OMS840 1.2 Topic 01 Documentation Guide

Marconi Topic 1 03PHA00016AAD-CQACopyright- Refer to title page Page 1 Issue 01

THIS DOCUMENT IS UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

Table of Contents

Table of Contents..................................................................................... 1

Chapter 1: This Topic......................................................................3

1.1 Introduction ................................................................................. 3

Topic 1 - Documentation Guide (This Topic)....................................................... 3

Topic 2 - Safety.................................................................................................... 3

Topic 3 - Equipment Description.......................................................................... 3

Topic 4 - Installation Guide .................................................................................. 3

Topic 5 - Operating Procedures........................................................................... 4

Topic 6 - Maintenance and Fault Management ................................................... 4

Chapter 2: Servicing Policy and Return Of Equipment ...............5

Chapter 3: Ordering Documentation Copies ................................7

The Marconi Essential Safety Information Web Site ........................................... 7

Chapter 4: Workstation Safety Information ..................................9

4.1 General Environment .................................................................. 9

4.2 Operator Environment ................................................................ 9

4.3 User Interface Colour Scheme ................................................... 9

Optical Multi Service

OMS840

Topic 1: Documentation Guide

Release 1.2

OMS840 OMS840 Documentation GuideRelease 1.2 Contents


4.4 Rest Breaks.................................................................................. 9

Chapter 5: Glossary of Terms ......................................................11

Chapter 6: List of Abbreviations..................................................31

OMS840 OMS840 Documentation GuideRelease 1.2 This Topic


Chapter 1: This Topic

1.1 Introduction This book describes Marconi’s OMS840 add-drop multiplexer.

This book is made up of the six topics described below. All readers must read the Workstation Safety Information in Chapter 4: of this topic, and the Regulatory and Safety Information contained in Topic 2.

All readers of the book are assumed to be trained telecommunications engineers or support staff who have received adequate telecommunications training. All readers are also assumed to be reasonably proficient in the use of computers and to be familiar with common operating systems such as Windows.

Topic 1 - Documentation Guide (This Topic) This topic briefly describes the contents and target audience of the six topics that make up the OMS840 multiplexer manual. It also describes how to order further copies of the documentation.

This topic also contains information that applies to the product as a whole, including a glossary and list of abbreviations used throughout the book.

This topic is written for all readers.

Topic 2 - Safety This topic describes all regulatory and safety related information. All readers or users of the equipment must acquaint themselves with the safety issues.

This topic is also available as a stand-alone document (see Chapter 3:).

This topic is written for all users.

Topic 3 - Equipment Description This topic describes the hardware and software that comprise the OMS840.

This topic is written for all users of the equipment.

Topic 4 - Installation Guide This topic describes the initial Installation procedures of the OMS840 hardware or software at site.

The topic covers the front faces, LEDs and interfaces of the cards and LTUs that make up an NE.

OMS840 OMS840 Documentation GuideRelease 1.2 This Topic


It also:

• Contains basic information concerning the installation of racks and sub-racks of an NE

• Describes the powering-up of an NE

• Covers the installation on a PC of the LCT software that will be used in the commissioning process described in Topic 5.

This topic is written for installation staff. For software, it only covers installation of the LCT software onto the LCT PC.

Topic 5 - Operating Procedures This topic describes instructions required to operate the associated software.

This includes all software based commissioning as well as any provisioning procedures - that is, those procedures to create connections, cross-connections and suchlike.

This topic is written for network operators, installation and maintenance staff who need to perform procedural tasks.

Topic 6 - Maintenance and Fault Management This topic describes maintenance procedures, both routine and as-required maintenance.

It also lists the faults and alarms that you may encounter with the OMS840 and gives information on how to manage and rectify faults.

This topic is written for maintenance staff.

OMS840 OMS840 Documentation GuideRelease 1.2 Servicing Policy and Return Of Equipment


Chapter 2: Servicing Policy and Return of Equipment

Repairing individual units and cards in this equipment is not practical without factory facilities. It is, therefore, the policy of Marconi plc., to offer a service whereby faulty units or cards are returned to the company for repair.

To return equipment for repair, contact your sales representative.

WARNING! Equipment returned in sub-standard packaging will likely sustain further damage in transit, which will be your responsibility. To avoid incurring costs due to damage in transit, be sure to pack the items carefully and arrange appropriate transport for them. If you do not have the original packaging to return an item, make sure the returned items are packed securely and handled in an appropriate manner.

OMS840 OMS840 Documentation GuideRelease 1.2 Servicing Policy and Return Of Equipment


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OMS840 OMS840 Documentation GuideRelease 1.2 Ordering Documentation Copies


Chapter 3: Ordering Documentation Copies

To order further copies of this documentation, please contact your sales representative and follow the same order procedure as for any other OMS840 part.

Topic 2, Safety, contains essential safety instructions for the main equipment and is published on the Marconi Essential Safety Information Web Site as a standalone document.

The Marconi Essential Safety Information Web Site To access the Marconi Essential Safety Information Web Site, copy the following URL into your web browser: http://www.marconi.com/html/products/essentialsafetyinformation.htm

The account name and password for this site are both safety.

The latest copies of essential safety documents are free to download from this web site.

Consult the Marconi Essential Safety Information Web Site before starting any work on the equipment to make sure that the safety information you are working from is the latest.

Updates to safety information are published on the Marconi Essential Safety Information Web Site before inclusion in the technical manual.

OMS840 OMS840 Documentation GuideRelease 1.2 Ordering Documentation Copies


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OMS840 OMS840 Documentation GuideRelease 1.2 Workstation Safety Information


Chapter 4: Workstation Safety Information

4.1 General Environment The environment in which any workstation is operated may have an adverse affect on the efficiency, effectiveness and comfort of the operator. The following recommendations are therefore provided to ensure that the operator environment supports optimum operator performance.

4.2 Operator Environment The Operator environment should meet appropriate Health and Safety standards, with particular regard to the following:

• General operator environment (for example space, lighting, reflections/glare, noise, heat, radiation and humidity)

• Equipment (for example, display screen, keyboard, pointing device, work desk/surface, work chair)

• Daily work routine of operators

• Interface between operators and workstations

• Eyes and eyesight of operators

• Health and safety information, and training.

4.3 User Interface Colour Scheme Workstation user interface colour schemes have been selected to support correct identification by the majority of users. Colour schemes may not support all types and degrees of colour deficiency.

4.4 Rest Breaks Operators should take regular rest breaks.

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OMS840 OMS840 Documentation GuideRelease 1.2 Glossary of Terms


Chapter 5: Glossary of Terms

A

Access Network A system implemented between the Local Exchange(LE) and user, replacing part or whole of the local line distribution network

Acknowledge An action by an operator to confirm that an event or alarm condition has been noted. The alarm state then becomes Acknowledged

Acknowledged An alarm state applied to individual alarms from the Local Terminal (LCT) or EM (ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36)). Receive attention is applied to all other unserviced alarms as a secondary action

Add-Drop Multiplexer (ADMUX) -Transmission equipment through which a number of lower bit-rate channels may be passed in two directions, as a single higher bit-rate channel in each direction. Lower bit-rate channels may be added or removed through local traffic interfaces

Adjacency A relationship formed between selected neighbouring routers and end nodes to exchange routing information

Administration Functions that allow management of human and other resources

Administrative Unit The information structure that adapts between the higher-order path and the multiplex section layer. It consists of an information payload and a pointer that indicates the offset of the start of the payload frame relative to that of the multiplex frame

