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The New Shape of Broadband Wireless Networks
Ceragon Networks (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Technical Overview
Company at a Glance
Founded: August 1996
Commercial Ship: October 1998
IPO: August 2000
Headquarters: Tel Aviv, Israel
Birmingham, UK
New Jersey, USA
Hong Kong
Latin America
Offices: Germany, France, Russia, India
Deployments: 60 countries / 160 customers
Versatile Product Line
16E1STM-12xSTM-1STM-4 6 38GHz 16 32 128 QAM on single ODU
Unique Features
SDH / SONET / ATM / IP – All in one Radio Integrated ADM
Best ATM performance on the market
FibeAir at a Glance
Family
Management Station
In-Door Unit(IDU)
Out-Door Unit(ODU)
Antenna
FibeAir Product
IDU – In Door Unit
Compact, 17” wide, 1U-high unit
16-QAM Modulator – FibeAir1500
32-QAM Modulator – FibeAir450
128-QAM Modulator – FibeAir1528
Full-function SDH/SONET Regenerator / Multiplexer.
Most Popular Interfaces Are Supported
Manages local and remote units
Front Panel Alarms and Indicators
Main Channel
Wayside Channel
User Channel
155/100 Mbps
2 Mbps
64 Kbps
MUX
ModulatorIF Card
CableCombiner
Coax Cable
IDU Controller
NMS - Ethernet - SLIP/PPP
Power Supply-48 VDC
Demodulator
External Alarms
IDU Block Diagram
STM-1 (Electrical, optical SM/MM)
3 x E3/DS3
2 x Fast Ethernet
1 x 100Mbps + 1 x 50Mbps
2 x dynamic bandwidth
Fast Ethernet + 8xE1/T1
2 x E3/DS3 + 8xE1/T1
8xE1/T1 + 8xE1/T1
Main Channel Interfaces
ODU – Out Door Unit
Spectrum Efficient:
FibeAir1500 - 50/56 MHz bandwidth
FibeAir1528 – 28 MHz bandwidth
Full band frequency tuning range (using the NMS)
Very high sensitivity
Easy to install and maintain
Same ODU supports 16QAM and 128QAM IDUs!
Coax Cable
AGC
CableCombiner
TX Converter
RX Converter140MHz
350MHz
X-BandSynthesizer
Transceiver
MMW Converter+
Amp
ODU Controller
Power Supply
AGC VoltageReading
~3-4GHz
~3-4GHz
~11GHz
ODU Block Diagram
FibeAir1528 Specifications
SDH Network Segments
SDH Terminal
Multiplexer
SDH Terminal
Multiplexer
SDHAdd & DropMultiplexer
SDH Regenerator
Tri
bu
tari
es
Tri
bu
tari
es
SDH Regenerator
VC Assembly
VC Disassembly
Path
Multiplexer Section
Multiplexer Section
Regenerator Section
Regenerator Section
Regenerator Section
The Truck Analogy
Payload
Virtual Container
SOH
MSOH
RSOH
The SDH Frame
Multiplexing Structure
x3
AU-4AU-4 C-4C-4
AU-3AU-3 VC-3VC-3
VC-4VC-4STM-nSTM-nxN
AUGAUGx1
x3
x7 x7 6.312 Mbps
C-2C-2VC-2VC-2TU-2TU-2
2.048 Mbps
C-12C-12VC-12VC-12TU-12TU-12
TUG-2TUG-2x1
x3
x4
TU-11TU-11 VC-11VC-11
1.544 Mbps
C-11C-11
TUG-3TUG-3x1
C-3C-3
TU-3TU-3 VC-3VC-3
* Pointer ProcessingMultiplexingAligningMapping
AUG Administrative Unit GroupAU Administrative UnitTUG Tributary Unit GroupTU Tributary UnitVC Virtual ContainerC Container *
*
*
*
*
*
A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0
F1
D3
B1
D1
E1
D2
H1 H2 H3
B2 K1 K2
J1
B3
C2
G1
F2
H4
F3
K3
N1
D4
D7
D10
S1
D5
Z1 Z2
D8
D11
D6
D9
D12
M1 E2
Regenerator
SOH
Section Over Head
AU-4
Pointers
Multiplexer SOH
PathOH
Regenerator SOH bytes
- A1, A2: Frame alignment pattern- J0: Identification- B1: Quality monitoring, parity bytes- E1: Orderwire Channel- F1: User Voice Channel- D1-D3: DCCr Data Channel (Management 192 Kbps)
RSOH
MSOH
X X
- H1-H3: AU Pointers (Payload Pointers) - B2: Quality monitoring, parity bytes- E2: Voice channel- K1, K2: Automatic protection switching (APS) control- S1: Clock quality indicator- M1: Transmission error acknowledgement- D4-D12: DCCm Data Channel (Management 576 Kbps)
RSOH
MSOH
X X
Multiplexer SOH bytes
OC-3/STM-1
1+1 Hot Stand-By Protection Less than 50 mSec switching time Switching criteria – LOF, BER, External Master/Master, Master/Slave, Slave/Slave Scalable architecture
1+1 Protection
1 + 1 Hot Standby
The system is doubled on both Local and Remote ends
One unit on each end is active (“Master”) while the other
is standby (“Slave”) Master transmits and receives data
Slave only receives data
Inter-mate UART cable allows negotiating the mastery and data exchange between units
One or Two antennas per site
On a failure in an active unit or a command from the
remote side, Master Switch will occur (redundant unit
will take over activity)
Switching time: less than 50 mSec
Protected - What From?
