Opportunities and Challenges for 60 GHz Wireless … Presentation.pdf · 2021. 7. 2. · 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 50 100 150 distance (cm) 77 7 8888 9999 10110010 777 88 9 1100-90

Opportunities and Challenges

for 60 GHz Wireless Communication

Presented at: 1998 Asia Pacific Microwave Conference Yokohama, Japan

Solid-State Technology Laboratory

Hewlett-Packard Laboratories

Palo Alto, California

Rory Van Tuyl

Yokohama, Japan 11 December, 1998

Nature Has Created a Short Range Band.........56 - 64 GHz is Severely Range-Limited by Oxygen

15 dB/km

R. Van Tuyl, APMC ‘98Source:

H.J. Liebe et al.,

1993 AGARD

Conference ProceedingsFor Details of this study, contact US Dept. of Commerce,

NTIA/ITC, Boulder, CO, USA.

Terrestrial Transmitters Can �ot Interfere With Satellites................

130 km

>>100 dB Attenuation

O2 Radiation

130 km

Transmitters

R. Van Tuyl, APMC ‘98

R. Van Tuyl APMC ‘98

Terrestrial Range is Limited ..................60 GHz Compared to 1 GHz

cast

Loss

[d

B]

1 GHz

60 GHz

45 dB

93 dB

80

100

120


Iso

trop

ic B

road

c

Range

138 dB140

160

180

200

10m 100m 1 km 10 km

Isotropic Broadcast Loss -vs- Distance For 60 GHz and 1 GHz

OxygenAbsorption@10 dB/km

International Spectrum Allocations ................Present and Proposed

Japan

Test

Radar

Wireless LAN

e

ace A

pps

ed &

Mobile

ed

Oxygen Absorption Band


58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 6656 57

US

Europe

Mobile

IBC

N

Road

Info

r-

matics

Unlicensed

ISM

Prim

ary

: Spa

Secondary

: Fix

e

Pro

hib

ite

Wireless LAN

Frequency, [GHz]

Unlicensed

Unlicensed

Pt. - Pt.


If There Were a Problem, It Would

Be With the EYE

Recently, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory Has

Are 60 GHz mmWaves Safe?


Recently, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory Has Studied the Question

Reference: Kues, H.A. et al., “Absence of Ocular Effects Following Either Single or Repeated Exposure to 10 mW/cm2 from a 60-GHz Source,” submitted to Bioelectromagnetics Journal, for 1999 Publication.

For details, contact Henry A. Kues at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory: [[email protected]].

Johns Hopkins Experimental Setup

10 mW/cm2

60 GHz Beam

Control

Applications for 60 GHz Wireless Communications

Indoors: Outdoors:

Wireless Lans Point-to-Point Data Links

Point-to-Point Links

Sensors


Wireless LANs at 60GHz .........Are they Possible and Useful?

Positives:

Compact Antennas are Possible

Very High User Data Rates are Practical

Highest Aggregate System Data Rate

�egatives:

Range is Short

Line-of-Sight Required in Most Cases


Wireless LANs in Offices .........A Ceiling Mounted �etwork

Hubs & Transceivers


Useful Antennas for Wireless LAN

Up-Tilted Omni Steerable Four Sector Patch


60GHz Office Environment Channel Sounder

200

250

300

350

dis

tance (cm

)

TXTXTXTX

Angular Variation in Received Power

1111

2222 33334444

5555

6666

1111

2222 33334444

5555

6666

Furnished

Unfurnished6dB/Division

Maximum

-60 dBm

Minimum

60 GHz Measurements in a Typical Office Cubicle

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

0

50

100

150

distance (cm)

dis

tance (cm

)

6666

7777 8888 9999

10101010

6666

7777 8888 9999

10101010

-90 dBm


20

40

60

80

100

Locations <

Abcis

sa (%

)

c)

2

1

3

4

Delay Spreads for Office Cubicle Environment

1) Ceiling-Mounted Base Station Configuration : Directional Mobile

2) Cubicle-Mounted Base Station : Omni-Directional Mobile

3) Cubicle-Mounted Base Station : Directional Mobile, using single BS

4) Cubicle-Mounted Base Station : Directional Mobile, choice of BS1 or BS2

0 5 10 15

0

Delay Spread (ns)


Wireless LANs at 60GHz .........Are they Possible and Useful?