Administrative Unit Group One or more Administrative Units occupying fixed defined positions within an STM payload. An AUG consists of a homogeneous, byte-interleaved assembly of AU-3s or an AU-4

Alarm An audio/visual signal to an operator indicating the existence of an unsatisfactory condition, either within or detected by the equipment

Alarm Bit Image String of binary digits (bits), each bit representing the processed output from an individual fault detector. The identity of the originating fault detector is implied by the position of the bit in the string

Alarm Configuration The priority, inversion status and category of each possible fault as well as overall configuration

Alarm Control Interface Unit This is the NA name for the Alarm IO Unit

Alarm Destination The ultimate sink of alarm information. This can be the Element Manager, Local Terminal or an alarm log

Alarm Event This is an event raised on the system, and reported by it, following validation of a fault

Alarm Indication Signal An alarm signal transmitted in traffic, indicating that the source equipment has detected a fault in the transmitted traffic

Alarm Log An historical store showing changes of state of alarms together with a time stamp



Alarm Management These are functions of the system in which the detection, correction of network failures and real-time detection are managed such that threats to the normal operation of the network are avoided

Alarm Severity The category that defines the impact of an alarm on the network

Alarm Source The identity of the monitored entity with which the fault detector causing the alarm indication is associated. For example, STM-1 West, AU/VC-3 Number 2 West

Alarm State The defined state within the alarm life-cycle

Alarm Type The fault type detected by the fault detector that causes that alarm indication to be given

AP Title Part of the Communications Address

Archive This means to move to a long-term storage medium, rather than copy

Available/Unavailable Timing Sources

A nominated timing source is available for synchronisation when there are no failure criteria associated with it, and any wait-to-restore period has finished. Consequently, an unavailable source has either failed or is undergoing a wait-to-restore period. The term 'available' and 'unavailable' are used when timing marker operation is disabled

Available Time Any time not deemed Unavailable Time (UAT)

Authority and Format Identifier This is part of the Network Service Access Point address (see NSAP). AFI values are defined as X.213 for binary DSP syntax, and the following CCITT X.213 (ISO 8348) formats are supported: - X.121, this has a value of either 37 or 53 - ISO 3166, this has value of 39 - ISO 6253, this has value of 47

B

Bidirectional When used in the context of protection, the switching of traffic in both directions of transmission for the section or trail. Also known as double-ended

Binary Interleaved Parity (BIP) - An error monitoring code

Bit Error Rate The rate of received data bits in error

Block A set of consecutive bits associated with a path; each bit belongs to one block only (ITU-T Recommendation G.826)

Block Error A Block Error is counted whenever there are one or more BIP-n Errors detected in a BIP Check Block, a REI Count of one or more is detected, one or more CRC-n errors are detected in a CRC Check Block or a Frame word is detected as being in error

Broadcast Address A group address that by convention means ‘everyone’

Broadcast Trail A type of trail originating from a single source, which may be terminated at one or more trail sinks. Broadcast is achieved by fanning out from connection Termination Points, along the trail, which have the capability to support broadcast cross-connections. The return direction of a broadcast trail is blocked and unavailable for use

Bus Topology This is a network interconnection method in which all nodes are connected by a two-way bus. An arbitration process controls access to the bus. For example, Ethernet



C

Card Protection Group A group of protected cards

Category This is an attribute assigned by an operator to each possible fault. This attribute is used by the local alarm scheme to determine the visual indication to be given to the operator with respect to the type of maintenance action required. This attribute is also used to determine whether a particular fault is monitored by the entire alarm-processing scheme

Channel Associated Signalling (CAS) - Call control signalling transmitted within the bandwidth of the call it controls; also known as in-band signalling. In T1 transmission, channel associated signalling is performed by bit robbing. Each channel has its own dedicated signalling sub–channel

Channel Number Identifies a particular protected or protection section in a 1:N or M:N protection group

Circuit Metrics Circuit Metrics are the positive integral values associated with ‘links’. The ‘links’ may be Ethernet, DCCm or DCCr, in an SDH network, and their default values are: Ethernet = 10, DCCm = 15 and DCCr = 20. As any link has two ends there is a metric value associated with each end. Separate metrics are used for Level-1 and Level-2 routing

Clear This is a change of state, from Active to Inactive, of an alarm that has been serviced also The clearing of a protection switching command

Client/Server Defines the recursive dependency that exists between paths managed by the NCL. A section or trail may be referred to as a server. A server is able to support one or more client trails that are hierarchically dependent on that server

Code Violation An error that is counted whenever there are one or more BIP-n errors detected in a BIP

Commissioning This is the act of bringing a new multiplexer into a state where it is ready to be provisioned

Common Channel Signalling (CCS)

Out–of–band signalling protocol for signalling between processor equipped switches using signalling channels that are separate from the from the users voice (or data) channels

Concatenation A procedure whereby a number of virtual containers are associated, with the result that their combined capacity can be used as a single container across which the bit-sequence is maintained

Concatenation (Contiguous) Used to form a larger payload from the combining of consecutive, smaller payloads

Concatenation (Virtual) Used to form a larger payload from the combining of spatially separated smaller payloads

Connection This is a transport entity that is capable of transferring information between connection termination-points

Connectionless A service in which data is presented, complete with a destination address, and the network delivers it on a best effort basis, independent of other data being exchanged between the same pair of users



Connectionless Mode Network Service

The ISO term for the datagram network service layer

Connectionless Network Layer Service

This is a service layer that allows the transport of a quantum of information. It requires being set up by a signalling or administrative procedure

Connectionless Network Protocol Connectionless Network Protocol CLNP (ISO8473), has been evolved for packet data transfer in network architectures that have multiple distributed paths. Data transfers between nodes have transient relationships one to another, that only last for the transfer of any particular Protocol Data Unit (PDU)

Connection Orientated A service in which a connection set up procedure must be implemented before data can be exchanged between the same pair of users

Consecutive Degraded Seconds Thresholds

CDEG seconds are an SD mechanism that work in a similar manner to USE except that a separate degraded second threshold is used in place of the SES. A CDEG SD alarm is generated if the monitored block/BIP errors counts are in excess of the Degraded Second threshold for a duration greater than or equal to a user-configured On threshold. The alarm is cleared if the block/BIP errors are less than the Degraded Second threshold for a duration greater than or equal to a user-configured Off threshold

Container The information structure that forms the network-synchronous information payload for a virtual container

Control Bus A bus that connects the Multiplexer Controller to the traffic (line, tributary and switch) cards and the auxiliary card

Cross-connection This is a logical connection between two connection termination points on the same NE. Cross-connections may be fixed (as for some PDH multiplexers) or switchable (as in an SMA and/or C-MUX)

Consecutive Severely Errored Seconds

A series of consecutive seconds in available time in which the number of Block Errors or Code Errors exceeds the threshold for SES. During Performance Monitoring, Severely Errored Seconds are a ‘subset‘ of Errored Seconds, that is, ES is still incremented if the second is declared a SES

Cyclic Redundancy Check This is an error detection scheme in which this block check character is the remainder when certain mathematical functions have been performed on the transmitted data

D

Data Communications Channel This is a channel, within the section overhead, which is dedicated to data communications between NEs

Data Country Code This is the part of the NSAP address. Each country has a unique DCC

Datagram A self-contained entity of data carrying sufficient information to be routed from the source to the destination without reliance on earlier exchanges between the source and destination devices and/or the transporting network

De-commission The process by which you can reset the system parameters to a default, non-functional system state

Defect This is a condition, detected by an NE that indicates a fault. See further entries under Fault



