Opinion- Find your place in the Opinion- Find your place in the roomroom

• Decide whether you: • Agree, Disagree, Somewhat

Disagree/Agree or Not Sure with the following statement:• The United States should take over

countries that will benefit our economy.• EXPLAIN your answer

Chapter 17Chapter 17

Becoming a World Power

What Factors drove ImperialismWhat Factors drove Imperialism

Markets/ Raw Materials/ Desire for Power /Desire for Prestige/ Racism

I. The Imperialist VisionI. The Imperialist VisionA. Building Support for Imperialism

1. A Desire for New Marketsa. Imperialism – economic and political domination

over another country

b. Protectorate – imperial power allows locals to rule

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/virtual/portrait/colonial-legacy_2.jpg

2. A feeling of Superioritya. Social Darwinism

b. Anglo-Saxonism: extension of manifest destiny

B. Expansion in the Pacific1. Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Japan

a. Forced Japanese to trade with United States

b. Meiji Restoration

2. Alaska- 1867 bought for $7.2 or 2c an acre

Seward’s Folly until Gold found 1890’s

1959- statehood

1. Annexing Hawaiia. A. Perfect position to refuel for whaling and merchant

ships- 1820 Missionaries land and start conversionb. Tension between planters and Hawaiian people grew-

1870 US controls tradec. 1887- Bayonet Constitution – King Kalakauad. Queen Liliuokalani tried to reassert her power- 1891e. Planters backed by American business men and the

Boston forced the queen to give up power- 1893f. Pushed for annexationg. President Cleveland would not allow ith. 5 years later the US annexed Hawaii – 1898- McKinleyi. 50th state- 1959

http://www.hawaii-nation.org/mauidemo.gif

Timeline of Hawaii

C. Trade and Diplomacy in Latin C. Trade and Diplomacy in Latin AmericaAmerica1. Pan-Americanism

a. James G. Blaine, Secretary of Stateb. Promote peace and tradec. Customs union – require all American

nations to reduce tariffsd. Organization of American States (OAS):

exists today to promote cooperation among nations in the western hemisphere

D. Building a Modern NavyD. Building a Modern Navy1. Captain Alfred T. Mahan: a large

navy is needed to protect merchant ships and defend right to trade with other countries

2. In order for the U.S. to have a large navy, they needed to acquire land for bases overseas

http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/5/5a/ATMahan.png

3. Henry Cabot Lodge supported Mahan

4. Reasons for a strong navy:

a. New markets

b. Manifest Destiny/Anglo-Saxonism

c. European imperialism

d. Mahan’s influencehttp://img.timeinc.net/time/magazine/archive/covers/1960/1101600926_400.jpg

Take up the White Man’s BurdenTake up the White Man’s BurdenTake up the White Man's burden--Send forth the best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild--Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child.Take up the White Man's burden--In patience to abide,To veil the threat of terrorAnd check the show of pride;By open speech and simple,An hundred times made plainTo seek another's profit,And work another's gain.

•

Take up the White Man's burden--No tawdry rule of kings,But toil of serf and sweeper--The tale of common things.The ports ye shall not enter,The roads ye shall not tread,Go mark them with your living,And mark them with your dead.

Take up the White Man's burden--And reap his old reward:The blame of those ye better,The hate of those ye guard--The cry of hosts ye humour(Ah, slowly!) toward the light:--"Why brought he us from bondage,Our loved Egyptian night?"

• Take up the White Man's burden--Ye dare not stoop to less--Nor call too loud on FreedomTo cloke (1) your weariness;By all ye cry or whisper,By all ye leave or do,The silent, sullen peoplesShall weigh your gods and you.

Take up the White Man's burden--Have done with childish days--The lightly proferred laurel, (2)The easy, ungrudged praise.Comes now, to search your manhoodThrough all the thankless yearsCold, edged with dear-bought wisdom,The judgment of your peers!

WHY the PACIFIC?WHY the PACIFIC?

• What motivated the United States to expand in the Pacific?

• What methods did the United States use to expand into the Pacific?

II. The Spanish-American WarII. The Spanish-American War

1. The Cuban Rebellion Beginsa. 1868 Cuban rebels declared

independence, rebellion squashed

b. 1880s Jose Marti, exiled in the U.S., raised funds and weapons

c. Cuba and U.S. are linked economically

http://www.ndw.navy.mil/NavyYard/Images/Maine_1.jpg

B. Americans Support Cubans1. Some Americans sympathetic

to the Cubans’ fight for independence

2. Yellow Journalisma. William Randolph Hearst: New

York Journal

b. Joseph Pulitzer: New York World

General Valeriano Weyler

a. Reconcentration camps

http://www.evesmag.com/hearstjournal.jpg

C. Calling Out for War1. President William McKinley

wanted to avoid war – too expensive in lives and $$$

2. McKinley asked the Spanish government if the U.S. could help negotiate an end of the conflict

a. Removed Gen. Valeriano Wylera. Concentration camps

b. Offered Cubans self-rule, if they remained part of the Spanish empire

http://www.historyplace.com/specials/calendar/docs-pix/mckinley.jpg

A. The Coming of War1.Remember the U.S.S. Maine- 2/15/98

2.. McKinley concerned for the safety of Americans sent the Maine to evacuate

3. De Lome Letter-

a. Sp. Ambassador Enrique Dupuy de Lome described McKinley as “ weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd.”

