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On your table you’ll find a WARM-UP sheet. Please put your name on it, and then answer the following question IN COMPLETE SENTENCES in the box for WEDNESDAY.
Warm-UP: 1. What is biology? What can we learn
by studying it?2. What are your goals for this year in
AP bio? Why did you sign up?
Welcome to AP Biology
Whiteboard: Living or Non-living?
1. Sort the “things” into two categories: living vs non-living.
2. List some characteristics of the living things that separate them from the non-living things.
The Eagle Way in Room 310B RESPECT RESPONSIBILITY EFFORT KINDNESS HONESTYLabs/
Small group work
Listen to others ideas, one speaker at a time Electronics may be used as a resource
Share thinking, ideas and work equally in group Engage in academic conversations
Complete your job within the group
Offer to help other group members. Use positive encouragement
Do your fair share of the group work
The Eagle Way in Room 310B RESPECT RESPONSIBILITY EFFORT KINDNESS HONESTYIndividual wor
k
Mind and eyes on your own work Silence and hide your electronics
Focus: Stay on task, use time wisely Show evidence of your best learning
Push yourself to reach your potential Answer all questions in complete sentences
Silent think time
Record your own original thinking and learning
Characteristics of Living Things
Characteristic Example Non-ExampleGrowConsume and Use EnergyRepair and Maintain SelfReproduceRespond to the EnvironmentMade of matter organized into cellsDie
ALL living things do ALL of the following:
Non-living things may do SOME, but not ALL of these
• DUE tomorrow: a composition notebook
Unit 1: Biochemistry and Statistics
Objectives:• Essential knowledge 2.A.3: Organisms must exchange
matter with the environment to grow, reproduce and maintain organization.
• Essential knowledge 4.A.1: The subcomponents of biological molecules and their sequence determine the properties of that molecule.
• Essential knowledge 4.B.1: Interactions between molecules affect their structure and function.
• Essential knowledge 4.C.1: Variation in molecular units provides cells with a wider range of functions.
Unit 1: Biochemistry and Statistics
Warm-UP:
1. What are organisms made of?2. Sort the cards: smallest to biggest
Please have out your warm up sheet and
your composition book
Unit 1: Biochemistry and Statistics
Big Idea: Organisms are made of matter. Matter is atoms organized into biomolecules. The properties of atoms and biomolecules result in bonds (ionic, covalent (polar and nonpolar), hydrogen). Water’s unique properties result in transpiration in plants.
Organisms are made of matter. Matter is atoms organized into biomolecules.
• Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass
• Atoms:
• the basic unit of matter
• C, O, H, N make up 96% of the atoms in living things
• Na, Mg, K, P, S, Cl, Ca make up the other 4%
• Biomolecules:
• atoms bonded
• proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
Organisms are made of matter. Matter is atoms organized into biomolecules.
• Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass
• Atoms:
• the basic unit of matter
• C, O, H, N make up 96% of the atoms in living things
• Na, Mg, K, P, S, Cl, Ca make up the other 4%
• Biomolecules:
• atoms bonded
• proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
Organisms are made of matter. Matter is atoms organized into biomolecules.
• Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass
• Atoms:
• the basic unit of matter
• C, O, H, N make up 96% of the atoms in living things
• Na, Mg, K, P, S, Cl, Ca make up the other 4%
• Biomolecules:
• atoms bonded
• proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
Organisms are made of matter. Matter is atoms organized into biomolecules.
• Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass
• Atoms:
• the basic unit of matter
• C, O, H, N make up 96% of the atoms in living things
• Na, Mg, K, P, S, Cl, Ca, Fe make up the other 4%
• Biomolecules:
• atoms bonded
• proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
Organisms are made of matter. Matter is atoms organized into biomolecules.
• Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass
• Atoms:
• the basic unit of matter
• C, O, H, N make up 96% of the atoms in living things
• Na, Mg, K, P, S, Cl, Ca make up the other 4%
• Biomolecules:
• atoms bonded
• proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
Key Ideas
• Not, in general:
• Copied from the text
• Vocabulary
• People’s names
• Small details
• Are more likely:
• Paraphrased
• Big ideas
• Help you understand the section
Key Ideas
• Not, in general:
• Copied from the text
• Vocabulary
• People’s names
• Small details
• Are more likely:
• Paraphrased
• Big ideas
• Help you understand the section
Organisms are made of matter. Matter is atoms organized into biomolecules.
