On the use of Ontologies for Information Systems …computerscience.unicam.it/merelli/ontology.pdfOn the use of Ontologies for Information Systems Interoperability joint work with

On the use of Ontologies for Information Systems Interoperability

joint work with

Flavio Corradini, Rosario Culmone e Emanuela Merelli

Dipartimento di Matematica e InformaticaUniversità di CamerinoItalia

Sirolo 7-8 October 2005

[email protected] 2

Information Systems

• The information system is the component of an organization that manages (gets, processes, stores, communicates) the information of interest [Atzeni et al. 1999]• each organization has its own information system (protocols,

terminology, processes, activities, resources, …), • usually, the information system operates in support to other

components of the organization

• The very notion of information system is partlyindependent of its computerization

• The Organizational System dealing with rules and roles

[email protected] 3

Reference Architectureof openEHR (Electronic Health Record)

e-Health scenario 1/3

[email protected] 4

Test Laboratory

Regestry

ArchetypeServer

HealthInformation

Locator

Surgery

EPR

Hospital

EPR

Server EHR

e-Health scenario 2/3The Information System is

responsable of

• information flows(processes)

• information resources(data)

users

Database

processes

DBMS

data

[Ceri, 1999]

[email protected] 5

e-Health scenario 3/3

The EHR must contain the hystorical updated clinical information of anindividual

1. The information must be complete as much as possibleEvery clinical event, that happens in any place of the world, must be recorded

? How to precisely describe any event?

2. The information must be accessible from each health structures placedeverywhere

Every structure must be able to exchange clinical dataHow to share information description?

Information systems interoperability

[email protected] 6

Information Systems Interoperability by integrating …

• Ontology

• Activity-based Application(Workflow)

• Agent-based Middleware formobile computing

ACL + XML + RDF

data format

XPDL

Explicit specification of a conceptualization. An abstractsimplified view of the world represented for some purpose[Gruber ‘93]

The computerized facilitation or automation of a business process, in whole or part.(from Workflow Management Coalition-Reference Model)

Agents are software components that: - embed a “complete” behaviourin their control,- are autonomous and react toexternal stimuli and nvironment- can be mobile (in the sensethat they can move from a site another)

[email protected] 7

From Data to Knowledge and vice versa

Data + wrapper agents +common ontology + mapping tools

Information + agent-based coordination+communication ontology

Domain ontologies (human concepts) + workflow

IS Interoperabilitythrough Integration

XML+RDF+ACL

data format + schema

meta-data

[email protected] 8

$

Enterprise System

Organizational System

Information System

Computer-basedsystem

Processes

RulesRules

Resources

$

Roles and Responsabilities

ProtocolsProtocols

Data

Applications

Hierarchy Enterprise Systems

[email protected] 9

Organizational System 2

Information System 2




$

Resources

$

ProtocolsProtocols

$

Processes

RulesRules

Resources

$

ProtocolsProtocols

Data

Applications




$

RulesRules

Resources

$

ProtocolsProtocols


Organizational System 1Shared Domain Ontology

ontology + services

ontology + coordination

ontology + user view

ACL + XML + RDF

data format

WfDL

wrapper agents

user agents

workflow

ontology + services


ontology + user view

ACL + XML + RDF

data format

WfDL

wrapper agents

user agents

workflow

ontology + services


ontology + uesr view

ACL + XML + RDF

data format

WfDL

wrapper agents

user agents

workflow Applications

Applications

Processes

Processes

Data

Data

Domain Ontology 2-3

Domain Ontology 1

Domain Ontology 2

Domain Ontology 3

Enterprise System

[email protected] 10

Middleware for mobile computation: motivations

• Middleware sits between the operating system and the application

• Facilitates the development of distributed applications

• Provides developers with abstractions, hiding details of distribution, enabling rapid, dependable development

• Includes typical features as communication primitives, replication, concurrency management, etc.


What is HERMES?

