Operation of the Limestone and Dolomite Mines Labour ...s3. · PDF fileOPERATION OF THE LIMESTONE AND DOLOMITE MINES LABOUR WELFARE FUND IN MADHYA PRADESH: A STUDY M.M. Rehman Shashi

OPEROPEROPEROPEROPERAAAAATIOTIOTIOTIOTION OF THE LIMESTN OF THE LIMESTN OF THE LIMESTN OF THE LIMESTN OF THE LIMESTOOOOONE ANDNE ANDNE ANDNE ANDNE ANDDODODODODOLLLLLOMITE MINES OMITE MINES OMITE MINES OMITE MINES OMITE MINES LALALALALABOUR WELFBOUR WELFBOUR WELFBOUR WELFBOUR WELFAREAREAREAREARE

FUND IN MAFUND IN MAFUND IN MAFUND IN MAFUND IN MADHDHDHDHDHYYYYYA PRA PRA PRA PRA PR AAAAADESH: DESH: DESH: DESH: DESH: A STUDA STUDA STUDA STUDA STUDYYYYY

M.M. RehmanM.M. RehmanM.M. RehmanM.M. RehmanM.M. Rehman

ShashShashShashShashShash i Ti Ti Ti Ti Tomeromeromeromeromer

VVVVV.V.V.V.V.V. Gir. Gir. Gir. Gir. Gir i Nati Nati Nati Nati Nat ional Lional Lional Lional Lional Labour Insabour Insabour Insabour Insabour Insttttt itutitutitutitutituteeeee

Sector-24, NOIDASector-24, NOIDASector-24, NOIDASector-24, NOIDASector-24, NOIDA

Published by Krishan C. Khurana, Manager (Publication) on behalf ofV.V. Giri National Labour Institute, Post Box No. 68Sector-24, NOIDA-201 301 (U.P.)

© V.V. Giri National Labour Institute, NOIDA (3H)Year of Printing : 2007

The views expressed by the author(s), the selection of facts presented and theopinions stated with regard to the facts are the responsibility of the author(s)and do not necessarily represent the views of V.V. Giri National Labour Institute.

Printed at Chandu Press, D-97, Shakarpur, Delhi - 110 092.

PREFPREFPREFPREFPREFAAAAACECECECECE

The Limestone and Dolomite Mines Workers (L S D M) WelfareFund Act 1972, came into operation in 1973. Since then alarge number of workers have been benefiting from its variousschemes every year. However, in course of operation severalproblems have appeared, and some of them are: identificationof eligible workers is not taking place properly, many non-eligible people have been found taking benefits and also thereare several problems at the grassroots delivery level.

In order to examine such problems and suggest suitablemeasures the present evaluation study was undertaken by theInstitute.

The study has been presented in 10 chapters. TheLimestone and Dolomite Mines Workers Welfare Fund Act1972, and list of dispenaries have also been annexed forreference.

Chapter One provides an overview of the industry, employmentand production along with the details of welfare fund andresearch methodology.

Chapter Two presents pat tern and trend of progress of theLSDM fund.

Chapter Three deals with the process and result of the operationof the fund.

Chapter Four deals with income and expenditure pattern of thefund.

Chapter Five presents spatial distribution of beneficiaries ofeducational schemes.

Chapter Six provides general profile of the surveyed households.

Chapter Seven presents some aspects of the employment andwages of the respondents.

Chapter Eight deals with the impact of the welfare fund on thebeneficiaries.

Chapter Nine examines the various aspects of the benefitsreceived under various schemes of the welfare fund.

Chapter Ten presents relevant recommendations and conclusionof the study.

K. Manjit SinghDirector

August, 2007

CONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTS

Chapter One: An Overview 1-28Chapter One: An Overview 1-28Chapter One: An Overview 1-28Chapter One: An Overview 1-28Chapter One: An Overview 1-28

ChaptChaptChaptChaptChapter Ter Ter Ter Ter Twwwwwo: Po: Po: Po: Po: Patatatatat ttttterererererns ans ans ans ans and Tnd Tnd Tnd Tnd Trrrrrends ofends ofends ofends ofends ofProgress under LSDMProgress under LSDMProgress under LSDMProgress under LSDMProgress under LSDM 2 9 - 4 52 9 - 4 52 9 - 4 52 9 - 4 52 9 - 4 5

Chapter Three: The ProcessChapter Three: The ProcessChapter Three: The ProcessChapter Three: The ProcessChapter Three: The Processand Resultsand Resultsand Resultsand Resultsand Results 4 6 - 6 24 6 - 6 24 6 - 6 24 6 - 6 24 6 - 6 2

Chapter Four: Income andChapter Four: Income andChapter Four: Income andChapter Four: Income andChapter Four: Income andExpenditure PatternExpenditure PatternExpenditure PatternExpenditure PatternExpenditure Pattern 6 3 - 6 96 3 - 6 96 3 - 6 96 3 - 6 96 3 - 6 9

Chapter Five: Spatial DistributionChapter Five: Spatial DistributionChapter Five: Spatial DistributionChapter Five: Spatial DistributionChapter Five: Spatial Distributionof Beneficiary Education Schemesof Beneficiary Education Schemesof Beneficiary Education Schemesof Beneficiary Education Schemesof Beneficiary Education Schemes 7 0 - 7 57 0 - 7 57 0 - 7 57 0 - 7 57 0 - 7 5

Chapter Six: General Profile of theChapter Six: General Profile of theChapter Six: General Profile of theChapter Six: General Profile of theChapter Six: General Profile of theSurveyed HouseholdsSurveyed HouseholdsSurveyed HouseholdsSurveyed HouseholdsSurveyed Households 7 6 - 8 77 6 - 8 77 6 - 8 77 6 - 8 77 6 - 8 7

Chapter Seven: EmploymentChapter Seven: EmploymentChapter Seven: EmploymentChapter Seven: EmploymentChapter Seven: Employmentaaaaand Wnd Wnd Wnd Wnd Wageageageageage sssss 8 8 - 9 38 8 - 9 38 8 - 9 38 8 - 9 38 8 - 9 3

Chapter Eight: Benefit impactChapter Eight: Benefit impactChapter Eight: Benefit impactChapter Eight: Benefit impactChapter Eight: Benefit impactof tof tof tof tof thhhhhe We We We We Welfelfelfelfelfararararare Fe Fe Fe Fe Fund Schund Schund Schund Schund Schemeemeemeemeemes ofs ofs ofs ofs ofLSDNWF: HealthLSDNWF: HealthLSDNWF: HealthLSDNWF: HealthLSDNWF: Health 9 3 - 1 0 39 3 - 1 0 39 3 - 1 0 39 3 - 1 0 39 3 - 1 0 3

Chapter Nine: Benefit underChapter Nine: Benefit underChapter Nine: Benefit underChapter Nine: Benefit underChapter Nine: Benefit underEducation SchemeEducation SchemeEducation SchemeEducation SchemeEducation Scheme 1 0 4 - 1 1 21 0 4 - 1 1 21 0 4 - 1 1 21 0 4 - 1 1 21 0 4 - 1 1 2

ChaptChaptChaptChaptChapter Ter Ter Ter Ter Ten: Ren: Ren: Ren: Ren: Recommendatecommendatecommendatecommendatecommendat ionsionsionsionsionsand Conclusionand Conclusionand Conclusionand Conclusionand Conclusion 113-117 113-117 113-117 113-117 113-117

RESEARCH TEAMRESEARCH TEAMRESEARCH TEAMRESEARCH TEAMRESEARCH TEAM

M.M. Rehman

Shashi Tomar

Masood Akhtar

Deepak Srivastav

1

CHAPTER I

An Overview

Introduction

Limestone and Dolomite are minerals found depositedunder the soil. The “limestone” includes minerals, as definedby the Limestone and Dolomite Mines Labour Welfare FundAct, 1972, “like lime-shell, calcareous sand and sea andessentially composed of lime-shell, marl, kankar or lime-kankar”.

Dolomite is also “a mineral consisting of a calciummagnesium carbonate found in crystals and in extensive beds asa compact limestone” (DGLW, 1998).

These two minerals are used in many manufacturingprocesses, for example, in the manufacture of cement, iron,steel, ferro-alloys, alloy steel, chemicals, sugar, paper, fertilizer,iron ore pelletisation, etc.

India has a large deposit of these minerals. In 1990 itwas estimated that the country had 76,446 and 4967 milliontonnes of limestones and dolomite reserves respectively. Thestate-wise details are given in Table 1.1.

It can be noted in Table 1.1 that in 1994-95, the totalnumber of limestone mines was 664. A state wise distributionshows that the largest concentration of limestone was found inMadhya Pradesh which accounted for more than one fourth ofthe total limestone mines, followed by Gujarat (18.82), AndhraPradesh (12.34) and Tamil Nadu (11.14). Together these fourstates accounted for 69.55 percent of the total limestone minesof the country. In other states the distribution varied between0.15 and 5.57 percent (see fig 1.1).

2

Table 1.1: Distribution of LS Mines by States

State Number of Mines PercentageAndhra Pradesh 82 12.34Arunachal Pradesh 1 0.15Assam 3 0.45Bihar 32 4.81Gujarat 125 16.82Haryana 2 0.30Himachal Pradesh 32 4.81Jammu & Kashmir 1 0.15Karnataka 37 5.57Kerala 1 0.15Madhya Pradesh 181 27.25Maharashtra 30 4.51Meghalaya 2 0.30Orissa 21 3.16Rajasthan 33 4.96Tamil Nadu 14 11.14Uttar Pradesh 7 1.05Total 664 100.00

Source : Ministry of Labour, Standing Note on the Limestone and DolomiteMines Welfare Fund. Directorate General, Labour Welfare

Fig1.1

Distribution of LS Mines by States

82

1 3

32

125

2

32

1

37

1

181

30

2

2133

147

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

AndhraPra

desh

Arunachal P

radesh

AssamBih

ar

Gujara

t

Haryana

Himachal P

radesh

Jamm

u&

Kashmir

Karnata

ka

Kerala

Madhya

Pradesh

Mahara

shtra

Meghala

ya

Orissa

Rajasth

an

Tam

il Nadu

Uttar Pra

desh

State

Num

bero

fMin

es

3

Employment

A substantial number of workers are employed in theLimestone mines. The figures in Table 1.2 shows that in 1994-95 the average daily employment was 36,735. The state-wisedistribution further shows that average daily employment washighest in Orissa (20.94), followed by Madhya Pradesh (20.58),Tamil Nadu (13.56), and Gujarat (8.37) (see Fig 1.2 ). Togetherthese states accounted for more than 65 percent of the averagedaily employment (65.34) (for details pl. see Table 1.2).

Table 1.2: Average daily employment in LSMs byStates : 1994-95

State Average daily Percentageemployment

Andhra Pradesh 160 72.54

Bihar 693 11.00

Gujarat 584 9.27

Karnataka 79 1.25

Madhya Pradesh 3519 55.86

Maharashtra 134 2.12

Orissa 839 13.31

Rajasthan 31 0.49

Uttar Pradesh 103 1.63

West Bengal 157 2.49

Total 6299 100.00Source: Ministry of Labour, Standing Note on the Limestone and Dolomite Mines Welfare

Fund. Directorate General, Labour Welfare

4

Ownership Pattern of Limestone Mines

It may be noted in Table 1.3 that out of the total 664Limestone Mines, only 7.53 per cent were in the Public Sectorwhile the rest majority was in the Private Sector (92.46).(see Fig 1.3) .

Table 1.3: Distribution of Limestone Mines by Sectors :1994-95

Sector No. %Public Sector 50 7.53Private Sector 614 92.46Total 664 100.00

Source: Ministry of Labour, Standing Note on the Limestone and Dolomite Mines WelfareFund. Directorate General, Labour Welfare

Fig1.2

Average Daily Employment in LSMs by States

(1994-95)

160

693 584

79

3519

134

839

31 103 157

0

500

1000

15002000

2500

3000

3500

4000

AndhraPra

deshBih

ar

Gujarat

Karnata

ka

Madhya Pradesh

Maharashtra

Orissa

Rajasthan

Uttar Pra

desh

West Bengal

State

Aver

age

daily

empl

oym

ent

Fig1.3

Distribution of Limestone Mines by Sectors:

(1994-95)7 .5 3 %

9 2 .4 7 %

Public Sector

Private Sector

Source : Ministry of Labour, Standing Note on the Limestone and Dolomite MinesWelfare Fund. Directorate General, Labour Welfare

5

Production of Lime Stone

The figures in Table 1.4 present the picture of production oflimestone in 1994-95. It may be observed that the productionwas highest in Madhya Pradesh (28.11), followed by AndhraPradesh (18.18), Rajasthan (10.92), Gujarat (9.06), and soon. Together these districts accounted for more than 66 percentshare of the total production (see Fig 1.4).

Table 1.4:Annual Production in LSMs by State

State Production Percentage(In metric tones)

Andhra Pradesh 17,068 18.18Arunachal Pradesh 2 0.002Assam 363 0.38Bihar 1,330 1.41Gujarat 8,508 9.06Haryana 290 0.30Himachal Pradesh 2,452 2.61Jammu & Kashmir 70 0.07Karnataka 8,012 8.53Kerala 422 0.44Madhya Pradesh 26,391 28.11Maharashtra 6,190 6.59Meghalaya 272 0.28Orissa 2,214 2.35Rajasthan 10,257 10.92Tamil Nadu 7,799 8.30Uttar Pradesh 1,567 1.69



6

Table 1.5: Distribution of Dolomite Mines by states:1994-95

State Number of Mines PercentageAndhra Pradesh 1 0.84Bihar 1 0.84Gujarat 30 25.42Karnataka 3 2.54Madhya Pradesh 63 53.38Maharashtra 6 5.08Orissa 6 5.08Rajasthan 6 5.08Uttar Pradesh 1 0.84West Bengal 1 0.84 Total 118 100.00

Dolomite Mines

In 1994-95, the total number of dolomite mines in thecountry was 118. Out the total, the preponderance of thesemines could be found in Madhya Pradesh (53.38), followed byGujarat (25.42). Of the total, more than 78 percent mineswere located in these two states (see Table 1.5). (Fig 1.5)

Fig. 1.4

Annual Production in LSDM by State

18.18

0.0020.38 1.41

9.06

0.32.61

0.07

8.53

0.44

28.11

6.59

0.282.35

10.928.3

1.690

5

10

15

20

25

30

Andhra

Prades

h

Aru

nachal

Prades

h

Ass

amBih

ar

Guja

rat

Har

yana

Him

achal

Prades

h

Jam

mu

&Kas

hmir

Kar

natak

a

Ker

ala

Mad

hyaPra

desh

Mah

aras

htra

Meg

halay

a

Oris

sa

Raj

asth

an

Tam

ilNad

u

Uttar

Prades

h

State

Pro

du

ctio

n(Q

uan

tity

)


7

Table1.6 Distribution of dolomite mines by Public andPrivate Sector

Sector No %Public Sector 8 6.78Private Sector 110 93.22Total 118 100.00

Fig. 1.5

Distributing Dolomite by states: (1994-95)

1 1

30

3

63

6 6 61 1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Andhr

aPra

desh

Bihar

Gujar

at

Karna

taka

Mad

hya

Prade

sh

Mah

aras

htra

Oris

sa

Rajas

than

Utta

r Prade

sh

Wes

t Ben

gal

State

Nu

mb

er

of

min

es

Ownership of Dolomite Mines

The dolomite mines are owned by the public and the privatesector. It can be seen that in 1994-95 out of the total dolomitemines, 6.78 percent were in the public sector while theoverwhelming proportion (93.22) was in the private sector(Table 1.6).


8

Employment

In 1994-95, the average daily employment in dolomitemine was 6299 (see Fig 1.7). Out of the total, Madhya Pradeshhad the highest share of employment, i.e. it worked out to bemore than half of the total employment in the country (55.86),followed by Orissa (13.31), Bihar (11.00) and Gujarat (9.27).In other states the employment was negligible (see Table 1.7).

Table 1.7: Average daily employment in Dolomite minesby States: 1994-95

State Average daily Percentageemployment employment

Andhra Pradesh 160 2.54

Bihar 693 11.00

Gujarat 584 9.27

Karnataka 79 1.25

Madhya Pradesh 3519 55.86

Maharashtra 134 2.12

Orissa 839 13.31

Rajasthan 31 0.49

Uttar Pradesh 103 1.63

West Bengal 157 2.49



9

Production of Dolomite

The figures in Table 1.8 show that the quantity of dolomiteproduced in 1994-95 was highest in Orissa (39.36), followedby Madhya Pradesh (25.40). Together these two states producedmore than 64 per cent of the total quantity. There are threemore states where dolomite production in 1994-95 was 6.19,7.55, and 7.90 per cent of the total production in AndhraPradesh, Bihar and Gujarat respectively (Fig. 1.7).

Limestone and Dolomite Mines Labour Welfare Fund

The Welfare Fund was created by an Act of Parliament in1972, on 2nd December, to “provide for levy and collection of acess on limestone and dolomite for the financing of activities topromote the welfare of persons employed in the limestone anddolomite mines.” The Act is known as the Limestone andDolomite Mines Labour Welfare Act, 1972 (Act No.62 of 1972).The Act came into force on 1st December, 1973. The Actstipulates: “The fund shall be applied by the Central Governmentto meet the expenditure incurred in connection with measureswhich, in the opinion of that government, are necessary orexpedient to promote the welfare of persons employed in thelimestone or dolomite mines; and in particular –

Fig 1.7

Average Daily Employment in Dolomite by States

(1994-95)

160

693 584

79

3519

134

839

31 103 157

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

AndhraPra

deshBihar

Gujarat

Karnata

ka

Madhya Pradesh

Maharashtra

Orissa

Rajasthan

Uttar Pra

desh

West Bengal

State

Ave

rage

Dai

lyEm

plom

ent

10

(a) to defray the cost of measures for the benefit of personsemployed in the limestone or dolomite mines directedtowards-

(i) the improvement of public health and sanitation, theprevention of disease and the provision andimprovement of medical facilities;

(ii) the provision and improvement of water supplies andfacilities for washing;

(iii) the provisions and improvement of educationalfacilities; and

(iv) the improvement of standards of living includinghousing and nutrition, the amelioration of socialconditions and the provision of recreational facilities;

(b) to grant loan or subsidy to a State Government, a localauthority or the owner of a limestone or dolomite mine,in aid of any scheme approved by the Central Governmentfor any purpose connected with the welfare of personsemployed in limestone or dolomite mines;

(c) to pay annually grants-in-aid to such of the owners oflimestone or dolomite mines who provide to the satisfactionof the Central Government welfare facilities of theprescribed standard for the benefit of person employed intheir mines, so, however, that the amount payable asgrants-in-aid to any such owner shall not exceed –

(i) the amount spent by him in the provision of welfarefacilities as determined by the Central Governmentor any person specified by it in this behalf, or

(ii) such amount as may be prescribed,

whichever is less:

Provided that no grant-in-aid shall be payable in respect

11

of any welfare facilities provided by the owner of a limestoneor dolomite mine where the amount spent thereon determinedas ‘aforesaid is less than the amount prescribed in this behalf;

(d) to meet the allowances, if any, of themembers of the Advisory Committees and theCentral Advisory Committee constituted under Secs.6 and 7, respectively and the salaries and allowances,if any, of persons appointed under Sec.8;”

Limestone and Dolomite Workers

The Welfare Fund Act defines workers in its own way.According to the Act:

(a) a person is said to be employed in a limestone or dolomitemine:-

(1) If, he is employed within the premises or in thevicinity of such mine by the owner, agent or managerof such mine or by a contractor or any other agencyexclusively in any one or more of the following,namely:

(i) any limestone or dolomite mining operation;

(ii) the operation, servicing, maintenance or repair ofany machinery or any part thereof used in or aboutsuch mine;

(iii) the loading, unloading or despatch of limestone ordolomite or any other material connected with themining of limestone or dolomite;

(iv) any work in any office, canteen or creche situatedwithin the precincts of such mine;

(v) any welfare, health, sanitary or conservancy servicesor any watch and ward duties at any place situatedwithin such premises or vicinity, not being a placeoccupied by any residential building, or

12

(2) if, in any such area as may be notified by the CentralGovernment in the official Gazette in this behalf, heis employed by the owner, agent or manager of suchmine or by a contractor or any other agencyexclusively in the loading, unloading or despatch oflimestone or dolomite or any other materialconnected with the mining of limestone or dolomite;

(e) “prescribed” means prescribed by rules made underthis Act.

