Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) and TacSat Overview for NSF Small Sat Workshop May 16, 2007 OSD Office of Secretary of Defense Mike Hurley 202-767-0528

Operationally Responsive Space (ORS)

and TacSat Overview

for

NSF Small Sat Workshop

May 16, 2007

OSD Office of Secretary of Defense

Mike Hurley202-767-0528

[email protected]

TacSat-1

TacSat-2

TacSat-3

TacSat-4

Col Tom Doyne 703-696-5766

[email protected]

Dr Peter Wegner 505-853-3486

[email protected]

Lt Col George Moretti505-846-0623

[email protected]

Mark Johnson202-404-5328

[email protected]

Tim Duffey202-404-3041

[email protected]

Presented by:

Chris Huffine202-404-4272

[email protected]

Chris Olmedo505-853-2867

[email protected]

Supporting Authors on Joint RSC5 Paper and Similar

Presentations Also Shown:

.2

Topics and Reference

• ORS Big Picture

• TacSat Experimentation

• ORS Payload Technology Initiative

• Bus Standards Initiatives

• Emerging ORS Office and Community

• Conclusions

For a Summary of the ORS Activities In Progress a Good Reference Paper is in AIAA Responsive Space Conference #5 April 2007

Paper #2007-4001

.3

Why ORS? … The Need

• Global Environmental Changes Require Increased Agility to Respond to Increased Uncertainty

1) Increased Geopolitical Uncertainty - End of Cold War With Stable, Predictable Adversary

- Global War on Terror – Changing Locations and Techniques

- More Countries Achieving New Space & Military Capabilities

2) Rapid Technology Improvement Cycles Resulting in New and Unpredicted Capabilities and Tactics Used by Others

This New Environment Affects All Elements, Not Specific to Space

.4

Where Is ORS Development?

• Moving From Unarticulated Rqmts (OFT) to Formal Requirements and Initial Acquisitions ….About 3/4 Way Through the Process Now

• TacSat Experiments Help to Shape the CONOPS and Inform Future Requirements

FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08FY03 FY04

OFT ORS Unarticulated Requirement…StartedTacSat-1 May 2003, Spacecraft Complete May 2004

Acquisitions StartFY08-10 (POM)

ORS Requirements in Development… STRATCOM Vision and CONOPS Defined

ORS Momentum Picked Up in FY04-FY05

Service S&T Communities(ONR, Army, AFRL) Began Funding and POMs for TacSat Experimentation (~$20M per TacSat Experiment) WE

ARE HERE

Joint ORS Office being Stood Up

5/21/07

TacSat-3 & 4 Missions Selected via Joint Process Led by AFSPC and STRATCOM

120 Day ORS Study & Report

to Congress

Jan 2005 US Space Transportation Policy Calls for ORS Access & Use

.5

TacSat Update: #1 - #4

• TacSat-1– Navy Led Experiment for OSD’s OFT – Tactical RF Payloads and UHF Cross-Platform Link– Low Resolution Visible (70m) and IR (850m) Cameras– Direct Access Via SIPRNET and VMOC Web Site– Spacecraft Completed May 04, Within 1 Year – Launch: Falcon-1 Winter 07

• TacSat-2– Air Force Led Experiment– Tactical Imaging and RF Payloads– Tactical CDL and UHF Links– Multiple Science Payloads– Launched on Minotaur-I, Dec 2006

• TacSat-3– Began First Joint Process for Selection

- Selected October 2004 – Air Force Led Experiment– AF/Army Hyperspectral Primary Payload– Navy Small Data-X Payload for IP-Based Buoy Comms– Launch on Minotaur-I, December 2007

• TacSat-4– Mission Jointly Selected on October 2005– Navy Leading With COTM/Data-X/BFT– Launch on Minotaur-IV, October 2008

• TacSat-5 : Selection this Summer

TacSat-2

TacSat-3

TacSat-4

TacSat-1

Experiment w/ Key System Elements to Mature Understanding and CONOPS for Operational Utility and Systems