Defect Detector A fault detector

Defect Signal See Fault Signal

Defect Source See Fault Source

Defect Type See Fault Type

DEG Performance A user configurable condition that may be generated when the number of consecutive Severely Errored Seconds (SES) for a particular Error Performance Monitored Entity exceeds a preset threshold. The DEG defaults are a half of SES default value used for USE

Disabled Alarm This is a traffic alarm, the source of which is a monitored entity that is not carrying traffic, or a card fault that has not been added to the equipment configuration

Disconnected A category that can be assigned to an alarm, which prevents that alarm raising indications on the end-of-shelf and rack alarm units

Domain Gateway Network Element

See Gateway NE

Domain ID This is part of the NSAP. This is used for routing within a complete network and effectively forms the address for a particular ring or sub-network

Domain Specific Part (DSP) - This is part of the NSAP and contains four addressing parts. See: High Order Domain Specific Part (HO-DSP), Domain ID, System ID and NSAP Selector

E

Element Manager This is the prime method of controlling an NE. It is a workstation that may communicate with, and control, all elements within a network

Element Manager Interface This is an interface (also known as ‘Q’ interface) provided by the communications card for the comms link between the equipment and the Element Manager

EM-OS LAN The LAN used to interconnect EM-OS to Gateway Elements

Enabled Alarm This is a traffic fault, the source of which is a monitored entity that is carrying traffic, or a card fault from a card that has been added to the multiplexer configuration

End of Shelf Display This is a module located at right hand end of the shelf, containing alarm indicators and the Receive Attention button

Engineer Order Wire A channel between NEs over which communication between maintenance staff is carried

Entity A logical partition, either of a traffic processing path or SMA hardware (STM-N, AU, HO Path, TU, LO Path, Port, Slot or Card)

Equipment Freerun This is a mode of equipment operation where all traffic ports are timed from the equipment clock synchronised from its internal freerun oscillator

Errored Block This is a block in which one or more bits are in error (ITU-T Recommendation G.826)

Error Free Second This is a one-second time period containing one or more blocks in which no bit errors occur

Errored Second This is any second in Available Time in which Block Errors (BEs) are detected



Errored Seconds Clear This defines a threshold for the ES count. In the particular Threshold Crossing Notification scheme where this is used, ES threshold crossing exception reporting is done only once until the ES count falls below this threshold in a 15 minute reporting period containing no UATs

Errored Second Count A cumulative count indicating the number of errored seconds in available time or a particular errored performance data reporting period

Errored Second Ratio The long term ratio of the number of errored seconds (in available time), to the total number of seconds in a measurement period

Ethernet A Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) LAN, developed by Xerox and standardised by Digital, Intel and Xerox

ES-IS Protocol As defined in ISO 9542, the protocol for handshaking between routers and end nodes and for mapping network layer addresses to data link layer addresses

External Network A source and sink of traffic not under the control of EM-OS

F

Fallback Mode Stand-alone operation due to absence or failure of the EM. In this mode, the LCT assumes the control of the NE

Fallback Working Mode One of two equipment working modes. It indicates that either the communications link between the equipment and the EM has failed, or the element manager has read-only access (EM_Control is disabled)

Far End Block Error The occurrence of errors (CVs) in a BIP Check Block signalled back to the remote end as a count (Higher Order Path) or as a single bit flag (Lower Order)

Far End Receive Fail An Indication sent over Multiplex Section, Higher Order and Lower Order Paths to indicate failure of the receive data

Fault This is a condition, detected by an NE, which indicates a fault

Fault Detector A circuit that detects either the occurrence or subsidence of a particular fault condition

Fault Event A condition, detected by a NE, which indicates a fault

Fault Signal The output of a fault detector

Fault Source That attribute of a fault that identifies the entity being monitored by a particular fault detector

Fault Type A specific condition that requires a unique type of fault detector to detect it, for example LOS, AIS, etc

Fibre Channel Synchronous Transport Module

F Interface This is a communications interface between an NE and its LCT or workstation

Fixed Window Processing Performance processing in which the aggregation period is of fixed length and starts at fixed times. Examples of these are the 15-minute and 24-hour performance records

Forced Switch to Protected The operator countermands the protection system instruction to switch to protection, thus reverting to protected

Forced Switch to Protection The operator countermands the protection system instruction to switch to protected, thus reverting to protection



G

Gateway The NE that provides a physical interface to the EM and thus can act as a path (communications gateway) routing messages between the EM and other NEs through the DCC interfaces

Gateway Network Element See Gateway

GigaBit Ethernet Synchronous Transport Module (1.25 Gbit/s)

H

Hello This identifies multiple simultaneous recipients of data. It is used when the elements of a network wish to identify all users in that network and maintain neighbour relationships

High Bandwidth (HB) Slot One of four Slide-In card Unit (SIU) slots available on an SMA-4, 16c or 16c+ sub-racks that can house 140Mbit/s, STM-1 or STM-4 traffic cards and also SONET/SDH Combiner cards. The HB slots do not have access to Line Termination Units (see also Normal Bandwidth (NB) Slot)

Higher Order This is a traffic path that provides transport for lower order paths; this relates to the VC-3/4 monitored entity

Holdover A timing mode in which an outgoing signal is maintained accurately at the frequency and phase of its designated timing source, after loss of that timing source

Hop The passage of a packet through one router

Hop count A routing metric used to measure the distance between a source and a destination

I

Importance The significance of a particular fault in relation to all others as perceived by an operator. This can be configured into the multiplexer and used to characterise the display of alarms to an operator

Incoming VC Monitoring Incoming VC Monitoring is the unobtrusive monitoring of BIP errors for a selected VC within and STM-n signal without termination

Initial Domain Identifier (IDI) - This is part of the network service access point address (see NSAP) and contains three addressing parts. - The Data Country Code: each country has a unique code. - The Network Digit is used to select a particular network routing within a country - National Number is allocated by the appropriate national authority

Initial Domain Part (IDP) - This is part of the NSAP and contains two addressing parts. See Authority, Format Identifier and Initial Domain Identifier

Initial Domain Indentifier This is part of the network service access point address (see NSAP) and contains three addressing parts. - The Data Country Code: each country has a unique code. - The Network Digit is used to select a particular network routing within a country - National Number is allocated by the appropriate national authority

Initial Domain Part This is part of the NSAP and contains two addressing parts. See Authority, Format Indentifier and Initial Domain Identifier



Initial System Parameters The basic equipment configurations (that is, multiplexing method, card and slot allocation, synchronisation modes and priorities) required by the Multiplexer Controller to enable it to set-up the working environment of the multiplexer

Inoperative One of two operation states of the Controller/Comms card. It indicates that the card does not have the initial system parameters configured

Inter-Domain Resilience Resilience between domains is achieved by providing and configuring more than one point of interconnection between the domains. First and second choice routes between IS-IS domains and ISRA domains are given the names Internal and External. All IS-IS boundary nodes should be internally interconnected with two Level-2 routes to reinforce Inter-Domain Resilience

In-Traffic One of two traffic states for traffic cards. It indicates that extraction of this card may result in a loss of this traffic

Inversion State The nominated state of a fault signal that is to be interpreted as a no fault condition. The nominated state can be either active or inactive, a fault only being raised upon a change to the complementary state

IS-IS Block An IS-IS Block is said to be formed when IS-IS boundary nodes of IS-IS composites are interconnected. The IS-IS Block prevents IS-IS protocols being exchanged over the link, while still allowing communication to take place between the IS-IS boundary nodes. The block is not essential but sometimes needed to enable IS-IS networks to be constructed. The block circumvents a limitation with IS-IS that only allows two RAPs to a single destination under complex situations. The block is introduced into the IS-IS network by marking the communication interface as ‘external’