Collection Cess

The Act lays rules for levy and collection of cess. Atpresent the rate of cess levied is Rs.1.00 per metric ton, witheffect from 27.12.2000.

The fund thus collected is spent on various welfare activitiescarried out by the Labour Welfare Organisation.

Revenue and Expenditure under the Fund

The figures in Table I.9 show that in 1976-77, the totalincome was Rs.0.71 crores which rose to 9.53 crores in 2000-01. During the corresponding year the expenditure was Rs.0.40 crores and 5.90 crores (Fig1.8). However, the reserveamount during these years was very high – it was 1.11 croresin 1976-77 and 25.82 crores in 2000-01 (for details pl. seeTable 1.9).

Table 1.9: Income, expenditure and reserve and LSDMFund

(Rs. in lakhs)

Year Income Expenditure Balance1976-77 71.00 40.55 111.181977-78 37.33 34.73 113.781978-79 70.31 53.20 130.89

contd...

13

1979-80 66.88 49.25 148.521980-81 73.69 41.31 180.901981-82 66.61 41.33 206.181982-83 61.78 45.72 222.241983-84 111.58 59.97 273.851984-85 125.19 80.28 318.761985-86 71.01 106.94 282.831986-87 170.00 131.23 321.601987-88 113.34 158.86 276.081988-89 253.54 159.15 370.471989-90 401.49 162.54 609.421990-91 459.99 142.44 926.971991-92 429.99 237.36 1119.601992-93 389.52 215.18 1293.941993-94 489.53 264.92 1518.551994-95 532.05 275.83 1774.771995-96 556.17 322.59 2008.351996-97 559.22 334.68 2232.891997-98 586.84 413.17 2819.73

Contd…from prepage

Fig. 1.8

Income, Expenditure and reserve and LSDM

111.18 180.9282.83

926.97

2819.73

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1976-77 1980-81 1985-86 1990-91 1997-98

Year

Inco

me,

Exp

en

dit

ure

,B

ala

nce

Income

Expenditure

Balance


14

Welfare Schemes

For the limestone and dolomite mines workers, a number ofwelfare schemes are operated under the following categories:

(i) Health

(ii) Housing

(iii) Education

(iv) Recreation

(v) Water supply

Under each of the category of scheme, several sub-schemes arealso operated. The details are given as below:

Health

1. Scheme for reservation of beds in T.B. Hospitals.

2. Scheme for treatment of mine workers suffering frommental diseases.

3. Scheme for treatment of mine workers suffering fromleprosy.

4. Scheme for Domicialiary treatment of mine workerssuffering from T.B.

5. Maternity benefit scheme for female mine workers.

6. Re-imbursement of actual cost of treatment to mine workerssuffering from Cancer.

7. Grant of financial Assistance to mine workers for purchaseof spectacles.

8. Scheme for payment of extra monetary compensation forsterilisation to mine workers.

9. Re-imbursement of expenditure as financial assistance tomine workers in respect of heart diseases.

15

10. Re-imbursement of expenditure as financial assistance tomine workers in respect of kidney transplantation

11. Scheme for payment of compensation in case of fatal andserious accident to mine workers.

12. Scheme for providing artificial limbs to mine workers.

13. Grant-in-aid to Iron Ore and Limestone & Dolomite MinesManagements for purchase of Ambulance Vans.

Housing

1. Financial assistance to mines management for constructionof low cost type-I and type-II houses for mine workersnear work site.

2. Build Your Own House Scheme: Interest free loan andsubsidy to mine workers for construction of their ownhouses.

Education

1. Award of Scholarship to School/College going childrenof mine workers.

2. Composite Scheme for Financial Assistance to the Schoolgoing children of mine workers for supply of one set ofdress, slates, note books and text books.

3. Assistance to mine owners for running Central Library.

4. Assistance for purchase of School buses to the minemanagements.

5. Assistance to the mine managements for maintenance oflibraries

6. Mid-day meals scheme.

7. Payment of incentives on passing final University/Boardexaminations from High School onwards.

16

8. Scheme to provide incentive/financial assistance of Rs.1/- to female children of mine workers, on the basis ofattendance in schools.

Recreation

1. Organising sports, social cultural activities for mine workers.

2. Scheme to provide buses for transportation of mineworkers.

3. Establishment of Audio Visual /Cinema Vans/Exhibitionof films.

4. Excursion-cum-study tours.

5. Supply of T.V. sets,

6. Setting up of Multipurpose Institutes/Develop MultipurposeInstitutes.

7. Setting up of Welfare Centres

8. Grants to M.P.Is/D.M.P.Is/Welfare Centres

9. Sports Grounds

10. Holiday Homes

Water Supply

1. Financial assistance to small mine owners for sinking ofwells.

2. Financial assistance to small mine owners for execution ofwater supply scheme.

3. Financial assistance to big mines management for executionof water supply scheme.

17

Dispensaries

The dispensaries are the major agencies through whichmost of the welfare activities are carried out for the LSDMworkers in the country. The distribution of the dispensaries inthe countries could be seen in Table 1.10. It shows that thereare six-type of dispensaries/hospitals maintained by the LabourWelfare Organisations in the country. There are 8 static-cum-mobile dispensaries, 3 static dispensaries, another 10 mobilemedical dispensaries and 13 ayurvedic dispensaries.

There are also one maternity and Child Welfare Centreat Bhubaneshwar . In addition, there is one 30-beded CentralHospital in Bhilwara, Rajasthan.

Table 1.10: Region-wise Dispensaries/Hospitals & DailyAverage Attendance Under Limestone &Dolomite Mines Labour Welfare Fund

Sl. Dispensaries/ Hyder- Jabalpur Bhuba- Bhil- Allhd Nagpur TotalNo.Hospitals/ abad neshwar wara

Region

1. Static-cum- 1 4 - 3 - - - 8

Mobile

Dispensariesi) No. of - - - - - - - -

Doctors:

ii) Average 91 31 - 55 - - - 59

DailyAttendance:

2. Static - - - 1 - 1 - 3

Dispensaries:

i) No. of - - - - - - - -Doctors:

ii) Average - - - 62 - 15 - 8.50

Daily

Attendance

contd...

18

3. Mobile 1 - 1 5 2 1 - 10MedicalDispensaries:

i) No. of 77 - - - - - - 77Doctors:

ii) Average - - 99 71 44 - - 71DailyAttendance

4. Ayurvedic - 6 - 6 - - 1 13Dispensary:

i) No. of - - - - - - - -Doctors:

ii) Average - 11 - 17 - - 17 15DailyAttendance

5. Maternity- - - 1 - - - - 1cum-Child

i) Welfare - - - - - - - -Centre:No. ofDoctors:

ii) Average - - 19 - - - - 19DailyAttendance

6. Central - - - 1 - - - 1Hospital(30 beds)

i) No. of - - - - - - - -Doctors:

ii) Average - - - 6 - - - 6DailyAttendance


19

Physical and Financial Achievements

In Table 1.11, a scheme-wise picture presents the physicaland financial achievement during period of five years between1993-94 and 1997-98.

Health : It may be observed that under Health Scheme, thenumber of patients treated varied between 2.79 lakh in 1993-94 and 3.22 lakh in 1997-98. Correspondingly, expenditurealso increased. Achievements in other schemes could be seenin the table.

Education: Under Education Scheme, the achievement levelshad been quite substantial both in physical and financial termsfor two sub-schemes, namely; (i) grants of scholarship to children,and (ii) supply of one set of uniform/text books, etc.Achievements of other schemes could be seen in the table.

Recreation: There has been noticeable increase in variousactivities under different recreation schemes. For example,organisation of social, cultural and sport activities and exhibitionof films, etc. continued to remain the same during the periodunder review here.

Table 1. 11: Statement showing the physicalachievements during last five years inrespect of Limestone & Dolomite MinesLabour Welfare fund

Sl. Name of 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1977-98No. the Scheme

I Health 278986 339003 350218 334531 3229211. Patients

treatedin disp.

2. Grant in 51 51 55 48 76aid formaintenanceof standarddispensaries

contd...

20

3. Treatment 2 3 1 7 -of mineworkersfor cancer

4. Procurement 1 4 - 4 3of AmbulanceVan

5. Bed 24 24 24 28 61occupationin T.B.Hospitals

6. Domiciliary 30 31 33 14 4treatmentto T.B.patients

7. Fatal & 7 8 5 7 3serious.accidentcases

8. Leprosy - 1 - - -ReliefScheme

9. Grant in 1 2 - - - aid tominemanagementsfor HospitalEquipments

10. Purchase - - 2 - 128of spectacles

II Education11. Grants of 4535 5411 5319 4868 5711

scholarshipto children

12. Supply of 2538 3923 5871 5986 6364one set ofuniform/textbooks etc.

21

13. Grant of 1 1 1 - -School Bus

14. Grants to 1 3 1 1 5Libraries

15. Percentage - - 79 42 127Incentive

16. Attendance - - - 896 1081Incentive

III Recreation17. Organisation 56 70 34 39 40

of social,cultural &sportsactivities

18. Exhibition 172 145 118 139 22of Films

19. Supply of 4 9 2 4 3T.V. sets

20. Workers - 56 - 148 20visitingHolidayHomes

21. Grant of 11 6 4 4 -sportsmaterialto minemanagements

22. Grant to 1 1 1 1 1WelfareCentres

IV Housing 117 155 - 94 12423. BYOHS*

(Loan)

24. BYOHS 24 102 - 52 60(Subsidy)

25. Group. - - 132 - 2HousingScheme

*BYOHS: Build your own Housescheme

22

26. Type I 188 138 90 - -Housing.Scheme

27. Type II 170 98 181 186 99HousingScheme

28. Housing - - - - 96for EWS*

V Water SupplyScheme

29. Well Sunks - - 2 2 -

Table 1.12: Statement showing the financialachievements during last five years in respect oflimestone & dolomite mines labour welfare fund

Sl. Name of 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1977-98No. the Scheme

I Health1. Patients 1453 1840 1785 1276 2566

treatedin disp.

Housing : Under Limestone and Dolomite Mines WelfareFund, the progress of different housing schemes has been quitenoticeable as could be seen in Table 1.11. For instance, underBuild Your Own House Scheme (BYOHS) loan, the numberhad increased from 117 in 1993-94 to 124 in 1997-98.Similar trend could be observed in respect of other types ofhousing schemes also.

Water Supply : It may be seen in the table that under watersupply scheme the achievement was, however, not very tangible.

*Ecconomically werker sections

contd...

23

2. Grant in 2910 2870 3965 2934 6861aid formaintenanceof standarddispensaries

3. Treatment 13 11 12 19 -of mineworkersfor cancer

4. Procurement 75 277 - 297 120of AmbulanceVan

5. Bed 11 37 22 17 8occupationin T.B.Hospitals

6. Domiciliary 13 12 15 8 6treatmentto T.B.patients

7. Fatal & 16 21 7 35 4seriousaccidentcases

8. Leprosy - 1 - - -ReliefScheme

9. Grant 13 131 - - -in aid tominemanagementsfor HospitalEquipments

10. Purchase - - - - 9of spectacles

II Education11. Grants of 1913 2323 2211 1918 2239

scholarshipto children

24

12. Supply of 321 497 634 749 799one set ofuniform/text books etc.

13. Grant of 125 191 2 - -School Bus

14. Grants to 2 6 2 2 13 Libraries

15. Percentage - - 38 19 58Incentive

16. Attendance - - - 183 285 Incentive

III Recreation17. Organisation 138 125 98 131 108

of social,cultural& sportsactivities

18. Exhibition 446 381 330 178 176of Films

19. Supply of 48 60 20 40 30T.V. sets

20. Workers - 12 - 34 5visitingHolidayHomes

21. Grant of 27 21 31 18 -sportsmaterialto minemanagements

22. Grant to 6 15 15 15 15WelfareCentres

IV Housing23. BYOHS 234 467 - 568 750

(Loan)

25

24. BYOHS 53 101 - 156 189(Subsidy)

25. Group - - 396 - 10HousingScheme

26. Type I 1890 1465 1660 - -HousingScheme

27. Type II 1345 197 1365 2658 1794HousingScheme

28. Housing - - - - 1152for EWS

Water SupplySchemeWell Sunks - - 500 21 -

Composition of Central Advisory CommitteeAdvisory Committee and sub-committee

The operation of Welfare Fund is carried out through thedirections and decisions made by the Central AdvisoryCommittees and state Advisory committes and sub-committees. The details of various aspects of the formation and operationof the committees are given here :

(1) (a) The Central Advisory Committees shall consist ofthe following persons, to be appointed by the CentralGovernment, namely:

(i) The Labour Minister, Minister of State in the Ministryof Labour or the Deputy Labour Minister shall bethe Chairman;

(ii) An officer of the Central Government who shall bethe Vice-Chairman, ex-officio;


26

(iii) All Limestone & Dolomite Mines WelfareCommissioners, ex-officio;

(iv) Such number of persons to represent the owners ofLimestone and Dolomite Mines as are equal innumber to the aggregate to those provided in sub-clauses (ii) and (iii) to be appointed, after consultationwith such organisations, if any, of the owners asmay be recognised by the Central Government.

(v) Such number of persons to represent the personsemployed in Limestone and Dolomite Mines as areequal in number of those provided in sub-clause (iv)to be appointed, after consultation with suchorganisations, if any, of the persons employed, asmay be recognised by the Central Government;

(vi) A woman, if no woman has been appointed undersub-clause (iv).

(a) An officer of the Central Government shall be theSecretary of the Central Advisory Committee andshall be entitled to attend and take part in themeetings of the Committee, but shall not be entitledto vote.

(2) (a) Each Advisory Committee constituted under section6 shall consist of the following persons, to beappointed by the Central Government, namely;

(i) the Chairman;

(ii) an officer called the Limestone and Dolomite MinesWelfare Commissioner, who shall be the Vice-Chairman, ex-officio;

(iii) one representative of the Central Government, ex-officio;

(iv) a member of the Legislative Assembly appointed inconsultation with the Government of the Stateconcerned;

27

(v) two persons to represent the owners of theLimestone and Dolomite Mines, to be appointed afterconsultation with the organisations of the owners, ifany, as may be recognised by the CentralGovernment;

(vi) two persons to represent the persons employed inthe Limestone and Dolomite Mines, to be appointedafter consultation with the organisations of thepersons employed, if any, as may be recognised bythe Central Government;

(vii) a woman if no woman has been appointed undersub-clause (vi).

(b) An officer of the Limestone and Dolomite MinesLabour Welfare Organisation of the State or Statesconcerned, shall be the Secretary of the AdvisoryCommittee and shall be entitled to attend and takepart in the meetings of the Committee, but shall notbe entitled to vote.

Research Methodology

The survey was conducted in Mehgaon dispensaryjurisdiction located in Kaymore Block of Katni district, MadhyaPradesh. The Mehgaon Welfare Commission Dispensary islocated at a distance of 40 km. from Katni District Headquarters.

A list of beneficiaries of various schemes were procuredfrom the Labour Welfare Organisation, Jabalpur, MadhyaPradesh. From the list of the beneficiaries of various schemes124 beneficiaries were randomly selected. A household schedulewas canvassed to elicit information from the head of thehouseholds of mine workers.

In addition we also surveyed 45 households of lime kilnsworkers. The purpose was to bring into light their living andworking conditions and envisage some schemes for education

28

and health care for them. The findings have been appended intabular forms in this report.

Apart from this, meetings were held with officials of LabourDepartment, employers, management staff and panchayatmember to get information which have been used in the reportto bring into perspective the process of operation of the welfarefund.

29

CHAPTER II

Patterns and Trends of Progress under LSDM

The Limestone and Dolomite Welfare Fund has been inoperation since 1973. Since its inception a large number ofworkers in different areas of Madhya Pradesh and ChattisgarhState have benefited. Here we have made an attempt to presentthe pattern and trends of the progress of the Fund in bothMadhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh State. The progress reportcovers a period of eleven years from 1992 to 2001-02. Theprogress of each scheme has been separately dealt. The mainpurpose of this attempt is to recapitulate the past programmeof the LSDM welfare Fund and to get an idea of how this trendcould affect the future course of action of the fund.

Housing Scheme

Under the fund, financial assistance is provided to eligible LSDMworkers. Table 2.1 presents a picture of achievement underhousing scheme for LSDM workers during the period between1991-92 and 2001-02. It may be observed in the table thatduring this period the total number of houses constructed was546. Except in 2000-01, the number of houses constructedwas highest in the earliere years i.e. 2000-01. The figure was170, which accounted for 77.08 per cent increase over theprevious year, in 1997-98 (Fig.2.1).

It was observed during the study that though majority ofthe workers do not have any house of their own yet due to lackof identity cards and land the bulk of the workers could notbenefit from the scheme ( see fig. 2.1).

30

Table 2.1 Distribution of beneficiaries of LSDM: HousingScheme

Year No of Growth Amount Growthbeneficiaries (%) Sanctioned (%)

1991-921992-93 40 8900001993-941994-95 48 20 14400001995-96 96 100 2880000 501996-97 96 1728000 -66.661997-98 96 1152000 -501998-991999-002000-01 170 77.08 3400002001-02Total 546

Source: Labour Welfare Organisation, Jabalpur, 2003

Source : Labour welfare organisation, Jabalpur Region.

Fig.2.1

Distribution of beneficiaries of LSDM by Year: Housing

Scheme

40 48

96 96 96

170

0

50

100

150

200

1991

-92

1992

-93

1993

-94

1994

-95

1995

-96

1996

-97

1997

-98

1998

-99

1999

-00

2000

-01

2001

-02

Year

No

of

be

ne

fic

iari

es

31

Water Supply Scheme

The figures in Table 2.2 with regard to water supply show thatonly three mines were benefited during the period of elevenyears under review. For instance, in 1992-93, 1993-94 and2001-02 one each project was completed under this scheme.The cost of each project, year wise, have also been given in thetable. It appears that not much has been done to enhance thewater supply works for LSDM workers.

During our study it was found that in and around the habitationof the workers, water scarcity was quite high.

Table2.2 Distribution of beneficiaries by year: WaterSupply Scheme


1991-921992-93 1 488291993-94 1 0 49804 1.951994-951995-961996-971997-981998-991999-002000-012001-02 1 51536Total 3

Source : Labour welfare organisation, Jabalpur Region.