Please have your homework out to show me for a stamp.
Warm-UP:
• Read 1 key idea to your team. Write down one trait of your key idea that your classmates thought was useful, or needs work.
• Write down one key idea that a classmate had that was very different than yours and you think is helpful.
The properties of atoms and biomolecules result in bonds (ionic, covalent (polar and nonpolar), hydrogen).Atoms: • made of subatomic particles:
• Neutrons: • no charge• has mass• in nucleus• atomic mass minus the atomic
number• Protons:
• positive charge• has mass• in nucleus• atomic number
The properties of atoms and biomolecules result in bonds (ionic, covalent (polar and nonpolar), hydrogen).Atoms: • made of subatomic particles:
• Electrons: • negative charge• negligible mass• “orbit” the nucleus• equal the number of protons when
the atom has no charge• move in “shells” (or areas)
» 1st shell: holds 2 e-» 2nd shell: holds 8 e-» 3rd shell: holds 8 e-
• the valence (outside) electron determines how the atom will interact with other atoms
» take e- from other atoms when valence shell is almost full
» lose e- to other atoms when valence shell is mostly empty
The properties of atoms and biomolecules result in bonds (ionic, covalent (polar and nonpolar), hydrogen).
(2 protons and 2 neutrons)
Atoms: • made of subatomic particles:
• Electrons: • negative charge• negligible mass• “orbit” the nucleus• equal the number of protons when
the atom has no charge• move in “shells” (or areas)
» 1st shell: holds 2 e-» 2nd shell: holds 8 e-» 3rd shell: holds 8 e-
• the valence (outside) electron determines how the atom will interact with other atoms
» take e- from other atoms when valence shell is almost full
» lose e- to other atoms when valence shell is mostly empty
The properties of atoms and biomolecules result in bonds (ionic, covalent (polar and nonpolar), hydrogen).
(2 protons and 2 neutrons)
Practice:
• Draw:
• Na
• oxygen
• nitrogen
• Cl
• Ne
• lithium
Please have your homework out to show me for a stamp.
Warm-UP:
• Write down one question you have from our homework. Be prepared to discuss with your classmates.
The properties of atoms and biomolecules result in bonds (ionic, covalent (polar and nonpolar), hydrogen).
The properties of atoms and biomolecules result in bonds (ionic, covalent (polar and nonpolar), hydrogen).
Whiteboard:
Draw either:
a. hydrogen
b. chlorine
c. carbon
d. oxygen
e. nitrogen
f. sodium
• Now draw your atom as:
• a cation or an anion • an isotope
Please have your safety contract to TURN IN
Please have your homework out: KEY IDEAS 2.3
Warm-UP:
1. Water and hydrogen peroxide are both made of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. So then why don’t they have the same properties?
2. Key Ideas: Listen to classmates. Write down an example of a really good idea you heard.
The properties of atoms and biomolecules result in bonds (ionic, covalent (polar and nonpolar), hydrogen).
The properties of atoms and biomolecules result in bonds (ionic, covalent (polar and nonpolar), hydrogen).
Electronegativity:• an atoms affinity for e-• because different atoms have
more/less electronegativity, different bonds are formed
• increases right and up on periodic table
Molecules:• atoms bond together to make molecules• the gaining and losing of e- results in bonds
between atomsTypes of Bonds:1. ionic:
– stealing of valence e- (most extreme difference in electrogativity)
– cation: one atom becomes positive (loses e-)
– anion: one atom becomes negative (adds e-)
– the charge difference causes a bond– ex: NaCl (table salt)
2. covalent: – sharing of a pair of valence e- by 2
atomsa. nonpolar covalent bond
• atoms have equal electronegativity• sharing of e- is equal• ex: O2
b. polar covalent bond• one atom is more electronegative• sharing of e- is unequal• the unequal sharing of electrons
causes the molecule to be polar (have a partial positive or negative charge)
• ex: H2O3. hydrogen:
– attraction between polar molecules due to positive and negative “sidedness”
– causes solubility: tendency for two polar molecules to mix
The properties of atoms and biomolecules result in bonds (ionic, covalent (polar and nonpolar), hydrogen).