1+1 configuration protects the main link from a
hardware or radio failure in one of the units on Local,
Remote, or both ends
Does not protects from coincident failures in both units
on the same end
Link self-recovery once failure cleared/corrected
No protection from fading
Link self-recovery once fading cleared
Protection Triggers
Loss Of Frame on the radio of the Master unit for 1 mSec
Loss Of Frame on the line of the Master unit for 1 mSec
“Change Transmitter” command from the remote end
ODU cable disconnection
Power down or manual reset in the Master
Manual switch (using the NMS)
Excessive errors
External Alarm
POSAM
POSAM – Protected ODU Single Antenna Mount Antenna is mounted to the pole Two ODUs connected to the POSAM POSAM is mounted directly to the antenna Antenna has to have Ceragon antenna interface Insertion loss: main path (of Coupler) – 2dB
secondary path (of Coupler)
– 7.5dB
Built-in 6dB Coupler
Interface to antenna
PORAM
PORAM – Protected ODU Remote Antenna Mount Antenna is mounted to the pole Two ODUs connected to the PORAM PORAM is mounted to the pole PORAM is connected to the antenna using flexible wave-guide Antenna has to have standard antenna interface (wave-guide) Insertion loss: main path (of Coupler) – 3.5dB
secondary path (of Coupler)
– 9dB
Flex wave-guide connector
Built-in 6dB Coupler
Installation Issues
Protection cable and Line splitters are part of the
Protection Kit
Available splitters: CMI/BNC for electrical STM-1, DS3 or E3;
SM and MM, SC or ST connectors for optical STM-1, MM/SC
for optical Fast Ethernet, spliced RJ-45 cable for T1/E1
balanced
Hub should be used for connecting the management ports
of the two IDUs
IMPORTANT!Do not plug Ethernet cable to the Protection port of the IDU!It will damage the Protection port and the protection might
not function
East : Fiber
External Clock
West : Radio
8xE1 per module, total 16xE1
Line
FibeAir 1500A/1528A
Two STM-1 Aggregates: Radio and Line Radio – N Type; Line – Optical short/long haul Up to 16 E1s in single IDU Up to 32 E1s in double configuration (2 Radio Aggregates) Support of Path Protection method Synchronization: External, Line, Tributary, Internal, Through.
FibeAir 1500A/1528 SDH Ring
STM-1
16 * E1
Possible Site Configurations
Line
FibeAir 1500A/1528A: 16xE1; Radio – Line Reg+FibeAir 1500A/1528A: 8xE1; Radio – Radio
Regenerator
Double FibeAir 1500A/1528A: 32xE1; Radio – Radio
Line
Double FibeAir 1500A/1528A: 32xE1; Line -
Line
Line
Installation and Set-up Overview
Installation Requirements - IDU
Must be located indoors
Environmental conditions (-5 C to +45 C)
Easy accessibility, only by authorized personnel
Power supply (-48Vdc)
Ethernet or telephone management connection
available
Not more than 300m from outdoor unit location
As far as possible from current/future obstacles
(trees, buildings)
Easy accessibility for maintenance
Good grounding, lightning rod
Installation Requirements - ODU
Typical Antenna Mounts
1+0
2+0
-48Vdc Power supply @ 3 Amp (-40.5 to –72 Vdc
Power Supply can be used)
Recommended!