32

Education Scheme: Scholarship

The figures in Table 2.3 show that except some years, forexample, in 1992-93 and 1999-00 when the figures were alltime low, in other years, it varied between 121 and 784. Theamount sanctioned during the years are also given in the table.It appears that the scholarship beneficiaries have been highlyuneven in different years. It does not follow any pattern. This isdue partly to the fact that there were not many beneficiariesand partly to the fact that scholarship amount was meant forstudents with higher percentage of marks in the final examination(Fig.2.2).

Table2.3 Distribution of beneficiaries by Year:Scholarship


1991-92 309 70770

1992-93 83 -272.29 29120 -143.02

1993-94 784 89.41 312700 90.68

1994-95 570 -37.54 232650 -34.40

1995-96 404 -41.08 158100 -47.15

1996-97 213 -89.67 79000 -100.12

1997-98 121 -76.03 52200 -51.34

1998-99 197 38.57 90700 42.44

1999-00 35 -462.85 13100 -592.36

2000-01 436 91.97 187750 93.02

2001-02 454 3.96 113500 -65.41

Total 3606


33

Fig.2.2

Distribution of beneficiaries by Year: Scholarship

309

83

784

570

404

213121

197

35

436 454

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1991-

92

1992-

93

1993-

94

1994-

95

1995-

96

1996-

97

1997-

98

1998-

99

1999-

00

2000-

01

2001-

02

Year

No

of

be

ne

fic

iari

es

Uniform/ Text Book Scheme

Table 2.4 shows that except a few years the number ofbeneficiaries was not very high. For example, the number was509 in 1995-96 and 685 in 2000-01; it was little lower inyears 1993-94, 1994-95 and 1996-97. Except these years itwas very low in all the years. Similarly the amount sanctionedunder the scheme was also not very much. It was Rs 200 in1991-92. It went up beyond 1 lakh only once during the reviewperiod. It was highest at Rs 1,71, 250, in 2000-01.

Table2.4 Distribution of beneficiaries by year: Uniform/Text Books scheme


1991-92 4 200

1992-93 2 -100 100 -100

1993-94 440 99.54 55000 99.82

1994-95 451 2.43 56375 2.44

1995-96 509 11.39 63625 11.39contd..


34

1996-97 453 -12.36 56625 -12.36

1997-98 213 -112.67 26625 -112.68

1998-99 196 -8.67 24500 -8.67

1999-00 188 -4.26 21000 -16.67

2000-01 685 72.55 171250 87.74

2001-02 124 -452.42 52188 -228.14

Total 3265

Fig.2.3

Distribution of beneficiaries by Year

Uniform/Text Books

4 2

440 451 509 453

213 196 188

685

124

0

200

400

600

800

1991

-92

1992

-93

1993

-94

1994

-95

1995

-96

1996

-97

1997

-98

1998

-99

1999

-00

2000

-01

2001

-02

Year

No

of

ben

efi

cia

ries

Protshan Yojna

Table2.5 shows that there was no existence of the schemein1996-97. It was initiated in 1996-97 and there were onlytwo beneficiaries in this year. It increased to eleven in the nexttwo years, but came down to one in 1999-00. The table alsoshows that the number of beneficiaries increased in recent years.But it was not very high. Only 106 beneficiaries could takeadvantage under this scheme. The figure given in the table alsoshows that sanctioned amount has also increased as the numberof beneficiaries increased (Fig. 2.4).



35

Table 2.5 Distribution of beneficiaries by Year: Protsahan Yojna

Year No of Growth Amount Growth Amountbeneficiaries (%) Sanctioned (%) per

candidate

1991-92

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96 250

1996-97 2 500

1997-98 5 60 3155 84.15 631

1998-99 11 54.55 2275 -36.68 206.81

1999-00 1 -1000 525 -333.33 525

2000-01 32 96.88 16126 96.74 503.93

2001-02 106 69.81 103320 84.39 974.47

Total 157

Fig. 2.4

Distribution of beneficiaries by Year: Protsahan Yojna

2 5 11 1

32

106

0

50

100

150

1991-

92

1992-

93

1993-

94

1994-

95

1995-

96

1996-

97

1997-

98

1998-

99

1999-

00

2000-

01

2001-

02

Year

No

of

ben

efi

cia

rie

s


36

Attendance Yojna

Table 2.6 shows that there was not a single person who couldtake the benefit under the scheme from 1991-92 to 1995-96.Only in 1996-97, six persons were benefited under the scheme.But this did not increase in the next few years. The number ofbeneficiaries went down again from three in 1997-98 to nil in1999-00.

The Highest number of beneficiaries was in 2000-01. Similarlythe amount sanctioned in 1996-97 was Rs 1190 which droppedto nil in 1999-00 but again increased to Rs 34,327, as thenumber of beneficiaries in 2000-01 went up (Fig. 2.5)

Table 2.6 Distribution of beneficiaries by year:Attendance Yojna


1991-92

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97 6 1190

1997-98 3 -100 603 -97.35

1998-99 1 -200 368 -63.86

1999-00

2000-01 82 34327

2001-02 26 -215.38 25620 -33.99

Total 118Source: Labour Welfare Organisation, Jabalpur, 2003

37

Distribution of beneficiaries by Year: Attendance Yojna

6 3 1

82

26

0

20

40

60

80

100

1991-

92

1992-

93

1993-

94

1994-

95

1995-

96

1996-

97

1997-

98

1998-

99

1999-

00

2000-

01

2001-

02

Year

No

of

be

ne

fic

iari

es

Mini Bus Scheme for School Children

Since the mineworkers mostly live in difficult terrain wheresometimes schools are absents a provision to provide minibus toschool children has been kept in the Welfare Fund for LSDMworkers.

Table 2.7 shows that there are only five Organisations, whichhave benefited under this scheme since 1991-92, and the totalamount sanctioned is Rs 5,85,000, till now. The number ofbenefited institutions were three in 1993-94 and two in1994-95

Table2.7 Distribution of beneficiaries by year: Mini Busfor School Children


1991-92

1992-93

1993-94 3 335000

1994-95 2 -50 250000 -34

1995-96contd..


38

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02 0

Total 5

Health Schemes: TB

Figures given in Table 2.8 shows that only twenty persons arebenefited under the T.B. treatment scheme. We can assumethat according to the figures given here, it is not a very effectivescheme. It was observed in Mehgaon dispensary area duringour study that there are a lot of patients suffering from T.B. andare in a bad shape due to lack of treatment. For instance, it wasfound that an LSDM worker in the LSDM workers colonynamed Badari in Mehgaon dispensary area was not getting anymedical assistance. Most of the inhabitants here belong toScheduled Tribes and Schedules Castes. They are working innearby mines and stone quarries. Their livelihood is only miningworks. Besides this, they collect woods from the nearly junglewhich is not too much here. Though they work here in all, theseasons but their names do not figure in the companies registers.They work throughout the year in different mines through thecontractors, and are paid very low wages because they do nothave any other source of living.

Somali Adiwasi is such a worker who has been working as amine worker since his adolescence. He had spend almost his30 years as a mine worker. Seven years ago he suddenly fell ill,which he thought to be simple fever. He took treatment fromthe ojhas and the local doctors. But it did not help him much.


39

His sickness increased with time and now he is bedridden. Thoughhe is only 50 years old but he looks above 80 years. The adiwasibasti is hardly 3-4 Kms from the dispensary and situated on themain road. But Samali could not come to the dispensary. Thereason for not coming for treatment was not his liking or anyother thing but only lack of his awareness about the existenceof the Dispensary in Mehagaon. Nobody knows anything aboutthe dispensary and the welfare schemes in this colony. WhenSomali was contacted he was found laying on his bed withoutany response. When he was encouraged to talk he said, “KaJanab bai, jaldi chhutkara mili jai bus ” (Death should relieve mefrom my suffering)

Table 2.8 Distribution of beneficiaries by year: Health


1991-92

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98 2 4500

1998-99 2 0 4500 0

1999-00 1 -100 2250 -100

2000-01 6 83.33 13550 83.39

2001-02 9 33.33 36325 62.70

Total 20 61125Source: Labour Welfare Organisation, Jabalpur, 2003

40

Grant in Aid for Standard Dispensary/Hospital

The figure given in Table 2.9 shows the number of Institutionsbenefited under the Grant-in–aid for static dispensaries /hospitalsand the amount sanctioned to them in various years. It can beseen that fluctuation in a number benefited institutions was notvery much. It went up in some year but went down the verynext year ,i.e it was 14 in the year 1993-94 and 1994-95,which increased a little or went upto 15 in 1995-96, butdecreased in 1996-97. The highest number of benefited bodieswere 16 and it was 3 during the years 1997-98, 1999-00,and 2001-02. The data also shows the amount released underthe scheme, which also increased and decreased. Data also showthat the amount released in different years for the same numberof institutions was not same, i.e. the number of benefitedorganizations were 14 in 1993-94 and 1994-95, but theamount released was 1302599 and 11,57,476, likewise thenumber was 16 in 1997-98, 1999-00, and 2001-02 but thereleased amount was 1,3 1,0263, 1,52, 9396 and 13, 08,133, which is very much different from each other.

Table 2.9 Distribution of beneficiaries by year: Health(Grant in aid for Std. Dispensary/ Hospital)


1991-92 891134

1992-93 889261 -0.21

1993-94 14 1302599 31.73

1994-95 14 0 1157476 -12.54

1995-96 15 6.67 1247651 7.23

1996-97 12 -25 1198877 -4.07

1997-98 16 25 1310263 8.50

contd..

41

1998-99 14 -14.29 1237418 -5.89

1999-00 16 12.50 1529396 19.09

2000-01 14 -14.29 1282107 -19.29

2001-02 16 12.50 1308133 1.99

Total 131

Fig. 2.6

Distribution of beneficiaries by Year: Health

14 14 1512

1614

1614

16

05

1015

20

1991-

92

1992-

93

1993-

94

1994-

95

1995-

96

1996-

97

1997-

98

1998-

99

1999-

00

2000-

01

2001-

02

Year

No

of

ben

efi

cia

ries

Health Scheme: Fatal Accidental Cases

Data given in Table 2.10 show that a very little number oflabours benefited under this scheme. Only eight workers gotthe advantage of this scheme during the period of 11 years.The amount sanctioned is also very little and it was Rs 12000in 1992-93.

It was observed during our study in Kymore that mining worksare most hazardous. Small accidents are quite common andsometimes most serious accidents also occur during blasting,loading, stone breaking and driving in the mines. There are alot of such people who were injured and some of them had lostsome organs during mining works. For example, Sukhlal hadlost both his eyes during stone breaking. He is only 35 yearsold. Makholi Baba and Kodulal Adiwasi have also lost theirboth eyes. Another woman was a migrant labour in Goyenka


42

Limestone Company. One day she was injured most seriouslyduring deloading. The truck passed over her both legs. She washospitalized and an FIR was lodged but neither she got any helpfrom the state administration nor the mine owner. The doctorsfitted iron rods into her legs. But she does not have much moneythat she can go to hospital for further treatment. The rodsinfected her legs and she is not capable of doing any work.

Table2.10 Distribution of beneficiaries by year: Health(Fatal and Serious Accident Cases)


1991-92

1992-93 4 12000

1993-94 2 -100 3240 -270.3704

1994-95 2 0 2340 -38.46

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

Total 8


43

Recreation Scheme: Supply of TV Sets

Table 2.11 shows the number of T.V. sets and the amountsanctioned under the scheme. Only four organisations arebenefited in this scheme and only Rs 40000 has beensanctioned During the review period.

Table 2.11 Distribution of beneficiaries by year:Recreation (Supply of T.V. Sets)


1991-92 2 20000

1992-93 1 -100 10000 -100

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02 1 10000

Total 4

Recreation Scheme :Reimbursement of Film Hirecharges:

Figure given in Table 2.12 shows that a good starting has begunbut the efforts may not continue for long. So the number ed s .


44

For instance, it was 6 in the start of the decade i.e. in 1991-92. But it subsequently in the next year and came down to 4,which remain the same in 1993-94 and declined again in1994-95 to 2. It may also be seen that the amount sanctionedalso fluctuated according to its number.

Table 2.12 Distribution of beneficiaries by year :Recreation

(Reimbursement of film hire charges)


1991-92 6 89052

1992-93 4 -50 58144 -53.16

1993-94 4 0 34955 -66.34

1994-95 2 -100 31247 -11.87

1995-96 1 -100 20000 -56.24

1996-97 2 50 38450 47.98

1997-98 2 0 13800 -178.62

1998-99 1 -100 1350 -922.22

1999-00 2 50 20500 93.41

2000-01 0

2001-02 0

Total 24


45

Recreation Scheme: Social and Cultural Activities

Table 2.13 presents the picture of number of social and culturalactivities organised and amount sanctioned. The figures showthat 10 activities were organized in the years 1991-92 and1992-93. It was highest in 1997-98. Similarly the amountsanctioned was also not very attractive. It was highest in1997-98 which was Rs. 63,902

Table 2.13 Distribution of beneficiaries by year:Recreation

(Social and Cultural Activities)


1991-92 10 44425

1992-93 10 0 39952 -11.20

1993-94 10 0 51624 22.61

1994-95 7 -42.86 44855 -15.09

1995-96 6 -16.67 40430 -10.94

1996-97 7 14.29 43963 8.04

1997-98 11 36.36 63902 31.20

1998-99 7 -57.14 34792 -83.67

1999-00 7 0.00 30594 -12.40

2000-01 6 -16.67 54938 43.66

2001-02 6 0.00 61586 10.79

Total 87


46

CHAPTER III

The Process and Results

Introduction

In this chapter an attempt has been made to examine thetrends of application forms received, accepted and rejected duringthe period between 2001-02 and 2002-03. Because,performance of welfare fund depends on these criteria-first,reception of applications, second their acceptability and finallythe level of rejection. If the level of acceptance is higher thanthe rejection then the situation could be termed still viable. Forapplications are the only important medium through which fundis provided to the beneficiaries of respective schemes.

It could be seen in Table 3.1 that in 200-01, a total 1955applications for different schemes were received. Outs of thetotal, 1293 applications were accepted which constituted 66.13per cent. In 2001-02, 1773 applications were received. Outof the total, 1256 applications were accepted (70.84) whilethe rest were rejected on different grounds.

The table further shows that most of the schemes are notavailable the workers. For example, though diseases like T.B.,Cancer, Heart ailment, Kidney ailment, Leprosy and mentaldiseases are found prevalent in the area of the present andamong the workers, yet they did not receive any benefit fromthe welfare schemes on account of several limitations. And oneof the limiting factors was the lack of identity cards. This isevident from the fact that as not a single application was receivedfor all above schemes during the period under review here.Only recently i.e. in 2002-2003, some benefits were given tothe workers under maternity, sterilization and spectacle schemes.But the number of beneficiaries was very insignificant. However,the situation was found to be little better only for the scholarshipschemes.

47

Table 3.1 Scheme-wise, Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under LSDMWWF

S. Name of 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03No. the Scheme

Rec. Acc. Rej. Rec. Acc. Rej. Rec. Acc. Rej.

1 Reservationof beds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 Domiciliary 6 6 0 11 9 2 6 6 0Treatment *0.30 *0.46 *0.62 *0.71 *0.3 *0.26 *42.8

3 Reimbur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0sement forCancertreatment

4 Reimburse 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0of Heartdiseaseexpenses

5 Kidney 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0transplantationScheme

6 Monetary 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0Sterilization *0.04 *7.1Scheme

7 Maternity 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0Benefit *0.1 *21.4Scheme

8 Spectacles 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0Scheme *0.08 *14.2

9 Leprosy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0TreatmentScheme

10 Financial 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Assistancefor Mentaldisease

11 GIA for Std. 14 14 0 16 16 0 0 0 0Dispensaries *0.71 *1.08 *0.90 *1.27Services

12 Integrated 170 32 138 0 0 0 0 0 0Housing *8.69 *2.47 *21.1Scheme

Contd...

48

13 Financial 762 685 77 880 598 282 779 NA NAassistance *38.7 *52.9 *12.6 *49.6 *47.6 *55.7 *34.4forpurchasingdress, slatebooks etc.

14 Scholarship 674 436 238 600 477 123 965 NA NAfor School *34.4 *33.7 *35.9 *33.8 *37.9 *24.3 *42.6goingchildren(class Vonwards)

15 Attendance 217 82 135 195 124 71 396 NA NAScheme *11.0 *6.34 *20.3 *10.9 *9.8 *14.0 *17.4

16 Performance 106 32 74 53 25 28 109 NA NAbased *5.42 *2.47 *11.1 *2.98 *1.9 *5.5 *4.8ScholarshipScheme

17 Recreational 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0Scheme *0.05 *0.07(supply oft. v. sets)

18 Establishing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Audio-visualcinema vans/exhibition offilms

19 Recreational 6 6 0 6 6 0 2 2 0Scheme *0.30 *0.46 *0.33 *0.47 *0.08 *14.2(organisingspots/ games/cultural acti.)

Total No. of 1955 1293 662 1773 1256 506 2263 14 000Applications *100 *100 *100 *100 *100 *100 *100 *100

Percentage 100 66.1 33.8 100 70.8 28.5 100 0.61 000

out of total

*: Percentage out of totalSource: LabourWelfare Organisation, Jabalpur, 2003.

49

Table 3.2 shows that during the years under review here, not asingle worker found to have applied for the fund. But it wasfound during our survey that there were many workers whowere eligible for the above. But since, they did not possess anyidentity card, they failed to avail the opportunity.

Table 3.2 Year-wise number of application received,accepted and rejected under the reservationof beds scheme LSDMWWF

Status 2000 – 01 % 2001 - 02 % 2002 - 03 %Applications - - - - - -ReceivedApplications - - - - - -acceptedApplications - - - - - -

rejected

Source: Servey by the Institute

Domiciliary Treatment

Figure in Table 3.3 shows that six applications were received in2002-01. And all of them received benefit. The number ofapplications increased to 11 in the very next year. Out of 11, 9candidates could avail benefit. However, the number droppedin 2002-03 to six. From our observations in the field we couldconclude that through there were sizeable number of mineworkers who happened to be suffering from T.B. but could notreceive any benefit because of certain technical problems, forinstance tack of identity cards as we have noted earlier. As perthe LSDM Welfare Fund Act only the permanent workers aresupposed to be provided identity cards lack of which the contractlabourers could not avail this opportunity.

50

Table 3.3 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under the domiciliaryscheme LSDMWWF

Status 2000 – 01 % 2001 - 02 % 2002 - 03 %

Applications 6 100.00 11 100.00 6 100.00Received

Applications 6 100.00 9 81.81 6 100.00accepted

Applications - 2 18.18 - -rejected

Cancer Treatment Scheme

Table 3.4 shows that during the period under review here therewas no cases of cancer patient.

Table 3.4 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under the Cancerexpenditure reimburse scheme LSDMWWF


rejected

Heart disease

Data presented in Table 3.5 show that there was no applicationsent by any workers during the period under survey for thescheme. Though several workers were found to be sufferingfrom heart disease but yet they could not receive any treatmentdue to their weak economic conditions and lack of identity card.

Source: Servey by the Institute

51

For example, Ms. Ramiya Bai of village Amheta no.2 had beensuffering from heart ailment but she could not take expensivetreatment, because she worked as a stone breaker in nearbyGoyenka mine. There were some other workers who weresuffering from the disease, but they could not avail benefit becauseof lack of identification as Limestone mine workers.

