OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

Operational safety of dams and reservoirs

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

Sponsors (alphabetically)BC HydroOntario Power GenerationUS Army Corps of EngineersVattenfall

Project ManagerMona Bechai, Mobec Engineering

Working group (alphabetically)Romanas Ascila, VattenfallGregory Baecher, University of MarylandDes Hartford, BC HydroBob Patev, USACEKarl Rytters, Sekond APAndy Zielinski, OPG

Operational safety of dams and reservoirs

system issues of dam safety

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

4

Concept

0"

5"

10"

15"

20"

25"

30"

Structural" Gates"inoperable"

Control"system"error"

Operator"error"

Cable/chain"failure"

Hoist"mechanism"

Power"supply"

Num

ber"of"incide

nts"or"failures"

No"Impact/Unknown"

Dam"Failure"

Uncontrolled"Release"

Source: Martin McCann NPDP 2016

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

5

Concept

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

Concept

Summer of 2008

Summer of 2013

Identical flow conditions in 2008 and 2013, but entirely different generation profile in response to market pricing.

Source: Tony Bennett OPG

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

Probabilistic risk analysis

Concept

INPUTS: StochasticReservoirinflow

OUTPUTS:Controlled outflow

& power generation

OperatingSystem

DISTRUBANCES:Debris

IceEarthquakes

Landslides[…] Opera&ng)

systemDisturbances

Outputs

Inputs

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

Operational risk assessment

8

Concept

MANAGEMENTPolicy & plans

OPERATIONS

STAFFControl Actions Data

Reports

Controlvariables

Performanceindicators

Controls

DisplaysHumanoperator

Automated8controller

Opera: ng8sysetm

Sensors

Actuators

Disturbances

Outputs

Inputs

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

Operational determinants of incidents and failures

Incidents and failures are not usually caused by extreme eventsOperational issues are more often to blame

Systems issues of dam safety

Who else is going this way?

–Chemical industry

–Civil and military aviation

–Coastal storm protection

–Nuclear power

–Offshore oil & gas

Concept

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

Systems

RESERVOIR

POWERHOUSE

U/S INFLOW

CATCHMENT

D/S CHANNEL

BOTTOMOUTLET

SPILLWAY CAPACITY:Wat er LevelDebr is, IceCondi t ion (Maint enance)

Aux.

Forecast

SCADA

ControlManual / Auto

Operator

Ener gyDspn

DISCHARGE RATE:Infl ow - Wat er LevelSpw capaci t yP/s capaci t yEner gy dissipat ion capaci t y

Sensor s

FACTORS:LoadsSt r uct ur e r esponseCont r ol sHuman oper at ionsO&MMal icious in t ent

Reser voi r :LevelIceDebr isWaveSediment s

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

11

Systems

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

Dam safety considerations in the Campbell River system

Systems

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

Gate (un-)reliabilityDehli Dam, USA, 2010

–Embankment dam with concrete cutoff wall

–3 (25 ft x 20 ft) vertical lift gates (maintenance problems)

–Only two gates could be opened

13

Systems

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

Humans in the loop

External:

–Situational Characteristics (e.g., Quality of the Work Environment)

–Task and Equipment Characteristics (e.g., Continuous, Dynamic, Step by Step Sequential, static)

–Job and Task Instructions (e.g., Operating Procedures)

Internal:

–Psychological Stressors (e.g., Task Load)

–Physiological Stressor (e.g., Fatigue)

–Organizational Factors (e.g., Previous Training/Experience)

14

Systems

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

Simulation of operations

Slide 15

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

Simulation of operations

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

Simulation of operations

X1

X2

Performance Gates

Tracked Variables

X3

X4

X5

X6

X7

t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6

X1

X2

Tracked Variables

X3

X4

X5

X6

X7

t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6

X1

X2

Tracked Variables

X3

X4

X5

X6

X7

t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

Current projects

• Mattagami River (OPG)• Matawaska River (OPG)• Göte River (Vattenfall)• Wolf Creek Dam (USACE)• John Day Dam (USACE)• Missouri River main stem dams (USACE)• Campbell River (BCHydro)• Chao Phraya Basin (Thailand)

18

Simulation of operations

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

19

Mattagami River system

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

20

Mattagami River system

OUTLINE

1. Concept2. Systems 3. Simulation4. Mattagami5. Path forward

OPERATIONAL

SAFETY OF

DAMS AND

RESERVOIRS

Mattagami River system

Slide 21