Molecules:• atoms bond together to make molecules• the gaining and losing of e- results in bonds
between atomsTypes of Bonds:1. ionic:
– stealing of valence e- (most extreme difference in electrogativity)
– cation: one atom becomes positive (loses e-)
– anion: one atom becomes negative (adds e-)
– the charge difference causes a bond– ex: NaCl (table salt)
2. covalent: – sharing of a pair of valence e- by 2
atomsa. nonpolar covalent bond
• atoms have equal electronegativity• sharing of e- is equal• ex: O2
b. polar covalent bond• one atom is more electronegative• sharing of e- is unequal• the unequal sharing of electrons
causes the molecule to be polar (have a partial positive or negative charge)
• ex: H2O3. hydrogen:
– attraction between polar molecules due to positive and negative “sidedness”
– causes solubility: tendency for two polar molecules to mix
The properties of atoms and biomolecules result in bonds (ionic, covalent (polar and nonpolar), hydrogen).
The properties of atoms and biomolecules result in bonds (ionic, covalent (polar and nonpolar), hydrogen).
Molecules:• atoms bond together to make molecules• the gaining and losing of e- results in bonds
between atomsTypes of Bonds:1. ionic:
– stealing of valence e- (most extreme difference in electrogativity)
– cation: one atom becomes positive (loses e-)
– anion: one atom becomes negative (adds e-)
– the charge difference causes a bond– ex: NaCl (table salt)
2. covalent: – sharing of a pair of valence e- by 2
atomsa. nonpolar covalent bond
• atoms have equal electronegativity• sharing of e- is equal• ex: O2
b. polar covalent bond• one atom is more electronegative• sharing of e- is unequal• the unequal sharing of electrons
causes the molecule to be polar (have a partial positive or negative charge)
• ex: H2O3. hydrogen:
– attraction between polar molecules due to positive and negative “sidedness”
– causes solubility: tendency for two polar molecules to mix
The properties of atoms and biomolecules result in bonds (ionic, covalent (polar and nonpolar), hydrogen).
Molecules:• atoms bond together to make molecules• the gaining and losing of e- results in bonds
between atomsTypes of Bonds:1. ionic:
– stealing of valence e- (most extreme difference in electrogativity)
– cation: one atom becomes positive (loses e-)
– anion: one atom becomes negative (adds e-)
– the charge difference causes a bond– ex: NaCl (table salt)
2. covalent: – sharing of a pair of valence e- by 2
atomsa. nonpolar covalent bond
• atoms have equal electronegativity• sharing of e- is equal• ex: O2
b. polar covalent bond• one atom is more electronegative• sharing of e- is unequal• the unequal sharing of electrons
causes the molecule to be polar (have a partial positive or negative charge)
• ex: H2O3. hydrogen:
– attraction between polar molecules due to positive and negative “sidedness”
– causes solubility: tendency for two polar molecules to mix
Molecules:• atoms bond together to make molecules• the gaining and losing of e- results in bonds between atomsTypes of Bonds:1. ionic:
– stealing of valence e- (most extreme difference in electrogativity)
– cation: one atom becomes positive (loses e-)– anion: one atom becomes negative (adds e-)– the charge difference causes a bond– ex: NaCl (table salt)
2. covalent: – sharing of a pair of valence e- by 2 atomsa. nonpolar covalent bond
• atoms have equal electronegativity• sharing of e- is equal• ex: O2
b. polar covalent bond• one atom is more electronegative• sharing of e- is unequal• the unequal sharing of electrons causes the
molecule to be polar (have a partial positive or negative charge)
• ex: H2O3. hydrogen:
– attraction between polar molecules due to positive and negative “sidedness”
– causes solubility: tendency for two polar molecules to mix
The properties of atoms and biomolecules result in bonds (ionic, covalent (polar and nonpolar), hydrogen).
Practice:
Draw:1. H22. NaCl3. CO24. H2O5. O26. NH3
Identify the bond type
The properties of atoms and biomolecules result in bonds (ionic, covalent (polar and nonpolar), hydrogen).
–
+ +H H
O
Warm-Up
1. What is the molecule?2. What kind of bond has
formed between the atoms?
3. Explain how this bond happened.
Whiteboard
• Draw a Bohr Model
• Explain:
– Name of bond
– How it happened
– Use electronegativity in your explanation
1. CO2
2. NaCl
3. O2
4. 2 water molecules bonded
5. NH3
6. 1 water molecule and NaCl
Warm-UP:
Look over your homework. Which question was the most difficult for you? What was difficult about it?
Question: Which liquid will fit more drops on a penny? Drops of alcohol or water?
