Operation and Maintenance Manual with Illustrated Parts List€¦ · b400 aircraft tow tractor. 1-2 page 1 june 2012. operation. section 2. operation. warning. before attempting to

B400

AIRCRAFT TOW TRACTOR

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Operator

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B400 AIRCRAFT TOW TRACTOR

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June 2012

OPERATION

Section 2. Operation

WARNING

BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO OPERATE OR MAINTAIN THE VEHICLE, COMPLETELY READ ANDUNDERSTAND THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL, INCLUDING ALL DANGER,WARNING, AND CAUTION STATEMENTS. FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT IN SERIOUSBODILY INJURY, DEATH, OR PROPERTY DAMAGE, INCLUDING DAMAGE TO THE VEHICLE!

1. GENERAL

NOTE: FOR EMERGENCY OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS REFER TO CHAPTER 1, SECTION 3.

This section contains instructions for operation of the B400 Aircraft Tow Tractor. A discussion of theprinciples of operation is given to aid in understanding vehicle operation.

The operator must use approved procedures for approaching, attaching to, towing, pushing, anddeparting from aircraft. These procedures should be approved by the airline, the local aviation authority,and based on the recommendations of the aircraft manufacturer.

2. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

• Before operating the vehicle, the operator should read this manual and become completelyfamiliarized with the vehicle.

• Learn how the vehicle is operated. Know the location and function of all controls and switches,gauges and indicators, and warning/safety devices before operating the vehicle.

• Always perform the daily maintenance checks. If you detect any problem during the dailyinspection, DO NOT operate the vehicle until the problem is corrected. Proper maintenance isnecessary to ensure the maximum performance of your vehicle.

• Follow the correct starting, warm-up, operating, stopping and parking procedures. Remember, itonly takes one unsafe action to cause an accident that could result in damage, injury or death.Follow safety rules and regulations for building a safe working environment.

• Never tamper with any safety device. These safety devices are equipped to protect the operatorand/or passenger. These safety devices include audio warning alarms, inhibit protection features,indicator warning lights, etc.

WARNING

DO NOT OPERATE WITH PERSONS IN OR ON THE VEHICLE OTHER THAN SITTING INDESIGNATED SEATS. SEAT BELTS MUST BE USED WHILE THE VEHICLE IS IN MOTION.FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT IN SERIOUS BODILY INJURY, DEATH, OR PROPERTYDAMAGE, INCLUDING DAMAGE TO THE VEHICLE!

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GENERAL INFORMATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1-2Page 2June 2012

WARNING

USE CAUTION WHILE REFUELING THE VEHICLE TO AVOID FUEL SPILLS. CLEAN SPILLSPROMPTLY. FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT IN SERIOUS BODILY INJURY, DEATH, ORPROPERTY DAMAGE, INCLUDING DAMAGE TO THE VEHICLE!

WARNING

APPLY THE PARKING BRAKE AND TURN OFF THE IGNITION SWITCH BEFORE LEAVING THEVEHICLE UNATTENDED. FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT IN SERIOUS BODILY INJURY,DEATH, OR PROPERTY DAMAGE, INCLUDING DAMAGE TO THE VEHICLE!

WARNING

AT THE BEGINNING OF EACH SHIFT ENSURE THAT ALL SCHEDULED SERVICES HAVE BEENPERFORMED, INCLUDING VERIFICATION OF TIRE CONDITION, FUEL AND FLUID LEVELS,AND OVERALL CHECK FOR LOOSE OR MISSING HARDWARE AND GENERAL CONDITION OFTHE VEHICLE. FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT IN SERIOUS BODILY INJURY, DEATH, ORPROPERTY DAMAGE, INCLUDING DAMAGE TO THE VEHICLE!

WARNING

AN OBSERVER ON THE GROUND SHOULD BE USED TO AID THE OPERATOR WHEN DRIVINGTHE VEHICLE IN REVERSE. FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT IN SERIOUS BODILYINJURY, DEATH, OR PROPERTY DAMAGE, INCLUDING DAMAGE TO THE VEHICLE!

3. OPERATOR’S CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTS

The vehicle operating controls are located within the operator’s cab. Procedures using the equipmentare covered in OPERATION PROCEDURES within this section.

Refer to Chapter 1, Section 4, Specifications for operation range, fuel type, capacities, and equipmentinformation. Also, refer to Chapter 2, Section 4, Maintenance Specifications for recommended hydraulicoil, lubricants, and mechanical, hydraulic, and electrical settings.

A. DRIVER’S CAB OPERATING CONTROLS

NOTE: THE FOLLOWING CONTROL DEVICES ARE LOCATED INSIDE THE DRIVER’S CAB.REFER TO FIGURE 1 FOR COMPONENTS AND LOCATIONS.

(1) Dashboard Panel - This panel contains indicators and instruments. Refer to Figure 2 forthe B400 (Diesel) panel.

(2) Hazard/Turn Signal and High/Low Beam Lever Switch - Lever is mounted to theleft-hand side of the steering column. The directional turn signal is determined by actuatingthe lever. Actuating the lever upward indicates a right-hand turn and actuating the leverdownward indicates a left-hand turn. The hazard signal switch is actuated by pulling the

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OPERATION

switch located under the turn signal lever. The hazard signal switch is deactivated bypushing the turn signal lever. The Hi/Lo beam switch is located in the end of the turn signallever which provides a push button switch for front high and low beam lighting.

(3) Steering Wheel and Horn Button - Rotating the steering wheel clockwise turns thevehicle to the right, and rotating the steering wheel counterclockwise turns the vehicle tothe left. Depressing the horn button located in the center of the steering wheel actuates thehorn.