- Hermes is a software tool (80 kb of Java code)

- Hermes supports the execution of software applications. The applications it supports can be:- Activity-based- Distributed

- Hermes provides service agents to- Ontology management- Web-services orchestration- Data repository wrapping- …


Main Aim for Developing Hermes

For the application domains we are interested in applications must be as much as easy and intuitive possible to specify

The programmer of applications has to concentrate on the involved activities and can ignore implementationstrategies or metodological development issues

Hence, we also demands to the (automatic) tool the bridging of the gap between an application specificationand the application itself


Hermes’ software architecture


Hermes: The Agent-based Middleware


Hermes Middleware Architecture for O2I

User InterfaceApplication Workflow

ULAD

WorkflowMng

Editor + Compiler

User Layer System Layer

Wrapper Service Agent

TemporaryData

Repository

RetrievalService Agent

Run-Time Layer

MobileUser Agents

FASTA

RDB

HTMLXML

Local Repositories

EMBL

…

ASN.1

GenBank

TXT

DoSALAID

ADb

NCBI

RSR

EnsEMBL

Ontology MngService Agent

WebServicesService Agent

MatchmakerService Agent


Activity-based applications for BioMedicine (O2I Project)

Use context: Stanford-Lab -- verification of proteins mutation experiment byin-silico reproducing

Goal: Retrieve abstracts from a molecular biology literature db for identifyingthe best cell line for reproducing a human TP53 mutation experimentlinked to a particular tumour-habits-sex combination

Activities: by using Bioinformatics Services avaible in the net

1. Retrieve all mutations (IDs) observed in the 7th exon in men who are ex-smokers and drinkers

• by searching p53 mutations database SRS (IST, Genova)

2. Retrieve all mutations (IDs) observed by using B9 cell line as original resource• by searching p53 mutations database SRS (IST , Genova)

3. Retrieve all abstracts of the correlated bibliographic references, of a specific mutation ID• by searching Medline (NCBI)

1st Activity

2nd Activity

3rd Activity


The Geographical Distribution

Hermes-Camerino

NCBI

IST-Genova

Research InstituteMIS-Stanford1st Activity

Retrieve all mutations (IDs) observed in the 7th exon in men who are ex-smokers and drinkers

2nd Activity

Find all mutations observed by using B9 cell line

3nd ActivityRetrieve all abstracts of the

correlated bibliographic references, of a specific mutation ID


B1 B4

merge

C1

Info_Mutationi

Abstract

Intersection_Mutation

Nome_Mutation

Intersezione_Mutation

Linea Cellulare : linea_cellulare

Intron exon : intron_exonSesso : sexFumo : smokeAlcool : alcool

linea_cellulare= B9intron_exon= 7-exonsex= Mfumo= ex-fumatorealcool= bevitore

Info_MutazioniNome_MutazioniIntersezione_MutazioniAbstract

[Intersezione_Mutazioni = 0]

[Intersezione_Mutazioni> 0]

An Example of Workflow at User Level

1st Activity

Retrieve all mutations (IDs) observed in the 7th exon in men who are ex-smokers and drinkers

2nd Activity

Find all mutations observed by using B9 cell line

3nd Activity

Retrieve all abstracts of the correlated bibliographic references,

of a specific mutation ID

4rd Activity


A1: Find information about the cell line named xA2: Find all cell lines derived from a specific tumour or pathologyA3: Find all cell lines producing a specific proteinA4: Given a specific cell line, find all related bibliographic referencesA5: Given a specific cell line, find all information about produced proteins

B1: Find all mutations observed in a specific intron/exon in subjects with specific sex and life habits (i.e. smokers/ drinkers)B2: Find all mutations in subjects affected by a given pathology B3: Find all subjects affected by a tumoural pathology and with a given protein mutationB4: Find all mutations observed by using a given cell lineB5: Given a specific mutation, find all abstracts of the correlated bibliographic references

Activities in Cell Line domain

Activities in Mutation domain

Activities in Bibliographic domain

C1: Select all abstracts of bibliographic references, whose text includes a given termC2: …………………………..

Activities in Hermes

H1: Merge in AIXO-WAH2: …………………………..

Select similar sequences

select PDB structuresfrom sequences

MaxSequences: IntegerSequenceType: seqTypenewSequence: String


Select articles from sequences

Find crystallographicstructures from PDB Structures

Sequences: String [ ]BlastVersion: String


Sequence: String[]Sequence: String[]

Articles:File[ ]Articles:File[ ]

String[ ]String[ ]

PDBstruct[ ]PDBstruct[ ]

File[ ]File[ ]

Cstructure [ ]Cstructure [ ]Find crystallographic

structures from articles

Union

PDBlist : PDBstruct[ ]PDBlist : PDBstruct[ ]

Cstructure [ ]Cstructure [ ]

SIMILARITYTool: StringSeqRepositories: String[ ]