IS-IS Boundary Node IS-IS boundary nodes define the entry and exit points of IS-IS centre nodes at Level-1/2 routing, and form the boundary between IS-IS areas, Interim Static Routing Algorithm elements and the ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) LAN

IS-IS Centre & Boundary Composite

Consists of a single IS-IS centre with one or more boundary nodes. If more than one boundary node is incorporated there must be a resilient Level-2 connection between every boundary node

IS-IS Centre Node or IS-IS Area A collection of IS-IS NEs that share the same area address

IS-IS Domain A collection of connected Areas. Routing domains provide full connectivity to all end systems within them

IS-IS Element Routing Intermediate System (IS) elements route inter-network information one to another using a dynamic routing protocol (ISO 10589). IS-IS element routing takes place when one IS element communicates with others, and each element creates routing tables within themselves containing information about the network topology these elements are interconnected into. Routing tables constructed in this manner are said to be dynamic

IS-IS Multiple Area Working IS-IS routing allows the use of multiple area addresses for any individual NE. Therefore NEs can have multiple NSAP addresses. Interconnected IS-IS elements each containing multiple NSAP addresses, and sharing at least one area address one to another, adopt or share all of the area addresses, forming a common set of areas



IS-IS Partition Repairs The IS-IS Partition Repair function allows Level-1 communication to be maintained following a Level-1 break, between two isolated islands of the same area. This Level-1 communication repair uses a ‘Virtual’ Level-1 path, which is actually between Level-2 elements. A Level-2 path must however be made available between the isolated islands

IS-IS Routing Domain When IS-IS centre nodes are directly interconnected, they form an IS-IS Routing Domain. IS-IS protocols are exchanged within an IS-IS routing domain

IS-IS Routing Metrics IS-IS uses the concept of assigning a positive integral numerical value to every circuit, link or path. These numerical metric values are added to determine the ‘cost’ of an overall route. Only one metric type (default metric) is supported by Marconi SONET/SDH products. Routes are selected on a lowest overall ‘cost’ basis

IS-IS Routing Protocol The ISO standard intra-domain routing protocol, documented in ISO 10589

L

Lamp-lock When this is active, if a transient alarm arises the associated warning LED is locked on - even after the alarm subsides so that an operator is made aware that the alarm has arisen

LAN Bridge This is used to interconnect two geographically distant LANs

Level 1 Routing IS-IS routing within an area

Level 1 Routing Table A Level-1 Routing Table contains all the system IDs of the IS-IS NEs that share the same area, plus topological information of the readability of these NEs

Level 2 Routing IS-IS routing between areas

Level 2 Routing Table A Level-2 Routing Table contains all area addresses and address prefixes that can be reached from that NE. A Level-2 Routing Table also contains information of all routes over which areas/prefixes can be reached, plus these routes cost or metric

Linear Mode Synchronous Transport Module (2.5 Gbit/s)

Link Access Protocol Level-D This is the standard link layer protocol that defines the transmission and reception of information frames, the detection of errors and their correction by retransmission

Link Connection A logical connection between connection termination points on two different NEs

Link State Package LSP - A packet that is generated by a router operating a link state routing protocol (e.g. ISO 10589) listing the routers neighbours

Local Alarm Indication State of rack alarm buses coupled with visual display provided by LEDs on end-of-shelf unit and cards

Local Alarm Scheme The hardware used to indicate local alarms. This includes end of shelf indicators and on-card fail indicators

Local Alarm Status Indicates what local alarm scheme actions have been performed on a specific alarm



Local Area Network LAN - usually a shared medium with broadcast capability providing logical full connectivity, typically over a limited geographical area (refer to the installation chapters of this manual). This is used as the means of providing the NE links to the ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) and generally the preferred ‘metric’ choice for communications routing

Local Craft Terminal Interface An interface provided by the Multiplex Controller for the communications link between the equipment and the Local Terminal (LCT)

Local Craft Terminal Subsystem LCT integrated into an element manager. Also known as ported LCT

Local Exchange (LE) An exchange on which user lines are terminated by an AN

Locked An operator-controlled administrative state indicating that a resource is being used; that is, carrying traffic and, therefore, is not to be amended

Loop Timing A mode in which the multiplexer uses the recovered line timing from a given direction to time the outgoing signal in the same direction

Loss-of-Frame An alarm condition indicating loss of alignment of the data received

Loss-of-Signal An alarm condition indicating a detected loss of an incoming line signal

Lower Order SONET/SDH traffic-path that cannot be further sub-divided. Pertaining to the VC-1/2 monitored entity

M

Manager ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) workstation, but connected to a ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) LAN

Mapping Distribution of data from one multiplexing frame structure into defined positions in another frame of the same rate

Man-Machine Interface The mechanism by which an operator may communicate with one or more NEs

Manual Adjacency (MA) A method of interworking between an IS-IS domain and an ISRA domain, where the ISRA domain nodes share the same area address as the IS-IS border node the manual adjacency originates from. A manual adjacency is therefore a Level-1 static route

Maximum Transmission Unit MTU - the largest packet size that can be transmitted between source and destination

Medium Access Control MAC - a sub-layer of the data link layer, defined by the IEEE 802 committee, that deals with issues specific to a particular type of LAN. The identity of the Marconi ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) product within a network will have a designated ‘MAC’ address, as its link with the network will always be through an Ethernet LAN

Message Passing Bus This is a bus that connects the Comms/Controller Card to the communications card. It is used for all communications between these two cards

Metric A measure, as in ‘Routing Metric’, where the measure (for example, reliability, delay, bandwidth, load, hop count) is used by a routing algorithm to determine whether one route is better than another



Monitored Entity (ME) - An entity within the Multiplexer with which faults can be associated. The identifiable entities are: slot card, port, STM-N, AU-3/4, VC-3/4, TU-1/2 or VC-1/2

Multicast To poll or transmit common information to a known group of recipients, usually with a single message transmission. Sometimes referred to as ‘Hello’ messages

Multiplex Section A multiplex section is the part of a line system between two multiplex section terminations

Multiplex Section Overhead The multiplex section overhead comprises Rows 5 to 9 of the overhead of the STM-n signal

N

National Number This is the part of the NSAP address and is allocated by the appropriate national authority

Negative Pointer Justification Event

A Negative Pointer Justification Event is defined when the frame rate of the VC is too fast with respect to the associated AU/TU requiring an extra data byte to be transmitted and the pointer values decremented

Network Digit This is the part of the NSAP address and is used to select a particular network routing within a country

Network Directory Compiler Tables

NDC tables provide ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) with the correct gateway selection information, when routing data to any particular NE

Network Element (NE) A multiplexer, line system terminal, regenerator, or any equipment that switches, multiplexes or regenerates traffic

Network Management Interface An interface between a NE or gateway NE and the EM or LCT

Network Node (or Node) This is an external network (managed or unmanaged) or an NE

Network Service Access Point NSAP - the ISO term for the quantity that specifies a client of a network layer running at a particular node

Node-to-node Link The ability to insert a communications link between two existing nodes without affecting current network routing

Nominated Source A timing source selected by the operator for synchronisation by inclusion in a priority table for a particular timing sink

Non-worker This is a card that is in ‘Standby’ mode (that is, not carrying traffic) in a protected arrangement