Table 3.5 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under the Heart diseaseexpenditure scheme LSDMWWF


rejected

Kidney Transplantation

Table 3.6 shows that there was no case with kidney ailmentduring the period under review here.

There are however, instances, when people died withouttreatment. Vimla Devi who lives in village Amheta no.2 suffersfrom kidney ailment. Her husband Kaleram (mine worker) wasthe sole earning member of the family and his economiccondition was not well. A doctor advised them to take her foroperation without delay. Fortunately Kaleram has a littleagricultural land. So he sold it for his wife’s operation.Meanwhile, Mr. Kaleram’s family was pressurizing him to divorceVimla and go for a second marriage. When he did not yield totheir demand his mother and other family members tried to killVimla. But Kaleram saved her. His family went against its onlyson. They forced him to return the land. He promised to do so.

52

One day he narrated his problem to a state health worker, whoadvised him to apply for “ LSDM Welfare Fund Scheme”. Heapplied but his application form was rejected on the ground fornot taking prior permission from the Commissioner’s officebefore the treatment. Kaleram was feeling very helpless as hisultimate door of hope of getting some help seemed to havedried up. He struggling with both his family and also for hissubsistence. Sometimes he feet, he should follow the familydecision and divorce Vimla and go for a second marriage, whichperhaps would solve his all problems. It might happen anytime. Because they do not have any other source of living andmining work was also not available continuously. Ultimately,Vimla might die.

Table 3.6 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under the Kidneytransplantation expenditure reimbursementscheme LSDMWWF


rejected

Monetary benefit for Sterilization

Table 3.7 shows that during 2002-03 only one workers appliedfor this scheme. During the survey it was however observedthat there were many eligible workers, but due to their lack ofawareness they could not get benefit from this scheme.

53

Table 3.7 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under the Monetaryincentive for sterilization scheme LSDMWWF

Status 2000 – 01 % 2001 - 02 % 2002 - 03 %Applications - - - - 1 100.00

ReceivedApplications - - - - 1 100.00

acceptedApplications - - - - - -

rejected

Spectacles Schemes

With regard to spectacle scheme it may be observed that in2002-03, only three workers obtained benefit under this scheme.Once again it was found that due to workers’ lack of awarenessand the problems in the process hindered many workers fromavailing benefit under this fund (Table 3.8).

Table 3.8 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under the Spectaclesscheme LSDMWWF




rejected

54

Leprosy Scheme

The figures in Table 3.9 show that there were only twoapplications received in the year 2002-03. It is suggerted thatthere needs to be made a lot of efforts to popularize the schemeamong the workers.

Table 3.9 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under the Leprosyscheme LSDMWWF




rejected

Mental Disease

Under this scheme, no worker had applied for any assistanceduring the period under review (Table 3.10).

Table 3.10 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under the Mentaldisease scheme: LSDMWWF


rejected

55

GIA for St. Dispensaries

Table 3.11 shows that only 14 applications were received forthe scheme during 2000-01 and all of them obtained benefit.Similarly, in 2001-02, 16 candidates applied and got benefit.In 2002-03, however not a single application was received.

Table 3.11 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under the GIA for St.dispensaries LSDMWWF

Status 2000 – 01 % 2001 - 02 % 2002 - 03 %Applications 14 100.00 16 100.00 - -ReceivedApplications 14 100.00 16 100.00 - -acceptedApplications - - - - - -

rejected

Water Supply Scheme

The review of three years period shows that only in 2001-02only one establishment benefited from this scheme. However,there was some scope for its expansion as the area almost aridand water scarcity is quite common.

Table 3.12 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under the Watersupply scheme LSDMWWF

Status 2000 – 01 % 2001 - 02 % 2002 - 03 %Applications - - 1 100.00 - -ReceivedApplications - - 1 100.00 - -acceptedApplications - - - - - -

rejected

56

Patients treated in Dispensary

Table 3.13 shows the number of patients treated by dispensary.Data show that the number of patients treated in dispensarywas 51056 in 2000-01, 57071 in 2001-02 and 41886 in2002-03. There was a little increase of 10.53 percent in 2001-02, but a decline of -36.25 percent in 2002-03.

Table 3.13 Year-wise number patient treated inDispensary LSDMWWF

Status 2000 - Growth 2001 - Growth 2002 - Growth01 % 02 % 03 %

No. of 51056 - 57071 10.53 41886 -36.25Patients

Year-w ise no. of patient treated in Dispensary LSDMWWF

51056

57071

10.53

41886

-36.25

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

2000 - 01 Grow th % 2001 - 02 Grow th % 2002 - 03 Grow th %

Patients treated in Dispensary

No

.o

fP

ati

en

ts

Housing Scheme

Data given in table show that 170 applications were receivedfor the scheme in 2000-01. But only 32 could get benefit andthe rest applications were rejected. But during 2001-02 and2002-03, as it appears in Table 3.14, not a single applicationfor the scheme was received by the Labour Welfare Organisation.

57

Table 3.14 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under the IntegratedHousing scheme LSDMWWF

Status 2000 – 01 % 2001 - 02 % 2002 - 03 %Applications 170 100.00 - - - -ReceivedApplications 32 18.82 - - - -acceptedApplications 138 81.17 - - - -

rejected

Scheme for Financial Assistance for Purchasing Dress,Slate and Books

The figures in Table 3.15 show the number of applicationsreceived, accepted and rejected during three different years. Itmay be noted that a number of applications were received bythe L.W.O. for the fund for all the years. But the proportion ofrejection remained quite high. As in 2000-01, there was 762application forms received, out of which any 685 candidatescould get the benefit and the rest 77 were rejected. Similarly,in 2002-02, there were 880 applications were received, out ofwhich only 598 were accepted while the rest 282 were rejected.

Table 3.15 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under the FinancialAssistance for Purchasing Dress, Slate,Books etc. scheme: LSDMWWF

Status 2000 – 01 % 2001 - 02 % 2002 - 03 %Applications 762 100.00 880 100.00 779 100.00

ReceivedApplications 685 89.89 598 67.95 NA -acceptedApplications 77 10.10 282 32.04 NA -

rejected

58

Scholarship for School going children

Table 3.16 shows the performance of scholarship scheme. Datareveal that out of the total applications received, rejectionpercentage was very high. As in 2000-01 the number ofapplications received were 674. Out of which 238 (35.31)were rejected which was indeed high. Similarly, in 2001-02percentage of rejection was 20.5. Data also show that therewas no stability of the performance. It fluctuates from high tolow and low to high. As given in the reviewed three yearsfigures, the total no. of applications received was 674 in 2000-01, 600 in 2001-02 and 965 in 2002-03. Likewise the amountreleased also fluctuated.

Table 3.16 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under the Scholarshipto school going children scheme: LSDMWWF



rejected

Attendance Scheme

Figures given in Table 3.17 show the total number of applicationsreceived, accepted and rejected during a given time period ofthree years. Data reveal that the total number of applicationsreceived in 2000-01 was 217, out of which only 82 wereaccepted and rest 135 were rejected. Similarly in the year 2001-02, the total applications reccived was 195, of which 124were accepted.

59

Table 3.17 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under the Attendancescheme LSDMWWF



rejected

Financial Assistance on Performance Basis

Table 3.18 shows the achievements of performance basisscheme. The data shows that total no. of application for all thethree years together was only 268 for the M.P. and C.S. region.Only 106 applications received in 2000-01, 53 in 2002-02and 109 in 2002-03. The percentage of acceptance was alsovery low. Only 32 (30.185) applications accepted during 2001-01, and 25 (47.16%) in 2001-02

Table 3.18 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under thePerformance scheme LSDMWWF



rejected

60

Recreational Scheme (Supply of T.V. Sets)

The data given in Table 3.19 show that only one organisationcould take its benefit during review period.

Table 3.19 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under the Recreationalscheme (Supply of T.V. Sets) : LSDMWWF

Status 2000 – 01 % 2001 - 02 % 2002 - 03 %Applications - - 1 100.00 - -

ReceivedApplications - - 1 100.00 - -acceptedApplications - - - - - -

rejected

Organising Sports/Games and Cultural Activities

Data given in Table 3.20 show that only 14 organisations werebenefited during all three years under review here.

Table 3.20 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under the Recreationalscheme (Organising sports/ games andculturalactivities) LSDMWWF


ReceivedApplications 6 100.00 6 100.00 2 100.00acceptedApplications - - - - - -

rejected

61

Recreational Scheme (setting up of community centersin residential colonies):

Earlier, sometimes films were shown to the workers duringevenings. But that practice has now been discontinued. It wasreported that since many workers owned television sets in theirlocality, they therefore, did not show any interest in eveningfilms show.

Table 3.21 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under the Recreationalscheme (setting up of community centres inresidential colonies): LSDMWWF


rejected

Recreational Scheme (establishing Audio-visual cinema/exhibition of films)

The figures given in Table 3.22 show the level of performanceunder the scheme. Data show that six applications were receivedin 2000-01, all of which was accepted. But during 2001-02and 2002-03 not a single applications were received by theLabour Welfare Organisation.

62

Table 3.22 Year-wise number of applications received,accepted and rejected under the Recreationalscheme (Establishing Audio-visual cinema/exhibition of films): LSDMWWF

Status 2000 – 01 % 2001 - 02 % 2002 - 03 %Applications 6 100.00 - - 2 100.00

ReceivedApplications 6 100.00 - - 2 100.00acceptedApplications - - - - - -

rejected

63

CHAPTER IV

Income and Expenditure Pattern

Income and Expenditure patter of LSDMWF

Here in this chapter an attempt has been made to examinethe trend and pattern of income and expenditure from 1973-74 ownwards in Madhya Pradesh Chattisshgarh region upto2002-03. It can be seen in Table 4.1 that in 1973-74 the totalcollection of cess was Rs. 3,78,674/-, which rose to Rs. 16,54, 066 in 1979-80. In 1989-90, the collection further wentup to Rs. 97,47,434. In 1999-90 it touched a figure of Rs.161,93,649 and by 2002-03, it was Rs. 413,05,257.

With regards to expenditure, it may be seen that in 1973-74 only an amount of Rs. 3741 was spent which worked out tobe 0.98 per cent of the total cess collected. But in the succeedingyears, expenditure also continuted to increase, and in some yearsit was more than the income from cess. The figures show thatbeginning with an expenditure of Rs. 3741 in 1973-74, theamount of expenditure increased to Rs. 9,38,404 in 1980-81.It increased further to Rs. 35,38,299 in 1989-90.

It recorded further increase in 1999-00 to 84,75,700and Rs. 142,95,000 in 2002-03. The figures thus clearlyindicate the income from the collection of cess has increasedalmost continuously during all the years since 1973-74.Correspondingly, the expenditure has also increased.

The average cess collected stood at Rs. 92,94,090 whilethe expenditure at Rs. 4,30,209. The table also reveal that,barring a few years, the proportion of expenditure from thetotal income was around an average of 51.00 percent.

64

Table 4.1 Income and expenditure under LSDMWF

S. Year Growth Total Growth Expenditure ExpenditureNo. rate cess rate (Rs.) out of Total

(income) (In Rs.) (Expendi- in cometure)

1. 1973-74 - 378674 - 33741 0.98

2. 1974-75 72.99 1402004 97.19 133540 9.52

3. 1975-76 -0.51 1394889 81.61 726178 50.05

4. 1976-77 7.50 1508135 13.75 841997 55.83

5. 1977-78 11.41 1702563 -70.20 494700 29.05

6. 1978-79 -1.70 1674075 51.24 1014704 60.61

7. 1979-80 -1.20 1654065 10.28 1130973 68.37

8. 1980-81 0.28 1658023 -20.52 938404 56.59

9. 1981-82 9.52 1832624 -20.36 779609 42.54

10. 1982-83 9.24 2019271 9.11 857765 42.47

11. 1983-84 14.31 2356607 23.39 1119654 47.51

12. 1984-85 1.02 2381126 6.51 1197653 50.29

13. 1985-86 3.42 2465533 24.96 1596179 64.73

14. 1986-87 8.77 2702551 51.69 3304371 122.26

15. 1987-88 19.76 3368430 41.68 5666648 168.22

16. 1988-89 59.09 8235596 -16.23 4875322 59.19

17. 1989-90 15.51 9747434 -37.78 3538299 36.29

18. 1990-91 -0.75 9673979 14.54 4140507 42.80

19. 1991-92 7.01 10403331 8.15 4508048 43.33

20. 1992-93 6.02 11070464 16.48 5397622 48.75

21. 1993-94 12.55 12660248 -0.17 5388077 42.55

22. 1994-95 5.53 13401454 -5.39 5112129 38.14

23. 1995-96 7.54 14495120 28.00 7101102 48.98

contd...

65

24. 1996-97 -0.83 14375024 8.56 7766086 54.02

25. 1997-98 4.68 15081666 6.66 8320988 55.17

26. 1998-99 -1.80 14813712 -6.55 7809049 52.71

27. 1999-00 8.52 16193649 7.86 8475700 52.33

28. 2000-01 15.89 19253830 6.98 9112235 47.32

29 2001-02 51.39 39613392 11.18 10260000 25.90

30. 2002-03 4.09 41305257 28.28 14295000 34.60

Average 278822726 - 125906280 45.15

9294090 - 430209 51.00

Source: Labour Welfare Organisation, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisshgarh Region.2003 (17.11.03)

Table 4.2 further shows the summary break-up of expenditureby major heads. It can be noted that if a comparison is madebetween 2000-01 and 2002-03, then we could find thatexpenditure on health and education registered a slight increase.

Table 4.2 Expenditure for last three years for differentheads under LSOMWWF

(Figures in thousand)

Name of the head 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03Expendi- % out of Expendi- % out of Expendi- % out ofture total ture total ture total

income income income

Administration 1980 21.72 2316 21.75 2398 16.71

Health 6073 66.64 6483 60.90 10089 70.57

Housing 00 0.0 640 6.01 00 0.00

Education 425 4.66 541 5.08 1106 7.73

Recreation 635 6096 664 6023 702 4.91

Total Expenditure 9113 100.00 10644 100.00 14295 100.00*(47.33) *(26.86) *(34.60)

Total income 19254 39613 - 41305 -


66

Expenditure in respect of different items under LSDMWF

An analysis of item-wise expenditure indicates theeffectiveness of the fund in terms of the extent of benefitprovided to the workers.

The break-up of expenditure by different heads in Table4.3 shows that in 2000-01, administration cost constituted21.72 per cent of the total expenditure. For education andrecreation it accounted for 4.66 and 6.96 per cent respectivelyin to 2000-01.

In 2001-02, the proportion of expenditure onadministration, health, housing, education and recreatationaccounted for 21.75, 60.96,6.01,5.08 and 6.23 per centrespectively. But the expenditure on administration registered adecline from 21.75 per cent in the previous year to 16.77 percent in 2002-03. In respect of health, the figure, however,went up to 70.57 per cent from 60.90 per cent in the previousyear. However, the increase in health was caused by an increasein salary as could be seen in the table.

A further analysis shows another interesting point, forexample, the expenditure on salary for both administration andhealth accounted for nearly (59.34) sixty per cent of the totalexpenditure in 2000-01. In 2001-02, it accounted for 54.14per cent and in 2002-03, it worked out 61.46 per cent of thetotal expenditure.

The expenditure on medicine, housing, education andrecreation varied between 2 and 6 per cent of the total.

This thus raises a question: has the welfare fund beenreally benefiting the workers? Has it not been turned into welfarefund for the welfare of the welfare office? We shall examinefurther this proposition in the our succeeding analysis.

67

Table 4.3: Expenditure for last these years to occupied oflimestone & delimit mines welfare fined, LSDMWF

Major & Detailed Actual DuringHead

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03

1 2 3 4

01.107.01-ADMINISTRATION

01.00.01-Salaries 1454 15.95 1691 15.88 1554 10.87

01.00.02- Wages 8 0.08 10 0.09 11 0.07

01.00.03- OTA 5 0.05 4 0.03 1 neg.

01.00.11- TE 80 0.87 64 0.60 82 0.57

01.00.13- OE 349 3.82 435 4.08 698 4.88

01.00.14-RRT 65 0.71 76 0.71 45 0.31Rent/Rate/Taxes

01.00.16- Publication 19 0.20 33 0.31 7 0.04

01.00. - Grant- 0 - 0 - 0 -in-aid

01.00.51- Motor 0 - 0 - 0 -Vehicle

01.00.50- Other 0 - 0 - 0 -Charges

01.00.28- PPSS 0 - 0 - 0 -

01.00. - Adv. & 0 - 0 - 0 -Publicity

TOTAL 1980 21.72 2316 21.75 2398 16.77

ADMINISTRATION

01.107.02 -HEALTH

02.00.01-Salaries 3955 43.39 4073 38.26 7233 50.59

02.00.02- Wages 80 0.87 167 1.56 145 1.01

02.00.11- T.E. 48 0.52 55 0.51 77 0.53

68

02.00.13- O.E. 149 1.63 176 1.65 498 3.48

02.00.13- OTA 0 - 0 - 0 -

02.00.14- R.R.T. 75 0.82 86 0.80 37 0.25

02.00.31 - Grant- 1282 14.06 1308 12.28 1391 9.73in-aid

02.00.26 - Advt. 0 - 0 - 0 -& Publicity

02.00.27 - Minor 0 - 0 - 0 -works

02.00.52 - Mach 0 - 0 - 0 -& Equip.

02.00.51- Motor 0 - 350 3.28 0 -Vehicle

02.00.21 - Mat. 470 5.15 234 2.19 616 4.30& Supply

02.00.50- Other 14 0.15 34 0.31 92 0.64Charges

TOTAL HEALTH 6073 66.64 6483 60.90 10089 70.57

01.107.04 - HOUSING04.02.31 - Housing 0 - 640 6.01 0 -Type I & II

04.03.31 - B.Y.O.H.S. 0 - 0 - 0 -

TOTAL HOUSING 0 - 640 6.01 0 -01.107.05 -EDUCATION

01.05.01-Salaries 0 - 0 - 0 -

01.05.02- Wages 0 - 0 - 0 -

01.05.11 - TE 0 - 0 - 0 -

01.05.13 - OE 0 - 0 - 0 -

01.05.14 - RRT 0 - 0 - 0 -

01.05.31 - Grant- in 0 - 0 - 0 -- aid

01.05.34 - Scholar 188 2.06 314 2.95 971 6.79ship

69

01.05.21 - Mat. & 0 - 0 - 0 -Supply

01.05.50 - Other 237 2.60 227 2.13 135 0.94Charges

TOTAL EDUCATION 425 4.66 541 5.08 1106 7.73

01.107.06- RECREATION

03.00.01 - Salaries 545 5.98 555 5.21 596 4.16

03.00.11 - TE 15 0.16 13 0.12 15 0.10

03.00.13 - OE 20 0.21 20 0.18 18 0.12

03.00.14 - RRT 0 - 0 - 0 -

03.00.31 - Grant-in 0 - 0 - 0 --aid

03.00.51 - Motor 0 - 0 - 0 -Vehicle

03.00.21 - Mat. & 10 0.10 29 0.27 13 0.09Supply

03.00.50 - Other 45 0.49 47 0.44 60 0.41Charges

TOTAL 635 6.96 664 6.23 702 4.91RECREATION

01.107.05 - WATER SUPPLY

05.01.03 - Grant-in- 0 - 0 - 0 -

aid

TOTAL WATER 0 - 0 - 0 -SUPPLY

GRAND TOTAL 9113 100.00 10644 100.00 14295100.00


70

CHAPTER V

Spatial Distribution of Beneficiary

Education schemes

One of the important schemes of the LSDMWF is the

education scheme. The Labour welfare Organisation makes

efforts to reach out to the eligible LSDM workers who are

scattered in different districts of Madhya Pradesh and

Chattishgarh region.

