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7/21/2019 OMF000004 Radio Frequency Part and Antenna ISSUE2.1
1/70
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
adio !re"uency#art and Antenna
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!oreword
! components are widely used in wireless system,and e$ect per%ormance o% networ&
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Pa e3Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
'()ectives
*pon completion o% this course, you will (e a(le to+*nderstand the structure and %eatures o% com(ination
unit
aster the &ey speci-cations o% antennae a(le to choose the suita(le type o% ! component
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Pa e4Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents1. RF Part in BTS
2. Antenna
/. !eeder and TTA
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! evice o% T1 Antenna
TTA
Antennastand
Jumper betweenantenna and TTA
Jumper betweenTTA and feeder
Feeder
Lighteningarrester
Jumper betweenlightening arresterand cabinet
BTS312 cabinet
SWITCH BOX
FAN BOX
AIR BOX
P
S
U
P
S
U
P
S
U
P
S
U
P
S
U
P
S
U
P
U
T
U
T
!
S
T
!
U
T
!
U
C
D
U
C
D
U
T
R
X
T
R
X
T
R
X
T
R
X
C
D
U
C
D
U
T
R
X
T
R
X
T
R
X
T
R
X
C
D
U
C
D
U
TDU
FAN BOX
AIR BOX
P
S
U
P
S
U
P
S
U
P
S
U
P
S
U
P
S
U
P
U
TR
X
TR
X
TR
X
TR
X
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Pa e6Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
ntroduction
! device in T1 include two parts
ndoor+ com(iner and splitter unit
!or e3ample+ C * module, 1C* module and 4 *
module'utdoor+ antenna, %eeder, TTA 5tower top ampli-er ,
)umper and lightning arrester
7/21/2019 OMF000004 Radio Frequency Part and Antenna ISSUE2.1
7/70Pa e7Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
!unction o% Com(iner andivider
*se one antenna to support multiple T78 7 signals,decreases the amount o% antenna and %eeder
Complete duple3er o% T78 7 and com(ine T7 signal
-lter, ampli%y and split the 7 signal #rovide power %or TTA
7/21/2019 OMF000004 Radio Frequency Part and Antenna ISSUE2.1
8/70Pa e8Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
C * 5Com(ining and ivider*nit
T"1
T"2
T"#$%mbT"#&up
c%mbiner duple"er
di'ider
di'ider
amplifier
filter
("1("2("3(")
("*("+(",("-
.L#%ut
.L#in
("%ut("&
T"/("#A0T
7/21/2019 OMF000004 Radio Frequency Part and Antenna ISSUE2.1
9/70Pa e9Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
1C* 51imple Com(iner *nit
T 1
T 2
T 3
T )
T $%mb
combiner
combiner
combiner
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10/70Pa e10Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
4 * 54nhance uple3er *nit
T"1 duple"er
di'ider
amplifier
("1("2
T"/("#A0T1
di'ider
amplifier
("1
("2
duple"er T"/("#A0T2T"2
7/21/2019 OMF000004 Radio Frequency Part and Antenna ISSUE2.1
11/70Pa e11Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Comparison among i$erent Com(ining*nits
CombineMode
Typical Lossal!e o"TX#dB$
%&iceCompa&ison
#pe& TRX$
$&U
c%mbine tw%T signal
%ne step 3dBc%mbiner
) * middle
S$U
c%mbine f%ur
T signaltw% step 3dB
c%mbiner
+ - l%w
S$U4$&U
c%mbine f%urT signal
tw% step 3dBc%mbiner
- l%w
!&Un% c%mbiner
d%uble duple" 1 middle&%uble $&U
5 with%ut c%mbiner6n% c%mbiner
d%uble duple" 1 high
&%uble $&U57ith c%mbiner6
c%mbine tw%T signal
d%uble duple") * middle
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12/70Pa e12Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
4C *941C*
4C * The structure is the same as C *:s, (ut increase A7.
input power. t can (ear up to;00< input ! power
41C* The structure is the same as C *:s, (ut increase A7.
input power. t can (ear up to;00< input ! power
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13/70Pa e13Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
1=8=8= 2C *T'(R'M)ANT* R'D
CDU)*D!ple'e&
Combine& Dis+&ib!+o& Dis+&ib!+o&
T'(R'M)ANT, R'D
CDU),D!ple'e&
Combine& Dis+&ib!+o& Dis+&ib!+o&
T' TR'-R'MR'D
T' TR'*R'MR'D
T' TR', R'MR'D
T' TR',R'MR'D
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14/70Pa e14Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
1=8=8= 1C*>C *T 8UT
( A
( B
T 8UT
( A( B
T
COMB
T $8 B
T 8UT
( A
( B
DU%
*./
*./
T /( A0T
T 8UT
( A( B
T
(
.L 8UT
.L 90
COMBT $8 B
T &UP
( & 8UT
S$U
( & A0T
5T /( B6
5( A6
$&U
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15/70Pa e15Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
oard in T1/0;2+ C'
The C' is optional and there areup to three C' s.