Normal Bandwidth (NB) Slot One of eight Slide-In card Unit (SIU) slots available on SMA-4, 16c or 16c+ sub-racks that can house 1.5/2Mbit/s, 34Mbit/s, 44Mbit/s, 140Mbit/s and STM-1 traffic cards and also SONET/SDH Combiner or VC-AM cards. The NB slots have access to line termination units (see also High Bandwidth (HB) slot)

Normal Working Mode This is one of two equipment working modes. It indicates that communications link between the equipment and the EM has been established and the EM has read/write access (that is, EM_Control is enabled)

Not-in-Traffic This is one of two traffic states for traffic cards. It indicates that extraction of this card will not result in a loss of traffic

NSAP Selector This is part of the NSAP. It determines what is interfaced to the network layer - for example, Application Program. Transport Layer or variant class of transport service



O

Off line This is one of two control states of the Controller/Comms Card. It applies to PMAs and SMA-n NEs. It indicates that the Controller/Comms Card recognises the SMC card on the new shelf. In this state, communication between the Controller/Comms Card and the traffic cards over the control bus is disabled. However, communications between the Controller/Comms Card and the Comms cards is enabled. Thus communication between the EM/LCT and MC is always enabled

On-Card Fault LED A LED on a particular card that is lit, either autonomously or under control of the Controller/Comms Card, to indicate that the card is detecting a fault condition. It is not necessarily an indication that the card itself is faulty

On-line This is one of two control states of the Controller/Comms Card. It indicates that the Controller/Comms Card recognises the SMC as belonging to the Shelf. Communication between the Controller/Comms Card, and traffic cards is enabled

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) - The OSI model provides the basis for connecting ‘open’ systems for distributed applications processing, where the term ‘open’ denotes the ability of any two systems conforming to the reference model and the associated standards to connect

Operative This is one of two operation states of the Controller/Comms Card. It indicates that the Controller/Comms Card has the initial system parameters configured

Operator The user of an EM or LCT

Overhead Buses Buses between the various SMA-n cards carrying overhead (STM-n and some HO VC overhead) information in a proprietary frame at a data rate of 6.48Mbit/s

P

Parked The state of an alarm in which it will cause no indication (other than receive attention or acknowledged) to be given on the end of shelf and rack alarm buses

Path This is an end-to-end connection at a specific bit rate. This is an alternative name for a trail

Path Overhead This provides for integrity of communication between the point of assembly of a virtual container and that of its disassembly

Path Trace A mechanism provided for the purpose of confirming that an SONET/SDH trail is provisioned between desired end-points. The NEs at each end of the trail inject and monitor an operator-provided byte sequence into the path overhead

Perceived Severity This is an information fault type attribute indicating the seriousness of a fault as perceived by an operator

Performance Primitive A particular aspect of the system performance monitored by the equipment, used as the basic data for the generation of performance parameters and data reports

Performance Record This is a stored performance data report pertaining to a performance data-reporting period that has expired

Ping Packet Internet Groper, an echo message and its reply, used to test the reachability of a network device



Ping Techniques Ping Techniques use the principle of sending and receiving test messages to determine routing paths, and the response to test messages by interconnecting and target nodes

Pointer (SONET/SDH) Provides the offset of the start of the SONET/SDH traffic signal from the start of the frame

Point-to-point A connection, usually a trail, with exactly two ends (as opposed to a point-to-multi-point connection, which may have three or more ends, for example, multi-drop or broadcast)

Port This is a physical connection point on a network node for either traffic or management sections

Positive Pointer Justification Event

A positive pointer justification event is defined when the frame rate of the VC is too slow with respect to the associated AU/TU requiring a data byte to be omitted and the pointer values incremented

Presentation Service Access point

(PSAP) - An addressable point at which the presentation services (sixth layer of the OSI model) is made available

Primary Multiplexer An element (SMA, SLT, C-Multiplexer) in which traffic is multiplexed/demultiplexed up to 2Mbit/s

Priority A numeric value reflecting the importance attached to a fault. Can be in the range 1 (highest) to 255 (lowest)

Probable Cause This is a term used by ITU-T to describe a possible explanation for the raising of a particular alarm. This is analogous to ’fault type’ as described in this document

Protected Section This is a traffic section, configured between ports within the same protection group on two network nodes, for carrying traffic under non-failure conditions

Protection Card This is a card that provides an alternative path to the worker under fail or forced switch conditions

Protection Group This is a number of ports on a network node, one or more of which is designated as a protection port. Possible protection group types are: 1+1 and 1:N

Protection Group Channel This is a unique identity assigned to a port within a protection group. A network node may have zero or more dependent protection groups defined, depending on the capability of the network node

Protection Section This is a traffic section, configured between ports within the same protection group, specifically for the purpose of carrying the traffic on failure of a protected section

Pseudo Tandem Connection Monitoring

Tandem Connection monitoring represents a relatively new requirement and the multiplexer is required to interwork with equipment that is incapable of supporting such a feature. To this end, pseudo TCM has been devised which consists of enhanced alarm and performance monitoring from the VCPOM function, which is re-mapped to appear at the outgoing interface (a nominated subnetwork boundary). Effectively, path alarms and performance are monitored for each path entering a subnetwork and also monitored for each path that exits the network. Thus by correlating the results from each end, the Network Manager can determine whether the traffic defect/degradation may have occurred within the current operator's network or the one before it



Q

Q-interface The interface between the gateway NE and the EM. Only available at the gateway NE

Qecc Interface The data communications interface that uses the embedded data communications channels within the STM-1 section overhead

Q3 Objects Network Managers (such as MV38) maintain a software model of the network and its equipment. The model is an abstract representation of the network and its equipment. The architecture of the model may not be, and often is not, the same as the architecture of the real equipment.

Q3 is a standardised way, used in Network Managers, of modelling telecommunications networks and equipment. Q3 objects are the elements making up this model. The objects are considered to perform certain standard telecommunications functions - adaptation, termination and connection - and have attributes associated with these functions.

The Network Management software can manipulate these attributes, setting and getting their values, and performing other predetermined complex actions on them. To manage the equipment itself, the Network Manager issues instructions to the equipment in terms of set, get and actions on these Q3 objects. The equipment itself has to relate the values to be set or read to the registers in its hardware that relate to the attributes defined in the model. Each alarm is associated with a specific Q3 object in the Network Manager’s model

R

RAP Metrics Reachable Address Prefix Metrics, is the metric associated with the Level-2 Static Data that, in mixed ISRA/IS-IS routed networks, would normally be produced by the RTC. The metrics are associated with a route, as opposed to a link. The metric types are referred to as ‘Internal’ and ‘External’, which are terms relating to the associated IS-IS domain

Reachable Address Prefix (RAP) A method of interworking between an IS-IS domain and an ISRA domain, where the ISRA domain nodes have different area addresses from the IS-IS domain and border node. A Reachable Address Prefix is therefore a Level-2 static route

Real Working Mode This is one of two equipment working modes. It indicates that a communications link between the equipment and the EM has been established and the EM has read/write access (that is, EM_Control is enabled)

Re-provisioning Altering the configuration of a multiplexer to accommodate different or new traffic

Receive Attention This is an alarm state, invoked by pressing a button on the end-of-shelf unit, applied to all currently unserviced alarms

Regenerator Section A regenerator section is the part of a line system between two Regenerator Section Terminations (RST)

Regenerator Section Overhead The Regenerator Section overhead comprises Rows 1 to 3 of the section overhead of the STM-n signal

Remote Defect Indication This term replaces ‘FERF’ in later versions of ITU-T recommendations



Remote Error Indication This term replaces ‘FEBE’ in later versions of ITU-T recommendations

