On the spectrum of antihydrogen: characterization of the 1S ...enfpc/xxxix/images/slider/RLage...New apparatus was build in 2012 (ALPHA-2), now with optical access Challenging build

On the spectrum of antihydrogen:

characterization of the 1S-2S

transitionProf. Rodrigo Lage Sacramento

XXXIX Encontro Nacional de Física de Partículas e Campos

Campos do Jordão 24 a 28 de setembro de 2018

Antihydrogen Laser PHyiscs ApparatusAround 50 researchers/students from 15 instituitions from 7 different contries (Brazil, Canada, Denmark, United States, Israel, United Kingdom and Sweden)

The ALPHA collaboration

Prof. Claudio Lenz CesarProf. Daniel de Miranda SilveiraProf. Rodrigo Lage Sacramento 27/09/2018Rodrigo Sacramento - UFRJ - ENFPC XXXIX

2

Antihydrogen Laser PHyiscs Apparatus

Hydrogen (H)Antihydrogen (ഥH)

Precise test for CPT violation: high

precision spectroscopy of trapped

hydrogen and antihydrogen

Tests for check the Equivalence

Principle

Antigravity?

Image source:http://aegis.web.cern.ch27/09/2018Rodrigo Sacramento - UFRJ - ENFPC XXXIX

3 The main goal of the ALPHA Collaboration is study trapped antihydrogen

for precise comparisons with hydrogen

27/09/2018Rodrigo Sacramento - UFRJ - ENFPC XXXIX

4

A little bit

of history...

We have to mix some antiprotons ( ҧ𝑝) with some positrons (𝑒+)

How to produce antihydrogen?

pbars positrons

mix region


5


6We have to mix some antiprotons ( ҧ𝑝) with some positrons (𝑒+)


First we need antiprotons ( ҧ𝑝)….


The Antiproton Decelerator (AD) -

antiprotons are produced ~26 GeV, arrive in

the AD with 3.6 GeV. Are then delivery to experiments with 5.3 MeV (𝑛 ҧ𝑝~3 − 4 × 107)

then captured in a Penning trap with 4 keV

(1 eV ~ 10000K)


7


…and how we cool then.

A small cloud of ( ҧ𝑝) with temperatures

around hundreds of kelvin are then use

to produce ഥ𝐻27/09/2018Rodrigo Sacramento - UFRJ - ENFPC XXXIX

8• ഥ𝐻 it is produced in the interior of

traps for charged particles.

• ഥ𝐻 is made from the combination of

clouds of antiprotons merged with

clouds of positrons.

4 keV

First the ( ҧ𝑝) get trapped…

B

Trapped particles

cylindricalelectrodes


Second we need some positrons (𝑒+)…

Half- life about 2.6 years

To the

experiment


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Then we mix everything together for about 1 ms – Zoom in the mix region


10

B

Trapped particles

cylindricalelectrodes


Just pbars


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Mix around ~90000 ҧ𝑝 with ~1,5 𝑀 𝑒+

getting around of ~25000 ഥ𝐻

Then we mix everything together for about 1 ms – Zoom in the mix region



12Then we mix everything together for about 1 ms – Zoom in the mix region

𝑘𝐵𝑇 ≤ 𝜇 ∙ 𝐵

𝑇 ≈ 0.67 K/T

Conditions for the magnetic trapping:

For 𝜇 = 𝜇𝐵 and B = 1,0 T, the temperature

of the sample will be the order of:

And the spectroscopy?

New apparatus was build in 2012 (ALPHA-2), now with optical access

Challenging build

a cavity in this

environment!


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New apparatus was build in 2012 (ALPHA-2), now with optical access

Challenging build

a cavity in this

environment!


14

Observation of the 1S–2S transition in trapped

antihydrogen Nature, Vol 546, p 506 (2017)

doi:10.1038/nature21040


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And the spectroscopy?About the cavity: Projected, Built and tested in the UFRJ

And the spectroscopy?(2017) The first observation was just on and off resonance

Agree with hydrogen in 2 × 10−10

NO CPT violation (yet…)27/09/2018Rodrigo Sacramento - UFRJ - ENFPC XXXIX

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Precision of 2 × 10−12!


17 First observation of a spectral

line in the one antiatom


Our measument:

𝑓𝑑−𝑑 = 2,466,061,103,079.4 5.4 𝑘𝐻𝑧

The value calculated for H:

𝑓𝑑−𝑑 = 2,466,061,103,080.3 0.6 𝑘𝐻𝑧


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And the spectroscopy?Observation of the 1S–2P Lyman-α transition in antihydrogen

And what else?

Observation of the hyperfine spectrum

of antihydrogen

Nature, Vol 548, p 66 (2017)

doi:10.1038/nature23446


20 (2017) The first observation of microwave spectral lines

Conclusion and Perspectives

✓ First observation of the interaction of

laser radiation with a pure antimatter

system

✓ First observation of the spectral line in

anti hydrogen

✓ Improvements in trapping rate are

always beneficial for the experiment

✓ Increase the precision? How?


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Perspectives✓ For the final comparison between matter and antimatter,

we have to trap hydrogen in the same apparatus!

✓ This goal have been carry by the Brazilian group (CLC,

DMS and RLS): development of new technique for

loading neutral atoms (H) in magnetic trap (MISu

technique)

✓ Working towards install that in the ALPHA apparatus in 2019


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23Throw a few antihydrogen atoms in

free fall and see what happens

Installation already in progress at CERN

... preview of the first tests at the end

of this year

Soon…

g

We have to mix some antiprotons ( ҧ𝑝) with some positrons (𝑒+)


pbars positrons

mix region


24

Thank you!


25For more infos please check :

http://alpha.web.cern.ch/

Lost in life? Looking for Masters, PhDs or a PosDoc?

Please contact us!

Prof. Rodrigo L. Sacramento

[email protected]

Prof. Claudio Lenz Cesar

[email protected]

http://alpha.web.cern.ch/

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

On the spectrum of antihydrogen: characterization of the 1S ...enfpc/xxxix/images/slider/RLage...New apparatus was build in 2012 (ALPHA-2), now with optical access Challenging build