Hypothesis (with scientific reason):
Lab: Water vs Alcohol
Materials: 20 mL alcohol, 20 mL water, plastic transfer pipettes, 1 penny
Procedure:
1. Place your penny on the paper towel.
2. Add drops of alcohol until the alcohol spills. Record the number of drops.
3. Dry the penny.
4. Repeat steps 2-4 for 10 trials.
5. Repeat steps 2-5 with water.
Lab: Water vs Alcohol
Materials: 20 mL alcohol, 20 mL water, plastic transfer pipettes, 1 penny
Trial Alcohol Water
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
Average
Lab: Water vs Alcohol
Before you leave:• return material• pipettes in the garbage• calculate averages• if time, start your
homework: 10 Key Ideas 3.2 (skip “Moderation of Temperature by Water”)
Warm-UP:
1. Compare the molecular structure of water and isopropyl molecules.
2. Look at your hypothesis and data from yesterday. Were you right? Explain.
When done with your warm-up, pile it in the middle of the table for collection.
Whiteboard:
Draw and use the terms: adhesion, cohesion, surface tension, hydrogen bonds:
• Water molecules on penny
• Isopropyl molecules on penny
Explain:
• Can a penny hold more water molecules or isopropyl molecules? Use data
• How does the ratio of oxygen to other atoms affect polarity?
Whiteboard: Expectations:
Explain:
• Can a penny hold more water molecules or isopropyl molecules? Use data
• How does the ratio of oxygen to other atoms affect polarity?
Press your classmates:
• supportive questioning: “Could you tell me about …?”
• Paraphrase your classmate: “What I hear you saying is…?”
• Ask for clarifying questions: “Could you explain this part of your data?” point to a specific data point
• Be ready to present. I will call on people at random. Be ready to answer.
Warm-UP
• New Stamp Sheet/Warm-UP Sheet
• Homework tonight: Alcohol vs Water Lab Stats handout
• Warm-UP:
1. What is the 1st thing that comes to mind when you think of “math”? Da, da, DA
2. What is the best thing YOU do to improve your comfort and ability in math?
Statistics in AP Biology
• alternative hypothesis: there will be an observed effect for our experiment
• Ex: Drinking Gatorade will result in faster runners than drinking water.
• null hypothesis: there will be NO observed effect for our experiment
• Ex: There will be no difference in running speed whether drinking Gatorade or water.
Terms:
Statistics in AP Biology
• mean: average
• range: description of how spread out the numbers are
• standard deviation: calculates the amount of deviation from the mean
• standard error of the mean: a formula for calculating how big the standard deviation is
Terms:
Statistics in AP Biology
• t test:
• measures confidence in rejecting the null
• compares two groups that vary
• chi square test:
• measures confidence in rejecting the null
• compares variance between observed and expected
Terms:
Warm-UP
Students had the following data. Which will have a greater standard deviation? Explain why.
Trial Alcohol Water
1 12 12
2 14 19
3 15 50
4 10 45
5 16 32
6 12 12
7 14 60
8 17 55
9 16 48
10 19 24
Homework tonight: finish Stats Practice handout (yellow sheet). SKIP scientific explanations for now.
Warm-UP
Talk to your team about the homework and why we do statistics. Write down one thing you learned. Some guiding questions: Why do statistics? What is the importance of the standard deviation? Why do scientists need a null hypothesis?
Homework tonight: I am COLLECTING your stats practice (the yellow sheet). Finish it if it’s not done and PERFECT. (you can skip the explanation part of the conclusion for now)
Whiteboard: Stats Review
Show your work! Like every step:
1. Question 1, s for DO exercise
2. Question 1, s for DO NOT exercise
3. Question 1, calculated t and estimated p
4. Question 2, s for Eastern WA
5. Question 2, s for Western WA
6. Question 2, calculated t and estimated p
Warm-Up:
This tree used to be a tiny seed. To get big, it had to take in matter from the environment.
1. What does a plant
take in from the environment?
2. How does a plant get what it needs into itself?
Giant Sequoia Tree
Homework: 10 Key Ideas: 36.3
Methods: Estimating Number of Stomata
Methods: Estimating Number of Stomata
Methods: Estimating Number of Stomata
Methods: Estimating Number of Stomata
Procedure1. Dig a small plant from the grass outside. 2. Draw and label the plant and its parts 3. Paint a small patch of nail polish on the under side of one
leaf. Wait for it to dry!4. Once it is dry, take a piece of clear tape and put it over the
nail polish. Rub it gently to make the tape stick5. Peel off the tape and put it on a microscope slide. Adjust
to high power.6. Draw and label the stomata.7. Table talk with your lab team. How could you estimate the
density of stomata per square mm? 8. Explain your method in step by step format.