Re-provisioning This is altering the configuration of an NE to accommodate new traffic

Ringmaster One multiplexer providing synchronisation for a number of multiplexers connected together to form a ring

Ring Topology This is a network interconnection method in which nodes are connected on a ring. Communication is usually in one direction around the ring

Route One or more traffic-sections between the same two NEs or sub-networks. The constituent sections may or may not take the same geographical path

Routing Junction Any node (PMA/SMA/SLA) connected to a LAN or that has more than two DDC connections. Has a routing table

S

Section A single connection between two NEs that supports a client link connection. It can be a traffic section, or a management section (the latter may possibly be a digital user-loop section). It can be used to build a trail

Section Overhead This contains information added to the information payload to create an STM-N, and comprises Rows 1 to 3, Columns 1 to 9xn, and Rows 5 to 9, Columns 1 to 9xn, of the STM-N signal. It is used for checking traffic integrity and to provide the data comms channels

Security These are functions that manage the protection of network resources from unauthorised access through the management system, and also secure data integrity within the NMS

Serial Event Hand off Facility A facility to monitor the logged asynchronous alarm data available at the serial interface port of an EM work station

Service Access Point SAP - the address of a user of a service, a field that further defines an address (hence ‘NSAP’)

Serviced Referring to an alarm in either the receive attention or acknowledged state

ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) LAN

The LAN used to interconnect ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) to gateway elements

Severity The significance of a particular fault in relation to all others as perceived by an operator. This can be configured into the NE and used to characterise the display of alarms to an operator

Severely Errored Second Any second in available time in which the number of block errors or code errors exceeds the threshold for SES. During performance monitoring, Severely Errored Seconds are a ‘subset‘ of errored seconds; that is, ES is still incremented even if the second is declared a SES

Severely Errored Second Count A cumulative count indicating the number of seconds of available time in a particular performance data reporting period that were deemed to be Severely Errored

Severely Errored Second Ratio The long term ratio of a number of Severely Errored Seconds of available time in a measurement period



Severely Errored Second Threshold

The presettable threshold for the number of Block Errors recorded in a second that will lead to the second being declared a Severely Errored Second and the SESC incremented

Shelf Alarm Status A summary of the states of all the alarm sources in the multiplexer, suitable for display on the end of shelf display and rack alarm units

Shelf Display Unit Module located at the right-hand end of the shelf containing alarm indicators and the Receive Attention button

Shelf Local Alarm Interface The interface through which access may be gained to the shelf and rack alarm buses

Shelf Local Alarm Output These are outputs available for driving external alarm indicator circuitry

Signal Degraded on Protected This is the protection state of traffic path signals related to the protected path

Signal Degraded on Protection This is the protection state of traffic path signals related to the protection path

Signal Fail on Protected This is the protection state of traffic path signals related to the protected path

Sink A synchronisation sink is a selectable timing output used to synchronise a traffic carrying port or dedicated timing port leaving the equipment. Sink selectors are found on the switch card

SLA/SR Chain <DR> No Routing Tables required in the NE. Communications go straight across the NE. Responds to ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) as ‘directed response’

Sliding Window Processing This is performance processing in which the aggregation period is of fixed length but can start at any time. Examples of these are the SUE and TUE window processing

SMA Chain Domain No Routing Tables required in the NE. Communication goes straight across the NE. Responds to ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) down Line East

SONET Synchronous Optical Network

Source A synchronisation source is a timing input, from a traffic-carrying port or dedicated timing port entering the equipment, which may be used for synchronisation

Special Domain A number of SDH elements all directly connected to an embedded LAN, with no other data node interconnection, may be multiple elements in each domain. Requires a routing table for each element

Standby Section This is a section, either a protected or a protection section, that is currently not carrying traffic

Star Topology This is a network interconnection method consisting of a single hub-node, with various terminal-nodes connected to the hub

Start of Unavailability Event Count

A count kept of the number of SUEs in a particular period

Sub-network This is an operator aid to navigation, particularly of large networks, by dividing the network into manageable parts. A sub-network can contain NEs, grouped together by an operator for operational reasons, external networks, and other sub-networks. This is not to be confused with the use of routing domains in the data communications network



Subside Change of state from active to inactive of an alarm that is unserviced

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Set of digital transport structures, standardised for the transport of suitably adapted payloads over physical transmission networks

Synchronous Multiplexer Add/Drop

(SMA) Transmission equipment through which a number of lower-bit rate channels may be passed in two directions, as a single higher bit-rate channel in each direction. Lower bit-rate channels may be added or removed through local traffic interfaces

Synchronisation Supply Unit (SSU)

A Synchronisation Supply Unit (SSU) is a function for timing reference selection, processing and distribution. As a separate product the SSU function is called a Stand-Alone Synchronisation Equipment (SASE)

Synchronous Transport Module This is the information structure used to support section-layer connections in the synchronous digital hierarchy. It comprises the information payload and the section overhead information

System ID This is part of the NSAP. It is sometimes referred to as System Identification, the LAN address or element ID and is effectively the unique address of an NE

T

Tandem Connection Monitoring SDH has inherent monitoring of the VC trail to determine failures or degradations in transporting a payload across the SDH domain. Where such a trail crosses different operators' networks, this information is only of interest to the operator whose equipment is affected. Hence each operator only requires that the VC trail is monitored across the portion of the SDH network that is their reponsibility. To this end a sub-trail is embedded within the VC POH termed a Tandem Connection which provides such a facility. See also Pseudo Tandem Connection Monitoring.

An operator can check data relating to a trail through the equipment by using TCM (Tandem Connection Monitoring). This is achieved by using overhead information in the N1/N2 bytes VC (OH) using a Tandem Connection Monitor between source and sink

Termination of Unavailability Event

An event that occurs when the threshold for consecutive non-SES is reached

Through Timing A timing mode in which the line timing is passed through a multiplexer from west to east and /or east to west

Time slot A 64kbit/s channel within a framed 2Mbit/s signal (ITU-T Recommendation G.704)

Time slot number This identifies a 64kbit/s time slot within the 2048kbit/s V5.1 interface (ref. ETS 300 167 [2])

Timing Bus 1 A means of identifying a tributary slot and port for use as a possible synchronisation source

Timing marker (SSMB) This is a field within the S1 byte of the Section Overhead for STM-N and in the TS0 for 1.544/2.048Mbit/s PDH Signals. The information it contains indicates the "quality" of the synchronisation source of the signal in which it is contained

Topology This is a network interconnection configuration that remains invariant, irrespective of configuration changes to NEs, trails, etc. There are three generic forms of network interconnection topology: star, ring, and bus



Traffic Cards Those cards occupying the line, switch and tributary card slots

Trail An end-to-end path of a specified type across a network and made up of one or more link connections connected together by cross-connections

Tributary Unit This is an information structure that adapts between the lower-order path-layer and the higher-order path-layer

Tributary Unit Group One or more tributary units occupying fixed positions within a higher-order virtual container payload

Turnaround A timing mode in which the line timing of the output is derived from that of the received line in a NE

U

Unacceptable Short-term Errors A event occurring when the number (‘n’) of consecutive SES for a particular error performance monitored entity exceeds a preset threshold.

Unacceptable Short-term Errors are an SD mechanism linked to performance data recording and they make use of the same SES thresholds. A USE alarm is generated if the monitored block/BIP error counts exceed the SES threshold for a duration greater than or equal to a user-configured On threshold. The alarm is cleared if block/BIP errors are less than the SES threshold for a duration greater than or equal to a user-configured Off threshold.