Availability of Uninterrupted Power Source
(UPS) or Battery Backup
Installation Requirements - PSU
(-) (GND)(+)GND to the rackand to Earth
(~) (0) (GND)
AC Outlet
(~) (0) (GND)
GND to the rack,the PSU's
chassisand to Earth
(-)(+)(com)
(chassis)
PSU
AC cord
DCconnector
short
DC Output
shortGND tothe rack
and to Earth
CAUTION !!!Shorting the (-) to the (GND)
will damage the IDU's internalPSU
PSU Connection
Cable specifications:
- max attenuation of 30 dB at 500 MHz
Recommended:
- RG-8 (Belden 9913) up to 300m
- RG-223 up to 100m
Cable should be terminated with ‘N’ type male
connectors. Verify inner-pin of connector does not
exceed edge of connector
Connectors should be closed by hand only
Installation Requirements - Cables
Installation Steps
Install antenna and ODU on site A
Install IDU on site A
Configure the IDU on site A (using Hyper-Terminal)
Repeat the above on site B
Align the antennas
Verify link operation & performance
Antenna Installation
Install antenna on pole according to attached instructions Verify secure installation Aim antenna to other end of the link Use telescope or compass for rough alignment if necessary
ODU Installation
Connect ODU to the antenna, using 4 latches Connect IF coax cable to ODU
Tight connector by hand only (no tools!) ‘N’ type Connectors should be waterproofed and sealed Connect ODU earth point to suitable rooftop earth Verify correct polarization
Handle on top – Vertical polarizationHandle on the side – Horizontal polarization
IF Cable Grounding
Latches
IF Cable
IDU Installation
Install IDU in rack/cabinet19” and ETSI mounting brackets provided with IDU
Connect IF cable to the IDUTight connector by hand only (no tools!)
Connect IDU grounding point to clean station earth Grounding cable provided with IDU Connect –48Vdc to IDU
Grounding DC power
IF Cable
Installation Pics
IDUGrounding
DC power
Antenna mount
ODUGrounding
Hyper-Terminal Configuration
Baud Rate: 19,200 Password: ceragon
Hyper-Terminal Basic Setup
Set the desired frequency channel
Set the transmitter power level
Assign IP addresses
Factory Default Settings
FibeAir terminal defaults factory configuration:
Tx/Rx frequency - first channel of sub-band
Transmit power – +15dBm
Transmitter mute – off (ODU transmits)
Ethernet management IP Address - 192.168.1.1
Serial management IP Address - 192.168.0.1
Go to the other site...
Second Site Installation
Install the second FibeAir terminal
Configure the IDU using the Hyper-Terminal
Azimuth adjustment
Elevation adjustment
Antenna Alignment (1)
Connect the headset to AGC monitor BNC connector on ODU Adjust antenna Azimuth & Elevation, one end at a time, until you get the maximum tone level Connect Digital Volt Meter (DVM) to the AGC BNC connector Align the antenna until voltage reading is achieved (between
1.7vdc & 1.2vdc) Repeat antenna alignment at each end until the minimum dc
voltage is achieved
1.30vdc = -30dBm1.45vdc = -45dBm1.60vdc = -60dBmetc
Antenna Alignment (2)
Compare achieved receive level to calculated receive level Keep aligning until the achieved level is up to 4 dB away from
the calculated received signal level If voltage reading is more than 4 dB away or higher than 1.7vdc, roughly realign antenna to remote site
Please refer to the “FibeAir Commissioning and Acceptance Procedure” document for detailed information
Commissioning and Acceptance
Link is up (LOF and BER LEDs are green) All LEDs are green (unless no input signal on the Line) RSL is up to +/- 4dB from un-faded (calculated) RSL at both ends of the link EOW buzzer and voice is working from both ends of the link Radio BER 10E-11 or better No Errors on BER test of line interfaces: SDH/SONET
ATMFast EthernetE3/DS3E1/T1
Proper function of management software All loop-backs function properly
Installation Hazards
Make sure that the mast assembly is secured and
properly grounded
Try to install the link on a non-windy day
Be careful not to fall when working on heights
Use safety accessories, as harness and hard-hat
Watch out for overhead power lines
Do not use metal ladder
Trunk Radio
Ceragon Trunk Radio
Split mount
Compact
Cost effective
Support frequency and space diversity
Hitless, Errorless switching
External Diplexer ODU
Diplexer
Wave-Guide Connector
Mounting Bracket
Split Mount Advantages
Equipment wagon can be located far from the antenna Simple coaxial cable between ODU and the IDU Frequency replacement flexibility Cable resistant to field conditions Fast deployment of ODU, IDU (1U) and the cable between them Minimal cable attenuation compared to flexible waveguide Light weight and low power consumption
IDU
Coaxial Cable
ODU
300m
Ceragon’s 6/7/8 GHz Radio
Many standards (F0, Tx-Rx Spacing)
Separate synthesizers for Tx and Rx allow various
Tx-Rx spacing
Same ODU for all band (6, 7, 0r 8GHz)
Same ODU for TxHigh and TxLow orientation of
diplexer on ODU determines TxHigh or TxLow
Link can reach 100Km!
