Open 11/22/00 NRJ/RR/R Johan Hjelm 1 Semantics for the Wireless Web Presentation to European Commission Luxembourg 2000-11-22

11/22/00 NRJ/RR/R Johan Hjelm1

Open

Semantics for the Wireless Web

Presentation to

European Commission

Luxembourg 2000-11-22


Open

Mobile Internet, not iMode, is Japans big success

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Jsky

Ezweb

iMode

0%

50%

100%

Don’t know 1.7% 3.3% 1.0%

No 44.0% 43.9% 43.4%

Yes 54.3% 52.8% 55.6%

i-mode J-Sky WebEZ web & EZ

access

The penetration level of phones with mobile Internet service is

approximately equal among the operators. The number of iMode

subscribers reflect the strength of DoCoMo.

iMode growth rate has been exponential - but so has that of the others


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Current Japanese mobile services are really not very remarkable, but wait and see

•Wireless Internet is at the “WWW 1995” stage•Japanese fixed Internet usage is still low•iMode is just a portal•Like in the rest of the world, SMS is the most used service - and grows fastest

But wait and see….•3G phones have both Java and MPEG 4•3G commercial launch next year•Positioned services were launched in Osaka in September 2000•New applications will grow on the Internet platform


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InternetBig screenKeyboardTime to surf

PlanningResearchLearning

Wireless

My phonePosition knownAlways at hand

Satisfy instant needs

Fixed Internet Mobile Internet

Different user behavior


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Content determines choice of platform

General contents Contents is used as a base when making decissions People choose platform according to the timeframe of that particular decission

LifeMinute by minute

Travel

Transit

Career

Restaurant info

WeatherEvent tickets

Recipes

Education

Fixed Platform

Mobile Platform

Timescale for planning

News

News


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1986 1996 2006

Leisure Time

Dead Time

Working Time

Source: UMTS Market Forecast by Analysis/Intercai

The Killer App: Turn Dead Time into Useful Time

Leisure time has actually increased - and will continue to increase. The last few years we have been turning dead time into working time (by telecommuting etc). Now, we turn dead time into

leisure time - by surfing on the train, and booking tickets from the car.


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1111111111111111111111111

XHTML

WML

Voice

PDF

We will have lots of device types in the future - and lots of display formats

Java

Multimedia

Vectormaps or bitmaps

HTML

CC/PP is the enabler for optimized presentation - and more


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The Mobile Internet waves

“Cut the cord”

“Cut the cord”

“Internet in

your pocket”

“Internet in

your pocket”

“Situation

centric”“Situation

centric”


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Context-dependent information, in Schlichits definition, can be further broken down into two aspects: Environmental adaption, and personalization.

Environmental adaption was not very interesting until the mobile came along - because up till then, your environment did not change.

Where the border between personalization and environmental adaption runs is unclear - but the evidence is that it includes position information.

Screen size

Credit card number

Wheel rotation

Temperature

Position

Language

Taste in music

Unique to me

Shared with others


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The web wave

Tim Berners-Lee invents the web (1990)

Mark Andreesen writes Mosaic, introduces IMG-tag (1994)

We can’t live and do business without the Internet and the web (1999)

GSM is 25 years old

WAP Forum formed (1997)

WAP terminals and applications released (2000)

GPRS (2001)

IMT2000 (2003 - 2004)

iMode launched (1999)

The five year hype wave theory

First intelligent agents in portable devices (1998)

RDF becomes a W3C recommendation (1999)

SKi system deployed in Sweden (2000)

The hype in the ITC industry moves in 5-year waves. Currently, we are in the wireless data

wave.

NOW


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Metadata profile matching: Client and server

The technology is an enabler for future systems

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Parametrized request

Adapted response

Profile matching

Document or service profile


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If content generation or selection is based on profiles, many profiles can be matched to generate an optimized profile

Dc:coverageSe:Karlstad

Date:2000-11-16

Filter:rule2

Filter:rule3

Filter:rule1

Se:Karlstad

Date:2000-11-16

dc:rights=“free”

Date:2000-11-16

dc:rights=“free”

dc:rightsdc:rights=“paid_only”

ccpp:pref pixx=“800”

ccpp:pref pixy=“600”

Filter:rule3

Filter:rule2


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Multiple levels and types of profiles

User profile

User profile

User profile

These are just examples!

Situational profile

Service profile

Terminal profile

Terminal profile

Terminalprofile

Proxy profile Proxy

profile

Situational profile

Situational profile

Policy profilePolicy

profile


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What are profiles?

• Structured assertions about objects within a predefined framework– E.g. CC/PP, WAP UAPROF, Ecommerce service

profiles

• Common vocabulary and framework required– Processing and parsing becomes easier– But common does not necessarily mean standard

– it could mean an industry agreement

• Profiles are more efficient than attribute-value tables when you have to match them across domains


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Creation of vocabularies

• WAP UAPROF has developed a profile vocabulary in the CC/PP structure.

