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OPERATING EXPERIENCE OF A SOLAR DRIVEN 10 KWc AMMONIA/WATER ABSORPTION CHILLER IN A MODERN
WINERY
Marko Zeiler1, Reinhard Padinger2, and Stefan Gunczy3 1 JOANNEUM RESEARCH, Elisabethstraße 5, A-8010 Graz, Tel: +43 316 876 1334, Fax: +43 316 876 1320
2 JOANNEUM RESEARCH, Elisabethstraße 5, A-8010 Graz, Tel: +43 316 876 1333, Fax: +43 316 876 1320
3 JOANNEUM RESEARCH, Elisabethstraße 5, A-8010 Graz, Tel: +43 316 876 1318, Fax: +43 316 876 1320
Synopsis
Within the EU Project PolySMART (http://www.polysmart.org) a solar driven ammonia/water absorption chiller prototype has been coupled with a biomass driven 3 kWe Stirling engine at a modern winery in southern Styria. The solar driven absorption chiller has been operating for 6 years without maintenance. Constant improvements and optimization works have been carried out. A market mature serial product, the Pink Chiller PSC10 has been developed based on the successful operation of this machine. Finally a measuring period of 12 months ended in November 2009 and results are presented in the paper at hand.
1 System design
Figure 1: Scheme of the CHCP (combined heat cold and power) system at the winery “Peitler” In Figure 1 on the left side the wood chip furnace, which produces the hot flue gas for the Stirling engine is shown. After having passed the heat exchanger of the Stirling engine, the hot flue gas heats the boiler. Hot water from the boiler is stored in the hot water buffer tanks, together with the hot water from the solar collectors. From there the heating loops and the ammonia/water chiller are served. The cold is used to cool and dehumidify the wine bottle storage and additionally to control the fermentation process of the wine. The heat rejection system features a wet cooling tower. Technical data of the components are: Solar collector field: 100.8 m2, Cooling capacity: 10 kWc, Heat capacity of the wood chip furnace: 50 kWth, Power capacity of the Stirling engine: 3 kWel, Buffer storage volume: 4,8 m³.
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2 Results
The results of the monitoring period can be summarized as following: • 6 years of maintenance free operation of the ammonia/water chiller
• COPth: averaging 58,3 %
• Yearly running time of the chiller: 1951 hours
Figure 2 shows the Energy balance and performance of the chiller. The electricity consumption (ETdc), the driving heat (QTdcDc) the produced cold (QTdcCc), the rejected heat (QTdcRc) and the thermal COP of the chiller over the monitoring period from December 2008 to November 2009 are displayed. The total running time of the chiller was 1951 hours and 5020 kWh cold were produced. The chiller features a direct evaporator as well as a cold water cycle. The direct evaporator is used to cool and dehumidify
the wine bottle storage. The cold water is used to control the fermentation process of Figure 2: Energy balance the wine.
Figure 3 shows the temperatures and cooling power of the chiller: the driving temperature (TTdcDcFl) the cold water temperature (TTdcCcFl) the recooling temperature (TTdcRcFl) and the cooling power for the 17th of November are graphed. It can be seen that a cold water temperature of 0 °C is reached with already 70 °C driving temperature at optimal recooling conditions.
Figure 3: Temperatures and cooling capacity
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17.11.2009
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TTdcDcFl (±5%) TTdcCcFl (±5%) TTdcRcRl (±5%) QTdcCc (±5%)
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3 Pictures The following pictures show the devices that are installed in the CHCP system at the winery Peitler.
Winery Peitler in Southern Styria PinkChiller PSC 10 Joanneum Research with surrounding wine yards. 3 kW Stirling engine 100 m² solar collector field on the roof. prototype
4 References
[1] Podesser, E., Peitler J, Meißner E, Türschweller S. Enzinger P.: Einsatz von Sonnenenergie und Bioenergie zu Kühlung von vergärendem Weintraubensaft und zur Weinlagerraumkühlung, Report No: IEF-B-09/03, JOANNEUM RESEARCH, Institute of Energy Research, (2003)
[2] Podesser, E., Dermouz, H., Padinger, R., Wenzel, A., Entwicklung eines mit Holz betriebenen Stirling-Kleinkraftwerkes zur dezentralen Strom- und Wärmeerzeugung – Phase II, Report No: IEF-B-12/95, JOANNEUM RESEARCH, Institute of Energy Research, (1996).
[3] Podesser, E: Umweltverträgliche Kälteerzeugung, Report No: IEF-B-6/94, JOANNEUM RESEARCH, Institute of Energy Research, (1994).