ODU Installation
“Remote Mount” ODU
ODU connected to a plate, plate is attached to the pole
using mounting bracket (“Andrew Kit”), diplexer
connected to the plate using 3 screws
Wave-guide connector – PDR84 (PDR70 also available)
Available wave-guide:
Flexible wave-guide
Provided with each ODU (1.2m, 0.6dB loss)
Elliptical wave-guide (typical loss 30dB/100m)
Diversity basic concepts
Frequency Diversity
Uses the nature of frequency selectivity of the multipath dispersive
fading
Space Diversity
Two antennas vertically separated at the receiver tower so only one
of antennas is located in a power minimum
Angle Diversity
Based on slightly different angles of arrival of the indirect delayed
waves and the direct wave
Space & Frequency Diversity
A combination of the above frequency and space diversity techniques
MHSB and SD
FD and HD
Angle Diversity
Consists of two FibeAir 1528 links connected together through a protection cable and a Hitless switch
FibeAir1528 Hitless Hot-Stand Configuration
Hitless Switch SC/mm/1300
Hitless Switch SC/mm/1300
Hit
less
cab
le
Pro
tect
ed c
able
Hitless Block Diagram
Ceragon Advantage:
No single point of failure!!!
Hitless System Overview
Enhancement of the FibeAir 1528 Hot-Standby
Configuration
Hitless!!!
No errors during the switch
Errorless!!!
No errors to the user before the switch
Data of better quality is delivered automatically to the user
Receiver Modem’s parameters are used as criteria for
activating the switch.
Supports Space and Frequency diversity
Switching criteria
The modems of the two IDUs are connected using the
“Hitless Cable”
Primary
FEC-based decision to determine the path with no
errors
Secondary
Mean Square Error (MSE)
If both FECs detects errors, the path with less errors
will be selected
Using 20uSec buffer, no errors even before the switch
MUTE
XMTR A RCV A
XMTR B RCV B
Data outData in SpaceSeperation
One transmitter is used, the other in MUTE mode
The receivers are connected to two antennas physically
spaced apart (100’s of wavelengths)
The spacing determines the delay between the two
receivers
The physical separation should be 3-30m (based on the
requested improvement factor
Typically, 6-15m
Space Diversity
XMTR A RCV A
XMTR B RCV B
Data outData in
F1
F2
Two transmitters are used, both in normal operation
connected to one antenna (with splitter) or two antennas
The two receivers are connected to one antenna (with
splitter) or two antennas
The frequency determines the separation between the
two receivers
DFM is frequency-dependant therefore using two
frequencies (the farther they are - the better)
Frequency Diversity
Both solutions protects against fading and H/W failures
FD is more expensive solution –
two channels are required!
SD is more effective – improvement is more significant!
