One Hundred Years of Indian HistoryThe Indians of the Southwest by Edward Everett DaleReview by: Gladys A. ReichardThe Scientific Monthly, Vol. 70, No. 6 (Jun., 1950), p. 406Published by: American Association for the Advancement of ScienceStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20185 .

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BOOK REVIEWS

ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF INDIAN HISTORY

The Indians of the Southwest. Edward Everett Dale. xvi + 283 pp. Illus. $4.00. University of Oklahoma Press. Norman. NUMBER twenty-eight in the "Civilization of the

American Indian Series," The Indians of the Southwest briefly recounts a hundred years of history of the vast territory acquired by the United States from Mexico in 1848, an area including Cali- fornia, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico. The account falls somewhat naturally into four chronological periods. That from the acquisition in 1848 till after the Civil War in 1868 demanded continued efforts toward the subjection of the various Indian populations. Be- tween 1869 and 1900 some stabilization in the relations of Indians and whites was achieved. From 1900 to 1933 the Indian Bureau struggled with policy, administrators, and, of course, Indians, with somewhat doubtful re- sults. The period from 1933 to 1947 was the longest during which a single commissioner held office, one which was revolutionary in many respects. Since 1947 the Indian Bureau has been proceeding on the momen- tum of the previous regime.

In this book the reader will readily find the important dates, and brief accounts of battles, compromises, treaties, policies, and laws. The last third of the book formulates the problems still faced by the Federal government; there are chapters that look to the future -The Agent and His Wards, Education and Schools, Health and Medical Services, A New Regime and Some Current Problems, Southwestern Indians and the Government in 1947.

One gets an impression of Indian problems as de- termined by private manuscripts, Federal and state documents, reports of commissioners and Indian agents, and investigating committees, miscellaneous books and articles. It is a picture painted by documents which could present only one, the white man's, side of the story, most of them written to defend action and ex- penditure of funds. There is little to indicate that the Indian might have a point of view.

As a member of the Meriam Committee of the Insti- tute for Government Research, the author visited "every important reservation in the Southwest" (p. ix). The report published by this committee in 1928 brought about many reforms in Indian administration, especially in education and health. It had a great influence on the American public and paved the way for some of the changes that have been put into effect since 1933.

GLADYS A. REICHARD

Department of Anthropology Barnard College

MEDICAL CLASSIC An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine.

Claude Bernard. (Translated by Henry Copley Greene.) xix + 226 pp. $3.00. Henry Schuman. New York. C LAUDE BERNARD (1813-78) now occupies a rank in

physiology equal to that of the renowned Pasteur (his contemporary and friend) in bacteriology. "He is not merely a physiologist, he is physiology." Neverthe- less, although both French scientists made such incalcul- able contributions to human welfare that they became immortalized in the annals of medical history, Bernard has never been romanticized even for the "omniscient" schoolboy.

Like Pasteur, Bernard labored under extremely ad- verse circumstances: he had to work with crude, hand- made instuments in a small, dark room, while guarding against police unpopularity at animal experiments. A prophet not without honor in his own country, he be- came a full professor, an Academy member, a winner of three Academy grand prizes, a teacher of distinguished research pupils, and a Senator under Napoleon III. It is not generally known that Bernard was buried with all the pomp of a public funeral at the expense of the state-a tribute previously paid to none but princes, statesmen, and generals.

Bernard was the founder of experimental medicine, a science wherein disease is produced artificially by means of chemical and physical manipulations, thereby enabling the biologist and the physiologist to study the problems of life, as well as the function of the organs in their normal and abnormal states. Eighteen octavo volumes contain Bernard's discoveries-puncture dia- betes, pancreatic digestion, the vasomotor nerves, the glycogenic function of the liver, and the isolation of glycogen. Here he dealt also with experimental physiology in application to medicine, the effect of poisons, the physiology and pathology of the nervous system and of the body fluids, experimental pathology, anesthetics and asphyxia, diabetes and animal gly- cogenesis, and operative physiology.

Hence, it is fitting that at this time, when myriad laboratories are carrying on voluminous medical in- vestigations, the publishers should issue still another readable reprint of Claude Bernard's An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine, which was published first in 1865 and remains still an admirable philosophic guide to research. In fact, the classic is among the "100 Great Books" publicized by St. John's College.

This 1949 reprint contains an informative biographical obituary written by Paul Bert, one of Bernard's eminent students, and a preface (carried over from the 1927 re-

406 THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY

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