CONGIF: SIMILARITYCONGIF: SIMILARITY

PDBPDBRepositories: String [ ]


CONGIF: PDBCONGIF: PDB

ARTICLESArticleRepositories: String [ ]



CONGIF: ARTICLESCONGIF: ARTICLES

array1: [ ]array2: [ ]



[ ][ ]

FTPUploadResultcontent: ANYcontent: ANY

CONGIF: FTPCONGIF: FTP

FTPFTPSite: StringUserName: StringPasswords: String


Select similar sequences

select PDB structuresfrom sequences



Select articles from sequences

Find crystallographicstructures from PDB Structures



Sequence: String[]Sequence: String[]

Articles:File[ ]Articles:File[ ]

String[ ]String[ ]

PDBstruct[ ]PDBstruct[ ]

File[ ]File[ ]

Cstructure [ ]Cstructure [ ]Find crystallographic

structures from articles

Union

PDBlist : PDBstruct[ ]PDBlist : PDBstruct[ ]

Cstructure [ ]Cstructure [ ]



CONGIF: SIMILARITYCONGIF: SIMILARITY







CONGIF: ARTICLESCONGIF: ARTICLES




[ ][ ]

FTPUploadResultcontent: ANYcontent: ANY

CONGIF: FTPCONGIF: FTP



Activities Database for O2I


Domain Ontology


Hermes Middleware Architecture for O2I

User InterfaceApplication Workflow

ULAD

WorkflowMng

Editor + Compiler

User Layer System Layer

Wrapper Service Agent

TemporaryData

Repository

RetrievalService Agent

Run-Time Layer

MobileUser Agents

FASTA

RDB

HTMLXML

Local Repositories

EMBL

…

ASN.1

GenBank

TXT

DoSALAID

ADb

NCBI

RSR

EnsEMBL

Ontology MngService Agent

WebServicesService Agent

MatchmakerService Agent


Workflow (Context-Aware) CompilerThe compiler generates a pool of cooperating agents form the workflow

specification

Two steps compilation:• Step1: from user level Wf to agent level Wf

• User Level Activity Database (ULAD) • contains the mapping from each user activity to an agent level Wf specification

• Step 2: agent synthesis • Database of Skeletons (DoS)

• contains the “empty” implementation of an agent role (skeleton)• Agent-Level Activity Implementation Database (ALAID)

• contains the implementation of each agent level activity

Context-awarenessThe compiler takes advantage of information about the state of the global environment during the agent synthesis


Compiler Step 1: from User to Agent LevelWorkflow

ULAD


Compiler Step 2: executable application agents

Compiler

DoS ALAID

ActivityActivityActivityActivity

ActivityActivity

Activity

Activity


Ontology Based Wrapper Agent

Mobile agent

Mapping function


Ontology Graph


Semantic Similarity Functions

1. Similar by relation: Given a description of twoconcepts we measure the semantic similarity of twoconcepts by recursively comparing the existing relations among all the concepts involved in the description

2. Max-Structural Match: Given a description of twoconcepts we measure the semantic similarity of twoconcepts by recursively comparing the most similarstructural matching


Semantic Similarity

Similarity by relations

Translated-from

Structural similatiry


Ontology Functional Similarity


Main Publications

- F. Corradini, E. Merelli. Hermes: An agent-based middleware for Mobile Computing. FMS-Moby, Springer, LNCS 3465, pp. 234-270, 2005

- F. Corradini, L. Mariani, E. Merelli. An agent-based layered middleware as toolintegration. Journal of Software Tools Technology Transfer, Vol. 6, pp. 231-244, 2004

- \- D. Bonura, F. Corradini, E. Merelli, G. Romiti. FARMAS: a MAS for Extended Quality

Workflow. Int. Work. on Theory and Practice of Open Computational Systems, TAPOCS’04, IEEE, 2004

- F. Corradini, R. Culmone, M. R. Di Berardini. Code Mobility for Pervasive Computing. Int. Work. on Theory and Practice of Open Computational Systems, TAPOCS’04, IEEE, 2004

- F. Corradini, E. Merelli, M. Vita. A Multi-Agent System for Modelling CarbohydrateOxidation in Cell. First International Workshop On Modelling Complex Systems, MCS'05, LNCS, 2005

- F. Corradini, R. Culmone, E. Merelli. Integrating mobile agent and ontologies in a distributed environment, working paper.