FD vs. SD
STM-1 Hitless Physical View
Local and Remote management access Installed interfaces Real-time LEDs display
Hitless Configuration
Protection configuration Radio/Line Loss-Of-Frame Excessive BER External alarm Single or Dual Line output
Hitless configuration Hitless enable/disable Space or Frequency diversity Non-revertive or revertive mode with
Hold-off time
Management and IP Setup
Management - Sample IP Network
InternetCloud
Ethernet
FibeAir1500
Default Router
IBM Compatible
Laptop computer
Workstation
SerialLine
IP address192.168.0.1
IP address192.114.35.12
Default Router192.114.35.1
Laptop192.168.0.2
Managementstation
192.114.35.11
Remote host194.12.78.11
For the installation phase, it is recommended to connect to
the IDU using the default settings:
For Ethernet connection
IDU’s Ethernet IP address: 192.168.1.1, Mask: 255.255.255.0
(do not change the default settings)
Configure laptop’s Ethernet IP address to: 192.168.1.100,
Mask: 255.255.255.0
IDU and laptop are on the same sub-network
Connect the laptop to the IDU using cross-Ethernet cable
Launch CeraView and verify that you can connect to the
IDU
Management – IP Configuration (1)
For Serial (SLIP/PPP) connection
IDU’s Serial IP address: 192.168.0.1, Mask: 255.255.255.0
IDU’s Serial configuration: PPP protocol, 38400 baud rate
(do not change the default settings)
Install SLIP drivers and configure Dial-up adapter on laptop to
IP address 192.168.0.100, Mask: 255.255.255.0
(according to instructions in the User-Manual)
IDU and laptop are on the same sub-network
Connect the laptop to the IDU using serial null-modem cable
Connect to the IDU using dial-up adapter
Launch CeraView and verify that you can connect to the
IDU
Management – IP Configuration (2)
Transport element management information
seamlessly and simply throughout the network
In-Band Management
Management information is carried in the SONET/SDH
frame (over the Radio and over the Line)
Full management solution: can carry management
information of any IP-based external equipment
Topologies:
Rings
1+1 Hot-Standby
Cascaded links and more…
The Solution
Most efficient
SONET/SDH and ATM networks
Management network transparent within the OC-3 / STM-1
Line
Important! External equipment must not alter the DCCr bytes!
1. DCCr to Radio and Line
Management is transmitted only to the Radio side
SONET/SDH, ATM and IP networks
Does not rely on ADM processing of DCCr bytes
Simple cross-over Ethernet cable used to connect
management at each site
2. DCCr to Radio Only
Allows management of external equipment (such as
ADMs, Switches, other radio equipment…)
Management information to the rest of the network is
directed to the management Ethernet port and then to
the HUB
ExternalEquipment
ExternalEquipment
Managing External Equipment
The IDU checks each received IP packet:
Destination IP address of packet = IP address of IDU
IDU will pass packet to its own IP port for further Processing
Destination IP address of packet IP address of IDU
If packet arrived from within the ring Sent to the other
side of link
If the other side of the link is down, packet is returned to its
originator
If packet arrived from outside the ring or from the IDU itself
Packet is sent to the radio side
If radio side is down Forward to the line side
How Does It Work?
Basic IP Theory
IP Address : 192.168.1.139 (dec) =
1100 0000 . 1010 1000 .0000 0001 . 1000 1011 (bin)
Mask: 255.255.255.240 (dec) =
1111 1111 . 1111 1111 . 1111 1111 . 1111 0000 (4 zeros mask)
IP addresses on the same sub-net:
1100 0000. 1010 1000 . 0000 0001 . 1000 0000 (192.168.1.128) to
1100 0000. 1010 1000 . 0000 0001 . 1000 1111 (192.168.1.143)
The last 4 bits cannot be all zeros or all ones
192.168.1.128 and 192.168.1.143 are not available!
IP - Example (1)
Ring IP Address: 192.168.1.0 Mask: 255.255.255.240
IP addresses on the sub-net: 192.168.1.0 to 192.168.1.15
IP addresses that can be used: 192.168.1.1 to 192.1.14
Ring IP Address: 192.168.1.8 Mask: 255.255.255.252
IP addresses on the sub-net: 192.168.1.8 to 192.168.1.11
IP addresses that can be used: 192.168.1.9 to 192.1.10
Ring IP Address: 192.114.35.64 Mask: 255.255.255.128
IP addresses on the sub-net: 192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.191
IP addresses that can be used: 192.168.1.129 to 192.1.190
Link Commissioning & Troubleshooting using CeraView
Ceragon Element Manager
SNMP Based
Java-based, works on Windows, Unix, HPoV, SNMPc
Can manage a terminal or a full link
Configuration
Maintenance
Operation
Performance Monitoring
Remote diagnostics
Statistic reports
Java CeraView EMS
Physical View
Local and Remote management access Installed interfaces Real-time LEDs display
Troubleshooting Tools
Alarm log
Receive Signal Level PM
Radio SDH PM
STM-1 Line SDH PM
Loop backs
Alarm Log
Time and date of alarms Severity-based filters Up to 100 log entries with automatic save Log can be exported to Notepad, Word, Excel…
Trouble-shooting Using Alarm Log
Check current alarm (!!!)
