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Opioids and criminal justice in CT
Presented by:
Ivan Kuzyk, Kyle Baudoin, Kendall Bobula
June 9, 2017
The New York Times, June 6, 2017
OPM’s Criminal Justice Policy
and Planning Division
monitors developments in the
state criminal justice system.
We became aware of dramatic
increases in the number of
people entering the criminal
justice system with issues
related to opioid use.
We also began to map opioid
deaths using OCME date.
2005 2010 2015
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
Peak gun
deaths
(1993)
Peak HIV
deaths
(1995)
Peak car
crash deaths
(1972)
59,000 to
65,000 people,
estimated to
OD deaths in
2016.
Drug overdose
deaths, 2004 to 2016
Source: The New York Times, June 6, 2017
Overdose deaths and homicides in CT, 2004 to 2016
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Drug
overdoses
Homicides
917
729
558
498366328289
79151144
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
OD deaths to
homicides 2.6 2.5 2.5 3.1 2.5 2.6 2.0 2.4 2.4 4.8 5.5 5.7 11.6
Source: CT OCME
Overdose deaths by age and race/ethnicity, 2010 to 2016
3 1 1 2 5 8 74 4 6 39
14 17
47
84
70
100 103
128
148
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
OD deaths 18 to 29 year olds
BlackHispanicWhite
2 1 6 6 3 61212
6 11 13 915
2130
49
6372
96
132
164
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
OD deaths, 30 to 38 year olds
Black
Hispanic
White
7 6 8 6 6 717
11 8 9 1319 20 22
6859
51
84
9988
133
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
OD deaths 39 to 46 year olds
Black
Hispanic
White
6 412
21
4 821
3 6 8 13 14 1324
64
50 54
70
91
116 121
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
OD deaths 47 to 53 year olds
Black
Hispanic
White
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
OD deaths 54 to 97
BlackHispanicWhite
Deaths have increases
across age and
race/ethnicity
71%65%
72% 74%
9% 10% 12%6%
13% 13%8% 9%
6%
13%8%
11%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Statewide Norwich Middletown Groton
WnH % BnH % Hisp. % Oth. %
23%
32%
16%
53%
32% 33% 35%
13%
38%
27%
43%
24%
7% 7% 5%10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Bridgeport New Haven Hartford Stamford
33%
66%
83%
92%
27%
10%5%
1%
33%
17%
7%3%
7% 7% 6% 3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Towns over100,000
Towns 50k to 99k Towns 15k to49.9k
Towns under 15k
71%65%
72% 74%
9% 10% 12%6%
13% 13%8% 9%
6%
13%8%
11%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Statewide Norwich Middletown Groton
WnH % BnH % Hisp. % Oth. %
23%
32%
16%
53%
32% 33% 35%
13%
38%
27%
43%
24%
7% 7% 5%10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Bridgeport New Haven Hartford Stamford
33%
66%
83%
92%
27%
10%5%
1%
33%
17%
7%3%
7% 7% 6% 3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Towns over100,000
Towns 50k to 99k Towns 15k to49.9k
Towns under 15k
71%65%
72% 74%
9% 10% 12%6%
13% 13%8% 9%
6%
13%8%
11%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Statewide Norwich Middletown Groton
WnH % BnH % Hisp. % Oth. %
23%
32%
16%
53%
32% 33% 35%
13%
38%
27%
43%
24%
7% 7% 5%10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Bridgeport New Haven Hartford Stamford
33%
66%
83%
92%
27%
10%5%
1%
33%
17%
7%3%
7% 7% 6% 3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Towns over100,000
Towns 50k to 99k Towns 15k to49.9k
Towns under 15k
Cities, towns and race in CT
Source: US Census 2010
The state’s major minority
groups are, generally,
clustered in the state’s
largest cities.