- F. Corradini, E. Merelli, M. Ruffino Ontology-drive Information System Architecture in the Knowledge Management Perspective, workibg paper


Hermes Software

• Downloadable from

http://hermes.cs.unicam.itor

http://www.bioagent.net

Thanks to the audience!


IsNullvalore : Boolean

<<predicate>>

IsGlucosiovalore : Boolean

<<predicate>>IsMannosio

valore : Boolean

<<predicate>>

IsFruttosiovalore : Boolean

<<predicate>>

IsSaccarosiovalore : Boolean

<<predicate>>

IsLattosiovalore : Boolean

<<predicate>>

IsAmidovalore : Boolean

<<predicate>>

IsGlicogenovalore : Boolean

<<predicate>>

RequestRC

<<Act>> Request()

<<action>>

GetRC

<<Act>> Get()

<<action>>

SendRC

<<Act>> Send()

<<action>>

SendALL

<<Act>> Send()

<<action>>

GetALL

<<Act>> Get()

<<action>>

RequestALL

<<Act>> Request()

<<action>>

CarboidratoID_Tipo : int

<<concept>>

11

11 11

11

11

11

11 11

EsisteOssigenovalue : Boolean

<<predicate>>

IsAlcolicavalue : Boolean

<<predicate>>

GetG

<<Act>> Get()

<<action>>

SendG

<<Act>> Send()

<<action>>

Request

<<Act>> Request()

<<action>>

GetCdK

<<Act>> Get()

<<action>>

SendCdK

<<Act>> Send()

<<action>>

RequestCdK

<<Act>> Request()

<<action>>

GetLA

<<Act>> Get()

<<action>>

SendLA

<<Act>> Send()

<<action>>

RequestLA

<<Act>> Request()

<<action>>

SendFA

<<Act>> Send()

<<action>>

GetFA

<<Act>> Get()

<<action>>RequestFA

<<Act>> Request()

<<action>>

IsOPP_OKvalue : Boolean

<<predicate>>

IsCicloKrebs_OKvalue : Boolean

<<predicate>>

IsRespirazione_OKvalue : Boolean

<<predicate>>IsTrasporto_OKvalue : Boolean

<<predicate>>IsGlicolisi_OKvalue : Boolean

<<predicate>>IsInizializzazione_OKvalue : Boolean

<<predicate>>

Gruppo Dati Respirazione Cellulare

NADox : intNADrid : intFADH2 : intATP : intADP : int

<<concept>>

11

11

11

Gruppo Dati GlicolisiOssigeno : BooleanCarboidrato : intPi : intATP : intADP : intNADrid : intNADox : intPiruvato : intH2O : intTipoFermentazione : int

<<concept>>

0..*0..*

11

11

11

11 11

InvioFase

<<Act>> Send()

<<action>>

Gruppo Dati Ciclo KrebsNADox : intNADrid : intH2O : intATP : intADP : intFAD : intFADH2 : intCO2 : intAcetilCoA : intCoA : int

<<concept>>

11

11

11FermentazioneLattica

Piruvato : intNADrid : intNADox : intAcidoLattico : int

<<concept>>

1111

11

FermentazioneAlcolicaNADrid : intNADox : intCO2 : intEtanolo : intPiruvato : int

<<concept>>

11

1111

RequestOOP

<<Act>> Request()

<<action>>

GetOPP

<<Act>> Get()

<<action>>

SendOPP

<<Act>> Send()

<<action>>

Gruppo Dati Condivisi<<concept>>

11

11

11

1111

1111

11

Gruppo Dati OPPPiruvato : intCO2 : intNADrid : intNADox : intCoA : intAcetilCoA : int

<<concept>>

11

11

11

11

Trasporto<<concept>>

11

11

FaseID : intNome : String

<<concept>>

11

11

11

11

111111

1111

11

1111

11

11

DomainOntologyDescription


Gru p p o D a ti C o n d ivis i<<co n ce p t>>

Gru p p o D a ti OPPPi ru va to : in tC O2 : in tN ADrid : in tN ADo x : in tC o A : i ntAce tilC o A : in t

<<co n ce p t>>

Gru p p o D a ti C iclo K re b sN AD o x : in tN AD rid : in tH 2 O : in tATP : in tAD P : in tFAD : in tFAD H 2 : in tC O2 : in tAce ti lC o A : in tC o A : in t

<<co n ce p t>>Fe rm e n ta zio n e L a tticaP iru va to : in tN AD rid : in tN AD o x : in tAcid o L a ttico : in t