(4) Service Brake Pedal - Depressing the brake pedal regulates hydraulic pressure throughthe brake control valve from the hydraulic accumulators to provide braking force to stop thevehicle.

(5) Instruments and Control Panel - Contains gauges, indicators and general functionswitches. Refer to Figure 3.

Figure 1B400 DRIVER’S CAB (DIESEL POWER)

(6) Transmission Gauge Panel (B400) (Optional) - Contains a transmission oil pressuregauge, and a transmission oil temperature gauge. Refer to Figure 7.

(7) Main Control Panel - Contains contactors and relays, and breakers to protect allcomponents in the electrical system.

The main control panel on the B400 is located inside the driver’s cab.

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(8) Accelerator Pedal - Mounted to the right of the service brake pedal. Depressing orreleasing the pedal increases or decreases speed of the power unit through electricalactuation.

B. OTHER CONTROLS AND DEVICES IN THE DRIVER’S CAB

(1) Seat Adjustment Levers - Lever located under the front of the seat adjusts the seatforward and backward. Pulling the lever out from the seat allows the seat to be movedforward and backward. Releasing the lever will lock the seat into position.

(2) Drive-in-Reverse Audible Alarm - Actuates when the transmission shift lever (B400) isplaced in reverse gear. The alarm alerts that the vehicle is moving backwards.

(3) Parking Brake Lever (B400) - Move the lever forward or backwards by lifting the ringslightly. Push forward to release the parking brake and pull backwards to lock the brake.Attempting to enter a gear other than Neutral while the parking brakes are applied willresult in an audible alarm.

(4) Transmission Shift Lever (B400) - Located on the console in the driver’s compartment.Depress the button on top of the lever to change gears. Move the lever forward for forwardgears and backwards for reverse. Neutral is the center position. Once the lever ispositioned into gear it is possible to manually change gears by moving the lever left or right.A display box indicates the gear in which the vehicle is in. The B400 has six gears forwardand three gears in reverse.

(a) Neutral Safety Switch - The safety switch prevents starting the engine unless thelever is in the “N” (neutral) position. The transmission can be shifted from forward orreverse to neutral, but cannot be shifted from one direction of travel to anotherwithout coming to a complete stop.

NOTE: THE ENGINE WILL NOT START IF THE SHIFT LEVER IS NOT IN NEUTRAL POSITION.

(b) Parking Brake Inhibit Protection - Prevents the transmission clutches fromengaging when the parking brake valve is “ON”. An audio warning indicates theparking brake is actuated when the parking brake is released with the transmissionshifter in “V” (forward) or “R” (reverse).

C. DASHBOARD PANEL - B400 (DIESEL ENGINE)

NOTE: REFER TO FIGURE 2 FOR COMPONENTS AND LOCATIONS.

(1) Left Hand Turn Signal Light (GREEN) - Illuminates when the turn signal lever is actuateddownward.

(2) Speedometer/Odometer - Indicates vehicle speed in miles per hour (mph) and kilometersper hour (km/h).

(3) High Beam Indicator Light (BLUE) - Illuminates when the push button switch located onthe end of the turn signal light lever is actuated to the high beam position.

(4) Tachometer Gauge (Optional) - Indicates the speed at which the engine crankshaft isoperating in revolutions per minute (rpm).

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OPERATION

(5) Right Hand Turn Signal Light (GREEN) - Illuminates when the turn signal lever isactuated upward.

(6) Hour Meter - Indicates the accumulated number of hours the engine has been running.Refer to Maintenance Schedule tables in Chapter 2, Section 3, Preventative Maintenance.

(7) Emergency Stop Push-button Switch - Shuts down the vehicle when depressed.Ensure the emergency stop is in the out position before starting the vehicle, otherwise it willnot start.

(8) Emergency Pump Switch - Actuates the hydraulic emergency pump in case of engine orhydraulic pump failure. The emergency pump is located below the services pump, in thetransmission compartment. Refer to Emergency Procedures in Chapter 1, Section 3.

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Figure 2DASHBOARD PANEL - B400 (DIESEL ENGINE)

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OPERATION

D. INSTRUMENTS AND CONTROL PANEL - B400 (DIESEL ENGINE)


(1) Engine Fault Warning Light (RED) - Illuminates when there is a fault or problem with theengine. When illuminated, the engine will be shut down. If this happens, immediatelynotify maintenance personnel.

(2) Engine Oil Pressure Gauge - Indicates oil pressure. Indication out of the green zone isreason for shutdown the engine and determine the cause. Oil level should be checkedregularly. Refer to specifications for oil pressure information.

(3) Check Engine Indicator Light (AMBER) - Illuminates in the gauge cluster when there isa condition on the engine that must be find and correct. Maintenance personnel should beimmediately notified of this situation.

(4) Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge - Indicates the temperature of the coolant within thecooling system. A green zone on gauge indicates normal operating condition.

(5) Alternator Warning Light (RED) - Indicates the electrical output from the alternator. If thelight is on, the alternator is not activated and will not produce output current. Check thewarning light bulb by turning on the ignition switch with the engine not running. The lightshould be on.

(6) Voltage Gauge - Registers the voltage output of the overall 24-volt DC system, generatedby the engine’s alternator.

(7) Low Fuel Level Indicator Light (RED) - Illumination indicates fuel level is low, and thatthe vehicle must be refueled. Refer to Operation Procedures for refueling instructions.