b. Coupled with the sinking of the Maine, Congress authorized

$50 million for war

4. Theodore Roosevelt wanted war, felt McKinley had “no more backbone

than an éclair.”

http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-m/maine.htm

B. A War on Two FrontsB. A War on Two Fronts• April 19th , 1898 Congress

declared Cuba independent

1. The United States takes the Philippines

a. North Atlantic Squadron blocked Cuba

b. American fleet based in Hong Kong ordered to attack the Spanish fleet in the Philippines

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/americas/cuba_econ_1977.jpg

What is giving

control of the

Philippines back to

Spain being compared to here?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:McKinleyPhilippinesCartoon.jpg

Cmdr. George Dewey sailed into Manila Bay and sank Spanish fleet

Troops departed San Francisco to Philippines, took Guam on the way

Dewey contacted Emilio Aguinaldo (leader of Philippine rebels)

2. American Forces Battle in Cuba

a. Mobilization of army a flop

b. “Rough Riders” – first volunteer cavalry

1. Led by Theodore Roosevelt

http://www.etsu.edu/cas/history/resources/Private/Faculty/Fac_From1877ChapterDoc/ChapterImages/Ch19RooseveltandtheRough%20Riders.jpg

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Looking Back… Looking Back…

• What were American motives for taking control of Cuba and the Philippines?

• What are some reasons to remain in control of these countries after the Spanish American War is over?

• What are some reasons to give these countries their independence after the war?

C.C. An American Empire is An American Empire is BornBorn

1. The Debate Over Annexation

a. Those for:1. Economic and military

benefits

2. Naval bases

3. “Civilize”

b. Those against:1. Cost of empire

outweighs economic benefits

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c.c. Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris1. Cuba became independent

2. U.S. acquired Puerto Rico and Guam- protectorates

3. U.S. paid $20 million for the Philippines

2. Rebellion in the Philippinesa. Aguinaldo led his troops against the U.S.

b. Arthur MacArthur used many of the same tactics we condemned the Spanish for

c. Howard Taft tried to win over Filipino people

• What was the argument for annexation?• What was the argument against

annexation?• Which side would you have been on?

Why?

3. Governing Puerto Ricoa.a. Foraker ActForaker Act – unincorporated territory

1. Not U.S. citizens

2. No constitutional rights

3. Congress could pass any laws they liked

4. Cuba and the Platt Amendmenta.a. Platt AmendmentPlatt Amendment

1. Cuba could not make treaties that would weaken independence or allow a foreign nation to gain Cuban territory

2. U.S. could buy or lease naval stations

3. Cuba’s debts had to be kept low

4. U.S. had the right to intervene

Looking back… Looking back…

• How did the war make the United States a world power?

Imperialism Questions:Imperialism Questions:• What did supporters of American expansion

argue? How did anti-imperialists respond to their arguments

• How did economic interest, ideology, and strategic interest encourage American imperialism?

• What principles should govern American foreign policy?

• When should the United States interfere in the internal affairs of a foreign country?

III. New American DiplomacyIII. New American Diplomacy

A. Theodore Roosevelt’s Rise to Power1. The Election of 1900

a. Dem. William Jennings Bryan: anti-imperialist

b. Rep. William McKinley: “Four more years of a full dinner pail.”

2. Theodore Roosevelt became president when McKinley was assassinated.

3. Roosevelt Becomes President

a. Overcame a sickly childhood

b. Strong proponent of increasing American power

c. Accepted some of the ideas of Anglo-Saxonism

d. Duty to shape “less civilized”

B. American Diplomacy in Asia

1. The Open Door Policya. 1905 Sino-Japanese War: over Korea

b. Russia forced Japan to give land in Manchuria back to China

c.c. Sphere of InfluenceSphere of Influence: control economic development

d.d. Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy provided equal trading rights

2. The Boxer Rebellion

a. 1900

b. Purpose was to get foreigners out of China

c. Killed over 200

d. Sec. of State Hay convinced European powers to back away and not use rebellion as a reason to partition

3. Balancing Power in East Asiaa. Roosevelt worked to prevent countries from

monopolizing China

b. Roosevelt negotiated a treaty between Russia and Japan in 1905- Portsmouth Treaty

c. Japan dominates – beats a world power

d. Relationship between the U.S. and Japan goes downhill

How did the Open Door Policy affect the relationship between the United States and Asia?

C. A Growing Presence in the Caribbean

1. The Panama Canal

a. 1901: Hay-Pauncefote Treaty – U.S. exclusive right to build the canal

b. 1903: U.S. acquired Panama Canal Zone

c. French company sells rights and property to U.S.

d. 1903 Hay offered Columbia $10 million and $250,000 to construct canal

2. Revolt in Panamaa. Panamanians wanted to protect commercial

interests

b. French company wants U.S. to build in Panama

c. Tension between Panama and Columbia

d. 11/3/1903: Panama claims independence

e. U.S. recognizes independence

f. Panama and U.S. sign treaty to build canal

3. The Roosevelt Corollarya. “Big Stick” diplomacy

b. Corollary said the U.S. would interfere in Latin America affairs when necessary – to maintain economic and political stability

c. First applied in the Dominican Republic

d. Taft = “Dollar Diplomacy”1. Nicaragua

In the end how does America look?In the end how does America look?

• Are we good guys or bad?• What do you think?