Answer:

YES!

However:

The Case is Hot Compelling At Present


Point-to-Point Data Links at 60GHz .........Are they Possible and Useful?

Positives:

Compact Directional Antennas are Available

Very High Data Rates are Practical

Low Interference Probability

Ho License Heeded Ho License Heeded

Simple, Cheap Radios May Be Possible

Hegatives:

Range is Short

Line of Sight is Required


Ad Hoc Video Links

“Last 100 meters”

Building-to-Building

Communications Backbone

Some Point-to-Point Applications

In-Building Backbone

Highway Applications

Ad Hoc Video Links

60 GHz Beams XBC


1000

2xT1

e [m

eter

s] Range for

99.99%Available

Pt.-Pt. Link

1200

1400 60 GHz

10W EIRP

6dB HF

I I I I I

3/4 Mile

1600

1800

1 Mile

3.7o Beamwidth

FM System

Denver

Range -vs- Rainfall Rate for 60 GHz Links

I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

0

OC-3

Rain Rate [mm/hr]

R

an

ge

Ho R

ain200

400

600

800

I I I I I

1/4 Mile

1/2 Mile

S

an

Die

go

Se

att

le

Atl

an

ta

Ho

no

lulu

Bost

on

Mia

mi

Dall

as

Hew

Orl

ean

s


Hokia launches a new solution capable of increasing a network capacity ten-fold...

(October 26, 1998) - Hokia today launches the new MetroSite capacity solution...intended for networks in areas of dense call traffic, such as business sectors, train or subway stations and shopping districts.

First Products are Being Announced... As of 1998

“Using revolutionary new access transmission at the 58 GHz frequency, this solution makes it possible to select sites virtually anywhere...”

Source: http://wwwdb.nokia.com/pressrel/webpr.nsf

2009

Point-to-Point Data Links at 60GHz .........Are they Possible and Useful?

Answer:

YES!

However:

Work is Heeded to Reduce Cost


How to Reduce Hardware Costs? .......What Will Make 60GHz Competitive?

Answer:

MMICs!


What MMIC Technologies?

GaAs pHEMT

InP HEMT

GaAs MHEMT


CMOS in 2009!

Osc.LHA Mxr

Buffer

Oscillator Output

Vtuning

Single-Chip Downconverter .......Block Diagram

RF Input


Osc.

IFA

LHA Mxr

Balun

I.F. OUT

Vtuning

+1.5V

-3V

Fre

qu

ency

, G

Hz

64

Receiver VTO Tuning Curve

F


Fre

qu

ency

, G

Hz

Tuning Voltage, [V]

0 1.0 2.0

Po

wer, d

Bm

+1

59

P

Receiver Gain and Noise Figure (Tested with External LO)

32dB Gain

G

Frequency, [GHz]

6dB HF


HF

Predictions for the Future .......Of 60GHz Wireless Communication

First Point-to-Point Links in 1999

Technology Costs Will Fall Over 5 Years

Cheap Indoor/Outdoor Data Links Will Follow

LAHs Will Emerge When Demand for Ultra High Data Rate Arrives


A Special Plea for Standardization.......But �ot Government-Imposed Rules

Worldwide Harmonization of Frequency Spectrum Allocations

Industry Heeds to Work Toward Basic Standards

Governments and Standards Bodies Should Be Permissive: �o Licenses! �o Lockouts!


Documents

Opportunities and Challenges for 60 GHz Wireless … Presentation.pdf · 2021. 7. 2. · 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 50 100 150 distance (cm) 77 7 8888 9999 10110010 777 88 9 1100-90