The C' com(ines the 2?route
T * transmission signals andoutputs them to the #*
DCOM
T $8
T 2
T 1
80S.!LL
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16/70Pa e16Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
nter%aces on C'
nter%ace Type escription
'@1H4LL 26
5%emale
!or identi-cation o% the (oard type
o% C' and on?site status
T7 C' @ 5male 'utput o% com(ining signals %romthe C' to #*
T7; @ 5male T7 signal input %rom the T * to
C'
T72 @ 5male T7 signal input %rom the T * toC'
7/21/2019 OMF000004 Radio Frequency Part and Antenna ISSUE2.1
17/70Pa e17Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
oard in T1/0;2+ #*
The #* is intermi3ed with the C' in the %orepart o%! su(system
1ending multi ! signals %rom the transceiver in the T *
to the antenna through the duple3er
1ending signals %rom the antenna a%ter ampli%ying and
"uartering them to the transceiver in the T *
etecting standing wave alarms in the Antenna !eeder
system
eceiving the gain control o% the low noise ampli-er
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18/70Pa e18Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
!unctional structure o% the#*
A0TB
T A
T B
( A)
d!ple'e& d!ple'e& di0ide& di0ide& d!ple'e& d!ple'e& di0ide& di0ide&
A0TA
( A1( A2( A3
( B1( B2( B3( B)
7/21/2019 OMF000004 Radio Frequency Part and Antenna ISSUE2.1
19/70Pa e19Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
ndicators on #*Indicat
orColo
r Description Status Meaning
*@ Breenndicates the#* is running
and powerd on
'n There is power supply and the(oard is %aulty.
'$ There is no power supply or the(oard is %aulty.
1low ash 50.DHE
The (oard is running normally.
!ast ash 52.DHE
The T * is sendingcon-guration parameters to the#* or the #* is loadingso%tware programs.
AL ed ndicates an alarm
'n 5includinghigh?%re"uencyash
There is alarm5including standingwave alarm and the (oard is%aulty.
'$ @o %ault
1low ash 50.DHE
The (oard is starting or loadingthe newest application programs
F1< A edndicates astanding wavealarm o% ChannelA
1low ash 50.DHE
1tanding wave alarm occurs toChannel A
'n 1tanding wave critical alarmoccurs to Channel A
'$ @o standing wave alarm occurs toChannel A
F1< edndicates astanding wavealarm o% Channel
1low ash 50.D
HE
1tanding wave alarm occurs to
Channel 'n 1tanding wave critical alarm
occurs to Channel
(U0 AL:S7(A
( A1
( A2
( A3( A)
( B1
( B2
( B3
( B)
DD%U
T A
T B
$8
P87!(
:S7(B
A0TA A0TB
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20/70Pa e20Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
nter%ace on #*nter%ac
e Type escription
C' 265%emale
1ends to the #* control signals, communicationsignals, cloc& signals and su(rac& num(er
#'
7/21/2019 OMF000004 Radio Frequency Part and Antenna ISSUE2.1
21/70Pa e21Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
oard in T1/0;2+ AT*
t is optional and there are ma3imum twoAT*s
Transmitting the remote electrical tilt unit
5 4T control signals!eeding the T A
Communicating with the T * %or
control and alarm report
DATU
(U0
A$T
AL
A0T;
A0T1
A0T2
A0T3
A0T)
A0T*
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22/70Pa e22Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
ias?Tee
1eparate ! signal %rom controlsignal 5antenna downtilt and
power supply 5TTA
Connect antenna via )umper toconnector ;
Connect #* to connector /
Connect AT* to connector 2
1
2
3
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23/70Pa e23Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
G T 7s Connection o% T1/0;2
&$8
&ATU
B9AS T!!
&&PU
&T(U
7/21/2019 OMF000004 Radio Frequency Part and Antenna ISSUE2.1
24/70Pa e24Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents;. ! #art in T12. Antenna
/. !eeder and TTA
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Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Classi-cation
Classi%y (y wor&ing (and+ *H!, FH!, microwave, etc.Classi%y (y radiate pattern+ omni, directional
Classi%y (y structure+ line, pane, para(ola %eed
Classi%y (y polariEation+ vertical and horiEontal
Classi%y (y outline+ line and pane
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Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
8mni &irecti%n&irecti%nal Antenna
adiate #attern
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Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
'utline
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Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
#olariEation
'ertical p%lari
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!unction
Convert high %re"uency current to electromagnetic wavewhen transmitting
Convert electromagnetic wave to high %re"uency currentwhen receiving
Antenna can not ampli%y the transmission power, )ustconcentrate ! power to one direction
h%ri
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adiate #attern
Omni antennalobe
Direction
antenna lobe
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adiate #attern
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ipole and sotropic
ipole
*(/ 1a0e len2+3
*(/1a0e len2+3
*(,1a0e len2+3
9s%tr%pic
Ideal radiator with same ability on all direction!