<<co n ce p t>>Fe rm e n ta zio n e Alco lica

N AD rid : in tN AD o x : in tC O2 : in tE ta n o lo : in tP iru va to : in t

<<co n ce p t>>

Gru p p o D a ti G lico lis iOs s ig e n o : B o o le a nC a rb o id ra to : in tPi : in tATP : in tAD P : in tN AD rid : in tN AD ox : in tPi ru va to : in tH 2 O : in tTip o Fe rm e n ta zio n e : in t

<<c on c e p t>>

Fa s eID : in tN o m e : S trin g

<<co n c ep t>>

Gru p p o D a ti R e s p ira zio n e C e llu la reN AD ox : i ntN AD rid : in tFAD H2 : in tATP : in tAD P : in t

<<co n ce p t>>

C a rb o id ra toID _ Tip o : in t

<<c on c e p t>>

1

11

1

1

1

11111

1

11

1

11

11

11

1

1111

0 ..*0 ..*

Domain Ontology Description: environment


Carboidrato

ID_Tipo : int(from Domain)

<<concept>>

IsFruttosio

valore : Boolean(f rom Do main )

<<predicate>>IsMannosio

valore : Boolean(from Domain)

<<predicate>>

IsGlicogeno


<<predicate>>IsAmido


<<predicate>>

IsLattosio


<<predicate>>

IsSaccarosio


<<predicate>>

IsNull


<<predicate>>IsGlucosio


<<predicate>>GetG

<<Act>> Get()

(from Domain)

<<action>>SendG

<<Act>> Send()

(from Domain)

<<action>>

Request

<<Act>> Request()

(from Domain)

<<action>>

Gruppo Dati Glicolisi

Ossigeno : BooleanCarboidrato : intPi : intATP : intADP : intNADrid : intNADox : intPiruvato : intH2O : intTipoFermentazione : int

(from Domain)

<<concept>>

IsAlcolica

value : Boolean(from Domain)

<<predicate>>

EsisteOssigeno

value : Boolean(f rom Do main )

<<predicate>>

1

1

1

11

0..*

11

1

11

11

1

111

11

10..*

1

1

11

1

1

1

Domain Ontology Description: functional role


Communication Ontology Description Diagram

AgCitosol - AgMembranaMitocondrialeInterna1

Ontology : FaseLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgCitosol - AgStatoAttuale1Ontology : Gruppo Dati GlicolisiLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgCitosol - AgStatoAttuale2Ontology : Gruppo Dati GlicolisiLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgMembranaMitocondrialeInterna - AgStatoAttuale1

Ontology : Gruppo Dati Respi razione CellulareLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>


Ontology : Gruppo Dati Respirazione CellulareLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgMembranaMitocondr ialeInterna - AgMatriceMitocondriale1


<<Communication>>

AgStatoAttuale - AgCitosol1Ontology : FaseLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgInterfaccia - AgStatoAttuale1Ontology : Gruppo Dati CondivisiLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgMatriceMitocondriale - AgMembranaMitocondrialeInterna1


<<Communication>>

AgMatriceMitocondriale - AgStatoAttuale1

Ontology : Gruppo Dati OPPLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>


Ontology : Gruppo Dati Ciclo KrebsLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgStatoAttuale - AgInterfaccia1Ontology : Gruppo Dati CondivisiLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgCitosol - AgStatoAttuale3Ontology : FermentazioneAlcolicaLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgCitosol - AgStatoAttuale4Ontology : FermentazioneLatticaLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgCitosol - AgStatoAttuale5Ontology : FermentazioneAlcolicaLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgCi tosol - AgStatoAttuale6Ontology : FermentazioneLatticaLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgStatoAttuale - AgCitosol2Ontology : FermentazioneAlcolicaLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgStatoAttuale - AgCitosol3Ontology : FermentazioneLatticaLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgStatoAttuale - AgCitosol4Ontology : Gruppo Dati GlicolisiLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgStatoAttuale - AgMembranaMitocondrialeInterna1Ontology : Gruppo Dati Respirazione CellulareLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgMatriceMitocondriale - AgStatoAttuale3Ontology : Gruppo Dati OPPLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgMatriceMitocondriale - AgStatoAttuale4Ontology : Gruppo Dati Ciclo KrebsLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgStatoAttuale - AgMatriceMitocondr iale1Ontology : Gruppo Dati OPPLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgInterfacciaDati : Gruppo Dati Condivisi

