Once the was IPv4 Once the was IPv4

Christian HuitemaChristian HuitemaArchitect, Windows ® NetworkingArchitect, Windows ® NetworkingMicrosoft ® CorporationMicrosoft ® Corporation

Internet: the exponentials Internet: the exponentials and the brick wall?and the brick wall?

1991: something is going to break…1991: something is going to break… 1992: CIDR is adopted, works starts 1992: CIDR is adopted, works starts

on IPnG.on IPnG. 1994: IPv6 draft is selected1994: IPv6 draft is selected 1995-1999: IPv6 is developed. 1995-1999: IPv6 is developed.

Address shortage; NAT for Address shortage; NAT for client/server. client/server.

2000: peer-to-peer, always-on..2000: peer-to-peer, always-on..

How will IPv6 change the How will IPv6 change the world?world?

Global addressing: Global addressing: 64+64 format: 1.8E+19 networks, units64+64 format: 1.8E+19 networks, units 1E+16 networks, assuming IPv4 efficiency1E+16 networks, assuming IPv4 efficiency 1 million networks per human1 million networks per human 2 networks per sq.ft of Earth (20 per m2 networks per sq.ft of Earth (20 per m22))

Plug and play: Plug and play: IP networking easier than IPXIP networking easier than IPX

Efficient mobility:Efficient mobility: Simple instant-on ad-hoc networkingSimple instant-on ad-hoc networking Mobile IP, without servers, without doglegMobile IP, without servers, without dogleg

Problem 1: Peer-to-peerProblem 1: Peer-to-peerRTP audio exampleRTP audio example

With NAT:With NAT: Need to learn the address “outside the NAT”Need to learn the address “outside the NAT” Provide that address to peerProvide that address to peer Need either NAT-aware application, or Need either NAT-aware application, or

application-aware NATapplication-aware NAT May need a third party registration server to May need a third party registration server to

facilitate finding peersfacilitate finding peers

Home LAN Internet

P1NAT Home LAN

P2NAT

Solution 1: Peer-to-peer Solution 1: Peer-to-peer RTP audio exampleRTP audio example

With IPv6:With IPv6: Just use IPv6 addressJust use IPv6 address

P1 P2Home LAN InternetHome

Gateway Home LANHomeGateway

Problem 2: MultipartyProblem 2: MultipartyConference Example Conference Example

With NAT, complex and brittle software:With NAT, complex and brittle software: 2 Addresses, inside and outside2 Addresses, inside and outside P1 provides “inside address” to P3, “outside P1 provides “inside address” to P3, “outside

address” to P2address” to P2 Need to recognize inside, outsideNeed to recognize inside, outside P1 does not know outside address of P3 to P1 does not know outside address of P3 to

inform P2inform P2

P1 P2

P3Home LAN InternetNAT Home LANNAT

Solution 2: Multiparty IPv6Solution 2: Multiparty IPv6Conference ExampleConference Example

With IPv6:With IPv6: Just use IPv6 addressesJust use IPv6 addresses

P1 P2

P3Home LAN InternetHome

Gateway Home LANHomeGateway

Problem 3: Ad-hoc Problem 3: Ad-hoc networkingnetworking

IPv4: media lock + IPv4: media lock + 63 sec.63 sec. Try DHCPTry DHCP Wait for timeoutWait for timeout Select AutoNet Select AutoNet

addressaddress Conflict detectConflict detect

Solution 3: Ad-hoc Solution 3: Ad-hoc networkingnetworking

IPv6: media lock + IPv6: media lock + 1 sec.1 sec. Configure using Configure using

MACMAC Conflict detectConflict detect

‘cell’ B

Problem 4: Move Problem 4: Move from “cell” to “cell”from “cell” to “cell”

IPv4:IPv4: Tell server,Tell server, Packets are Packets are

relayed through relayed through the serverthe server

P1

P2

‘cell’ A

Internet

Relay

‘cell’ B

Solution 4: Move from Solution 4: Move from “cell” to “cell” with IPv6“cell” to “cell” with IPv6

IPv6:IPv6: Tell server + peerTell server + peer Packets take Packets take

direct pathdirect path

P1

P2

‘cell’ A

Internet

Relay

If IPv6 is so great, how If IPv6 is so great, how come it is not there yet?come it is not there yet?