An attempt has been made here to present the spatial

distribution of beneficiaries of different education schemes in

different districts of Madhya Pradesh and Chattishgarh region.

Scholarship Scheme

It can be seen in Table 5.1 the beneficiaries of scholarship

scheme belong to different districts. For example, in 2001-02,

the highest number of beneficiaries were found to be

concentrated in Damoh (39.37), followed by Durg (25.05),

Rewa (10.96), Katni (10.73) and so on.

In 2002-03, the preponderance of beneficiaries of

scholarship scheme was found to be in Raipur as almost half

(44.95) of the beneficiaries belong to this district alone and followed

by Damoh (19.76), Neemach (11.81) and Satna (10.52).

71

Table 5.1 Distribution of beneficiary students ofscholarship schemes under LSDMWF in M.P. & Chattishgarh Region.

S. Name of District YearNo.

2001-02 % 2002-03 %

1. Katni 48 10.73 82 10.52

2. Satna 39 8.72 - -

3. Balaghat 12 2.68 - -

4. Rewa 49 10.96 34 4.36

5. Sagar 2 0.44 - -

6. Damoh 176 39.37 154 19.76

7. Indore 01 0.22 - -

8. Durg 112 25.05 - -

9. Janjhgir 27 6.04 - -

10. Raipur 11 2.46 350 44.92

11. Jabalpur - - - -

12. Bilaspur - - - -

13. Neemach - - 92 11.81

14. Mandla - - 65 8.34

15. Allahbad (U.P.) - - 01 0.12

16. Kota (Rajasthan) - - 01 0.12

17. Umaria - - - -

Total 447 100.00 779 100.00

Source: Labour Welfare Organisation, Jabalpur, M. P. & Chattishgarh Region, 2003.

Uniform Scheme

A district-wise distribution of beneficiaries of uniformscheme shows (Table 5.2) that in 2001-02, the largestconcentration was in district Katni (36.45), followed by Sagar

72

Table 5.2 Distribution of beneficiary students of uniformscheme unders LSDMWF in M.P. & Chattishgarhregion.


2001-02 % 2002-03 %

1. Katni 218 36.45 72 14.06

2. Satna 37 6.18 - -

3. Balaghat 26 4.34 - -

4. Rewa 28 4.68 7 1.36

5. Sagar 144 24.09 - -

6. Damoh - - 64 12.5

7. Indore - - - -

8. Durg 112 18.72 - -

9. Janjhgir 06 1.00 - -

10. Raipur 26 4.34 199 38.86

11. Jabalpur 1 0.16 - -

12. Bilaspur - - - -

13. Neemach - - 42 8.20

14. Mandla - - 127 24.80

15. Allahbad (U.P.) - - - -

16. Kota (Rajasthan) - - - -

17. Umaria - - 1 0.19Total 598 100.00 512 100.00

Source: Labour Welfare Organisation, Jabalpur, M. P. & Chattishgarh Region, 2003.

(24.09), Durg (18.7), and so on. The lowest number ofbeneficiaries could be found in Jabalpur (0.16).

In 2002-03, the highest concentration of the beneficiariesof this scheme could be noted in Raipur (38.86), followed byMandla (24.80), Katni (14.06) and so on, and lowest numbercould be found in Umaria (only one)

73

Attendance Scheme

Under this scheme the figures of the beneficiaries are presentedhere for 2001-02. It shows that in 2001-02, the highestconcentration was in Katni (39.43), followed by Damoh (23.94)and Durg (18.30). It appears from the figures that more than80 per cent of beneficiaries of this scheme were concentratedin the above three districts where there were some beneficiariesof this scheme, the percentage ranged from 2.81 to 4.22, thelowest concentration being in Satna (2.81) and Jhajhghiri (2.81)in this range (Table 5.3).

Table 5.3 Distribution of beneficiary students of attendanceschemes under LSDMWF in M. P. & ChattishgarhRegion.


2001-02 % 2002-03

1. Katni 28 39.43 -

2. Satna 2 2.81 -

3. Balaghat - - -

4. Rewa 3 4.22 -

5. Sagar - - -

6. Damoh 17 23.94 -

7. Indore - - -

8. Durg 13 18.30 -

9. Janjhgir 2 2.81 -

10. Raipur 3 4.22 -

11. Jabalpur - - -

12. Bilaspur 3 4.22 -.

13. Neemach - - -

14. Mandla - - -contd..

74

15. Allahbad (U.P.) - - -

16. Kota (Rajasthan) - - -

17. Umaria - - -

Total 71 100.00 -Source: Labour Welfare Organisation, Jabalpur, M. P. & Chattishgarh Region, 2003.

Percentage Scheme

During 2001-02 only 25 students benefited from thisscheme. As could be seen in Table 5.4 out of the total studentswho received benefit, 36.00 per cent were from Katni, and therest were from 5 other districts, namely Satna (20.00), Balaghat(4.00), Indore (8.00), Durg (8.00) and Raipur (6.00).

Table 5.4 Distribution of beneficiary students of percentageschemes under LSDMWF in M. P. & ChattishgarhRegion.


2001-02 % 2002-03

1. Katni 9 36.00 -

2. Satna 5 20.00 -

3. Balaghat 5 20.00 -

4. Rewa 3 4.22 -

5. Sagar - - -

6. Damoh - - -

7. Indore 2 8.00 -

8. Durg 2 8.00 -

9. Janjhgir - - -

10. Raipur 6 6.00 -

11. Jabalpur - - -

75

12. Bilaspur - - -.

13. Neemach - - -

14. Mandla - - -15. Allahbad (U.P.) - - -

16. Kota (Rajasthan) - - -

17. Umaria - - -

Total 25 100.00 - Source: Labour Welfare Organisation, Jabalpur, M. P. & Chattishgarh Region, 2003.

76

CHAPTER VI

General Profile of the Surveyed Households

Respondents’ Profile

In order to get an in-depth view of the operation of theLimestone and Dolomite Mine Welfare Fund, a survey wasconducted in Katni district of Madhya Pradesh in the month ofDecember 2003. A total 124 heads of households of thebeneficiaries of education scheme and health scheme wascontacted and by canvassing a household schedule, variousinformation were elicited.

It may be seen in Table 6.1 that out of the 124 respondents,62.90 percent were in the age group 30-40. The second groupof respondents were in the age-group 41-49 (26.61). In theyounger age group i.e. in 18-29 years, there were 4.48 percentrespondents.

In the age group above 50, there were 5.65 percentrespondents.

Table 6.1 Distribution of respondents by Age

S.No. Age-group No. of respondent % to Total

1. 18-29 6 4.84

2. 30-40 78 62.90

3. 41-49 33 26.61

4. 50 & above 7 5.65

Total 124 100.00Source: Field Survey

77

Occupation

The distribution of the respondents by their occupationcould be seen in Table 6.1a. It is observed that out of the totalrespondents, 11.29 percent were mangers /supervisors, 9.68percent were drivers/cleaners, 0.81 percent were mine mate/blasters, another 8.87, 6.45 and 8.06 percent were stone layerpluckers, loaders and operators respectively. Iron-transport andcontractors constituted 1.61 and 6.45 percent of the totalrespondent workers. The largest group, however, was constitutedby stone-breakers. Other categories like, peon, kiln workers,shopkeepers accounted for 1.61, 3.23 and 8.06 percentrespectively. Even a teacher of a school appears to havebenefitted from this fund.

What is most disturbing is the fact though many respondentswere in no way connected with limestone mine operation theynevertheless found ways and means to avail benefits from theLimestone and Dolomite Mine Workers Welfare Fund.

Table 6.1a: Distribution of Respondents by Occupations

S. Occupations No. of Respondents %No.

1 Manager/Supervisor 14 11.29

2 Driver/Cleaner 12 9.68

3 Mine mate/Blaster 1 0.81

4 Stone Layer Plucker 11 8.87

5 Loader 8 6.45

6 Operator 10 8.06

7 Iron Transporter 2 1.61

8 Contractor 8 6.45

9 Stone Breaker 39 31.45

contd...

78

10 Peon 2 1.61

11 Kiln Worker 4 3.23

12 Shopkeeper 10 8.06

13 Mid-wife 2 1.61

14 Teacher 1 0.81

Total 124 100.00

Source: Field Survey

Gender Profile

The figures in Table 6.2 show that out of the total respondents92.74 percent were male while the rest 7.26 percent werefemale. It may be noted here that during the survey, therespondents were contacted either in the early morning or inthe late evenings in their house. It was otherwise difficult tocontact them during the usual day time as most of them wereaway in their workplaces in mines in different areas of Kaymorerange. And in mines none of them were ready to come forwardto part information for fear of any adverse impact.

Table 6.2: Gender profile of the Respondents

Gender Frequency Percent

Male 115 92.74

Female 9 7.26


79

Education profile of the respondents

The figures in Table 6.3 show that the majority of the respondentswere illiterate (44.35), followed by primary education (21.77),and middle level education (11.29). The rest 9.68 and 12.90percent of the respondents reported to have had high schooland higher secondary level education.

Table 6.3: Educational profile of the Respondents

S. Education Level No. of respondents % to TotalNo.

1. Illiterate 55 44.35

2. Primary 27 21.77

3. Middle 14 11.29

4. High School 12 9.68

5. Higher Secondary 16 12.90

Total 124 100.00


Caste Profile

It may be observed in Table 6.4 that of the total respondents18.5 percent belonged to the Scheduled Castes and 38.7percent to the Scheduled Tribes. The rest 42.7 belonged to theothers. The area where the survey was conducted, is fairlypopulated by the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribespopulation, and it is economically under-developed. Most ofthem were dependent on limestone and dolomite mine activitiesas fairly a large number of mines and lime kilns are operated inthe survey area.

80

Table 6.4 Caste status of the RespondentsCaste Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

SC 23 18.5 18.5 18.5

ST 48 38.7 38.7 57.3

Others 53 42.7 42.7 100.0

Total 124 100.0 100.0Source: Field Survey

Beneficiaries Education Levels

Out of the total beneficiaries, we found that 41.9 percent studentswere in the primary education standard, and the majority wasin middle level education (43.5). High school students constitutedthe next important group. In Intermediate, Graduate and Diplomalevel, there were some beneficiaries as could be seen in theTable 6.5.

Table 6.5 Distribution of Beneficiaries by education levels

Educational Frequency PercentStatus

Primary 52 41.9

Middle 54 43.5

High School 12 9.7

Intermediate 2 1.6

Graduate 3 2.4

Diploma 1 .8

holder


81

Household Status

The distribution of households by house ownership statusshows that out of the total households, 77.4 percent householdshad its own house. The rest 4.8, 10.5 and 7.3 percenthouseholds occupied rented houses, company’s houses and housesconstructed on employers’ land respectively (see Table 6.6).

Table 6.6: Distribution of Households by ownership status

Frequency Percent

Own 96 77.4houseRented 6 4.8houseCompany’s 13 10.5houseOwn 9 7.3house butonemployer’slandTotal 124 100.0


Family Size

The figures in Table 6.7 show that one third of the householdswas in the category of family size (33.9) comprising 6 members,followed by 5 member family (24.2), four member (10.5) andso on. There were, however, three households with 10-memberfamily.

82

Table 6.7: Distribution of households by family size

Total No. of Frequency PercentFamily Members

2 members 3 2.4

3 members 12 9.7

4 members 13 10.5

5 members 30 24.2

6 members 42 33.9

7 members 12 9.7

8 members 8 6.5

9 members 1 .8

10 members 3 2.4


Size of male-members

Table 6.8 presents distribution of surveyed families by size-classof male members. It may be seen here in the table thatpreponderance of households families with members in the sizeclass of 3 male members followed by two male members size-class. The distribution of the rest of the household by this categorycould be seen in Table 6.8.

83

Table 6.8 Distribution of the households by size of malefamily members

No. of Male Frequency PercentMembers

No. Male 2 1.6Number

1 members 12 9.7

2 members 29 23.4

3 members 46 37.1

4 members 46 37.1

5 members 12 9.7

6 members 9 7.3

7 members 3 2.4

8 members 1 .8


Female Size-Class

The distribution of surveyed households by female member size-class shows that majority of the household has two femalemembers (37.1), followed by three female members (29.8),and four female family members (16.9).

84

Table 6.6: Distribution of Households by ownershipstatus

Frequency Percent

No. Female 1 .8Number

1 Member 15 12.1

2 Member 46 37.1

3 Member 37 29.8

4 Member 21 16.9

5 Member 3 2.4

6 Member 1 .8

Total 124 100.0


Mine Types

During the survey the respondents were asked who were theheads of their households where they were working. It appearsfrom the figures in Table 6.10 that out of the total heads of thehouseholds 89.5 percent, i.e., the overwhelming majority, wasworking in private mines while only 2.4 percent were engagedin govt. mines. Of the surveyed households of the beneficiaries10 household heads were found working elsewhere other thanmines. And despite this they found to have ways and means toobtain benefit from the LSDMWF. Such false cases werefrequently encountered during the survey.

85

Table 6.10: Distribution of heads of households by theirworking in mine types

Mine Status Frequency Percent

Government mine 3 2.4

Private mine 111 89.5

Total 114 91.9

Not working in mines 10 8.1Total 124 100.0


Place of Employment

Out of the total heads of the households who were engaged inmines, 25.8 percent were engaged in M/S SandarshanCompany, followed by Gaur Company (21.8), Madan Company(13.7). The majority of the heads of the surveyed householdswere engaged by these three companies.

Table 6.11: Distribution of the respondents’ by differentmines they were engaged in

Company Frequency PercentName

N.M.Dubas Limestone 2 1.6

Company

Gaur Company 27 21.8

Neelkantheshwar 1 .8

Company

Roshan Contractor 1 .8

Madan Grover 17 13.7

Companycontd...

86

Sandarshan Company 32 25.8 28.1 70.2

Chetrabutra Company 1 .8 .9 71.1

K.C. Bagaria 1 .8 .9 71.9

Maheshwari Company 8 6.5 7.0 78.9

Simko Company 3 2.4 2.6 81.6

Goyenka Company 1 .8 .9 82.5

Punjab National Bhatta 1 .8 .9 83.3

Kailash Chand 1 .8 .9 84.2

Contractor

Gaure lal Contractor 1 .8 .9 85.1

A.C.C. Company 8 6.5 7.0 92.1

Ghuru Company 1 .8 .9 93.0

Associate limestone 1 .8 .9 93.9

Jaiswal Company 4 3.2 3.5 97.4

Sunil mishra 1 .8 .9 98.2

Contractor

Other 1 .8 .9 99.1

Prem limestone 1 .8 .9 100.0

Company

Total 114 91.9 100.0

False case 10 8.1

Total 124 100.0


Experience

A look at Table 6.12 shows that out of the total mine workers32.3 percent were working with their employers more thannine years, 29.0 percent for two years and 24.2 percent for 3-5 years.

87

Table 6.12: Distribution of the workers by their experiencein working with present employers

Frequency Percent

0-2 Years 36 29.03-5 Years 30 24.26-8 Years 8 6.5Above 9 years 40 32.3Total 114 91.9False case 10 8.1Total 124 100.0


Change of Employers

The figures in Table 6.13 show that 37.9 percent surveyedhousehold workers did not change their employers, while 30.6percent changed their employers 1-2 times, 12.1 percentchanged 3-5 employers and another 11.3 percent changedmore than six employers during their working life in the mines.

Table 6.13 Distribution of workers by number ofemployer they had changed over the years

No.of Employers Frequency Percentchanged

Not even one 47 37.91-2 38 30.63-5 15 12.1Above 6 14 11.3Total 114 91.9Other than 10 8.1LSDM workersTotal 124 100.0


88

CHAPTER VII

Employment and Wages

In this Chapter an attempt has been made to examine theemployment and wages structures of the surveyed householdworkers. The purpose is to understand the working conditionsof the workers.

Working hours

Here Table 7.1 clearly shows that out of the total mineworkers and other workers, 54.8 percent worked 6-10 hrs perday, 26.6 percent worked 11-12 hrs, and the rest 3.2 percentworked more than 13 and above hrs per day. Since another 10workers were self-employed and worked as shopkeeper in theirown establishment the details of working hrs have not beenmentioned by them.

Table 7.1 Distribution of surveyed workers by workinghours

Frequency Percent

1-5 hrs 1 .86-10 hrs 68 54.811-12 hrs 33 26.6Above 12 8 6.5hrsUnlimited 4 3.2hoursTotal 114 91.9Other than 10 8.1LSDMworkersTotal 124 100.0

Source: Field Survey.

89

Working days in a Month

Out of 124 workers, as it may be seen in Table 7.2, 2.4 percentfound 11-15 days works in a month. Another 25.8 percentfound work 16-20 days. The rest 63.7 percent found work 21and above days in a month. Another 8.1 percent did not statethe number of days. They found work, as they were self-employed and remain engaged in their establishment throughouta month.

Table 7.2 Distribution of workers by number of workingdays in a month

Frequency Percent

11-15 days 3 2.416-20 days 32 25.8Above 21days 79 63.7Total 114 91.9Other than 10 8.1LSDM workersTotal 124 100.0

Source: Field Survey.

Number of Months Found Work

The figures in Table 7.3 show that out of the surveyed LSDMand other workers whose wards had received benefit from LSDMwelfare fund, 21.8 percent worked 5-7 months, 70.2 percent8-12 months in a year. It may noted here that even duringrainy seasons workers were engaged in mining operation. Inrespect of other non-mine workers no such figures are available.They were engaged in their establishment throughout the year.

90

Table 7.3 Distribution of workers by number of monthsthey found work in mines

Frequency Percent

5-7 months 27 21.8

8-12 months 87 70.2

Total 114 91.9

Other than 10 8.1LSDM workers

Total 124 100.0Source: Field Survey.

Contacts for Securing Job

In mines jobs are not easily available sometimes, that too insuch a situation where a large number of people are looking forit. Hence, to a great extent, one’s contact matters. Here wefind that out of the total number of surveyed workers 27.4percent stated that they contacted contractor for securingemployment in mines, another 5.6 percent stated that they gotthrough co-workers. However, there were no responses frommore than half of the workers.

Table 7.4 Distribution of workers by the type of contact throughwhich they got their job

Frequency Percent

Contractor 34 27.4Co-workers 7 5.6Employers 4 3.2Others 2 1.6Mine owners 7 5.6Total 54 43.5Missing 70 56.5Total 124 100.0Source: Field Survey.

91

Weekly Income

The figures in Table 7.5 show that out of the total surveyedworkers, 63.2 per workers’ income was between Rs. 100 andRs.300 per week. Another 10.5, 8.1, 5.6 and 9.7 percentworkers earned per week between Rs. 301-400 and Rs. 501-600. For many, the work in mines was piece rated and workersmore often could not continue to work in same momentumthroughout the week.

Table 7.5 Distribution of respondents workers by theirweekly income

Income in Frequency PercentRs.