In general, as town
population diminishes, so
too does the percentage of
minority residents
Over 100,000, 8%
50k to 99k, 23%
15k to 49.9k, 47%
Under 15k, 22%
WnH %
Over 100,000,
44%
50k to 99k,
32%15k to 49.9k,
21%
Under 15k,
4%
Hisp. %Over 100,000,
51%
50k to 99k, 26%
15k to 49.9k, 21%
Under 15k, 3%
BnH %
Over 100,000, 8%
50k to 99k, 23%
15k to 49.9k, 47%
Under 15k, 22%
WnH %
Over 100,000,
44%
50k to 99k,
32%15k to 49.9k,
21%
Under 15k,
4%
Hisp. %Over 100,000,
51%
50k to 99k, 26%
15k to 49.9k, 21%
Under 15k, 3%
BnH %
Over 100,000, 8%
50k to 99k, 23%
15k to 49.9k, 47%
Under 15k, 22%
WnH %
Over 100,000,
44%
50k to 99k,
32%15k to 49.9k,
21%
Under 15k,
4%
Hisp. %Over 100,000,
51%
50k to 99k, 26%
15k to 49.9k, 21%
Under 15k, 3%
BnH %
Only 8% of CT Whites live in cities
with populations over 100,000; 22%
live in small towns of under 15,000
Among Blacks, 51% live in cities
over 100,000; only 3% live in towns
with less than 15,000 inhabitants.
Among Hispanics, 44% live in cities
with more than 100,000 residents.
4% live in towns with less than
15,000 people.
Source: US Census 2010
Cities, towns and race in CT
Towns % Pop.
Over 100,000 5 18%
50,000 to 99,900 14 24%
15,000 to 49,900 58 41%
Under 15,000 92 17%
Injury towns and towns-of-death
http://arcg.is/2qpeD5n
Deaths by town and rates-of-death
It would be a gross simplification to say that opioid use and
addiction is a suburban, white problem. In fact opioid
abuse is growing among every demographic in the state.
Indexed OD deaths by race/ethnicity and age
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
450.0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
OD deaths by race/ethnicity - indexed to 2010
Black ind
Hisp ind.
White ind.
Black Hispanic White
2010 22 32 234
2011 20 29 277
2012 39 41 281
2013 45 52 395
2014 27 57 468
2015 46 79 596
2016 86 101 711
14 to
29
30 to
38
39 to
46
47 to
53
54 to
97
2010 55 44 86 73 31
2011 89 56 73 60 50
2012 81 80 68 75 62
2013 107 91 105 104 91
2014 118 109 125 110 96
2015 155 153 115 138 168
2016 178 199 175 170 195
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
OD deaths by age quintile - indexed to 2010
14 to 29
30 to 38
39 to 46
47 to 53
54 to 97
The upshot – opioids is simply pulling more
whites into the criminal justice system
Per capita overdose deaths by town vs. per capita income by town
Although every town has been affected by drug
overdose deaths, less affluent areas of the state are
generally more likely to bear the brunt of this epidemic.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
New
Ca
na
an
Westo
n
Rid
gefield
Lyme
Avo
n
Wo
od
brid
ge
Wash
ing
ton
Farmin
gton
Sh
erman
Gra
nb
y
New
tow
n
Stam
ford
Mo
nro
e
Bu
rlingto
n
Bo
lton
Oxfo
rd
Marlb
oro
ugh
Salem
Ea
st Gra
nb
y
So
uthb
ury
Du
rha
m
Heb
ron
So
uth W
ind
sor
Milfo
rd
No
rth H
aven
Ha
rwin
ton
Weth
ersfield
Can
aan
Clin
ton
Co
lum
bia
Bethel
So
uthin
gton
Dee
p R
iver
Barkh
amsted
Ha
md
en
Watertow
n
Lisbo
n
Preston
Ma
nch
ester
New
ington
Th
om
aston
Mid
dleto
wn
Gro
ton
Win
dso
r
Willin
gton
East Haven
Nau
gatu
ck
Th
om
pso
n
Pu
tnam
To
rringto
n
Eastford
Pla
infield
Ma
nsfield
New
Britain
Ha
rtford
OD Deaths per capita
Per Capita Income,thousands
Overdose deaths, 2004 through 2016, Source CT OCME
Per capita income, Source: U.S. Census 2010
Sprague
AnsoniaWaterbury
Canaan
Harwinton
Salem
Essex
Voluntown
127 147 157236 244
318
479162
181 209
262314
411
438
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
CT Accidental Drug Intoxication Deaths
With a DOC Number
No DOC Record
CT Accidental Drug Deaths
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Total Drug Deaths 289 328 366 498 558 729 917
With a DOC Number 127 147 157 236 244 318 479
No DOC Record 162 181 209 262 314 411 438
% with a DOC record 44% 45% 43% 47% 44% 44% 52%
Overdose deaths and the prison system
Jail re-interview data, 2011
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
Pre
-tri
al a
dm
itte
es
Age at 2011 pre-trial admit
2011 Pre-trial offenders acknowledging heroin use
Black
White
Hispanic
As long ago as 2011, we had the data to begin to
see the wave coming.