(8) Fuel level Gauge - Indicates the fuel level contained within the fuel tank. The fuel levelgauge should read “FULL” at the beginning of each day. Refer to Specifications in Chapter1, Section 3 fuel type and fuel tank capacity.

(9) Panel Illumination Light - This light illuminates the control panel whenever the drivinglights are turned on by activating the corresponding switch (12).

(10) Beacon Manual Activation Switch (Optional) - This switch allows the operator tomanually activate the 24-volt amber flashing or rotating optional beacon, which normallyoperates whenever the vehicle’s ignition is turned on.

(11) Hitch Lights Switch (Optional) - This three-position switch activates the front or rearoptional hitch lights. When the switch is at the center position (“0”) both hitch lights will beOFF. The 24-volt sealed beam lights are focused on the front and rear hitches.

(12) Driving Lights Switch - Three-position switch turns on the parking and tail lights when setto “P”, and headlights in addition to those other lights when set to the upper position.

(13) Parking Brake Warning Light (RED) - Illuminates when the parking brake is engaged.The parking brake is manually applied actuating the parking brake valve.

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(14) Wait-to-Start Indicator Light (AMBER) - After turning the ignition start switch to ON, thislight will illuminate. Allow a moment for the light to turn off, then it is safe to start theengine.

(15) Ignition Switch - Three-position switch with OFF-ON-START positions, and anti-restartcapability to prevent accidental energizing of the starter motor while the engine is running.The switch must be reset to the “OFF” position before restarting the engine. Thetransmission must be in neutral to enable the engine to start. Ignition switch with key isoptional.

(16) Brake Warning Light (RED) - Illuminates when hydraulic pressure in accumulators isdepleted. Emergency pump must be activated and vehicle completely stopped.

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OPERATION

Figure 3B400 INSTRUMENTS AND CONTROL PANEL (DIESEL ENGINE)

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E. B400 FOUR-WHEEL STEER DRIVE CONTROLS (OPTIONAL)

NOTE: REFER TO FIGURE 4, AND F. ’STEERING MODES (OPTIONAL)’ WITHIN 4.’OPERATION PROCEDURES’ IN THIS SECTION.

Steering Mode Selector Switch (B400) - The all-wheel steering system includes a three-positionsteering mode selector switch, which is located on the center console. An audio warning alarmsounds to indicate the steering mode selector switch is in other than front steer mode.

NOTE: SOME MODELS HAVE A STEER CONTROL PANEL THAT DOES NOT HAVE ANINDICATOR LIGHT FOR WHEN FRONT STEER MODE IS SELECTED.

(1) Front Steer Mode (Standard) - This selection locks the rear axle in the centered positionand allows front axle steering in a conventional manner only. This mode is recommendedfor high speed and long distance driving. There is no indicator light for this steer mode, andthe steering switch position is the only indication when this mode is selected.

(2) Coordinated Steer Mode (AMBER) - This steering mode is also referred to as“Four-wheel Steer Mode” and it is indicated when the amber indication light is illuminated.The light is activated only by the switch position, but this steer mode will engage when allwheels are placed in a straight-ahead direction. This mode allows the operator tomaneuver the vehicle in tightly-enclosed working situations. This mode should not be usedfor high speed driving.

(3) Crab Steer Mode (GREEN) - Illumination of the green light indicates the selection of “CrabSteer Mode” and it is accompanied by an audible alarm warning the operator to be extravigilant. The light and alarm are activated only by the switch position, but this steer modewill engage when all wheels are placed in a straight-ahead direction. This mode allows tomake small accurate steer correction in tug position over short distances.

Figure 4B400 STEER MODE CONTROL PANEL (OPTIONAL)

NOTE: REFER TO SPECIFICATIONS IN CHAPTER 1, SECTION 4 TO REVIEW VEHICLETURNING RADIUSES AND ANGLES.

THREE-POSITIONSTEER MODE

TOGGLE SWITCH

FAULT WARNINGINDICATOR (RED)

THE INDICATOR LIGHTWILL REMAIN OFF,

IF THE STEER SYSTEMOPERATES NORMALLY

COORDINATED STEER MODE INDICATOR LIGHT (AMBER)

CRAB STEER MODE INDICATOR LIGHT (GREEN)

FRONT STEER MODE - NORMAL (NO INDICATOR LIGHT)

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OPERATION

F. CAB OVERHEAD PANEL (OPTIONAL)


The operation of windshield wipers are controlled from the overhead panel, centrally locatedabove the front windshield. Two and three-position switches operate wipers and washers.

Figure 5CAB OVERHEAD PANEL CONTROLS

G. MAIN CAB HEAT / FAN CONTROL PANEL (OPTIONAL)


(1) Ventilator Fan Switch - Rotational switch with OFF and LOW to HIGH speed operation.

(2) Heater Switch - Rotational switch to select air temperature from heater.

Windshield: (1) Driver side wiper Three-position switch (OFF-SLOW-FAST)

(2) Washer Two-position switch (OFF-Momentary ON)

(3) Passenger side wiper Three-position switch (OFF-SLOW-FAST)

Rear window: (4) Wiper Three-position switch (OFF-SLOW-FAST)


Roof window: (6) Wiper Three-position switch (OFF-SLOW-FAST)


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Figure 6MAIN CAB HEAT / PRO AIR CONTROLS

H. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PANEL (B400) (OPTIONAL)

(1) Transmission Oil Temperature Gauge (Optional) - Indicates the temperature of thetransmission oil. Do not operate the vehicle if the transmission temperature exceeds themaximum allowed.

(2) Transmission Oil Pressure Gauge (Optional) - Indicates the pressure of the oil within thetransmission in pounds per square inch (psi).