Warm-Up:
This tree used to be a tiny seed. To get big, it had to take in matter from the environment.
1. How does the
properties of water help the plant get what it needs?
2. This big ol’ tree is constantly losing matter. How?
Giant Sequoia Tree
Homework:10 Key Ideas: 36.4
Lab: Effect of Different Density of Stomata on Transpiration Rate
Transpiration: the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation through stomata.
Question: Does a plant with a higher density of stomata have a higher rate of transpiration?
HA: with scientific reason
H0:
Procedure1. Determine Density of Stomata on Group 1 (use
your method)2. Wrap root ball in saran wrap.3. Mass whole plant with saran wrap. Record.4. Place back in “box” until tomorrow.5. Mass whole plant again. Record.6. Calculate transpiration rate (percent mass of
water lost per minute).7. Repeat steps 1-6 2 more times.8. Repeat steps 1-7 with Group 2
Lab: Effect of Different Density of Stomata on Transpiration Rate
Data: Density of Stomata
Group 1 Group 2
Trial 1 2 3 Avg. 1 2 3 Avg.
Lab: Effect of Different Density of Stomata on Transpiration Rate
Data: Determing Transpiration RateGroup 1 Group 2
Trial 1 2 3 1 2 3
Mass Before
Mass After
Mass Lost
Percent Mass Lost
Transpiration Rate (percent mass lost per minute)
Lab: Effect of Different Density of Stomata on Transpiration Rate
Warm-UP: What do you need to finish in class today in order to do your t test tonight for homework?
Lab: Effect of Different Density of Stomata on Transpiration Rate
TO DO:• Determine density of stomata in Group 1 vs 2• Determine mass after for Group 1 vs 2• Calculate your transpiration rate for each of
your trials.• Ensure you know how to do your stats.
Homework: stats
CLEAN-UP:• shake the dirt into the dirt bucket• plants (without their dirt) into the plant bucket• Stack your empty pot with the others• Plastic wrap in the garbage
Lab: Effect of Different Density of Stomata on Transpiration Rate
TO DO:• Determine density of stomata in Group 1 vs 2• Determine mass after for Group 1 vs 2• Calculate your transpiration rate for each of your
trials.• Ensure you know how to do your stats.
Homework: stats
Lab: Effect of Different Density of Stomata on Transpiration Rate
Homework: stats
Group 1 Group 2mean (ẍ)
standard deviation (S) TOTAL degrees of
freedom (df)
calculated t value estimated p value estimated percent
confidence (%)
Warm-UP
1. As a team: Discuss your teammates’ statistics. Whose looks right? Write it down.
2. TACT stands for Tension, Adhesion, Cohesion, and Transpiration. How did our lab address TACT?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=At1BJJDcXhk
Water’s unique properties result in transpiration in plants.
TACT:1. Tension:
• at the interface with air, water hydrogen bonds to water “even better”
• Causes water to behave as if it has an invisible film
2. Adhesion: • water hydrogen bonds to other polar
molecules and ions• causes polar molecules and ions to
dissolve in water• molecules that dissolve are termed
hydrophilic; those that don’t are termed hydrophobic
• water hydrogen bonds to the xylem3. Cohesion:
• water hydrogen bonds to other water molecules
• water that evaporates from a leaf pulls on and is replaced by water from vessels (xylem) in the leaf. This upward pull is transmitted to the roots.
4. Transpiration:• water evaporates from plants through
stomata• due to tension, adhesion, and cohesion
Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 3.7
Water’s unique properties result in transpiration in plants.
TACT:1. Tension:
• at the interface with air, water hydrogen bonds to water “even better”
• Causes water to behave as if it has an invisible film
2. Adhesion: • water hydrogen bonds to other polar
molecules and ions• causes polar molecules and ions to
dissolve in water• molecules that dissolve are termed
hydrophilic; those that don’t are termed hydrophobic
• water hydrogen bonds to the xylem3. Cohesion:
• water hydrogen bonds to other water molecules
• water that evaporates from a leaf pulls on and is replaced by water from vessels (xylem) in the leaf. This upward pull is transmitted to the roots.
4. Transpiration:• water evaporates from plants through
stomata• due to tension, adhesion, and cohesion
Water’s unique properties result in transpiration in plants.