Upto Rs. 100 4 3.2

101-200 33 26.6

201-300 35 28.2

301-400 13 10.5

401-500 10 8.1

501-600 7 5.6

above 601 12 9.7

Total 114 91.9



92

Increment in Wages

Of the total respondents, the majority stated that they did notreceive any increment in their wages during the last two yearspreceding from the date of survey in the month of December,2003. However, as could be seen in Table 7.6, a few receivedsome increment.

Table 7.6 Distribution of respondents by the number oftimes they received increment in wages.

Frequency Percent

one time 4 3.2

two times 1 .8

not once 109 87.9

Total 114 91.9



Other sources of income

It is amply evident from Table 7.7 that out of the total LSDmine workers surveyed here the overwhelming majority did nothave nay other source of income than their work in the mines.Only a 17.5 percent mentioned that they had some other sourcesof income.

93

Table 7.7 Distribution of respondents by their othersources of income.

Response Frequency Percent

Yes 20 16.1No 94 75.8Total 114 91.9Other than 10 8.1LSDM workersTotal 124 100.0

Monthly Income

It is evident in Table 7.8 that out of the total mine workers onlyone worker’s monthly income was between Rs. 100-400. 35.1percent workers’ monthly income from all sources was between801-1200, while another 21.9 percent workers’ income wasin the category of Rs.401-800. The rest 13.2, 12.3 and 16.7percent workers incomes were above Rs. 2001. During theperiod preceding the date of the survey.

Table 7.8 Distribution of respondents by their monthlyincome from all sources

Income in Frequency Percent(Rs.)

100-400 1 .8401-800 25 20.2801-1200 40 32.31201-1600 15 12.11601-2000 14 11.3Above 2001 19 15.3Total 114 91.9Other than 10 8.1LSDM workersTotal 124 100.0Source: Field Survey.

94

CHAPTER VIII

Benefit impact of the Welfare Fund Schemesof LSDMWF: Health

Awareness level of the Beneficiaries

Awareness about any programme is prerequisite to itsproper implementation. If the potential beneficiaries are notproperly aware about the schemes, it is likely that implementationof such schemes will be poor; or its benefits may be corneredby some vested and corrupt elements. Here, in order to assessthe awareness level of the respondents about the various healthschemes under LSDMWWF, they were asked whether they knewabout them. The responses elicited are presented in Table 8.1.It is evident from the table that out of the total respondentsonly two or three workers were aware about various healthschemes operated by the L.W.O.

This lack of awareness has been repeatedly raised as animportant impediment to effective and efficient implementationof the schemes, not only for health scheme but also for otherschemes operated by the LSDMWW Fund.

Table 8.1Awareness of the respondents about HealthSchemes

S. Schemes Yes No No. ofNo. Beneficiaries

1 Scheme for domiciliarytreatment 2 122 0

2 Scheme for reimbursementof Cancer treatment expenses 2 122 0

3 Scheme for reimbursementof treatment expenses ofheart diseases 2 122 0

95

4 Scheme for reimbursementof treatment expenses ofkidney transplantation 2 122 0

5 Financial assistance forfamily planning 2 122 0

6 Maternity benefits tofemale workers 3 121 1

7 Scheme to provide financialassistance for Spectacles 3 121 1

8 Scheme for financial assistancefor leprosy treatment 2 122 0

9 Scheme for financialassistance for mental diseases 2 122 0

10 Scheme for reservation ofbeds in hospital 2 122 0

11 Scheme for organisinghealth camps 2 122 0

12 Scheme for financialassistance for seriously injuredmines workers duringworking hours 2 122 0

13 Financial assistance to minesworkers for purchasingduplicate foot 2 122 0

14 Financial assistance to minesmanagement for purchasingambulance 1 123 0

15 Financial assistance to minesmanagement for functioningof mines dispensary 1 123 0

16 Scheme for reimbursementof T.B. treatment expenses 3 121 2

Source: Field survey

96

Table 8.2Distribution of respondents by sources of

obtaining application forms for medical schemesSources Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

From dispensary 13 10.5 61.9 61.9

From shop 2 1.6 9.5 71.4

Others 2 1.6 9.5 81.0

School 4 3.2 19.0 100.0

Total 21 16.9 100.0

Company 103 83.1

Total 124 100.0


Sources of application forms for Medical aids

It may be seen in Table 8.2 that out of the total samplerespondents 61.9 percent respondents received applicationforms for medical aids from Dispensary, 9.5 percent fromshops, another 9.5 percent from "other sources" and another19.0 percent from schools. It is thus evident that the sourcesfor obtaining application forms are now several and manyenterprising individuals procure them and sell them at a price.

Source of medical aid taken by the Mine Workers

Out of total respondents 3.2 percent reported that they wentto government hospital for treatment. Another 7.3 percentsaid they went to private hospital. Only 2.4 percent of thesample respondents went to Welfare Commission Dispensary.And the overwhelming majority consulted 'ojhas' and village'doctors', who were mostly 'quacks'.

97

Table 8.3 : Source of medical aid taken by the mineworkers

Sources of Frequency Percent Valid CumulativeMedical Aids Percent Percent

Governmenthospital 4 3.2 25.0 25.0

Private hospital 9 7.3 56.3 81.3

Welfarecommissiondispensary 3 2.4 18.7 100.0

Ojha/Villagedoctor 108 87.1 100.0

Total 124 100.0


Table 8.4 : Are you hospitalized in hospital duringdisease?

Frequency Percent Valid CumulativePercent Percent

Yes 2 1.6 1.6 20.0

No 122 98.4 98.4 100.0

Total 124 100.0 100.0


The figure in Table 8.4 shows that except two respondentsnone of the respondents was hospitalized in the period one-year proceeding the survey in December 2003.

Benefit received for travel etc.

The figures in Table 8.5 show here that two workers who werehospitalized did not get any allowance like, dearness allowance,travel allowance, etc. either from hospital or from the WelfareCommission Dispensary. It may be noted here that theDispensary which is operated in village Mehgaon was notproperly maintained.

98

Table 8.5 : Benefits received while hospitalizedReceiving Travel Travel Received everydayDearness allowance allowance medicines expenditureallowance (hospital) of one from for balanced

other hospital foodperson

Yes 0 0 0 1 0

No 124 124 124 123 124

Total 124 124 124 124 124


Table 8.6 : Total expenditure on medical

Expenditure Frequency Percent

Rs. 501-1000 1 50.0

Rs. 2001-4,000 1 50.0

Total 2 100.0

Scholarshipbeneficiaries 122

Total 124Source: Field survey

Medical Expenditure

The figures in Table 8.6 show that the workers who were illhad to spent considerable amount of money. For example, 1worker spent Rs. 501-1000, another workers spent Rs. 2001-4000, and the last one worker spent Rs. 4001-6000 duringthe year preceeding the survey.

Money received from Welfare Fund

It can be observed in Table 8.7 that out of the two workers whohad received benefit from the Welfare Fund, of them onereceived Sources of receiving fund, of them one received

99

Table 8.7 : Proportion of assistance received

Frequency ValidPercent

Rs.1500 1 50.0

Rs.4000 1 50.0

Total 2 100.0

Scholarshipbeneficiaries 122

Total 124Source: Field survey

Table 8.8 : Sources of Fund: Medium from which gotfund

Frequency Percent Valid CumulativePercent Percent

Dispensary 2 1.6 100.0 100.0

Missing 122 98.4

Total 124 100.0


Rs.1500/- another one received Rs. 4000/- during the yearpreceding the survey.

Frequency of visits

It can be observed in Table 8.9 that those two workers whoobtained benefits from the welfare office, one of them had tovisit the concerned office twice while another one visited theconcerned office thrice.

It can be seen in Table 8.8 that those who received fund theyreceived it from dispensary located Mehgaon.

100

Table 8.9 : Number of times the beneficiaries went tothe concerned office

Frequency Percent2 times 1 503 times 1 50Total 2 100.00


Table 8.10 : Consultation for normal ailmentsType of Frequency PercentInstitutionsconsulted

Dispensary 21 16.9

Government hospital 11 8.9

Mobile points 1 .8

Private hospital 42 33.9

Total 75 60.5

Village doctor/Ojhas 49 39.5

Grand Total 124 100.0


The respondents were also asked about the type of medicalinstitutions they had contacted for normal ailments. The figuresin Table 8.10 indicate that 16.9 percent respondents consultedwelfare commission dispensary and 8.9 percent governmenthospital. Only a single respondent consulted mobile pointdispensary run by the Labour Welfare Organisation. Of thetotal respondents 33.9 percent consulted private hospitals. Butalmost 40.0 percent respondents reported that they contacted"village doctors" and "ojhas".

Supply of Medicine by Dispensary

The dispensaries maintained by the Labour Welfare Organisationalso supply some general medicines to the patients. But to knowwhether the medicines were sufficient or not the respondents

101

Table 8.11 :Distribution of beneficiaries whether theyreceived sufficient medicine from dispensary


Sufficient 13 10.5

Not sufficient 20 16.1

Total 33 26.6

Don't go to dispensary 91 73.4

Total 124 100.0Source: Field survey

Table 8.12 : Difficulties encountered in the dispensaryResponse Frequency Percent

Faced difficulties 16 12.9

Not faced difficulties 11 8.9

Total 27 21.8

Don't take any 97 78.2medicine fromdispensary


were asked to give their opinions. The figures in Table 8.11show that those who had attended the dispensary whose numberwas 33 in the sample, only 39.4 percent said that the medicineswere sufficient and more than sixty percent reported that it wasnot sufficient. The figures in the Table also show that out of thetotal sample respondents 73.4 percent did not visit thedispensary located at Mehgaon.

Difficulties faced

The figures in Table 8.12 show that of the 27 respondentswho responded to this question, 59.3 percent reported thatthey faced some problems or others. 40.7 percent said thatthey did not face any problems in the dispensary.

102

Table 8.13 : Opinions about behaviour of the staff ofthe Dispensary

Opinions Frequency Percent

Satisfactory 11 8.9

Not satisfactory 22 17.7

Total 33 26.6

Don't have interaction 91 73.4

Total 124 100.0


Table 8.14 : Whether any respondents spent money onapplication form

Frequency Percent

Yes 2 1.6

No 14 11.3

Total 16 12.9

Missing 108 87.1


Staff behaviour

Of the sample respondents, 33 who had attended the dispensary,33.3 percent reported that they were satisfied with the staffmembers' behaviour while 66.7 percent reported otherwise i.e.,66.7 percent respondents reported that they were not satisfiedwith the behaviour of the staff of the dispensaries located atMehgaon and Katni.

Money Spent

The respondents were asked if they had spent any money whileprocuring the application forms. Out of the total respondents,12.5 said that they had spent some money while rest 87.5 saidthey did not spent any.

103

Table 8.15 : Amount of money spent on application

Frequency Percent Percent

Rs.5 1 .8 50.0

Rs.10 1 .8 50.0

Total 2 1.6 100.0

Missing 122 98.4

Total 124 100.0


Amount of Money Spent

It is clear from the figures in Table 8.15 that the two respondentswho spent money to procure application forms the amountwas Rs.5/- for one case in another case it was Rs.10/-.

104

CHAPTER IX

Benefit under Education Scheme

Education Scheme

As we have noted earlier, the distribution of beneficiariesby classes/category shows that the majority of the beneficiariesreceived benefit from financial assistance (73.77), followed byscholarship schemes. The details are given in Table 9.1 It may

Table 9.1 : Distribution of students by category/classwas obtained financial assistance undereducational schemes

S.No Name of Schemes No. of %Beneficiaries

1 Financial assistance to school 90 73.77going children of workers for thepurchase of dress/ slate/books etc. (Class I-IV: Rs 250per annum)

2 Scholarship to school going 9 7.37children (Class V - VII : Rs. 400per annum)

3 Scholarship to school going 20 16.39children (Class VII to X : Rs. 940 to1840 for girls students and Rs 700 to1400 for male students per annum)

4 Financial assistance for education 1 0.81on the basis of performance infinal examination (Class XI & XII)

5 Financial assistance for three 0 -year diploma, PUC1&2

6 Financial assistance for B.E., 2 1.63M.B.B.S. and B.Sc(Agriculture)studentsTotal 122 100.00


105

Table 9.2 : Number of School going children bydifferent respondents households

Frequency Percent

1 children 21 17.2

2 children 48 39.3

3 children 35 28.7

4 children 14 11.5

5 children 3 2.5

6 children 1 .8

Total children 122 100.0

Source: Field survey by the author

be noted here that out of the 122 surveyed households therewere households from where more than one childr receivedfinancial assistance under education schemes like assistance forthe purpose of purchasing dress, slate/books etc.; scholarshipand performance based incentives. As we observed during oursurvey, there was a substantial number of children in theMehgaon dispensary areas belonging to mine and lime-kilnsworkers who were found not attending any school. The reasonwas the lack of any facility in the vicinity of the workersresidential area. Another reason was the fact that the workersbeing economically poor could not afford to sent their childrento any school.

If financial assistance would have been provided by theLabour Welfare Organisation, perhaps many children of thelimestone mine workers would have been able to attend school.

School-going Children

According to the figures in Table 9.2 there were 17.2 householdswith one school going children, 39.3 percent households with 2school going children, 28.7 percent households with 3 schoolgoing children. In addition, there are 11.5 and 2.5 percenthouseholds with 4 and 5 school going children. The rest onehousehold was found with 6 school going children.

106

Table 9.3 : Distribution of surveyed households by maleschool going children

No. of Frequency Percentmale child1 children 57 53.32 children 37 34.63 children 11 10.34 children 2 1.9Total 107 100.0Source: Field survey by the author

Table 9.4 : Distribution of surveyed households by no.of female school-going children

No. of girls child Frequency Percent

1 child 61 66.32 children 25 27.23 children 4 4.34 children 2 2.2Total 92 100.0


Male School-going Children

A further analysis (Table 9.3) shows that of the 117 households53.3 percent households were with one male school going child.There were 34.6, 10.3 and 1.9 percent households with 2, 3and 4 male school going children.

Female School-going Children

The figures in Table 9.4 show that out of 92 surveyed householdswho had female school going children, there were 66.3households with one female school going child, followed by27.2, 4.3 and 2.2 percent households with 2,3 and 4 schoolgoing children.

107

Table 9.5 : Distribution of surveyed households by type of schools/colleges where children are sent for education

Type of Institution Frequency Percent

Private school 10 8.2Government school 83 68.0Government aided school 29 23.8Total 122 100.0 Source: Field survey

Table 9.6 : Distribution of surveyed households bynumber of children who had receivedbenefit under education

No. of Children Frequency Percent

1 children 52 42.62 children 59 48.43 children 7 5.74 children 4 3.3Total 122 100.0 Source: Field survey

Type of Institutions

It can be observed in Table 9.5 that out of the total households8.2 percent respondents reported that they were sending theirchildren to private schools. The overwhelming majority was,however, sending their children to government schools (68.0)and 23.8 percent to government aided school.

Number of Children Benefited

Table 9.6 shows the distribution of surveyed households bynumber of children who had received financial assistance fromthe education scheme. It can be seen that there 42.6 percentsurveyed households from where one child each had beenbenefited. Another 48.4 percent surveyed households from which2 each from 5.7 and 3.3 percent households 3 and 4 childreneach had received benefit from the education scheme.

108

Table 9.7 : Distribution of beneficiary students byGender: Male

No. of Children Frequency Percent Percent

1 children 81 65.3 82.7

2 children 13 10.5 13.3

3 children 4 3.2 4.1

Total 98 79.0 100.0


Table 9.8 : Distribution of beneficiaries by Gender:Female

Frequency Percent

1 children 65 85.5

2 children 10 13.2

4 children 1 1.3

Total 76 100.0


Gender profile of Beneficiaries -Male

The figures in Table 9.7 show that one male student from 81.7respondents' family received benefit under the education scheme,followed by 2 students from 13.3 percent households and 3students from another 4.1 percent households.

Female Students

It can be observed in Table 9.8 that from 85.5 percenthouseholds from the total households surveyed, one female eachreceived assistance from education scheme of the Welfare Fund.From another 13.2 and 1.3 percent households 2 and 4 studentseach received educational assistance.

109

Table 9.9 : Distribution of respondents by number oftimes they received benefits

Frequency Percent

1 time 63 50.8

2 times 34 27.9

3 times 7 5.7

4 times 10 8.2

5 times 3 2.5

6 times 5 4.1

Total 122 100.0


Frequency of Benefits

The figures in Table 9.9 show that out of the total respondents50.8 percent reported that they had received educationalassistance only once, 27.9 percent received twice, 5.7 percentreceived 3 times, 8.2 percent received four times. The rest 2.5and 4.1 percent respondents received 5 and six times respectively.

Time taken to receive the Benefit

The process of obtaining any assistance from the welfarefund is a lengthy one. The figures in Table 9.10 clearlyindicate this. For example, out of the total beneficiaries, 0.8percent reported that it took 5 months, another 5.7 percentsaid it took 6 months, 53.3 percent reported that it tookone year while another 37.7 percent said it took more thanone year. For two beneficiaries it took 2 years. This thusclearly indicates how lengthy the process. This is the mostdiscouraging factor for the potential beneficiaries not takingany assistance from the Welfare Fund.

110

Mode of Payment

There has been lot of argument about mode of payment. Toclose loopholes, it was proposed that through cheque the amountcould be reimbursed. The figures in Table 9.11 show that out ofthe total beneficiaries 95.9 percent received their due amountin cash while 4.1 percent through cheque.

Table 9.10 : Time spent in process of taking benefit (inmonths/years)

Time period Frequency Percent

4 months 1 .8

5 months 1 .8

6 months 7 5.7

1 year 65 53.3

More than 1 year 46 37.7

2 year 2 1.6

Total 122 100.0


Table 9.11 : Mode of payment Cash/Kind

Mode of Payment Frequency Percent

Through cheque 5 4.1

Cash 117 95.9

Total 122 100.0


Difficulties Faced

The figures in Table 9.12 show that out of the total beneficiariesof educational assistance, 35.2 percent beneficiaries reportedthat they had faced some problems while 63.9 percent reportedotherwise.

111

Table 9.12 : Difficulty in getting benefits


Non-beneficiary 1 .8

Yes 43 35.2

No 78 63.9


Table 9.13 : Respondents' opinion about the usefulnessof the benefit

Frequency Valid Percent CumulativePercent

Yes 119 97.5 97.5

No 3 2.5 100.0

Total 122 100.0


Opinion about benefit of the Fund

The respondents were asked to express whether the fund wasbeneficial to them. In response, the overwhelming number(97.5 percent) reported that it was beneficial. Only a negligible2.5 percent said it was not.

Bank Account

Of late, it is being insisted upon that the beneficiaries/workersshould preferably have bank account. It hence, becomes easierfor the Labour Welfare Organisation to reimburse the amountdirectly to the beneficiaries. Otherwise, there remains chancesof its being siphoned by others.

112

In our survey of 124 households heads it was found thatthe majority did not have any bank account (71.0). Only aboutone third of the respondent household heads had their accountin banks.

Table 9.14 : Do you have your bank account?

Frequency Percent

1 .8

Yes 35 28.2

No 88 71.0

Total 124 100.0


Maternity Schemes

In the sample we found only one beneficiary of maternityscheme, and she received benefit from the scheme in 1999 andthe amount was Rs. 250.00. It may be mentioned here thatduring the very year only 3 female limestone workers receivedbenefit under this scheme and she was from the MehgaonDispensary.