USE in effect does not represent a Signal Degrade in its strictest sense and effectively corresponds to Unavailable time

Unavailable Seconds Count A cumulative count indicating the number of seconds of a particular performance data reporting period during which the entity being monitored was deemed unavailable

UnAvailable Time A period starting at the beginning of the first second of a period of SES that exceeds the SUE threshold and ending at the beginning of the first second of a period of non-SES, which exceeds the TUE threshold

Unidirectional When used in the context of protection, this is the switching of traffic in one direction of transmission for the section or trail. Also known as single-ended

Unlocked This is an operator-controlled administrative state indicating that a resource is not being used; that is, not carrying traffic and, therefore, can be amended

Unserviced State of a new alarm before it is subject to receive attention, or is acknowledged

V

V4 Byte A byte in the TU-12 and TU2 multiframe structure used internally by the SMA-n for equipment monitoring of the traffic data paths through the switch card

Validated Faults These are fault signals that have been validated by alarm inversion and have not been forced to inactive either by an operator or by the multiplexer

VCAM Dummy Connected to a routing Junction and Multiple VC-TM to support complex VC-TM topologies where dual parenting off elements in different domains is necessary, and each VCAM supports multiple VC-TM



VC-TM Domain Used when VC-TMs are interconnected between Routing Junctions

Virtual Container This is an information structure used to support the path-layer connections in the synchronous digital hierarchy

Virtual State A description of the NE as set up in the EM but communications with real NE have not been established

W

Watchdog This is circuitry that monitors for correct operation of the operating software

Windows A graphical user interface implemented on Microsoft MS-DOS

Worker Card This is a card that is carrying data in a protected arrangement

Worker Section A section, either a protected or protection section, which is currently carrying traffic



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OMS840 OMS840 Documentation GuideRelease 1.2 List of Abbreviations


Chapter 6: List of Abbreviations

A

ACIU Alarm Control Interface Unit

ACO Alarm Cut-Off

ACSE Association Control Service Element

ADC Auxiliary Data Channel

ADM/ADMX Add-Drop Multiplexer

AE Application Entity

AFI Authority and Format Identifier

AID Access Identifier

AIDDET AID Supplement

AIS Alarm Indication Signal

ALM Alarm

ALS Automatic Laser Shutdown

Amp Amplifier

ANSI American National Standards Institute

AOZ Alternate Ones and Zeros [101010...]

AP Application Process

APS Automatic Protection Switch

ASE Association Service Element

ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit

ATTN Attention

AU Administrative Unit

AUI Access Unit Interface

Aux Auxiliary

B

BCD Binary Coded Decimal

BDI Backward Defect Indicator

BE Block Error

BE Max Count Maximum Block Errors Primitive Count

BER Bit Error Rate

BIP Bit Interleaved Parity

BQI Backward Quality Indicator

BSHR Bidirectional Self Healing Ring

BSI British Standards Institute



Bw7R Balweiser No 7R Alarm Scheme

C

CAS Channel associated signalling in TS16

CC Communications Card

CCITT ( now ITU-T ) Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee)

CCON Consecutive Congestion

CCS Common Channel Signalling

CCTTI Constantly Changing Trail Trace Identifier

CCU Channel Control Unit

CDEG Consecutive Degraded Seconds

CDR Clock and Data Receiver

CDRH Centre for Device and Radiological Health

Cfg Configure

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CIR Committed Information Rate

Clk Clock

CLNP Connectionless Network Protocol

CLNS Connectionless Network Layer Service

CMI Coded Mark Inversion

CMIP Common Management Information Protocol

CMISE Common Management Information Service Element

Comms Communications

CONS Connection Oriented Network Layer Service

COS Client Output Suppression

CPG Card Protection Group

CR Critical

CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

CSAT Consecutive Saturation

CSES Consecutive Severely Errored Seconds

CT Configuration Timer

CTP Connection Termination Point

CUAS Cumulative Unavailable Seconds

CV Code Violation

D

DCC Data Communications Channel

DCCm Data Communication Channel (Multiplexer)

DCCr Data Communication Channel (Regenerator)

DCN Data Communication Network



DCU Dispersion Compensation Unit

DDF Digital Distribution Frame

DEG Degrade

DFB Distributed Feedback

DGNE Domain Gateway Network Element

DIRN Direction

DNIC Data Network Identification Code

DNU Do Not Use

DRA Data Rate Adapter (ASIC)

DRISIS Designated Router IS-IS

DSP Domain Specific Part

DTE Data Terminal Equipment

DTMX Dual Terminal Multiplexer

DU Display Unit

DWDM Dense Wave Division Multiplexing

DXC Digital Cross-Connect

E

EBER Excessive Bit Error Rate

ECC Embedded Communications Channel

EDFA Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier

EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

EFS Error Free Second

EHS Event Handling Subsystem

EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture

EM Element Manager

EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility

EML Element Management Layer

EM-OS Element Manager Operation System

EMS Element Management System

EOS End Of Shelf

EOW Engineering Order Wire

EPEM Ethernet Port Extension Module

EPL Ethernet Private Line

EPPJES Excessive Positive Pointer Justification Event Seconds

ENPJES Excessive Negative Pointer Justification Event Seconds

EPROM Electrical Programmable Read Only Memory

EQP Equipment

ES Errored Seconds



ESC Errored Second Count

ESD Electrostatic Discharge

ESSD Electrostatic Sensitive Device

ESP Electrostatic Protection

ETS-100 PacketSpan 10/100Mbit/s Ethernet Expansion Module

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute

F

FAS Frame Alignment Signal

FAW Frame Alignment Word

FC/APC Face Contact with Angled Point Contact [a type of fibre-optic connector]

FC/PC Face Contact with Point Contact [a type of fibre-optic connector]

FCS Frame Check Sequence

FDI Forward Defect Indication

FEBE Far End Bit Error

FERF Far End Receive Failure

FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array

FTAM File Transfer and Access Management

G

GDC Generic Digital Client

GFP Generic Framing Procedure

GHz Gigahertz

GID Group Identity/Identifier

GNE Gateway Network Element

GUI Graphical User Interface

H

HB High Bandwidth

HCI Human to Computer Interface

HDLC High-level Data Link Control

HMI Human to Machine Interface

HDB3 High Density Bipolar 3

HO High Order

HO-DSP High Order - Domain Specific Part

HOTC High Order Tandem Connection

HOVC High Order Virtual Container

HPOM Higher order Path Overhead Monitor

HPT Higher Order Path Termination

HTCT Higher Order Tandem Connection Termination



I

Id or ID Identifier

IDI Initial Domain Identifier

IDP Initial Domain Part

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

I/F Interface

I/O Input/Output

IP Internet Protocol

IPS Integrated Planning System

IS Intermediate System

ISD IS-IS Static Data

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network

ISE Intermediate Station Equipment, alternative term for SLR

ISO International Standards Organisation

ISRA Interim Static Routing Algorithm

ITU-TS International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunications Sector (formerly CCITT)

L

LAN Local Area Network

LAPD Link Access Protocol D

LBO Line Build Out

LC Link Connection

LCAS Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme

LCN Local Communications Network

LCT Local (Craft) Terminal

LCTS Local Craft Terminal Subsystem

LCX Liquid Crystal Switch

LED Light Emitting Diode

LO Low Order

LoC Loss of Continuity

LoF Loss of Frame

LoP Loss of Pointer

LOPP Lower Order Path Processor

LoS Loss of Signal

LOTC Low Order Tandem Connection

LOTCT Lower Order Tandem Connection Termination

LOVC Low Order Virtual Container

LPOM Lower order Path Overhead Monitor



LPT Lower Order Path Termination

LSAP Link Service Access Protocol

LSP Logical Service Port or for Ethernet, Link State Packet

LT or LCT Local (Craft) Terminal

LTCT Low Order Tandem Connection Termination

LTE or LTU Line Termination Equipment (Unit)