TACT:1. Tension:
• at the interface with air, water hydrogen bonds to water “even better”
• Causes water to behave as if it has an invisible film
2. Adhesion: • water hydrogen bonds to other polar
molecules and ions• causes polar molecules and ions to
dissolve in water• molecules that dissolve are termed
hydrophilic; those that don’t are termed hydrophobic
• water hydrogen bonds to the xylem3. Cohesion:
• water hydrogen bonds to other water molecules
• water that evaporates from a leaf pulls on and is replaced by water from vessels (xylem) in the leaf. This upward pull is transmitted to the roots.
4. Transpiration:• water evaporates from plants through
stomata• due to tension, adhesion, and cohesion
Water’s unique properties result in transpiration in plants.
TACT:1. Tension:
• at the interface with air, water hydrogen bonds to water “even better”
• Causes water to behave as if it has an invisible film
2. Adhesion: • water hydrogen bonds to other polar
molecules and ions• causes polar molecules and ions to
dissolve in water• molecules that dissolve are termed
hydrophilic; those that don’t are termed hydrophobic
• water hydrogen bonds to the xylem3. Cohesion:
• water hydrogen bonds to other water molecules
• water that evaporates from a leaf pulls on and is replaced by water from vessels (xylem) in the leaf. This upward pull is transmitted to the roots.
4. Transpiration:• water evaporates from plants through
stomata• due to tension, adhesion, and cohesion
Water’s unique properties result in transpiration in plants.
TACT:1. Tension:
• at the interface with air, water hydrogen bonds to water “even better”
• Causes water to behave as if it has an invisible film
2. Adhesion: • water hydrogen bonds to other polar
molecules and ions• causes polar molecules and ions to
dissolve in water• molecules that dissolve are termed
hydrophilic; those that don’t are termed hydrophobic
• water hydrogen bonds to the xylem3. Cohesion:
• water hydrogen bonds to other water molecules
• water that evaporates from a leaf pulls on and is replaced by water from vessels (xylem) in the leaf. This upward pull is transmitted to the roots.
4. Transpiration:• water evaporates from plants through
stomata• due to tension, adhesion, and cohesion
Water’s unique properties result in transpiration in plants.
TACT:1. Tension:
• at the interface with air, water hydrogen bonds to water “even better”
• Causes water to behave as if it has an invisible film
2. Adhesion: • water hydrogen bonds to other polar
molecules and ions• causes polar molecules and ions to
dissolve in water• molecules that dissolve are termed
hydrophilic; those that don’t are termed hydrophobic
• water hydrogen bonds to the xylem3. Cohesion:
• water hydrogen bonds to other water molecules
• water that evaporates from a leaf pulls on and is replaced by water from vessels (xylem) in the leaf. This upward pull is transmitted to the roots.
4. Transpiration:• water evaporates from plants through
stomata• due to tension, adhesion, and cohesion
Water’s unique properties result in transpiration in plants.
TACT:1. Tension:
• at the interface with air, water hydrogen bonds to water “even better”
• Causes water to behave as if it has an invisible film
2. Adhesion: • water hydrogen bonds to other polar
molecules and ions• causes polar molecules and ions to
dissolve in water• molecules that dissolve are termed
hydrophilic; those that don’t are termed hydrophobic
• water hydrogen bonds to the xylem3. Cohesion:
• water hydrogen bonds to other water molecules
• water that evaporates from a leaf pulls on and is replaced by water from vessels (xylem) in the leaf. This upward pull is transmitted to the roots.
4. Transpiration:• water evaporates from plants through
stomata• due to tension, adhesion, and cohesion
Water’s unique properties result in transpiration in plants.
TACT:1. Tension:
• at the interface with air, water hydrogen bonds to water “even better”
• Causes water to behave as if it has an invisible film
2. Adhesion: • water hydrogen bonds to other polar
molecules and ions• causes polar molecules and ions to
dissolve in water• molecules that dissolve are termed
hydrophilic; those that don’t are termed hydrophobic
• water hydrogen bonds to the xylem3. Cohesion:
• water hydrogen bonds to other water molecules
• water that evaporates from a leaf pulls on and is replaced by water from vessels (xylem) in the leaf. This upward pull is transmitted to the roots.