Figure 7TRANSMISSION CONTROL PANEL (B400) (OPTIONAL)

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OPERATION

4. OPERATION PROCEDURES

WARNING

DO NOT ATTEMPT TO OPERATE THE VEHICLE WITHOUT BEING PROPERLY TRAINED INOPERATION AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS. FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT INSERIOUS BODILY INJURY, DEATH, OR PROPERTY DAMAGE, INCLUDING DAMAGE TO THEVEHICLE!

WARNING

DO NOT OPERATE EQUIPMENT WHILE UNDER INFLUENCE OF DRUGS, ALCOHOL, ORMEDICATION THAT MAY PREVENT FULL ABILITY TO CONTROL THE VEHICLE. FAILURE TOCOMPLY MAY RESULT IN SERIOUS BODILY INJURY, DEATH, OR PROPERTY DAMAGE,INCLUDING DAMAGE TO THE VEHICLE!

WARNING

FOLLOW ALL APPLICABLE PROCEDURES AND REGULATIONS FOR OPERATING IN THEAIRPORT AND FOR HANDLING AIRCRAFT. FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT IN SERIOUSBODILY INJURY, DEATH, OR PROPERTY DAMAGE, INCLUDING DAMAGE TO THE VEHICLE!

CAUTION

WHEN OPERATING THE VEHICLE IN FREEZING CONDITIONS, OCCASIONALLY TURN THESTEERING WHEEL SLOWLY TO PREVENT THERMAL SHOCK IN THE STEERING VALVE.FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT IN DAMAGE TO VEHICLE, OR OTHER PROPERTY,INCLUDING THE AIRCRAFT!

CAUTION

DO NOT PLACE THE EQUIPMENT INTO SERVICE WITHOUT PERFORMING ALL THERECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE. FAILURE TO COMPY MAY RESULT IN DAMAGE TOVEHICLE, OR OTHER PROPERTY, INCLUDING THE AIRCRAFT!

NOTE: AT BEGINNING OF EACH SHIFT, ENSURE THAT ALL SCHEDULED SERVICES HAVEBEEN PERFORMED INCLUDING CHECK OF TIRE CONDITION, FUEL AND FLUIDLEVELS, AND OVERALL CHECK FOR LOOSE OR MISSING HARDWARE ANDGENERAL CONDITION OF THE VEHICLE.

NOTE: THE EQUIPMENT PRE-OPERATIONAL CHECKLIST SHOULD BE UTILIZED WHENCOMMISSIONING NEW EQUIPMENT, AND FOR RE-COMMISSIONING AFTER AMAJOR REPAIR, OVERHAUL, RECOMMENDED ANNUAL MAINTENANCE, OVER-THE-ROAD TRANSPORTATION, AND IF THE MACHINE HAS BEEN OUT OF SERVICE FORMORE THAN SIX MONTHS.

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NOTE: BEFORE STARTING THE UNIT, HAVE THE 8-HOUR (DAILY) MAINTENANCESCHEDULE PERFORMED BY THE OPERATOR. REFER TO PREVENTATIVEMAINTENANCE IN CHAPTER 2, SECTION 3.

A. PRE-OPERATION CHECKS

The following checks must be performed before operating the vehicle to ensure a reliableoperation.

(1) Follow your supervisor’s instructions, as well as the specific airport instructions andregulations.

(2) Walk around the vehicle and inspect for damage or missing equipment, and report damageand/or problems found to maintenance personnel to have them repaired or corrected.

(3) Look underneath the vehicle for leaks, drips, puddles of coolant, engine oil, etc. Ifsignificant leaks are found, maintenance personnel should be immediately notified.Corrective maintenance to eliminate problems must be performed before operating thevehicle.

(4) Adjust the operator’s seat for proper distance and comfort.

(5) Adjust mirrors for clear view from the driver’s seat.

B. REFUELING (ALL VEHICLES)

Refueling the vehicle should be performed carefully and following safety rules.

NOTE: THIS PROCEDURE APPLIES TO DIESEL POWERED UNITS, AND VEHICLES WITHOPTIONAL MAIN CAB HEATER OPERATED WITH DIESEL FUEL.

(1) Turn off ignition switch before refueling the vehicle.

(2) Do not smoke while refueling.

(3) Do not overfill with fuel or otherwise spill it. Allow room for fuel expansion inside the tank.

(4) Avoid open flames.

C. SEAT BELTS (OPTIONAL)

Seat belts are optionally provided in the vehicle. Wear seat belt and ensure passengers are alsorestrained wearing seat belts before put the vehicle in motion, if seat belts are provided.

D. STARTING AND WARM-UP (DIESEL ENGINE)

CAUTION

DO NOT OPERATE THE ENGINE WITH THE OIL LEVEL BELOW THE ‘MIN’ MARK OR ABOVETHE ‘MAX’ MARK ON THE DIPSTICK. FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT IN DAMAGE TOVEHICLE, OR OTHER PROPERTY, INCLUDING THE AIRCRAFT!

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OPERATION

CAUTION

DO NOT DISCONNECT THE BATTERY OR TURN OFF OPTIONAL BATTERY DISCONNECTSWITCH WITH THE ENGINE RUNNING. THIS WILL CAUSE A VOLTAGE SURGE IN THEALTERNATOR CHARGING SYSTEM. FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT IN DAMAGE TOVEHICLE, OR OTHER PROPERTY, INCLUDING THE AIRCRAFT!

NOTE: THE ENGINE WILL NOT START IF THE SHIFT LEVER IS NOT IN NEUTRAL.

