Opportunities from the Post Disaster Needs Assessment ... · PDNA is a government-led exercise supported by the international community with the goals to: estimate the economic and

Opportunities from the Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) Process

Daniel Kull Senior Disaster Risk Management Specialist

Managing Risk in Insecure Contexts: Pathways to Resilience and Peacebuilding London Open Day Workshop 23 February, 2012

GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued support of our

partners: Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy,

Japan, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Malawi, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Africa, South Korea, Spain,

Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam, Yemen, the African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Secretariat, Arab Academy, European

Commission, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), Islamic Development Bank, United Nations Development Programme

(UNDP), United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR), and the World Bank.

Managing Risk in Insecure Contexts: Pathways to Resilience and Peacebuilding London, 23 Feb. 2012

PDNA is a government-led exercise supported by the international community with the goals to: estimate the economic and human impact of the disaster determine the reconstruction and recovery needs prioritize reconstruction and recovery activities in a recovery

framework PDNA is based on two methodologies: DaLA (Damage and Losses Assessment) is a quantitative estimation of

damage and losses in economic flows and the impact on the overall performance of the economy.

HRNA (Human Recovery Needs Assessment): “are assessments that determine the requirements for the full resilient recovery of human development for affected populations, including the restoration of governance systems 1”.

1 UNDP








Why damage and loss assessment? To quantify the financial needs for economic recovery and

reconstruction To define government priorities for intervention in different

geographical areas, sectors and population groups based on estimated gaps in production, growth and development

To create capacity of national government to design post-disaster programs and/or to define international cooperation needs

To provide basis for monitoring progress in implementing recovery and reconstruction programs

To provide guidance for ex ante disaster risk reduction schemes








Recovery Challenges in Fragile Settings

Higher and different needs - weaker capacities

Aid coverage and risk of exclusion

Short-term reconstruction verses longer-term transition from violence

Contested leadership - low trust

Disasters can help and hinder transitions

Adaptation to political processes - security considerations

To help address these, WDR 2011 includes 5 insights from successful transitions (next slides with issues for disaster recovery)








1. State cannot address complex violent challenges alone.

Decisive action is essential

Establishment of an “inclusive enough” coalition supports legitimacy (civil society, private sector, etc.)

Interdisciplinary approach focusing on underlying risks including violence as well as disaster impacts

Opportunity for international facilitation

PDNA entry points: engagement of non-state actors, consideration of fragility in recovery planning, international engagement/facilitation








2. Early, tangible results needed to restore confidence.

Local and institutional capacity development from the outset

Purposeful use of local personnel and community systems

Early results by Government – actions that enhance social justice particularly relevant

Timely, accurate and easily understandable communication

PDNA entry points: capacitation and engagement of local actors, rapid PDNA and recovery plan development, open communication with public M&E framework








3. Prioritize reform of security/justice and employment.

Access to relief and recovery for most vulnerable

Ensure rights and safety of the disaster affected

Job creation programmes beyond labour-intensive public works for reconstruction

Support for self-employment and small businesses

PDNA entry points: consideration of most vulnerable (HRNA) and security, prioritization of livelihoods development in reconstruction and recovery framework








4. Pragmatic “best fit” approaches adapted to local context.

No “one-size-fits-all” approaches

Inclusion of local expertise and personnel

Transparency – monitoring and evaluation

Use of social accountability tools (citizen report cards, expenditure tracking surveys, SMS, etc.)

PDNA entry points: inclusion of local actors, consideration of context (perhaps conflict analysis), provision of open M&E and social accountability in recovery plan








5. Recognising a succession of transitions over time. Short-term actions should not undermine long-term

transition Assistance needs to continue beyond the “normal”

reconstruction period Set-backs in transition should not affect recovery Opportunities: reforming emergency response policy,

reforming land policy, develop/implement DRR PDNA entry points: long-term recovery plans include

consideration of transition issues, prioritize interventions that both reduce disaster risk and support transition








Analyze and integrate context during PDNA:








Myanmar 2008: Post Nargis Joint Assessment (PONJA)

Led by Tripartite Core Group (TCG): ASEAN, Government, United Nations

Advisory Group: Neighboring countries (China, India, Bangladesh), UN, Red Cross Red Crescent, World Bank, ADB, INGOs

Comprehensive, rapid and joint effort

Covered humanitarian as well as recovery needs

Village Tract Assessment (VTA) for humanitarian needs: a survey of households, key informants and focus groups in the worst affected townships, complementing DaLA (secondary data-driven) for recovery needs

About 90% of all recovery costs estimated were activities planned delivered directly to the local community level

Guiding principles agreed for future interventions: effectiveness, transparency and accountability; independence, self-sufficiency and capacity-building; focus on the most vulnerable groups; and strengthen communities








Final thoughts

Include conflict specialists in PDNA

Potentially include dedicated conflict analysis

Recovery framework & support reviewed periodically to adapt to fragility issues

Combined action across security, diplomatic, humanitarian and development disciplines

Organizational restructuring for concerted action

Donors to accept higher level of risk: need to support weaker institutions to support transition but this poses fiduciary and political risks

Documents

Opportunities from the Post Disaster Needs Assessment ... · PDNA is a government-led exercise supported by the international community with the goals to: estimate the economic and