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Operationalization of Urban Nexus
Approaches in City of Nashik, India
Emani Kumar Deputy Secretary General, ICLEI Executive Director, ICLEI South Asia
Urban Nexus City: Nashik
Situated on the Northwest of the state of Maharashtra, India
Located on the bank of Godavari River Administrative headquarter of Nashik
District and Division 3rd largest and the 3rd the most
industrialised city in Maharashtra 4th largest city: population of 1,486,973
(2011) One of the holiest cities of India, hosts
Simhashth Kumbh Mela, a mass Hindu pilgrimage, once in 12 years .
Famous for its grape production and is known as the ‘Grape city’ or ‘Wine capital of India’.
Nexus Approaches in Nashik
Objective: To identify and establish mutually beneficial responses from the inter-linkages between sectors (water, energy, food) Donor: GIZ Duration: November, 2013 to July, 2014 Scope of Work: Identifying potential thematic and strategic foci for the respective pilot measure
Growth Trajectory & Resource Constraints
Population projected to cross 3
million in 2026 and 5 million
in 2014!!!
Area increased by
22 times in 100
years and
population by 30
times!!!
With the increasing
population there is
increased demand
for drinking water
supply!!
Non revenue water
(NRW) is very high and
needs urgent attention!!!
Groundwater pumping for
agricultural purposes is very energy
intensive!!
Groundwater level is decreasing at
the rate of 1-3 m in every five
years!!!
High paced
urbanization,
industrialization and
fast deforestation:
Less area for
cultivation
“Considering the agricultural importance of Nashik, it was proposed to bring the fallow/scrub land into urban and peri-urban agriculture practices which will
reduce energy and water demand” – ULTIMATE GOAL OF NASHIK
Nexus in Nashik
Pilot Interventions included:
1. Agriculture Pump Set Efficiency Performance Evaluation 2. Mapping biogas potential in the pilot area 3. Creating potential groundwater recharging system 4. Promoting agro-education in schools
Energy
Food
Water
Inter- sectoral linkages: Integration of separately designed and managed systems in Nashik: Water,
Agriculture (Food) and Energy Institutional and Multi-level linkages:
At least 10 separate departments responsible for water, energy and agriculture in Nashik
Agriculture Pump Set Efficiency Performance Evaluation
Inefficient irrigation pump sets used with operating efficiency <30% or less
Energy consumption is very high on farms:
i. Improper selection and installation of pumps,
ii. Use of high-friction piping, and
iii. Lack of proper maintenance
Semi-structured interview with more than 120 farmers in Makhmalabad
Auditing of 8 agricultural pumps in the study area
Identify the major causes of low operating efficiency and recommend improvements / better operating practices
Study external parameters that could affect the efficiency and their impact on operating efficiency
Pilot Activities Include:
Replacement of inefficient pumps by ISI marked and BEE
approved energy efficient pump sets to demonstrate impact!!
Training and capacity building of farmers !!
Mapping Biogas Potential in the Pilot Area
Strategic step to reduce dependence on fossil fuels
Few decades back farmers had installed biogas plants under National Biogas and Manure Management Programme (NBMMP), GoI.
However, biogas has lost its charm due to urbanization and reduction in livestock
Need to look into options to revive usage of biogas technology
Calculations show that replacing fossil fuels by biogas reduces the CO2 emission per unit of energy by 90%!!
Survey of Pilot Area to assess: Numbers and locations of functional
and non-functional biogas plants Number of individual and community
plants Reasons for non-functionality of
abandoned biogas plants Number of cattle sheds in the area
which can serve as potential source for raw material Only 16% of installed biogas
plants are functional presently!!
Creating Potential Groundwater Recharge Systems
Feasibility study by NMC to construct groundwater recharging system
Along with NMC, ICLEI SA is constructing groundwater recharging systems at one of the 4 sites in city
Recharging Systems will reduce surface runoff and maintain water table for usage during dry spells!!
Exposure visits for students to agricultural farms to raise awareness towards actual farming practices and importance of organic farming
Visit to model farm with variety of plantations, horticulture nursery, demo models of water conservation units etc.
First tour was organized on 13th April, 2014 with 35 school children along with teachers participating
Facilitated through KK Wagh College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology
Promoting Agro –tourism/ Agro-education among School
FOOD
Agricultural
Pump Set
Efficiency
Performance
Evaluation
WATER
Groundwater
Recharging
ENERGY
Mapping
Biogas
Potential in the
Pilot Area
CLIMATE
CHANGE
Reduced energy
consumption
Livestock manure management;
biofertilizer
Institutional and Multi-level Linkages
Formation of Stakeholder Group
Different departments at multi-levels involved: ‒ Water Supply and Sewerage; Environment; Town
Planning Dept. NMC (City level),
‒ Irrigation Department (District and State level),
‒ State Agriculture Department (State level),
‒ Maharshtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (District level)
‒ KK Wagh College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, (Academic)
‒ Agriculture Produce Market Committee (District level)
‒ Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute (Research )
‒ Maharashtra Environmental Engineering Training and Research Academy (City level)
Perfect
example of
institutional
and
managerial
silos!!!
Outcomes, Challenges & Lessons Learnt
Outcomes
Improved inter-departmental coordination Multi-level governance Improved energy efficiency by replacing inefficient pump sets with more efficient, right sized pumps and low-friction valves and piping Promoting the revival of non-functional biogas plants helped in improved resource efficiency Conservation of natural resources through groundwater recharging Awareness raising through students Training and capacity building of local farmers helped in sensitizing them to the utilization of energy efficient pumps Community ownership of the project through a tripartite agreement between the farmers, the NMC and ICLEI South Asia
Challenges
The major short-comings in bringing institutional and multi- level linkages included: ‒ Composition of institutions ‒ Limited mandate of existing institutions ‒ Decision making process ‒ Bureaucratic and political interference ‒ Weak enforcement capacity ‒ No inter-departmental/institutional communication
Lessons Learnt
Bringing together multiple levels of governance requires considerable time Limited time and human resources can shape an Urban NEXUS outcome Creating openness to the Urban NEXUS approach is crucial Building trust with communities is a make or break factor Political will and commitment ensure that an Urban NEXUS project will take flight Building awareness is a continuous process
Thank You
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