(1) Starting engine - Normal start ambient temperature: Above 0 ºC (32 ºF)

NOTE: THE ALTERNATOR LIGHT MAY ILLUMINATE DURING START-UP. THE INDICATORLIGHT WILL TURN OFF ONCE THE ENGINE RPM HAS INCREASED ABOVE IDLESPEED.

(a) Ensure that the park brake lever is in the “ON” position to prevent vehicle movement.

(b) Place transmission shift lever in “N” (neutral) position.

(c) Turn the ignition switch clockwise from the “OFF” to the “ON” position to energize theelectrical system. Make sure the alternator and engine warning lights areoperational.

NOTE: WAIT AT LEAST TWO SECONDS BEFORE TURNING THE IGNITION SWITCH FROM“ON” TO “START”.

(d) Depress the accelerator pedal approximately half way.

(e) Turn the ignition switch clockwise from the “ON” to the “START” position to energizethe start motor circuit; release the switch to ON after the engine starts. Do notactuate the starter for more than 20 seconds. If the engine does not start, turn theignition switch to “OFF” and wait for one minute, then try again.

If the engine fails to start after a few attempts, shutdown the unit and notifymaintenance personnel. Refer to the engine operation manual in Manufacturers’Appendices in Chapter 5.

CAUTION

WHEN STARTING THE ENGINE, RELEASE THE IGNITION SWITCH IF THE ENGINE FAILS TOSTART WITHIN 20 SECONDS. AFTER A SECOND ATTEMPT, ALLOW THE STARTER MOTORTO COOL DOWN FOR ONE MINUTE BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO RESTART THE ENGINE.FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT IN DAMAGE TO VEHICLE COMPONENTS!

(f) After the engine starts, idle engine until the oil pressure gauge indicates normal oilpressure. Oil pressure should rise within three seconds.

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CAUTION

SHUT DOWN ENGINE IMMEDIATELY IF OIL PRESSURE INDICATOR LIGHT DOES NOT TURNOFF WITHIN THREE SECONDS AFTER STARTING ENGINE. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO RESTARTENGINE. NOTIFY MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL IMMEDIATELY. FAILURE TO COMPLY MAYRESULT IN DAMAGE TO VEHICLE COMPONENTS!

(g) Once the oil pressure reaches normal pressure, ensure the alternator and enginewarning lights have turned off. Operate the engine at idle for five to 10 minutesbefore applying a load to the engine. Allow all systems to reach normal operatingtemperatures.

(2) Starting engine - Cold start ambient temperature: Below 0 ºC (32 ºF)

(a) The grid heater activation light will automatically illuminate indicating the engine isbeing preheated by the grid heater mounted in the manifold. The cold start systemis electronically controlled. Before energizing the ignition switch, allow the gridheater activation light to illuminate and wait until it turns off.

(b) After the grid heater activation light has been turned off, follow the steps above forstarting the engine at normal temperature.

(c) Winterization (Optional) - The vehicle’s engine will start with no additional aids otherthan the standard grid heater set down to -18 ºC (0 ºF). The 120-volt winterizationoption consists of battery heaters, immersion engine block heater, and hydraulictank immersion heaters which maintain functionality at a minimum of -40 ºC (-40 ºF).

(3) With the park brake on and shift lever in neutral, accelerate and decelerate the engine tomake sure the throttle works correctly.

E. DRIVING VEHICLE

Follow these procedures for maneuvering the vehicle:

(1) Check all instruments and gauges for normal indication and proper function.

(2) Test foot brake pedal for travel and firmness that is associated with solid stopping action.

(3) Turn on lighting systems for operation (headlights, beacons, etc.).

(4) Ensure you can control the direction of travel. With the service brake applied, shifttransmission control lever/gear box switch in both directions.

(5) Before moving the vehicle, observe that the intended path of the vehicle is clear of people,obstacles, and any safety hazards.

(6) Depress the service brake pedal and hold firmly.

(7) Turn the steering wheel slowly until the wheels are straight-ahead.

(8) Select the desired steering mode on the selector switch, if applicable.

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(9) Continue to depress the service brake pedal. Release the parking brake.

(10) Select the desired forward or reverse gear with the transmission shift lever (Diesel poweredunits).

(11) Release the service brake pedal gently, then depress the accelerator pedal smoothly andslowly until desired speed is reached.

NOTE: HARD ACCELERATION IN DIESEL POWERED UNITS WILL RESULT IN EXCESSIVEFUEL CONSUMPTION.

WARNING

USE ONLY 1ST OR 2ND GEAR AND DO NOT SHIFT GEARS WHILE TOWING OR PUSHING ANAIRCRAFT OR LOAD. FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT IN SERIOUS BODILY INJURY,DEATH, OR PROPERTY DAMAGE, INCLUDING DAMAGE TO THE VEHICLE!

F. STEERING MODES (OPTIONAL)

WARNING

VEHICLE MAY BE EQUIPPED WITH AN ELECTRONIC FOUR-WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM.CRAB STEER MODE SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERS THE HANDLING OF VEHICLE. DO NOTOPERATE VEHICLE IN CRAB STEER MODE WITHOUT PROPER TRAINING. FAILURE TOCOMPLY MAY RESULT IN SERIOUS BODILY INJURY, DEATH, OR PROPERTY DAMAGE,INCLUDING DAMAGE TO THE VEHICLE!