In the data as long as 2011
61
356
18179
9
92
159
1171
18
41
75
0
100
200
300
400
500
Under 21 21 to 30 31 to 40 41 to 50
2011 Pre-trial prisoners admitting heroin useWhite
Hispanic
Black
86% 76%
48%29%
13%20%
42%
43%
1% 4% 11%28%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Under 21 21 to 30 31 to 40 41 to 50
www.ct.gov/opm/CriminalJustice/Research
OPM/CJPPD – Research
450 Capitol Avenue
Hartford CT, 06106
Approximately 14,500 people are incarcerated in CT
today. The DOC cannot definitively identify which of
these offenders have a history of opioid use.
Drug deaths and incarceration history
Cities and towns in CT, 2010
0.3%1.3%
2.0% 1.8%0.8%
2.1% 1.9% 1.5%0.8%
1.4% 1.8% 1.4% 1.6% 1.9%2.6%
2.0% 1.9%1.2%
0.0%
3.0%
6.0%
9.0%
12.0%
15.0%
Blo
om
field
Brid
gepo
rt
Bristo
l
Dan
bu
ry
Ea
st Hartfo
rd
Fairfield
Gree
nw
ich
Ham
den
Hartfo
rd
Merid
en
Milfo
rd
New
Britain
New
Ha
ven
No
rwalk
Stam
ford
Waterb
ury
West H
artfo
rd
West H
aven
WHN
3.4%
13.9%
0.6%1.5%
3.7%
0.3% 0.4%
3.5%
13.2%
1.5%0.4%
2.4%
12.9%
3.4%4.8%
5.9%
1.1%
3.0%
0.0%
3.0%
6.0%
9.0%
12.0%
15.0%
Blo
om
field
Brid
gep
ort
Bristo
l
Dan
bu
ry
East Hartfo
rd
Fairfield
Green
wich
Ham
den
Hartfo
rd
Me
riden
Milfo
rd
New
Britain
New
Haven
No
rwalk
Stam
ford
Wa
terbu
ry
West H
artford
West H
aven
BNH
0.2%
11.5%
1.2%
4.2%
2.8%
0.6%1.2% 1.1%
11.3%
3.7%
0.6%
5.6%
7.4%
4.3%
6.1%7.2%
1.3%2.1%
0.0%
3.0%
6.0%
9.0%
12.0%
15.0%
Blo
om
field
Brid
gep
ort
Bristo
l
Dan
bu
ry
East Hartfo
rd
Fairfield
Green
wich
Ham
den
Hartfo
rd
Me
riden
Milfo
rd
New
Britain
New
Haven
No
rwalk
Stamfo
rd
Wa
terbu
ry
West H
artford
West H
aven
Hispanics
If we take the towns with
the ten largest populations
of blacks, whites and
Hispanics in the state, we
end up with a list of 18
towns.
Top 10 towns sorted by
group population contain:
•68% of blacks
•64% of Hispanics, and
•19% of whites
In 2010, the 4 largest cities
in the state were home to:
•45.9% of CT black non-
Hispanics
•37.4% of the CT
Hispanics, and
•5.7% of the state’s white
non-Hispanics.
Tableau Link
https://public.tableau.com/views/OverdoseAnalysis/Overdose
Analysis?:embed=y&:display_count=yes&publish=yes