Spectacle Scheme

In 2003, there were three beneficiaries of spectaclescheme, and one of them was from the survey area. Thebeneficiary worker received one spectacle from the LabourWelfare Organisation, Jabalpur.

Treatment for T.B.

For treatment of T.B. two workers obtained Rs. 1500 andRs. 4000 in 2000 and 2002 respectively in the survey area.

It is noted here that during 2003 there was no case ofT.B. patient who had applied for financial assistance from theLabour Welfare Organisation.

113

CHAPTER X

Recommendations and Conclusion

Though the Limestone and Dolomite Mine Workers WelfareFund has now been in operation for more than 30 years sinceits inception, our study shows that the benefit of the fund hasnot reached to the workers properly. Because of certain eligibilityconditions, a large number of workers have not been in a positionto obtain benefits. And one of the hindrance is the fact thatmajority of the workers being causal and contract labour theirnames did not figure in employers B register. To such workers,the employers did not issue any identity cards. And lack ofidentity card means deprivation from receiving any benefit. Inthe present study it is amply evident that though a large numberof workers were found in the limestone and dolomite mines,yet those who were permanent, they received some financialassistance especially from education schemes. Keeping this inview the following measures are recommended for improvementin the functioning of the Limestone and Dolomite Mine WorkersWelfare Fund:

¨ A survey should be conducted in all the locations ofLimestone and Dolomite mining areas to ascertain thenumber of workers.

¨ The nature of employment of the workers should beexamined so as to study the emerging scenarios inemployment relations.

¨ A meeting should be organised involving three parties- thegovernment (Labour Department, Labour WelfareCommission) workers/ representatives and employers.During our study it was suggested by the employers thatthey would like to issue work certificate if they wereconvinced that this would not lead to any problem.

¨ Since most the workers are engaged as contractual orcasual labourers, it would be advisable that they are issued

114

identity cards by Labour Department/Labour WelfareOrganisation.

¨ In order to issue identity cards to genuine limestone anddolomite mine workers, it would be advisable to issue it atthe worksite.

¨ Cess should be levied on limestone kilns, as a large numbersof people are employed in the kilns. Most of the workersare highly disadvantaged as they do not have any kind ofsafety net in any event of lean times.

¨ As most of mine workers live in villages and hamlets, thereshould be special provision by the Labour WelfareOrganisation to run special schools upto middle level.

¨ Civil societies, like NGOs, Trade unions, etc. with goodtract records, could be encouraged to take up such activitiesin the areas of concentrations of mine workers.

¨ Civil societies could be given grants-in-aid to undertakesuch activities.

¨ Identity cards for mine workers (Limestone and Dolomiteworkers) must be issued by the welfare commission or byits operating agencies i.e. Dispensary. In this process ofissuing identity cards the Labour Welfare Organisation cantake help from other voluntary agencies like unions ofworkers and NGOs. Local administration and villagepanchayat should also be involved in the process. Becausepanchayat member know all the workers.

¨ Identity cards should be issued in the workplaces i.e. insidethe mines and stone bricks yards. It was observed duringthe study that there are separate colonies or basties ofmine workers near the main villages, where they live inhuts. There is no water, no light and they also earn less.They are dependent completely on mine works, and donot have any other sources of livelihood. There are several

115

of such basties in the surveyed areas namely Nanwaracrossing basti, Badari Kala, Mehgaon crossing adiwasi basti,Amehata katala, Naya gaon ka Khirak, Vijrahogarh moreki basti and so on.

¨ A village-wise general survey should be conducted beforeissuing identity cards. Because there may be two categoriesof workers working inside the mines and others in relatedworks.

(i) Some people do not have any other source oflivelihood. They are full time mine workers.

(ii) Some have a little agricultural land. So they workpart-time in the mines.

The above should be kept view at the time of issuing identitycards. Because it was observed during the study that the fulltime workers, except managerial team are a deprived lot. Theyget low wages. Though they conduct most of the tasks relatedto the mines but get wage far below the other workers.

¨ Awareness: There is very negligible knowledge about thewelfare schemes and programmes. All the schemes areunknown to the workers except scholarship scheme. Italso depends on the mercy of dispensary and schoolmanagement. For instance-:

(i) Dispensary doesn't give application form withoutletters from the management.

(ii) If one received application than mine managementdo not verify it.

(iii) In the end, the school administration takes moneyfor verifying and submitting. If one refuses to givemoney to them they leave some loopholes inapplication forms. There are a lot of cases whenstudents paid their fees from the scholarship amount

116

and there are also some examples when studentscould not give their fees due to their bad economicconditions. They attended the school with the hopethat they would pay their fees on getting scholarshipbut when they did not get they dropped out from theschool. For instance, Manoj urf Babbu, S/o ShriBodka Kaul, Mr. Shivratan (VIII), S/o BankelalAdiwasi were the students of Shramdham school,Mehgaon, are some examples who were forced togive up their studies due to non-payment of theirfees. According to their teachers both of them werevery brilliant students. But they could not pay theirfees for a single month, hence the administration didnot permit them to take exams. Babbu told the feamthat he submitted the application form but could notget scholarship, and he did not know why?

¨ Keeping in view the above examples, some rules andregulations some steps should be defined for dispensarystaff or the operating agency.

1. Dispensary should organise awareness camps in theschools, in which it should invite parents, studentsand teachers or school administration. Dispensarystaff should give all the necessary information in thesemeetings.

2. School administration should be responsible forrejection of applications.

3. Names of the benefited candidates and amountsreleased by the commission should also be displayedon the notice boards of the schools.

¨ In connection with other schemes the dispensary shouldbe responsible like schools. The following steps can createawareness about welfare schemes.

(i) Dispensary staff should visit the mines regularly.

117

(ii) They should not only check the health of the workersbut also give the information about other schemes.

(iii) Most of the workers are illiterate so audio cassettesrelated to the information about welfare schemescan be used.

(iv) Display charts about the welfare schemes should alsobe established in working places and in the coloniesof workers.

(v) There should be regular checking of all thedispensaries, its routine work and progress.

118

Conclusion

The study of the operation of the Limestone and DolomiteMines Workers Welfare Fund clearly shows that still some specificefforts are to be made to use the fund in the effective andefficient manner.

The study found that despite a great scope, the dispensarylocated at village Mehgaon has done precise little to createawareness among the mine workers in the neighbouring villages.This effort would have helped a large number of disadvantagedmines workers availing them medical and educational benefitsoffered by the Labour Welfare Organisation.

As the study clearly indicates, whatever benefits had beenavailable to the respondents beneficiaries here, that had been agreat help to their children's education. The response elicitedon this account clearly corroborates this fact.

It was found during the survey that some officials on somefilmsy ground or lack of proper understanding of the rules andregulations, simple rejected a sizeable number of applicationsforwarded by workers. This could have been avoided by properorientation of the concerned officials of the Labour WelfareOrganisation.

The study clearly underscores a fact that many non-eligibleand non-mine workers had been taking undue advantage of thisfund. This is indeed a matter of great concern. This should bechecked by proper verification of the antecedents of theapplicants.

Finally, we would like to emphasise that the scope of the fundcould be widened. This would cover Lime Kiln workers as well.

119

Annexure - I

The Limestone and Dolomite Mines LabourWelfare Fund Act, 19721

[Act 62 of 1972 as amended by Acts 70 of 19822 and 15 of 1987]

[2nd December, 1972]

C O N T E N T S

Sections1. Short title, extent and commencement2. Definitions3. Levy and collection of cess on limestone and dolomite4. Payment of duty of excise5. Application of proceeds of duty of excise6. Advisory Committees7. Central Advisory Committee7A. Power to co-opt etc.8. Appointment of Inspectors etc., and their powers9. Power of Central Government to exempt10. Annual report of activities financed under the Act11. Interest payable by occupiers of factories and owners

of mines12. Penalty for non-payment of duty of excise within

the prescribed period13. Recovery of amounts due under this Act14. Penalty for evasion of duty of excise15. Offences by companies16. Power to make rules

1. Received the assent of the President on the Dec. 2,1972, published in the Gaz.Of India (Extraordinary), Pt. II, S.1, p. 887, dt. Dec. 2, 1972.

2. Received the assent of the President on Nov. 13,1982 (1982 CCL – II-322).

120

An Act to provide for the levy and collection of a cess onlimestone and dolomite for the financing of activities to

promote the welfare of persons employed in thelimestone and dolomite mines

Be it enacted by Parliament in the Twenty-third Year of theRepublic of India as follows:

1. Short title, extent and commencement - (1) This Actmay be called the Limestone and Dolomite Mines LabourWelfare Fund Act, 1972.(2) It extends to the whole of India.(3) It shall come into force on such date as the CentralGovernment may, by notification in the Official Gazetteappoint and different dates may be appointed for differentStates.Note – The Act came into force on Dec. 1, 1973 videG.S.R. 1272, dated 14-11-1973. See 1974 LLT – III-60.

2. Definitions – (1) In this Act, unless the context otherwiserequires, -

(a) “agent” and “owner” have the meanings respectivelyassigned to them in clauses (c) and (l) of sub-section (1) ofSection 2 of the Mines Act, 1952;

(b) “factory” and “occupier” have the meanings respectivelyassigned to them in clauses (m) and (n) of Section 2 of theFactories Act, 1948;3[(bb) “limestone” includes minerals like lime-shell,calcareous sand and sea sand essentially composedof lime-shell, marl, kankar or lime-kankar;].

(c) “manager” means the manager referred to in Section 17of the Mines Act, 1952;

(d) a person is said to be employed in a limestone or dolomitemine, -

3. Ins. By Act 70 of 1982.

121

(1) if he is employed within the premises or in the vicinity ofsuch mine by the owner, agent or manager of such mine orby a contractor or any other agency exclusively in any oneor more of the following, namely :-

(i) any limestone or dolomite mining operation;

(ii) the operation, servicing, maintenance or repair of anymachinery or any part thereof used in or about such mine ;

(iii) the loading, unloading or despatch of limestone or dolomiteor any other material connected with the mining of limestoneor dolomite;

(iv) any work in any office, canteen or crèche situate within theprecincts of such mine;

(v) any welfare, health, sanitary or conservancy services orany such watch and ward duties at any place situate withinsuch premises or vicinity, not being a place occupied by anyresidential building; or

(2) if, in any such area as may be notified by the CentralGovernment in the Official Gazette in this behalf, he isemployed by the owner, agent or manager of such mine orby a contractor or any other agency exclusively in the loading,unloading or despatch of limestone or dolomite or any othermaterial connected with the mining of lime-stone ordolomite;

(e) “prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under this Act.

3. Levy and collection of cess on limestone anddolomite - With effect from such date as the CentralGovernment may by notification in the Official Gazette,appoint, there shall be levied and collected as a cess forthe purposes of this Act on so much of limestone anddolomite produced in any mine –

122

(i) as is sold or otherwise disposed of to the occupier of anyfactory; or

(ii) as is used by the owner of such mine for any purpose inconnection with the manufacture of cement, 4[iron, steel,ferro-alloys, alloy steels, chemicals, sugar, paper fertilizers,refractories, iron ore pelletisation or such other article orgoods or class of articles or goods, as the CentralGovernment may, from time to time, specify by notificationin the Official Gazette];a duty of excise, at such rate not exceeding one rupee permetric tonne of limestone or dolomite, as the case maybe, as the Central Government may, from time to time,fix by notification in the Official Gazette.

Explanation — Where the owner of any limestone ordolomite mine is also the occupier of any factory, then, for thepurposes of clause (ii), all limestone or dolomite, as the casemay be, produced in the mine and not sold or otherwise disposedof to the occupier of any other factory shall be deemed, unlessthe contrary is proved, to have been used by such owner forany purpose in connection with the manufacture of 5[any articleor goods referred to in or specified under clause (ii)].

Note – The Central Government levied at the rate of 20paise per metric tonne of Limestone or Dolomite, as the casemay be, the duty of excise w.e.f. 1-12-1973 vide G.S.R. 1274,dated 15-11-1973.

4. Payment of duty of excise – (1) Every duty of exciseleviable under this Act on limestone or dolomite shall be payable –

(a) to the occupier of the factory, by the person by whomsuch limestone or dolomite is sold or otherwise disposedof to such occupier;

(b) to the Central Government, by the owner of the limestoneor dolomite mine where the limestone or dolomite is usedby such owner for any purpose in connection with the

4. Subs. by Act 70 of 1982 and shall be deemed always to have been substituted

5. Subs. by Act 70 of 1982 and shall be deemed always to have been substituted.

123

manufacture of 6[any article or goods referred to in orspecified under clause (ii) of Section 3],within such period as may be prescribed.

(2) All amounts referred to in clause (a) of sub–section (1)shall be collected by the occupier of the factory in suchmanner, and paid by him to the Central Government withinsuch period, as may be prescribed.

5. Application of proceeds of duty of excise – (1) Anamount equivalent to the proceeds of the duty of exciselevied under this Act, reduced by the cost of collection asdetermined by the Central Government, together withany income from investment of the said amount and anyother moneys received by the Central Government forthe purposes of this Act, shall, after due appropriationmade by Parliament by law, be paid to the credit of a fundto be called the Limestone and Dolomite Labour WelfareFund (hereinafter referred to as the Fund).

(2) The Fund shall be applied by the Central Government tomeet the expenditure incurred in connection with measureswhich, in the opinion of that Government, are necessaryor expedient to promote the welfare of persons employedin the limestone or dolomite mines; and in particular —

(a) to defray the cost of measures for the benefit of personsemployed in the limestone or dolomite mines directedtowards –

(i) the improvement of public health and sanitation, theprevention of disease and the provision and improvementof medical facilities ;

(ii) the provision and improvement of water supplies andfacilities for washing;

(iii) the provision and improvement of educational facilities ; 7[* * * ]

6. Subs. by Act 70 of 1982 and shall be deemed always to have been substituted.7. Deleted by Act 15 of 1987.

124

(iv) the improvement of standards of living including housingand nutrition, the amelioration of social conditions as theprovision of recreational facilities ;8[v) the provision of family welfare, including familyplanning education and welfare];

(b) to grant loan or subsidy to a State Government, a localauthority or the owner of a limestone or dolomite mine,in aid of any scheme approved by the Central Governmentfor any purpose connected with the welfare of personsemployed in limestone or dolomite mines;

(c) to pay annually grants-in-aid to such of the owners oflimestone or dolomite mines who provide to the satisfactionof the Central Government welfare facilities of theprescribed standard for the benefit of persons employedin their mines, so, however, that the amount payable asgrants–in–aid to any such owner shall not exceed –

(i) the amount spent by him in the provision of welfare facilitiesdetermined by the Central Government or any personsspecified by it in this behalf, or

(ii) such amount as may be prescribed,whichever is less:

Provided that no grant-in-aid shall be payable in respectof any welfare facilities provided by the owner of alimestone or dolomite mine where the amount spentthereon determined as aforesaid is less than the amountprescribed in this behalf;

(d) to meet the allowances, if any, of the members of the AdvisoryCommittees and the Central Advisory Committee constitutedunder Section 6 and 7 respectively and salaries andallowances, if any, of persons appointed under Section 8;

(e) any other expenditure which the Central Government maydirect to be defrayed from the Fund.

8. Ins. By Act 15 of 1987

125

6. Advisory Committees – (1) The Central Governmentmay constitute as many Advisory Committees as it thinksfit, but not exceeding one for each of the principal limestoneor dolomite producing States, to advise the CentralGovernment on such matters arising out of theadministration of this Act as may be referred to it by thatGovernment, including matters relating to the applicationof the Fund.

(2) Each Advisory Committee shall consist of such number ofpersons as may be appointed to it by the CentralGovernment and the members shall be chosen in suchmanner as many as may be prescribed:

Provided that each Advisory Committee shall include anequal number of members representing the Government,the owners of limestone and dolomite mines and the personsemployed in the limestone and dolomite mines and that atleast one member of each such Committee shall be awoman.

(3) The Chairman of each Advisory Committee shall beappointed by the Central Government.

(4) The Central Government shall publish in the OfficialGazette the names of all members of every AdvisoryCommittee.

7. Central Advisory Committee – (1) The CentralGovernment may constitute a Central Advisory Committeeto co-ordinate the work of the Advisory Committeesconstituted under Section 6 and to advise the CentralGovernment on any matter arising out of the administrationof this Act.

(2) The Central Advisory Committee shall consist of suchnumber of persons as may be appointed to it by the CentralGovernment and the members shall be chosen in suchmanner as may be prescribed:

126

Provided that the Central Advisory Committee shall includean equal number of members representing the Government,the owners of limestone and dolomite mines and the personsemployed in the limestone and dolomite mines.

(3) The Chairman of the Central Advisory Committee shallbe appointed by the Central Government.

(4) The Central Government shall publish in the OfficialGazette the names of all members of the Central AdvisoryCommittee.9[7-A. Power to co-opt etc - (1) An Advisory Committeeor the Central Advisory Committee may, at any time andfor such period as it thinks fit, co-opt any person or personsto the Committee.(2) A person co-opted under sub-section (1) to a Committeeshall exercise and discharge all the powers and functionsof a member thereof, but shall not be entitled to vote.]

8. Appointment of Inspectors, etc., and their powers –(1) The Central Government may appoint as many10[Welfare Commissioners, Welfare Administrators,Inspectors] and such other officers and staff as it thinksnecessary for the purposes of this Act.

(2) Every person so appointed shall be deemed to be a publicservant within the meaning of Section 21 of the IndianPenal Code.

(3) 11[Any Welfare Commissioner, Welfare Administrator orInspector] may, -

(a) with such assistance, if any, as he may think fit, enter atany reasonable time, any place which he considers itnecessary to enter for carrying out the purposes of thisAct ;

9. Ins. by Act 70 of 198210. Subs. by Act 70 of 198211. Subs. by Act 70 of 1982

127

(b) do within such place anything necessary for the properdischarge of his duties; and

(c) exercise such other powers as may be prescribed.

9. Power of Central Government to exempt –Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, if the CentralGovernment is satisfied that there is in force in any State orpart thereof a law making adequate provision for thefinancing of activities to promote the welfare of personsemployed in the limestone or dolomite mines, it may, bynotification in the Official Gazette, direct that all or any ofthe provisions of this Act shall not apply or shall apply tosuch State or part thereof subject to such exceptions andmodifications as may be specified in the notification.

10. Annual report of activities financed under the Act –The Central Government shall, as soon as may be, afterthe end of each financial year cause to be published in theOfficial Gazette a report giving an account of its activitiesfinanced under this Act during the previous financial year,together with a statement of accounts.

11. Interest payable by occupiers of factories and ownersof mines – If any occupier of a factory or any owner of alimestone or dolomite mine fails to pay any amount payableby him to the Central Government under Section 4 withinthe period prescribed therefor under that section, suchoccupier or owner, as the case may be, shall be liable topay simple interest at twelve percent per annum on theamount to be paid, from the date on which such payment isdue till such amount is actually paid.

12. Penalty for non-payment of duty of excise withinthe prescribed period – If any duty of excise payable bythe occupier of the factory or the owner of the limestoneor dolomite mine to the Central Government under Section4 is not paid to that Government within the periodprescribed thereunder it shall be deemed to be in arrears

128

and the authority, prescribed in this behalf may, aftersuch inquiry as it deems fit, impose on the occupier of thefactory or, as the case may be, on the owner of thelimestone or dolomite mine a penalty not exceeding theamount of duty of excise in arrears :Provided that before imposing any such penalty suchoccupier or such owner, as the case may be, shall be givena reasonable opportunity of being heard and, if after suchhearing the said authority is satisfied that the default wasfor any good and sufficient reason, no penalty shall beimposed under this section.