M

m Metre

MAC Media Access Control

MAU Media Access Unit

Mbit Mega-bit

MCC Management Communications Card

MCF Message Communication Function

MCU Management Communications Unit

ME Monitored Entity

MIB Management Information Base

MJ Major

MMI Man to machine Interface

MN Minor

MO Managed Object

MOFTE Multiplexer/Optical Fibre Terminating Equipment

MPI Message Passing Interface

MS Multiplex Section

MSOH Multiplex Section Overhead

MSP Multiplex Section Protection

MS-RDI Multiplex Section RDI

MS-SPRING Multiplex Section Shared Protection Ring

MST Multiplex Section Termination

MT Management Terminal

MTBF Mean Time Between Failures

Mux Multiplexer

MV36 ServiceOn Optical Element Manager

N

NA Not Alarmed

NACC Network Administration Computer Centre

NB Narrow bandwidth

NCL Network Control Layer

NE Network Element



NEC Network Element Controller

NM Network Management (or Manager)

NMC Network Management Centre

NMI Network Management Interface

NMS Network Management System

NPDU Network Protocol Data Unit

NPJE Negative Pointer Justification Event

NRZ Non-Return to Zero

NRZI Non-Return to Zero Inverted

NSA Non-Service Affecting

NSAP Network Service Access Point

NSDU Network Service Data Unit

NTFNCDE Notification Code

NTU Network Terminating Unit

NUA Network User Address

NURG Non-Urgent

NVM Non-Volatile Memory

O

OC Optical Carrier

OCh-OH Optical Channel Overhead (Path Overhead)

ODF Optical Distribution Frame

ODI Outgoing Defect Indication

OFTE Optical Fibre Terminating Equipment

OH/POH Overhead/Path Overhead

OLTE Optical Line Terminating Equipment (alternative term for SLT)

OLTU Optical Line Transmission Unit

OMS840 Optical Multi-service Series 16 multiplexer

OMS Optical Multiplex Section

OMU Optical Multiplex Unit

ON Optical Network

OOR Out Of Range

OOS Out Of Service

OPI Optical Physical Interface

OS Operation System - such as EM-OS or MV38

OSC Optical Supervisory Channel

OSI Open Systems Interconnection

OSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio

OTRU Optical Transmit/Receive Unit



OTU Optical Transport Unit

OTS Optical Transmission Section

P

PC Personal Computer (IBM compatible)

PC Probable Cause

PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PDU Protocol Data Unit

PING Packet Internet Groper

PIR Peak Information Rate

PJE Pointer Justification Event

PLL Phase Locked Loop

PLP Packet Layer Protocol

PM Process Manager

PMA Photonics Multiplexer Add/Drop

PMA-CL Photonics Multiplexer Add/drop - Channel Levelling

PMA-LA Photonics Multiplexer Add/drop - Line Amplifier

POH Path Overhead

POM Path Overhead Monitor

PPJE Positive Pointer Justification Event

p-p peak-to-peak

ppm Parts per million

PRC Primary Reference Clock

PRAI Path Remote Alarm Indication

PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence

PRC Primary Reference Clock

pSOH Pseudo Section Overhead

pSTM Pseudo Synchronous Transport Module

PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network

PSU Power Supply Unit

PTI Payload Type Identifier

Q

Q Interface Interface designation for network management, often Ql, Q2 or Q3

Qecc Interface designation for Embedded Data Comms Channel

R

RAI Remote Alarm Indication

RAM Random Access Memory

RAP Reachable Address Prefix

RAU Rack Alarm Unit



REC Receive

RCV Receive

RDI Remote Defect Indication

REI Remote Error Indication

RM Resource Management

RS Regenerator Section

RSOH Regenerator Section Overhead

RS(T) Regenerator Section (Termination)

RT Redirection Timer

RTU Remote Terminal Unit

Rx Receive

S

SA Service Affecting

SAIS Section AIS

SASE Stand Alone Synchronisation Equipment

SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

SCCM Second Command Code Modifier

SD Signal Degrade

SDM Switch Diagnostic Message

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SELV Safe Extra-Low Voltage

SEM System Error Monitor

SEMF Synchronous Equipment Management Function

SEP Severely Errored Period

SES Severely Errored Seconds

SESC Severely Errored Seconds Count

SESR Severely Errored Seconds Ratio

SEST Severely Errored Seconds Threshold

SETG Synchronous Equipment Timing Generator

SFP Small Form-factor Pluggable

SFW Single Fibre Working

SID System Identity

SISA Supervisory & Information System for Local & Remote Areas

SIU Slide-In Unit

SL Synchronous Line Apparatus (also used to refer to a Synchronous Line System)

SLA Service Level Agreement

SLR Synchronous Line Regenerator

SLT Synchronous Line Terminal



SMA Synchronous Multiplexer - Add/Drop

SMC System Memory Card

SNC Subnetwork Connection

SNCP Sub Network Connection Protection (see also UPSR which is another term for the same thing)

SNP Sequence Number Protection

SNPA Subnetwork Point of Attachment

SOA ServiceOn Access

SOE Sequence of Events

SOH Section Overhead

SONET Synchronous Optical Network

SPI SDH Physical Interface

SQM Signal Quality Monitor

SRV EFF Service Effect

SSE Start of Saturation Event

SSF Server Signal Fail

SSM Synchronisation Status Message

SSMB Synchronisation Status Message (half) Byte

STM Synchronous Transport Module

STM-1 Synchronous Transport Module (155 Mbit/s)

STM-4 Synchronous Transport Module (622 Mbit/s)

STM-16 Synchronous Transport Module (2.5 Gbit/s)

STM-64 Synchronous Transport Module (10 Gbit/s)

SU Supervisory Unit

SUE Start of Unavailability Event

T

TC Tandem Connection

TCM Tandem Connection Monitoring

TCIF Telecommunications Industry Forum

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TDM Time Division Multiplexing

TEP1(E) Transmission Equipment Practice 1E

THz Terahertz

TID Target Identifier

TIM Trace Identifier Mismatch

TL1 Transaction Language 1

TMN Telecommunications Management Network

TOE Time of Events

ToR Top of Rack



TP Termination Point

TPDU Transport Protocol Data Unit

Trib Tributary

TRMT Transmit

TSAP Transport Service Access Point

TSE Termination of Saturation Event

TSL Trail Signal Label

TSS Telecommunications Standardisation Sector

TTIM Trail Trace Identifier Mismatch

TTP Trail Termination Point

TU Tributary Unit

TUE Termination of Unavailability Event

TUG Tributary Unit Group

Tx Transmit

U

UAS Unavailable Second

UAT UnAvailable Time

UITS Unacknowledged Information Transfer Service

UPSR Unidirectional Path Switched Ring (see also SNCP which is another term for the same thing)

URG Urgent

USE Unacceptable Short-term Errors

V

VC Virtual Container

VCAM Virtual Container Access Module

VCG Virtual Concatenation Group

VCTS Virtual Container Transport System

VPN Virtual Private Network

VPT Virtual Path Terminator/Termination

W

WAN Wide Area Network

WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexer

WIMP Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer

WTR Wait to Restore

X

Xconn Cross Connection



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Documents

OMS840 1.2 Topic 01 Documentation Guide