<<Agent>>

AgCitosolFase : FaseFermentazioneAlcolica : FermentazioneAlcolicaFermentazioneLattica : FermentazioneLatticaGlicolisi : Gruppo Dati Glicolisi

<<Agent>>

AgMembranaMitocondrialeInternaFase : FaseRespirazioneCellulare : Gruppo Dati Respirazione Cellulare

<<Agent>>

+Glicolisi

+Trasporto

AgCitosol - AgMembranaMitocondrialeInterna1

AgStatoAttualeDatiCondivisi : Gruppo Dati Condivisi

<<Agent>> +Glicolisi

+AggiornaDatiCondivisi

AgCitosol - AgStatoAttuale1

+Glicolisi



+CatenaRespiratoria



+CatenaRespiratoria




+GlicolisiAgStatoAttuale - AgCitosol1

+Inizializzazione


AgInterfaccia - AgStatoAttuale1


+MostraATPCitosol

AgStatoAttuale - AgInterfaccia1

+FermentazioneAlcolica



+FermentazioneLattica


AgCitosol - AgStatoAttuale4+FermentazioneAlcolica




+AggiornaDatiCondivisi AgCitosol - AgStatoAttuale6+AggiornaDatiCondivisi

+FermentazioneAlcolica

AgStatoAttuale - AgCitosol2+AggiornaDatiCondivisi


AgStatoAttuale - AgCitosol3


+Glicolisi

AgStatoAttuale - AgCitosol4


+CatenaRespiratoria

AgStatoAttuale - AgMembranaMitocondrialeInterna1

AgMatriceMitocondrialeOssidazione Piruvato : Gruppo Dati OPPCiclodiKrebs : Gruppo Dati Ciclo KrebsFase : Fase

<<Agent>>

+Trasporto

+OssidazioneParzialeAcidoPiruvico

AgMembranaMitocondrialeInterna - AgMatriceMitocondriale1

+CicloAcidoCitrico

+CatenaRespiratoria

AgMatriceMitocondriale - AgMembranaMitocondrialeInterna1




+CicloAcidoCitrico






+CicloAcidoCitrico





AgStatoAttuale - AgMatriceMitocondriale1 +AggiornaDatiCondivisi

+CicloAcidoCitrico

AgStatoAttuale - AgMatriceMitocondriale2

AgStatoAttuale - AgMatriceMitocondr iale2Ontology : Gruppo Dati Ciclo KrebsLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

Communication Ontology


AgStatoAttualeDatiCondivisi : Gruppo Dati Condivisi

<<Agent>>AgMatriceMitocondriale

Ossidazione Piruvato : Gruppo Dati OPPCiclodiKrebs : Gruppo Dati Ciclo KrebsFase : Fase

<<Agent>>

AgMatriceMitocondriale - AgStatoAttuale3Ontology : Gruppo Dati OPPLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>AgMatriceMitocondriale - AgStatoAttuale1

Ontology : Gruppo Dati OPPLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communi cation>>

AgMatriceMitocondriale - AgStatoAttuale4Ontology : Gruppo Dati Ciclo KrebsLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

AgStatoAttuale - AgMatriceMitocondriale1Ontology : Gruppo Dati OPPLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communi cation>>AgStatoAttuale - AgMatriceMitocondriale2Ontology : Gruppo Dati Ciclo KrebsLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>


Ontology : Gruppo Dati Ciclo KrebsLanguage : XMLProtocol : FIPARequest

<<Communication>>

+OssidazioneParzialeAcidoPiruvico +AggiornaDatiCondivi si

AgMatriceMitocondria le - AgStatoAttual e1

+CicloAcidoCitrico +AggiornaDatiCondivi si


+Ossidazi oneParzi aleAcidoPiruvico+AggiornaDatiCondivi si


+CicloAci doCi tri co+AggiornaDati Condivi siAgMatriceMitocondriale - AgStatoAttuale4

+AggiornaDatiCondivisi+OssidazioneParzialeAcidoPiruvico

AgStatoAttuale - AgMatriceMitocondriale1 +AggiornaDatiCondivi si+CicloAcidoCitrico

AgStatoAttuale - AgMatriceMitocondriale2

Communication Ontology: MM and Environment

Documents

On the use of Ontologies for Information Systems …computerscience.unicam.it/merelli/ontology.pdfOn the use of Ontologies for Information Systems Interoperability joint work with