A steer control panel is provided with the four-wheel steering system (refer to Figure 4). Thispanel is located on the center console between the driver and passenger (B400). The electronicsteering controller keeps the rear steering axle properly aligned with the front steering axle,depending on the mode selected. The system allows the operator to shift steering modes whiledriving (“shift on the fly”). The steering mode change will take effect when the front wheels areback through the center axle position.

WARNING

DO NOT DRIVE THE VEHICLE ABOVE 8 KM/H (5 MPH) WHILE IN CRAB STEER MODE. HIGHERSPEEDS MAY CAUSE LOSS OF CONTROL. FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT IN SERIOUSBODILY INJURY, DEATH, OR PROPERTY DAMAGE, INCLUDING DAMAGE TO THE VEHICLE!

NOTE: YOU CAN LOSE CONTROL IN CRAB STEER MODE WHEN PARKING, RETURNINGSTEERING WHEEL TO STRAIGHT DIRECTION, MAKING SHARP TURNS, ORSTEERING INCORRECTLY AS VEHICLE MOVES DIAGONALLY.

NOTE: THE VEHICLE WILL STAY IN FIRST GEAR WHILE IN CRAB STEER MODE.

NOTE: VEHICLE WHEELS MUST BE STRAIGHT-AHEAD BEFORE THE STEERING SYSTEMRECOGNIZES A NEWLY SELECTED STEER MODE (CHANGING FROM THE CURRENTSTEER MODE TO A DIFFERENT STEER MODE).

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Figure 8 STEERING MODES

NOTE: STEERING MODES CAN BE SELECTED WHILE THE VEHICLE IS MOVING, BUT INMOST CASES THE CHANGE IN STEER MODE WILL NOT TAKE EFFECT UNTIL THEFRONT WHEELS ARE STEERED BACK THROUGH CENTER AXLE POSITION.

When restarting the vehicle after a shut down, the steer mode will be the last engagedmode, even if a new mode has been selected before starting the engine. The new selectedsteer mode will be engaged once the front wheels are steered through the center axleposition (straight-ahead alignment position).

Any detected failure of the steering system will result in illumination of a warning red lighton the center console. If this happens, stop and shut down the vehicle and notifymaintenance personnel immediately to correct the malfunction.

NOTE: DUE TO THE AXLE STEERING GEOMETRY, THE FRONT AND REAR TIRES WILL NOTPRODUCE EXACT DIAGONAL MOVEMENT. TIRES MAY END AT A GREATER ANGLEIN ONE MODE THAN ANOTHER.

STEERING MODE REQUIREMENTS

Changing from To steer mode Requirement

2WS (front wheel) 4WS Coordinate Seamless

4WS Coordinate 2WS (front wheel) Seamless

2WS (front wheel 4WS Crab Steer back through center axle position

4WS Crab 2WS (front wheel) Steer back through center axle position

4WS Coordinate 4WS Crab Steer back through center axle position

4WS Crab 4WS Coordinate Steer back through center axle position

COORDINATEDSTEER

FRONT-WHEELSTEER

CRABSTEER

COORDINATEDSTEER MODE

FRONT-WHEELSTEER MODE

CRABSTEER MODE

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OPERATION

WARNING

BEFORE STARTING THE VEHICLE, ENSURE ALL PERSONS AND OBJECTS ARE CLEAR OFTHE VEHICLE, AND ALL COMPARTMENT DOORS ARE CLOSED AND SECURED. TIRES ANDWHEELS CAN MOVE WITHOUT WARNING AND CRUSH PERSONS. FAILURE TO COMPLYMAY RESULT IN SERIOUS BODILY INJURY, DEATH, OR PROPERTY DAMAGE, INCLUDINGDAMAGE TO THE VEHICLE!

G. PARKING BRAKE

The parking brake in the B400 is hand actuated, pulling up the ring to move the brake lever.Move the parking brake lever forward to release, and backwards to lock the brake.

The parking brake warning light in the instruments and control panel will illuminate whenever theparking brake is applied.

To release the parking brake, the parking brake valve applies hydraulic pressure to release thespring-applied parking brake. The parking brake valve controls the flow of hydraulic pressure tothe parking brake caliper, releasing the spring-applied brake whenever there is pressure in thesystem. Without hydraulic pressure, the spring-applied parking brake is engaged.

CAUTION

DO NOT ENGAGE PARKING BRAKE WHILE VEHICLE IS IN MOTION. FAILURE TO COMPLYMAY RESULT IN DAMAGE TO VEHICLE, OR OTHER PROPERTY, INCLUDING THE AIRCRAFT!

H. DRIVING MODES AND SHIFTING GEARS (DIESEL POWERED UNITS)

CAUTION

ALWAYS STOP THE VEHICLE COMPLETELY BEFORE SHIFTING THE TRANSMISSION TOCHANGE DIRECTION. FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT IN DAMAGE TO VEHICLE, OROTHER PROPERTY, INCLUDING THE AIRCRAFT!

(1) Transmission Shift Lever - The shift lever is located on the center console in theoperator's cab. The transmission shift lever allows the operator to select direction anddriving speeds. The lever enclosure has a dial that indicates the gear and direction oftravel selected.

NOTE: THE AUDIBLE WARNING ALARM WILL SOUND IF THE TRANSMISSION SHIFTER ISPLACED INTO GEAR WHILE THE PARKING BRAKE IS ENGAGED.

Driving Position Forward Reverse

Driver’s Cab Six speeds (F1 through F6) Three speeds (R1 through R3)

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(2) Driving Forward

(a) Apply the service brake.

(b) Release the parking brake.

(c) Move the shift lever forward into first gear (F1) or second gear (F2). Use only F1 orF2 for towing or push-back aircraft.