ApplicationsApplications Need upfront Need upfront

investment, investment, stacks, etc.stacks, etc.

Similar to Y2K, 32 Similar to Y2K, 32 bit vs. “clean bit vs. “clean address type”address type”

NetworkNetwork Need to ramp-up Need to ramp-up

investmentinvestment No “push-button” No “push-button”

transitiontransition

Pure “Version 6” InternetPure “Version 6” Internet

Original “Version 4” InternetOriginal “Version 4” Internet

6to4 Site6to4 Site 6to4 Site6to4 Site

Transition, with 6to4:Transition, with 6to4:No dependency on “core”No dependency on “core”

6to4 addresses:6to4 addresses:1 v4 address = 1 v6 network1 v4 address = 1 v6 network

Stateless tunnel over the IPv4 network Stateless tunnel over the IPv4 network without configurationwithout configuration The IPv6 address contains the IPv4 addressThe IPv6 address contains the IPv4 address Entire campus infrastructure fits behind single Entire campus infrastructure fits behind single

IPv4 addressIPv4 address

FP  (3bits)

TLA  (13bits) IPv4 Address  (32bits) SLA ID  (16bits) Interface ID (64bits)

001 0x0002 ISP assigned Locally administered Auto configured

Microsoft RoadmapMicrosoft Roadmap March 1998 => MSR prototype for NT4.March 1998 => MSR prototype for NT4. March 2000 => Early developer release for March 2000 => Early developer release for

W2K on MSDN Web.W2K on MSDN Web. September 2000 => Full IPv6 Winsock SDK September 2000 => Full IPv6 Winsock SDK

and key application support.and key application support. Next phase: Next phase:

Work on further IPv6 releaseWork on further IPv6 release Test and port applications, test the transition Test and port applications, test the transition

tools.tools. Goal: IPv6 and IPv4 parityGoal: IPv6 and IPv4 parity

Customer chooses!Customer chooses! Eventually => IPv4 becomes legacy Eventually => IPv4 becomes legacy

For More InformationFor More Information Microsoft IPv6 white paperMicrosoft IPv6 white paper

http://www.microsoft.com/technet/http://www.microsoft.com/technet/network/ipvers6.aspnetwork/ipvers6.asp

http://www.microsoft.com/http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/library/howitworks/windows2000/library/howitworks/communications/networkbasics/communications/networkbasics/IPv6.aspIPv6.asp

Microsoft IPv6 Tech Preview NewsMicrosoft IPv6 Tech Preview News http://www.microsoft.com/PressPass/http://www.microsoft.com/PressPass/

press/2000/Mar00/IPv6PR.asppress/2000/Mar00/IPv6PR.asp Microsoft IPv6 Tech Preview KitMicrosoft IPv6 Tech Preview Kit

http://msdn.microsoft.com/downloads/http://msdn.microsoft.com/downloads/sdks/platform/tpipv6.aspsdks/platform/tpipv6.asp

Key MessagesKey Messages

IPv6 direct addressing of all stations IPv6 direct addressing of all stations enables peer-to-peer, conferencing, enables peer-to-peer, conferencing, auto-configuration, mobility. auto-configuration, mobility.

Transition to IPv6 akin to Y2K Transition to IPv6 akin to Y2K (upgrade all SW to 128-bit addresses) (upgrade all SW to 128-bit addresses)

To help industry move along this To help industry move along this path, MSFT released a stack and an path, MSFT released a stack and an SDK for Win2000; MS will continue to SDK for Win2000; MS will continue to iterate this based on industry iterate this based on industry feedback feedback