• Some lessons:– Developing a vocabulary is a lot of work– It is sometimes very boring– A lot of education is required for developers to use it– If no industry consensus exists, the vocabulary will

not be used– Trade mark law can be a problem– The more consensus there is about the problem, the

easier the development of the vocabulary


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Originserver

Presentationengine, e.g. WAPapplicationserver

Mobilegateway,e.g. WAP oriMode

Mobilenetwork

UserterminalExisting

services, e.g.E-Pay, InternetAdvertiserInformation base

(distributed)

The future information system: Interacting XML applications

Capability server/proxy


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XSLT and CC/PP

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Mobile gateway

Application server

Transaction server

XML repository

CC/PP cache

Transformation sheet repository

XSLTTranscoder

Modules shown represent logical functions, not physical entities

•The database model can easily be exchanged for a standardized model•This works for XML content - it can not handle the errors in HTML (60 % of all HTML deployed has errors!)


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Profile structures in the wireless web today

• CC/PP• Semantic version of OGIS GML• Dublin Core

Technically, you do not have to register anything - XML is a distributed system

However, for educational and authoring purpouses, you need to show which vocabularies are available

A worthy topic for the EC to support would be the creation of vocabularies (e.g. for vertical city portals)


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Marking up with heuristics

• Essentially turns your document into a database structure

• Describes which content elements should be applied where

• You can create generic rules in the markup and then add the heuristics in the document profile<div filter=“rule1” /> is generic - the meaning of “rule1”

is undetermined

• May require an intermediate step


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Generic filtering heuristics

• You could get by with only one attribute– Remove– i.e. the filtering starts with a full document, removes

everything that is marked up

• But if you want to do more to the content, you need more heuristics– Add to summary– If attribute is

• e.g. if vendor=FunFon

• Further work needed– What are generic heuristics for content filtering?


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The wireless web is the catalyst•The keyword is contextualized computing•Your computer is “aware” of you and your environment, and adapts to it•This means that it will become extremely personal, an extension of yourself

1111111111111111111111111

What is relevant where I am?

Is this an authorized user?What do my friends think about the same thing?

How long till my next appointment? Including how long to get there from here.

No calls now - I am in a meeting

Before the next meeting, put the latest financial figures and news items about the people in the room on the screen

Hello beautiful, here’s my phone number


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• Infostructure = a system that makes information available as a basic resource

• Given a common vocabulary, where is the information?– Much of it is shut up in governement databases

• In the XML world, anyone can invent their own vocabularies– But to facilitate authoring, we need standard vocabularies

• Swedish tourism industry is doing the right thing– event information is made available in machine-readable format free of

charge– Some Swedish governement agencies are doing the right thing– But more education and more work is needed!

• Users need to be educated in the use of metadata and the availabilities of vocabularies

• Users need to be motivated to use metadata


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Privacy managementand Contractual management

•These aspects go hand in hand with interchange of profiles•Only workable solution so far: P3P from the W3C

• The user gets the ability to automatically deny the release of parts of his profile

•But still, there are lots of things unclear•Will P3P be deployed?•How does it work with CC/PP?•How does it work with other profile formats?

•The problem can be handled using out-of-band negotiated contracts

User requests policy

Server sends policy

User sends request with parameters

Server sends requested information


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Terms for profile use - the killer app for micropayments?

• What terms apply to the use of a profile– How is it paid for (micropayments?)– How can it be used (i.e. an aspect of copyright management,

actually - the user has a copyright, too)– How is the policy being policed?– How is the contract established?

• This actually comprises a meta-profile! • E-commerce does not discuss these issues• Actually, this is the same problem as telephony roaming

– In the telecom industry, we know all about clearance of small payments.


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Interchange of profile information (i.e. protocols)

•If profile information is to be useful to more than one party, it has to be interchanged between parties•This implies the use of a standard protocol and a standard data format•These ought to be the same for all access methods and uses•But there is a bunch of consortia and working groups

• SOAP (Microsoft et al)• BEEP (IETF)• XML Protocol (W3C)


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What are the profile problems?

• Matching algorithms– Database matching works well in a single-node environment, but

maybe not in multinode environments

• Communicating and exchanging profiles– Wich protocol: SOAP, BEEP, i-CAP, HTTP? And how?– In a trusted way?

• Profile filtering heuristics• Occlusion of part of profiles, and policies for this

– For instance, using P3P to keep part of a profile private

• Formats (frameworks) and vocabularies– Not only do we need to define them, we also need to publish them,

preferrably as standards

• Education, education, education


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What can you do?

• Enable and perform education• Develop and publish vocabularies• Develop algorithms for matching of profiles• Develop generic filtering heuristics• Develop profile transport formats and protocols• Investigate and mandate profile privacy

management• The EC could have a crucial role as a catalyst

– e.g. enabling cooperation between the Infocities programme and the WAP UAPROF work

Documents

Open 11/22/00 NRJ/RR/R Johan Hjelm 1 Semantics for the Wireless Web Presentation to European Commission Luxembourg 2000-11-22