Identify when alarms started
Identify separate events based on time
Check correlation with other links failed
Check correlation to RSL to explain alarms
Check correlation to Radio/Line SDH PM
RSL Monitoring
Min and Max Receive Signal Level in 15 minutes intervals for last 24 hours Unfaded RSL configuration (expected RSL) and Thresholds Allows to save as a table and export to a file
Trouble-shooting Using RSL
Check current RSL
Check changes in RSL during last 24hours (5dB
change during the day is normal)
Identify rain fading, multipath/ducting
Check if RSL reached sensitivity threshold
In case of ATPC, check Transmit Signal Level
Performance Monitoring - Radio SDH
Counter of Un-Available Seconds on the radio in 15 minutes intervals for
last 24 hours Allows to save as a table and export to a file
Advanced Radio SDH PM
Table of ES, SES, UAS, BBE on the radio in 15 minutes intervals for
last 24 hours
Performance Monitoring - Line SDH
Counter of Un-Available Seconds on Line (STM-1) in 15 minutes intervals
for last 24 hours Allows to save as a table and export to a file
Advanced Line SDH PM
Table of ES, SES, UAS, BBE on the Line (STM-1) in 15 minutes intervals for
last 24 hours Allows to save as a table and export to a file
Trouble-shooting Using PM
Always check Radio and Line PMs
Check alarm log for correlation
Check correlation to RSL to explain errors
Loop-back Configuration
IF loop Internal and External STM-1 Line loop Loop clear timeout configuration and display
Trouble-shooting Using Loop-backs
If problem currently exists:
Use Line loop in case of LOS, LOF or Errors on STM-1
input of IDU or external ADM
Use IF loop in case of LOF or BER on Radio to identify
if IDU is OK
Use ODU loop in case of LOF or BER if IF loop passed
OK (available 7-8GHz ODUs only!)
ADM
Synchronization Sources
FibeAir 1500A/1528A is compliant with G.813
Synchronization Sources:• External • Aggregate East / Aggregate West• Tributary• Internal (accuracy 4.6 ppm [BER 10-6] SEC or Stratum-3)
Note: For each Network Element can be configured two possible clock sources: primary & secondary
When both sources are lost, an appropriate alarm will be reported and the ACTIVE source will be “no source” - Hold Over mode.
Line Mode Left Line Mode Right
Tributary Streams Tributary Streams
STM-1 STM-1 STM-1 STM-1
Clock Clock
Reference Timing Modes (1)
Tributary Mode Internal Mode
Tributary Streams Tributary Streams
STM-1 STM-1 STM-1 STM-1
Clock Clock
Accuracy 4.6 ppm
Reference Timing Modes (2)
Tributary Streams Tributary Streams
External Mode Through Mode
STM-1 STM-1 STM-1 STM-1
Clock
External
2 Mhz Ref
Reference Timing Modes (3)
Synchronization Strategy (1)
SSM MODE
Utilization of S1 (Timing Marker) byte
The SSM informs the neighboring NE about the status of the clock
supply
The S1 byte is used to select the best timing source for the NE and
to prevent timing islands
Assignment of timing source quality level to each NE
Timing Generator (TG) source selection ‑ Enables the user to
configure two possible clock sources for each NE
For each timing source the user assigns a quality level
If both clock sources fail, the NE switches to Hold-Over mode
Synchronization Strategy (2)
SSM Disabled
Definition of Primary and Secondary clock sources for each NE
If the Primary clock source fails, the NE will switch to Hold-Over
mode
In this case alarm will be generated “Clock Unit Unlocked” and the
user can select and switch manually to the Secondary or Internal
clock source
With no active clock source, the NE will remain in Hold-Over mode
for 48hours, and then will switch to Internal clock source
Once the Primary clock source is restored, the NE will switch
automatically to the active clock source
Timing source quality levels
Quality Level Description
High 1 G.811 - atomic source
2 G.812 - Transit
3 G.812 -Local
4 Unknown (PDH Sync)
5 Internal G.813 clock
Low 6 Don't use for Sync
First of all - Plan!
1. Sketch the general configuration
2. Design the radio links
3. Define Radio Side direction (East or West) for each NE
4. Define the Tributaries path (physical port, VC-12, mapped
trial, transparent trail, active path) for each NE
5. Define Main and Secondary paths for protection
6. Define the synchronization sources for each NE
7. Design the in-band management and IP addresses
General ADM Configuration
Radio Direction
Trail Configuration
Trail Name
Mapped VC-12sMain Path
Protection
Synchronization Configuration
SSM Mode
Clock Unit Installed
Clock Status
Primary Clock
Secondary Clock