Overall Experimentation Purpose

.6

TacSat Cycle Selections are Approximately Annual

COCOMS & OPERATIONALSERVICE COMPONENTS

S&T/R&D COMMUNITY

Needs & Requirements

DoD S&T Vector #2Enabling Tech Objectives

for Launch, Spacecraft, Operations, & Theater

Integration

TacSatDesign & Selection

Operational Experimentation

and MUA

OPSATAcquisition

ConsiderationOperational Utility, CONOPS, TTPS

Enabling Technologies andORS System Development

TacSatImplementation

Increased Technology

Readiness and/or System Development

.7

TacSat CycleSelections are Approximately Annual

COCOMS & OPERATIONALSERVICE COMPONENTS

S&T/R&D COMMUNITY

Needs & Requirements

DoD S&T Vector #2Enabling Tech Objectives

for Launch, Spacecraft, Operations, & Theater

Integration

TacSatDesign & Selection

Operational Experimentation

and MUA

OPSATAcquisition

ConsiderationOperational Utility, CONOPS, TTPS

Enabling Technologies andORS System Development

TacSatImplementation

Increased Technology

Readiness and/or System Development

Battlefield Characterizationfor Camouflage, etc. HSI

High Rate TheaterCDL Downlink

.8

From S&T Vector #2 (SPRING 06) Responsive Satellite Enabling Technology

• Tactical Operations and Data Dissemination:

– Integrated with existing ISR C2 (e.g. Space CDL, UHF, JTRS, GBS)

– New COMSEC techs. & processes– Decision quality

data to the warfighter

• Modular Design: – Plug ‘n play architecture– Standard, open architecture

interfaces

• Rapid Deployment: – Mission planning

tools / tailored orbits– Fast assembly and test– Rapid autonomous

deployment / checkout

• Advanced Small / Microsat Technologies:

– Efficient propulsion– Advanced power– Lightweight, low cost

apertures– Low cost rad-tolerant

components

S&T Vector #2 Guides DoD Investment in Response Space Area for Coordinated Investment in Enabling Capabilities. AFRL Leads for DoD.

S&T Vector #2 Guides DoD Investment in Response Space Area for Coordinated Investment in Enabling Capabilities. AFRL Leads for DoD.

• ResponsiveResponsive

• AffordableAffordable

• EmployableEmployable

• IntegratedIntegrated

.9

ORS Payload Technology Initiative

.10

ORS Payload Technology Initiative

• Goal: ORS Technology Development for Future Capabilities and to Help Support the Industrial Base in the ORS Area

• 75 Proposals were Received from Industry and Evaluated using an Army SMDC, AFRL, and NRL Joint Evaluation Process

– Achieved Solid Consensus and Selected 15 Proposals for Award with OSD and STRATCOM Concurrence

• These Contracts are All in Place and Industry will be Developing Over the Course of the Next Year

• NRL is the Program Manager of this Initiative for OSD– Chris Huffine and LCDR Joe Gherlone are Primary Contract CORs

.11

ORS Payload Technologies Awarded

BALL L-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

Goodrich Airborne (U2) EO/IR Sensor for ORS

ATC RF Digital Payload (Software Reprogrammable Radio selected among five proposals across the Moderate and Complex categories)

CTD Light Weight Large Composite Reflector for ORS

SEAKR Reprogrammable Space Network Interface Card

ICS Autonomous Tasking and Checkout of Responsive Space Payloads

JHUAPL “WISPER” - Wafer Integrated Spectrometer (SAA mission oriented) - also provides an AF FalconSat payload

Raytheon “Skidmore POD” - advanced Hyperspectral payload technology

SPACEDEV CORRI - Combined Optical, Radio, Radar

MSI UIE - Universal Payload Electronics

AMASST Enhancing Space Control with Structured Light Sensor

GD-AIS HIGHRISE (HI RES Imaging Sensor and Exploitation)

SSGINC Manufacturing Techniques for ORS

JHUAPL Self Heal CD&H (for Commercial Electronics Use In Space)

INNOFLIGHT IP Transceiver Experiment

Table 1. ORS Payload Technology Awards

COMPLEX CATEGORY ($2.0M<complex<$5M)

MODERATE CATEGORY ($0.5M<moderate<2.0M)

BASIC CATEGORY (<=$0.5M)

.12

Joint Evaluation and Award Summary

So Good Consensus was Achieved Resulting in the Top Picks of Each Department being Awarded Almost Evenly

0123456789

Number ofFirst

ChoicesAwarded

Number ofFirst orSecondChoicesAwarded

Number ofFirst,

Second,or ThirdChoicesAwarded

Number ofFirst,

Second,Third, orFourth

ChoicesAwarded

Army

Air Force

Naval

Out of 15 Total Awards

.13

Spacecraft Bus Standards Initiatives

.14

Four Phase Bus Standards Development

• Phase 1 – Analysis and Team Building (MIT/LL Led)

• Phase 2 – Test Bed and Standard Avionics (AFRL Led) – also “Modular Bus”

• Phase 3 – Gov’t / Industry Prototype Standard Bus System Development– Naval Research Lab (NRL) and JHU Applied Physics Lab (APL) Led

• Phase 4 – Production Phase (SMC Led)

All Phases Supported by the Nation’s Collective System Engineering Expertise

System Engineering Working Group

(Government, Industry, Academia)