4. Transpiration:• water evaporates from plants through
stomata• due to tension, adhesion, and cohesion
Whiteboard
HA:Ho:STATS:
Conclusion:• Reject or fail to reject your Ho. Answer your investigative question.• Use your data.• How does this help us understand transpiration?
Communicate Our FindingsPresent:
– Summarize your findings– Consider alternative hypotheses– New questions to investigate?
Probing Questions: Turn and talk to your teammates: 1. Does their data match their conclusion? Is there something they
didn’t think of that may explain their data better?2. Did they correctly use their data to explain TACT?
Team Talk:– FEEDBACK: What questions did we get from post-its? How should
we change our conclusion based on others’ questioning?– RETHINKING: What new thinking has your data pressed you to do?
New hypotheses? New questions?– Homework: DUE WEDNESDAY: FINISHED LAB REPORT (make sure
you write down your team’s conclusion before you leave today!)
2 3: first day of school: living vs non living; plant beans and radishes: Unit 1 Slides 1-6
4: Unit 1 Slides 7-16; Homework 2.2 (skip orbitals): book checkout
5:Unit 1 Slides 17-21: Homework: Atoms 101:
8: whiteboard Atoms 101 and Practice from Slide 20-21Safety ContractSyllabus2.3
9Molecules 101
10Molecules Share OutCheck-In on Matter
11Alcohol vs Water DataHMWK: 3.2
12Data, Graph, some sense-makingWhiteboard Data ExplanationHomework: ?
15Course Fee DUEAlcohol vs Water T Test
16Stats Worksheet: Practice (page 2)
17Stats Presentations
18Viewing and Counting Stomata
19Transpiration Lab Day 1
22Transpiration Lab Day 2: Data
23Transpiration Lab Day 3: Finish Collecting Data
24Stats Share Out
25Main Computer Lab: Write your report
26Main Computer Lab: Write your report
29UNIT 1 TEST: Biochem and Stats
Lab Report DUE
30 1 2 3
SEPTEMBER
OCTOBER
Lab: TranspirationQuestion: How does _____ affect transpiration rate in plants?
Alternative Hypothesis (with scientific reason):
Null Hypothesis:
Procedure: sketch is enough
Variables: independent (manipulated), dependent (responding), controls
Variables• Independent Variable:
– what you’re changing; a.k.a. manipulating variable• Dependent Variable:
– what you’re measuring; a.k.a. responding variable• Controlled Variable:
– all the factors that MIGHT affect the dependent variable BUT that you don’t want to affect the dependent variable
• Experimental Group:– the group you’re changing
• Control Group:– the group you’re comparing to your experimental group
• Example: Does the drug 3TC stop HIV replication?– Independent Variable: 3TC– Dependent Variable: number of HIV in a 1ml blood sample of infected patient– Controlled Variables: diet, gender, age, number of years with HIV, number of
HIV at beginning of experiment should be statistically similar– Experimental Group: a group of HIV infected patients who are taking 3TC– Control Group: a group of HIV infected patients who are taking a placebo
Investigating Transpiration in Plants
Warm-UP: As a team: Discuss your teammates’ ideas for a question. Decide whose experiment you will use. On your warm-up sheet:1. record the question you decided on.2. Explain what factor lead you as a team to decide on this
idea.
Investigating Transpiration in Plants
On whiteboard: YOUR EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN• Investigation Question• Hypothesis: Alternative • Procedure:
– Include a SKETCH of your set-up• Experimental Group• Control Group• Controlled Variables
– Describe how you plan to make measurements.
• Validity: – your question matches your experiment– your data will address your question
• Reliability: – your experimental design can be repeated– you have sufficient controlled variables that your
data can answer your question
Gallery Walk• Clarifying Questions:
– Do you understand their set-up?– Do you understand their question?
• Probing Questions: Press your classmates1. Do they have a valid experiment? Does their set-up
answer their investigative question?2. Will their experiment be reliable? controls?3. TACT? Does the experiment help us understand factors
that influence Transpiration/Adhesion/Cohesion/Tension? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=At1BJJDcXhk
Next Step
• Before you leave, in your notebooks: Experimental Design: 2nd draft
• Homework: Introduction:– A one-paragraph explanation– Why the question is interesting or important to
you.– How will your question investigate TACT?
Today’s Agenda
Warm-UP:1. How did your question develop?2. Did your team change your design? Why?3. Why do scientists work together?
Set-UP:
Data:
Homework: Figure 6.8 Plant Cell ONLY: Structure and Function of all parts (except cytoskeleton)