(d) Release the service brake and depress the accelerator to move the vehicle forward.

(e) Move the shift lever into upper gears to drive faster.

NOTE: THE VEHICLE MUST COME TO A COMPLETE STOP BEFORE SHIFTING INTOREVERSE.

NOTE: THE DRIVE-IN-REVERSE ALARM WILL SOUND WHEN THE TRANSMISSION SHIFTLEVER IS PLACED INTO A REVERSE GEAR, WARNING THE VEHICLE IS MOVINGBACKWARDS.

(3) Driving in Reverse

(a) Apply the service brake.

(b) Release the parking brake.

(c) Move the shift lever backwards into first gear (R1) or second gear (R2).

(d) Release the service brake and depress the accelerator to move the vehicle inreverse.

I. STOPPING THE VEHICLE

(1) Decrease speed by removing your foot from the accelerator pedal.

(2) Use moderate pressure on the brake pedal and gradually bring the vehicle to a completestop.

(3) With the tractor completely stopped, place transmission shift lever (Diesel powered units)in “N” (neutral).

(4) Pull the parking brake lever to apply parking brake in Diesel powered units.

(5) Release service brake. Allow the engine to idle (Diesel powered units).Pro

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OPERATION

J. SHUT DOWN VEHICLE (DIESEL POWER UNITS)

(1) When shutting down the engine, always allow it to idle for at least two minutes to stabilizeand cool the engine temperature.

NOTE: ALLOW THE ENGINE TO IDLE FOR THREE TO FIVE MINUTES BEFORE TURNING ITOFF AFTER A FULL-LOAD OPERATION. NOT ALLOWING TO COOL DOWN MAYRESULT IN PREMATURE DAMAGE TO THE ENGINE.

(2) Turn the ignition switch to the “OFF” position to shut off the vehicle and any other lights oraccessories that are still operating.

(3) Apply parking brake, and chock wheels if necessary.

(4) Set optional 24 VDC battery cut-off switch to OFF, if applicable.

K. PUSHING/TOWING OPERATIONS

NOTE: EACH AIRLINE HAS ESTABLISHED PROCEDURES FOR PUSHING/TOWINGAIRCRAFT. ALL OPERATORS SHOULD BE FAMILIAR WITH THOSE PROCEDURESBEFORE OPERATING THE VEHICLE AROUND ANY AIRCRAFT.

(1) Ensure the load being pushed or towed does not exceed the operational capability of thevehicle.

Tractive effort calculations may be needed according to the load to tow or push, andweather and surface conditions. Refer to operational charts and aircraft compatibilitycharts.

(2) Follow the correct operational procedures as stated within this section.

(3) Use wheel chocks as indicated by the local safety rules before connecting and/ordisconnecting the load.

(4) Use headset for communications as required.

(5) Check the load before pushing or towing, and ensure the coupling device is properlyattached and secured. Verify the coupler pins to ensure they are properly engaged.

Whenever attaching or detaching the coupling device, always apply the vehicle’s parkingbrake. Whenever the operator leaves the vehicle, the ignition switch should be in the“OFF” position.

(6) Use extreme caution when maneuvering the vehicle loaded around congested areaswhere other equipment can cross over the same travel path or when passing through blindspots. The operator should be alert for other personnel and equipment.

(7) Carefully observe for preventing protrusions such as aircraft wings from entering spacethat lacks the proper clearance.

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(8) Allow enough time and distance when braking a loaded vehicle; the additional weight willrequire a longer distance before coming to a complete stop.

L. TRACTIVE EFFORT CALCULATIONS

Calculations can be made to determine which gear is the best choice for a given towing orpush-back operation.

(1) To calculate the tractive effort for the maintenance tow of an empty aircraft on a positive 2%slope (assume a rolling resistance of 2%):

(2) Tractive effort versus speed charts can be used to determine two values:

(a) The breakaway resistance, which determines if there is enough tractive effort toinitiate movement.

(b) The required tractive effort, which is equal to the sum of the rolling resistance andgrade resistance. This determines the speed and/or gear at which the load could(and should) be moved.

(3) The required tractive effort is dependent upon the following factors:

• Aircraft and tractor weight

• Rolling resistance

• Grade or slope

• Whether aircraft engines are running

• Breakaway resistance

• Straight push or pull versus angled push or pull

NOTE: FOR FURTHER DETAILS ON CALCULATING REQUIRED TRACTIVE EFFORT,CONSULT THE AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURER’S GROUND HANDLING MANUAL.

Total weight = Aircraft weight + tractor weight

Rolling resistance = Total weight x percentage of rolling resistance

Grade resistance = Total weight x percentage of grade

Breakaway resistance = Total weight x 0.04

Required tractive effort = Rolling resistance + grade resistance

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EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Section 3. Emergency Procedures

1. GENERAL

WARNING

ONLY APPLY E-STOP TO DISABLE THE VEHICLE IN CASE OF EMERGENCY. PRESSING THEEMERGENCY STOP PUSH-BUTTON WILL COMPLETELY SHUTDOWN THE VEHICLE.FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT IN SERIOUS BODILY INJURY, DEATH, OR PROPERTYDAMAGE, INCLUDING DAMAGE TO THE VEHICLE!

The vehicle is equipped with an electrical-driven emergency hydraulic pump activated from the driver’scab actuating on a spring-loaded two-position switch. This pump allows for replenishing hydraulicpressure accumulators for service brakes, steering and parking brake release. Also, a hand-operatedemergency hydraulic pump is provided with the vehicle. This pump has a removable handle, and can beused for emergency operations when no other hydraulic source or electrical power is available.