PHASE 3NRL/APL LEAD

Spacecraft System Design

Core Architecture

PHASE 4PHASE 4SMC LEADSMC LEAD

ProductionQuantity Bus Buys

PHASE 2AFRL LEAD

Bus Technology & Standards Insertion

and Test Bed

General Officer/Lab Director Steering Group

PHASE 1MIT/LL LEAD

Analysis

Bus forTacSat-3

Bus forTacSat-4

.15

Relationship to Other Standards Working Groups

• On-going Standards Development will Continue• OSD Initiative Focused on Getting to Initial Buy and Setting Up a Sound Spiral Process

Long TermVisions

RSATAFRL Plug & Play WGs

Others

NASA Modular Bus WG

PHASE 3NRL/APL LEAD

Spacecraft System Design

Core Architecture

PHASE 4PHASE 4SMC LEADSMC LEAD

ProductionQuantity Bus Buys

PHASE 2AFRL LEAD

Bus Technology & Standards Insertion

and Test Bed

PHASE 1MIT/LL LEAD

Analysis

AIAA Standards

Long Term Technology (S&T) Oriented Efforts

Consortium

Standards/Technology

for TacSat-4 and

1st SMC ORS/JWS Buy

Ready-to-Aggressive

Standards/Tech.

for TacSat-3 Experiment

Ready

Standards/Tech.

for 2nd

ORS/JWS Buy

.16

Bus Standards May Provide Good Opportunity for ORS and NSF Collaboration

• Achieving Broad Acceptance and Volume is a Key to Success of Any Standards

• Generally these ORS Bus Standards Complimentary STP SIV Bus Standards Nicely In Terms of Size, Weight, Power and Cost Class of Bus

– SIV Spacecraft ~180kg; ORS Spacecraft ~400kg (buses are about half)

• AFRL Led Plug-and-Play Standards Work Generally Supports Component Level Standardization and is Well Suited for All Cost Classes

• Reference Paper is in AIAA Responsive Space Conference #5 April 2007 Paper #2007-4001 which Includes web Links to Standards Documents Etc

– “Phase 3” Documents are at: https://projects.nrl.navy.mil/busstandards/index.php

.17

Joint ORS Office and Community

.18

ORS Office Standup is May 21, 2007. Properly setting up the core office relationships, incentives, and authorities is probably the biggest current

challenge effecting long term success of ORS.

ORS Core Office and Broader Community

ORS

Core

Acquisition

Operations Support

S&TCOCOM/User Support

Concepts/ Solutions

• OSD/DR&E• Service Labs, DARPA• Other gov’t orgs

• TENCAP• Battle Labs• JFC• Doctrine• Wargames• Exercises• Mod/Sim

•Service/agencies acquisition orgs•UAVs/Airborne payloads

• USSTRATCOM• Components• COCOMS

•JFCCs•SDTW•Blossom Pt•Force providers

•Coalition

Span of Control ……………………. Span of Influence

•Academia

Defense Civil

CommercialIntelligence

ORS

Core

Acquisition

Operations Support

S&TCOCOM/User Support

Concepts/ Solutions

• OSD/DR&E• Service Labs, DARPA• Other gov’t orgs

• TENCAP• Battle Labs• JFC• Doctrine• Wargames• Exercises• Mod/Sim

•Service/agencies acquisition orgs•UAVs/Airborne payloads

• USSTRATCOM• Components• COCOMS

•JFCCs•SDTW•Blossom Pt•Force providers

•Coalition

Span of Control ……………………. Span of Influence

•Academia

Defense Civil

CommercialIntelligence

.19

Core Office Design Essential to Reduce Inertia Required to Move from Needs to Capabilities

ORS Office Formally Includes All Key Functions to Increase Information Flow and Reduce Inertia Needed to Transition Through Each Community

Op

era

tiona

l Nee

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Informed Development

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& D

ocum

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/ N

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ap

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uir

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To Space OpsForce

Training

Op

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Op

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Rq

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.20

Conclusions

• ORS is Maturing from All S&T/R&D Efforts to Now Include COCOM Support, Acquisition and Operations Arms in a Formal Office Construct

– The Joint ORS Office Standup will Occur May 21, 2007

• TacSat Experiments are Intended to Co-Evolve Concepts and Technologies to Spiral Operational Capabilities and Inform Acquisition

– Although Not Their Main Focus, TacSats may have Potential for NSF

• Expect NSF-ORS Technology Development Collaboration would be Productive

– ORS S&T Vector #2– ORS Payload Technology Development Initiative

• Achieving Broad Acceptance and Volume is a Key to Success for the Spacecraft Bus Standards

– Would be Great to See Some ORS and NFS Collaboration with these Bus Standards