13. Recovery of amounts due under this Act – Any amountdue under this Act (including the interest or penalty, ifany, payable under Section 11 or Section 12, as the casemay be) from any occupier of a factory or any owner of alimestone or dolomite mine may be recovered by theCentral Government in the same manner as an arrear ofland revenue.

14. Penalty for evasion of duty of excise – (1) Whoeverwillfully or intentionally evades or attempts to evade thepayment of duty of excise payable by him to the CentralGovernment under this Act, shall, on conviction, bepunishable with imprisonment which may extend to sixmonths or with fine which may extend to one thousandrupees, or with both.

(2) No Court shall take cognizance of an offencepunishable under this section, save on a complaint madeby or under the authority of the Central Government.

15. Offences by companies – (1) Where an offence underthis Act has been committed by a company, every personwho at the time the offence was committed was in chargeof, and was responsible to the company for the conduct ofthe business of the company, as well as the company,shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be

129

liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly:Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shallrender any such person liable to any punishment, if heproves that the offence was committed without hisknowledge or that he had exercised all due diligence toprevent the commission of such offence.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section(1), where any offence under this Act has been committedby a company and it is proved that the offence has beencommitted with the consent or connivance of, or isattributable to any neglect on the part of, any director,manager, secretary or other officer of the company, suchdirector, manager, secretary or other officer shall bedeemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable tobe proceeded against and punished accordingly.

Explanation – For the purpose of this section, -

(a) “company” means anybody corporate and includes a firmor other association of individuals; and

(b) “director”, in relation to a firm, means a partner in thefirm.

16. Power to make rules:- (1) The Central Governmentmay, by notification in the Official Gazette and subject tothe condition of previous publication, make rules forcarrying out the purposes of this Act.

(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality ofthe foregoing power, such rules may provide for —

(a) the assessment and collection of the duty of excise leviedunder this Act;

(b) the period within which the person selling or otherwisedisposing of the limestone or dolomite to the occupier ofthe factory shall pay the duty of excise to such occupier ;

(c) the period within which the owner of the limestone ordolomite mine shall pay the duty of excise to the CentralGovernment ;

130

(d) the manner in which the occupier of the factory shallcollect the duty of excise ;

(e) the period within which the occupier of the factory shallpay to the Central Government the duty of excise collectedby him;

(f) the determination of the cost of collection of the duty ofexcise levied under this act ;

(g) the manner in which the Fund may be applied for themeasures specified in Section 5 ;

(h) the conditions governing the grant of loan or subsidy underclause (b) of sub-section (2) of Section 5 ;

(i) the standard of welfare facilities to be provided by ownersof limestone or dolomite mines for the purposes of clause(c) of sub-section (2) of Section 5 ;

(j) the determination of the amounts referred to in sub-clause(ii) of clause (c) of sub-section (2) of Section 5 and in theproviso to that clause ;

(k) the composition of the Advisory Committees and theCentral Advisory Committee constituted under Sections 6and 7 respectively, the manner in which the membersthereof shall be chosen, the term of office of such members,the allowances, if any , payable to them , and the mannerin which the said Advisory Committees and the CentralAdvisory Committee shall conduct their business ;

(l) the recruitment, conditions of service and the duties of allpersons appointed under Section 80 ;

(m) the powers that may be exercised by 12[a WelfareCommissioner or a Welfare Administrator or an Inspector]under Section 8 ;

(n) the furnishing to the Central Government by the occupierof factories, [the purchasing agents or stockists of limestone

12. Subs. by Act 70 of 1982

131

or dolomite]13 and the owners, agents or managers oflimestone or dolomite mines, of such statistical and otherinformation as may be required to be furnished from timeto time by that Government ;

(o) the authority which may impose any penalty underSection 12 ;

(3) In making any rule under clause (b) or clause (n) of sub-section (2), the Central Government may direct that abreach thereof shall be punishable with fine which mayextend to five hundred rupees.

(4) Every rule made under this section shall be laid, as soon asmay be after it is made, before each House of Parliament,while it is in session, for a total period of thirty days whichmay be comprised in one session or in two or moresuccessive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the sessionimmediately following the session or the successive sessionsaforesaid, both Houses agree in making any modificationin the rule or both Houses agree that the rule should notbe made, the rule shall thereafter have effect only in suchmodified form or be of no effect, as the case may be ; sohowever , that any such modification or annulment shallbe without prejudice to the validity of anything previouslydone under that rule.

13. Ins. By Act 70 of 1982

132

Rules: - For Limestone and Dolomite Mines LabourWelfare Fund Rules, 1973 see 1974 SCC (L&S) (j) 13 and1991 CCL-III-120 and 422.

The Limestone & Dolomite Mines Labour WelfareFund (Amendment) Act, 1982

[Act 70 of 1982]

An Act to amend the Limestone and Dolomite Mines LabourWelfare Fund Act, 1972

Be it enacted by Parliament in the Thirty-third Year of theRepublic of India as follows :-

1. Short title - This Act may be called the Limestone andDolomite Mines Labour Welfare Fund (Amendment) Act,1982.

* * *

Validation - Notwithstanding any judgment, decree ororder of any court, tribunal or other authority, -

(a) all duties of excise levied, assessed or collected or purportedto have been levied, assessed or collected under the principalAct before the commencement of this Act shall, for allpurposes, be deemed to be, and to have always been, asvalidly and effectively levied, assessed or collected as if theprovisions of Sections 3 and 4 of the principle Act asamended by Sections 3 and 4 of this Act had been inforce at all material times ;

(b) no suit or proceeding shall be maintained or continued inany court for the refund of, and no enforcement shall bemade by any court of any decree or order directing therefund of, any such duty of excise which had been collectedand which would have been validly collected if theprovisions of Sections 3 and 4 of the principal Act, asamended by Sections 3 and 4 of this Act, had been inforce at all material times ;

133

(c) refunds shall be made of all such duties of excise whichhave been collected but which would not have been socollected if the provisions of Section 3 and 4 of the principalAct, as amended by Sections 3 and 4 of this Act, hadbeen in force at all material times ;

(d) recoveries shall be made of all such duties of excise whichhave not been collected or, as the case may be, whichhave been refunded but which would have been collectedor, as the case may be, would not have been refunded ifthe provisions of Sections 3 and 4 of the principal Act, asamended by Sections 3 and 4 of this Act, had been inforce at all material times.

Explanation :- For the removal of doubts, it is herebydeclared that no act or omission on the part of any person,before the commencement of this Act, shall be punishableas an offence which would not have been so punishable ifthis Act had not come into force.

134

Annexure - II

LIST OF DISPENSARIES UNDER LIMESTONE &DOLOMITE MINES LABOUR WELFARE FUND

Hyderabad Region

State Tamilnadu

1. Mobile Dispensary, Erode.

Jabalpur Region

State Madhya Pradesh

1. Static –cum-Mobile Dispensary, Maihar, Distt. Satna

2. Static – cum-Mobile Dispensary, Mehagaon Distt. Jabalpur

3. Ayurvedic Dispensary, Mugdra, Distt. Mandala

4. Ayurvedic Dispensary, Sangmania, Distt. Satna

5. Ayurvedic Dispensary, Pahari, Distt. Satna

State –Chhatisgarh

1. Static – cum – Mobile Dispensary, Raipur

2. Static –cum-Mobile Dispensary, Patheria

3. Ayurvedic Dispensary, Nandini, Distt. Durg

4. Ayurvedic Dispensary, Braduar, Distt. Bilaspur

5. Ayurvedic Dispensary, Matialpur, Distt. Raipur

Bhubaneswar Region

State Orissa

1. Mobile Dispensary, Birmitrapur

2. Maternity –cum-child welfare Centre, Birmitrapur

|

135

Nagpur Region

State Maharashtra

1. Ayurvedic Dispensary, Wani

Allahabad Region

State –Himachal Pradesh

1. Static Dispensary, Sataun

Bhilwara Region

State Gujarat

1. Static –cum-Mobile Dispensary, Ranavav, Distt. Junagarh

2. Mobile Dispensary, Gadu, Distt. Junagarh

3. Static Dispensary, Dungarpur Quarry, Distt. Junagarh

4. Ayurvedic Dispensary, Bhanvad

State Rajasthan

1. Static –cum-Mobile Dispensary, Upli Oden, Distt. Udaipur

2. Static-cum-Mobile Dispensary, Daroli, Distt. Udaipur

3. Mobile Dispensary, Satalkheri, Distt. Kota

4. Mobile Dispensary, Chanderiya

5. Ayurvedic Dispensary, Neemkathana

6. Static –cum - Mobile Dispensary, Gotan

7. Ayurvedic Dispensary, Asthal, Distt. Jaipur

8. Ayurvedic Dispensary, Sanu. Distt. Jaisalmer

9. Ayurvedic Dispensary, Atabda, Distt. Bali

136

10. Ayurvedic Dispensary, Lakheri

11. Static –cum-Mobile Dispensary, Chhota Udaipur

Karma Region

State Bihar

1. Mobile Dispensary, Banjari (Rohtas)

Mobile Dispensary, Bhavanthpur, Distt. Palamu

137

001/2000 Labour Market Institutions in Globalized Economy:

Some Issues in the Indian Context

� C. S. K. Singh

002/2000 Dynamics of Labour Market in Kerala

� S.K. Sasikumar & S. Raju

003/2000 Women and Labour Market: A Macro Economic Study

� Neetha N

004/2000 Mode of Payment of Minimum Wages in Bihar

� Navin Chandra & Nikhil Raj

005/2000 Payment of Minimum Wages in Kind and Perceptions

Regarding the Mode of Payment

� S.S. Suryanarayanan & Rajan K.E. Varghese

006/2000 Minimum Wages and Mode of Payment: The Case of

Punjab

� Ruma Ghosh

007/2000 Rural Wages: On Developing an Analytical Framework

� Babu P. Remesh

008/2000 Employment in Food Processing Industries

� S.S. Suryanarayanan & B. V.I.N. Rao

009/2000 Determinants of Rural Wages,: An Inquiry Across

Occupations

� Babu P. Rernesh, J. Jeyaranjan & A.C.K.

Nambiar

010/2000 Adverse Sex Ratio and Labour Market Participation of

Women: Trends, Patterns and Linkages

NLI Research Studies Series

138


� Neetha N

011/2000 Children of Carpet Looms: A Study of Home-based

Productions of Carpet in Uttar Pradesh

� Nikhil Raj and Ravi Srivastava

012/2000 Child Labour in Slate Industry of Markapur in the Wake

of Legislation

� K. Suman Chandra, R. Vidyasagar and Y Gangi

Reddy

013/2000 Child Labour in Moradabad Home-Based Industries in

the Wake of Legislation

� Ashish Ghosh, Helen R. Sekar

014/2000 Child labour in Bulandshahar District of Uttar Pradesh

� Tapan Kumar Pachal

015/2001 Outline of a History of Labour in Traditional Small-Scale

Industry in India

� Tirthankar Roy

016/2001 Gender and Class: Women in Indian Industry, 1920-1990

� Samita Ben

017/2001 The Politics of the Labour Movement: An Essay on

Differential Aspirations

� Dilip Simeon

018/2001 Child Labour in Home Based Lock Industries of Aligarh

� Helen R. Sekar, Noor Mohammad

019/2001 Child Labour in Diamond Industry of Surat

� Kiran Desai, Nikhil Raj

139


020/2001 Gender and Technology: Impact of Flexible Organisation

and Production on Female Lab,our in the Tiruppur

Knitwear Industry

� Neetha N

021/2001 Organisational Structure, Labour Relations and

Employment in Kancheepuram Silk Weaving

� Babu P. Remesh

022/2001 International Labour Migration from Independent India

� S.K. Sasikumar

023/2001 Cine Workers Welfare Fund in India

� M.M. Rehman

024/2001 Child Labour in Knitwear Industry of Tiruppur

� J. Jayaranjan

025/2001 Child Labour in the Home Based Gem Polishing Industry

of Jaipur

� Kanchan Mathur, Ruma Ghosh

02612001 Unorganised Workers of Delhi and the Seven Day Strike

of 1988

� Indrani Mazumdar

027L2001 Death of an Industrial City: Testimonies.of Life Around

Bombay Textile Strike of 1982

� Hemant Babu

028/2001 Child Labour in the Home Based Match Industries of

Sivakasi

� R. Vidyasagar; Girija Kumarababu

140


029/2001 Migration in the North-Eastern Region during 1901-1991

and Emerging Environmental Distress: A Case Study of

Deforestation in Assam

� Suresh Chand Aggarwal & Pushpam Kumar

030/2001 Women Weavers of Sualkuchi, The Silk Town of Assam

� OKD Institute

031/2002 Cash and in-kind Modes of Wage Payment in

Maharashtra

� C.S.K. Singh

032/2002 Child Labour in the Knife Industry of Rampur

� Ashish Ghosh & Helen R. Sekar

033/2002 Labour Contracts and Work Agreements in Tea

Plantations of Assam

� Kalyan Das

034/2002 Organising and Empowering Rural Labour: Lessons

from Kancheepuram in Tamil Nadu

� Babu P Remesh

035/2002 Child Labour in Chrompet Leather Manufacturing Units

of Tamil Nadu

� J. Jeyaranjan

036/2002 Trade Unionism in South Indian Film Industry

� S. Theodore Baskaran

037/2002 Migration, Social Networking and Employment: A Study

of Domestic Workers in Delhi

� Neetha N.

141


038/2002 Study of Child Labour in the Zardosi and Hathari Units

of Varanasi

� J. John & Ruma Ghosh

039/2002 Organising Rural Labour for Effective Participation in

Development

� M.M. Rehman & Surinder Pratap

040/2002 Child Labour in the Glass Bangle Industry of Firozabad

� Ruma Ghosh Singh & Rajeev Sharma

041/2002 Organising Rural Labour for Effective Participation in

Development in Khurja

� Poonam S. Chauhan

042/2002 Labour Market & Employment Assessment A District

Level Analysis

� Uday Kumar Varma & S.K. Sasikumar

043/2002 Wage Structure and Labour: Assam Valley Tea

Plantations, 1900-1947

� Rana Pratap- Behal

044/2003 Oral History Documentation of Indian Labour Movement

� Anil Rajimwale; Krishna Jha and Bobby Poulose

045/2003 Status of Labour Welfare Measures in the Factories of

NOIDA: A Case Study of Garment & Hosiery Industry

� Sanjay Upadhyaya

046/2003 Labour History and the Question of Culture

� Chitra Joshi

142


047/2003 Child Labour in Hazardous Industries: The Case of

Slaughter - House and Allied Occupations

� Helen R. Sekar

048/2003 The Politics of Representation in the Indian Labour

Diaspora

� Prabhu Mahapatra

049/2003 Labour Histories: Agrarian Labour and Colonialism

� Neeladri Bhattacharya

050/2004 Labour Laws, Contractual Parameters and Conditions

of Construction Workers: A Study in Chennai

� S.S. Suryanarayanan

051/2004 Labour in Business Process Outsourcing: A Case Study

of Call Centre Agents

� Babu P Remesh

052/2004 Labour, Employment and Gender Issues in EPZs: The

Case of NEPZ

� Neetha N. & Uday Kumar Varma

053/2004 Labour Relations in Small Holding Plantations: The Case

of Rubber Tappers in Kerala

� Babu P. Remesh

054/2004 Contractual Arrangements in the Tea Plantations of Tamil

Nadu

� K Nagraj & L. Vedavalli

143


055/2004 Child Labour in Urban Informal Sector: A Study of

Ragpickers in NOIDA

� Helen R. Sekar

056/2004 Size, Composition and Characteristics of Informal Sector

in India

� Anoop Satpathy

057/2004 Brick Kiln Workers; A Study, of Labour Process and

Migration

� Ruma Ghosh

058/2004 Impact of Anti-Tobacco-Legislation on the Livelihoods

of the Beed! Rollers, Tobacco Cultivators and Tendu Leaf

Collectors


059/2004 Skills Development System: A Micro Level Evidence

� Shashi Bala

060/2004 Immobilising Labour: Regulation of Indentured Labour

in Assam and the British West Indies, 1830-1926

� Prabhu P. Mohapatra

061/2004 Labour Forms and International Labour Flows in the

Context of North-South Relationship: An Overview

� Sabyasachi Bhattacharya

062/2005 Migration and Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS: Towards

Evolving Viable Intervention Strategies


144

063/2005 Vocational Training for Rehabilitation of Labour: A Case

Study of NCLP Schools and MAYA

� Shashi Bala

064/2005 Organising Rural Labour: Case of Chittorgarh,

Rajasthan


065/2005 Trade liberalization and Indian Agriculture: A Discussion

on Food Security Concerns in the WTO regime

� Ashutosh Kumar Tripathi

066/2005 Labour, Employment and Social Security Issues in

Education Industry: A Case Study of Private Schools of

NOIDA


067/2005 Opportunities and Challenges before the Construction

Workers in the Globalized Era: The Indian Case

� Priyadarsan Amitav Khuntia

068/2005 Workers� Association in the New Service Sector with

Special Reference to Labour Standards

� Jyoti Sinha

069/2005 Gender Implications of Trade Expansion in the Context

of WTO: The Case of Textile and Clothing Industries

� Laimayum Basanti Devi

070/2005 Work and Workers in the New Economy: A Study of

Work Organisation and Labour Process in the Context

of General Agreement on Trade in Services

� Sajikumar S


145

071/2006 From Leather Artisans to Brick-Kiln Workers Narratives

of Weary Travellers

� Subodh Varma, Mahesh Kumar

072/2006 Impact of Privatisation on Labour : A study of BALCO

Disinvestment

� Babu P. Ramesh

073/2006 Migrant Women and Wage Employment: Exploring

Issues of Work and Identity Among Health Care

Professionals

� Sumangala Damodaran, Krishna Menon

074/2007 Impact of Technological Change on the Demand for Child

Labour in Brassware Industry of Moradabad

� Helen R. Sekar

075/2007 Rural Non-Farm Employment in Arunachal Pradesh -

Growth, Composition and Determinants

� Deepak K. Mishra

076/2007 Employment and Earnings in Urban Informal Sector - A

Study on Arunachal Pradesh

� Vandana Upadhyay

077/2007 Operation of Welfare Fund for Beedi Workers in Madhya

Pradesh Profile, Problems and Prospect

� M.M. Rehman

078/2007 A Study of Janshree Bima Yojana

- M.M. Rehman


146

079/2007 Changing Rural Landscape: A Study of Village Bujhawar

- Poonam S. Chauhan, Shashi Tomar

080/2007 Fishery Sector and Fish Workers in India: An Overview

- K. Manjit Singh, M.M. Rehman, Poonam S.Chauhan

081/2007 Construction workers of Guwahati Employment,

Employment and Social Sectors

- Kalyan Das


Documents

Operation of the Limestone and Dolomite Mines Labour ...s3. · PDF fileOPERATION OF THE LIMESTONE AND DOLOMITE MINES LABOUR WELFARE FUND IN MADHYA PRADESH: A STUDY M.M. Rehman Shashi