Emergency procedures in this section describe the necessary steps to follow, in case of mechanicalbreakdown or equipment malfunctions.

NOTE: IT IS IMPORTANT TO COMPLETELY READ AND UNDERSTAND THIS EMERGENCYPROCEDURES SECTION BEFORE OPERATING THE VEHICLE.

CAUTION

DO NOT ENERGIZE THE HYDRAULIC EMERGENCY PUMP DURING NORMAL VEHICLEOPERATION. FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT IN DAMAGE TO VEHICLE, OR OTHERPROPERTY, INCLUDING THE AIRCRAFT!

2. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

WARNING

BEFORE TOWING, ATTACH TOW VEHICLE WITH TOW BAR AND/OR CHOCK WHEELSBEFORE DISENGAGING PARK BRAKE. FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT IN SERIOUSBODILY INJURY, DEATH, OR PROPERTY DAMAGE, INCLUDING DAMAGE TO THE VEHICLE!

CAUTION

CONTINUOUS OPERATION OF HYDRAULIC EMERGENCY PUMP FOR MORE THAN ONEMINUTE WILL OVERHEAT THE ELECTRICAL MOTOR. IF EMERGENCY PROCEDURESCANNOT BE COMPLETED WITHIN ONE MINUTE, PUMP MUST BE ALLOWED TO COOL FORAT LEAST 10 MINUTES BEFORE CONTINUING. FAILURE TO COMPLY MAY RESULT INDAMAGE TO VEHICLE COMPONENTS!

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A. TOWING VEHICLE WITH ENGINE OPERATIONAL (DIESEL POWER UNIT)

If the engine is operational and the vehicle must be towed, a tractor-to-tractor can be performed(refer to Figure 1).

(1) Attach towing bar between disabled tractor and towing vehicle.

(2) Release parking brake.

(3) Verify that steering in the disable vehicle is operational.

(4) Proceed to tow the disabled vehicle. Steering should be done on the disabled vehicle tofollow the towing vehicle.

NOTE: TOWING SPEED MUST NOT EXCEED 10 KM/H (6 MPH) FOR A DISTANCE NO MORETHAN 10 KM (6 MILES).

(5) Once tow destination is reached, engage parking brake, and shutdown the vehicle.

(6) Disconnect towing bar from vehicles.

B. TOWING VEHICLE WITH ENGINE INOPERATIVE (DIESEL POWER UNIT)

If the engine is not operational, loss of power will result. The parking brake must be releasedbefore towing the vehicle (refer to Figure 2).

NOTE: THE EMERGENCY PUMP MUST BE USED TO PROVIDE STEERING TO THE DISABLEDVEHICLE UNDER TOWING.


(2) Release parking brake by moving the parking brake lever forward.

(3) Verify that steering in the disabled vehicle is operational. It may be necessary to actuatethe emergency pump switch intermittently during towing to recharge accumulators, whichprovide hydraulic pressure for steering and parking brake release.

(4) Proceed to tow the disabled vehicle. Steering should be done on the disabled vehicle tofollow the towing vehicle. Keep hydraulic pressure in the range of 103–138 bar (1500–2000 psi) during towing.

If hydraulic pressure drops below 103 bar (1500 psi), actuate the emergency pump switchlocated on the cab control panel, until the pressure is above 138 bar (2000 psi).

NOTE: TOWING SPEED MUST NOT EXCEED 5 KM/H (3 MPH) FOR A DISTANCE NO MORETHAN 10 KM (6 MILES).



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EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

C. TOWING VEHICLE WITHOUT ELECTRICAL POWER

If the services pump is inoperative, and the vehicle does not have electrical power available, theelectrical-driven emergency pump cannot be used for emergency procedures. The parking brakemust be released before towing the vehicle.

NOTE: THE HAND-OPERATED EMERGENCY PUMP MUST BE USED TO RELEASE THEPARKING BRAKE.

NOTE: NO HYDRAULIC PRESSURE WILL BE AVAILABLE FOR STEERING WHICH WILL BEDIFFICULT ON THE DISABLED VEHICLE UNDER TOWING.


(2) Release parking brake with the hand pump. Refer to D. ’PARKING BRAKE RELEASE’within this subsection for instructions.

(3) Proceed to slowly tow the disabled vehicle. Steering will be difficult due to loss of hydraulicpressure in the system.

NOTE: TOWING SPEED MUST NOT EXCEED 5 KM/H (3 MPH) FOR A DISTANCE NO MORETHAN 180 METERS (200 YARDS).


(5) Chock vehicle wheels.


Figure 1TRACTOR-TO-TRACTOR TOWING

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D. PARKING BRAKE RELEASE

This procedure is for use when normal power is not available to release the parking brake.

(1) Close the ball valve by turning the handle 1/4 turn (90º).

(2) Insert the pump handle into the hand-pump socket.

(3) Actuate hand-pump handle until parking brake is released. Tractor will be ready for towing.

(4) After towing has been completed, open the ball valve.

NOTE: BALL VALVE MUST BE IN THE OPEN POSITION FOR NORMAL PARKING BRAKEOPERATION.

NOTE: THE RESERVOIR SHOULD BE FILLED WITH THE SAME TYPE OF HYDRAULIC FLUIDNORMALLY USED IN THE MAIN HYDRAULIC TANK.

Figure 2CHOCKING WHEELS

CHOCKS

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Documents

Operation and Maintenance Manual with Illustrated Parts List€¦ · b400 aircraft tow tractor. 1-2 page 1 june 2012. operation. section 2. operation. warning. before attempting to