ONS Update: New Approaches to Renal Insufficiency

Beth Faiman RN, MSN, APRN-BC, AOCNNurse Practitioner, Cleveland ClinicTaussig

Cancer InstitutePre-Doctoral Research Fellow, Case Western

Reserve University

Kidney Dysfunction and Multiple Myeloma

• Kidney dysfunction is one of the common clinical features of symptomatic MM

• 20% to 60% of patients will present with some degree of insufficiency or renal failure

• The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) Clinical Practice Guidelines5 defined renal failure as serum creatinine levels of greater that 3.0 mg/dL

• Affects OS and QOL• Higher risk for infections and anemia

Who is at risk?

• MM who have kappa or lambda light chain (Bence Jones protein) proteinuria

• renal disease in patients with MM is heterogeneous, careful attention must be paid when selecting an appropriate therapy and supportive care measures to decrease progression to ESRD and dialysis.

Renal Failure - Physiology• Tubular capacity for reabsorption exceeded by

excess light chain production• Filtered light chains bind to Tamm-Horsfall

glycoprotein • Cast formation and obstruction in the distal nephron

• Heavy and light chains can cause tubular damage

• Serum Free light chain assay more reliable than urine

Renal Failure• Confounding factors- ATN

– Hypercalcemia/Hyperuricemia– Volume depletion, loop diuretics– Nephrotoxic agents (IV contrast, NSAIDS,

aminoglycosides)– Amyloidosis, LCCD– Other comorbidities (HTN, poorly controlled DM)

Diagnosis

• Cr >2

• SFLC non-secretory MM fail to secrete measurable amounts of m protein = challenge for monitoring of disease.

• sFLC assay relies on an imbalance between kappa and lambda light chains and is a surrogate marker for monoclonality.

Renal Failure- Supportive treatment• Supportive therapy

– Avoid IV contrast and nephrotoxic agents Hydration

– Correct underlying cause • ATN, hypovolemia, MM

– Plasmapheresis- 3 prospective trials favor; 1 did not

– Dialysis- may reverse renal failure

• MONITOR Urine output, character, chem and cbc

Treatment- Newer agents = hope

• Goal: no dialysis!! • Steroids HDDex • Bortezomib safe cr cl <13.8ml/min, reverse RF• Thal safe, no dose redux• Len: dose redux or lead to myelosuppression• Melphalan dose redux• Bisphosphonates – Pam, zometa • Monitoring- cbc, chem , disease status

New insights to novel therapies in MM

Beth Faiman RN, MSN, APRN-BC, AOCNNurse Practitioner, Cleveland ClinicTaussig

Cancer InstitutePre-Doctoral Research Fellow, Case Western

Reserve University

New insights –Upfront and Maint• Upfront – VMP vs VTP mateos et al NDMM

elderly – Both induction schedules highly effective similar

ORR and CR , maint improved responses both ends , overcome poor cyto

• BMPT with BT vs bmp no maint 2y PFS 70v58, OS no difference

• MP vs MPT – 1571 pts- PFS and OS MPT • Maintenance MP vs MPR vs MPR-R

– MPR-R reduced risk progression by 50% vs MP– fIrst trial to document Len maint

What do I watch out for in patients with renal failure

Beth Faiman RN, MSN, APRN-BC, AOCNNurse Practitioner, Cleveland Clinic Taussig

Cancer InstitutePre-Doctoral Research Fellow, Case Western

Reserve University

What do I watch out for in patients with renal failure?

• Kidney dysfunction is one of the common clinical features of symptomatic MM

• 20% to 60% of patients will present with some degree of insufficiency or renal failure

• The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) Clinical Practice Guidelines5 defined renal failure as serum creatinine levels of greater that 3.0 mg/dL

• Affects OS and QOL• Higher risk for infections and anemia

Renal Failure• Be aware of Confounding factors- ATN

– Hypercalcemia/Hyperuricemia– Volume depletion, loop diuretics– Nephrotoxic agents (IV contrast, NSAIDS,

aminoglycosides)– Amyloidosis, LCCD– Other comorbidities (HTN, poorly controlled DM)

• CBC, CHEM , urine output/character• monitor disease • Btz, Len, thal; most new agents on the horizon not

tested ; safety unknown