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Bain
The radiation a(ility o% certain antenna overtop dipole orisotropic
ndicates the antenna %eature o% electromagnetic radiation
in speci-c directions
*nit+ d i8d d 9s%tr%pic antennaS=mmetrical dip%le
antenna Actual antenna
dBd
dBi
2 1*dB
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!orward to ac& atio
The ratio o% main lo(e signal strength to (ac& lo(e This value is within ;G =Dd . n ur(an, it is
suggested to use the antenna with high !8 ratio
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eam Angle
H#
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own Title
To control coverage To decrease inter modulation
ealiEation+ electron and mechanism
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mechanism
electron
own Title
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4$ect o% 4lectron own Title
0% &%wn title !lectr%n &%wn title
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4$ect o% echanism owntitle
0% &%wntitle !lectr%n &%wntitle
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4$ect o% i$erent ethods
1;>5!6 1;>5 6+>5!64 )>5 6
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#olariEation
The direction o% electro ? vector radiated (y antenna. The vertical polariEation wave is vertical with the
plane o% ground, and the horiEontal polariEation waves
parallel with the plane o% ground
1ingle antenna has only one polariEation direction.
ual polariEed antenna contains two single ? polariEed
antenna in one entity. ual polariEation antenna
usually adopts >=D8 =D degree orthogonal polariEation
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#olariEation
:RTICAL HORIAONTAL
; /9 7 /9
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ual #olariEation
(H ;(7 /95
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#ort solation The isolation among ports should (e more than /0 d . %or
multi?ports antenna, 1uch as dual (and, dual polariEationantenna
*--- mW #*W$ *mW
*-lo2#*---mW(*mW$ < 8-dB
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Main +o lo1e& side
Main +o !ppe& side
*pper 1ide Lo(e 1uppression
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#assive intermodulation 5#t is the inermodulation e$ect caused (y the non?linearitypresent in the passive components, such as connector, antenna,%eeder, and -lter, wor&ing under high power signals o% multiplecarriers.
Benerally, it is granted that passive components are o% linearity.
*nder high power condition, nonlinearity is present in passivecomponents to some e3tent mainly due to the %ollowing causes+
etals o% di$erent materials are contacted together.
The contact sur%ace o% the same materials is rough.
The components are not tightly connected.
agnetic su(stances are present.
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*sage o% AntennaLand%orm 1tation Type e%erence
*r(an areasirectional station
1elect the antennas with low or
medium gains and preset electrical tilt
angle depending on (ase station
density. An electrical ad)ustment
antenna or mechanical tilt angle can
(e selected.
1u(ur(an areas irectional station
1elect the antennas with high gainM
(oth electrical ad)ustment tilt antenna
and mechanical tilt antenna are o&.
#lains 9 uralareas
irectional station
1elect the K0N antennasM (ut the (est
choice is the vertical signalpolariEation antennas.
irectional station1elect the antennas with Eero point
-lling -rst regardless o% tilt angle.
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*sage o% AntennaLand%orm 1tation Type e%erence
43pressways
irectional station
!irst select the G?shaped antennas,and then consider using the powersplitter o% 0.D80.D con-gurationM it ispre%erred to have Eero point -lling%unction.
irectional station >'mni station
!irst consider the 2;0N antennas,and then consider using thedirectional antenna and omniantenna together.
ountainareas
'mni station
!irst consider the antennas with Eeropoint -lling %unction, and then
consider the antennas with low gainMthe antenna tilt angel is consideredlast.
irectional station
!irst consider the antennas with lowgain and wide vertical (eams, andthen consider adding tile angle.
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Coupling etween Antennas
HoriEontal separation1uIcient decoupling distance+ D?;0O
Antenna patterns (ecome
superimposed i%
distance is too close
Fertical separation
ecoupling distance+;O can provide
(etter 7 8T7 decoupling
inimum coupling loss
main l%be
* 1;
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nstallation 43amplesecommended decoupling
T7 ? T7+ P/0d
T7 ? 7+ P=0d
HoriEontal decoupling distance
depends onAntenna gainHoriEontal rad. pattern
'mni?directional antenna*se vertical separation %or 7 and
T7
*se vertical separation 5Q%or&R %or
7 and diversity 7
:ertical dec%upling is much m%re effecti'e
;?2m
8mni directi%nal @ * 2;mdirecti%nal @ 1 3m
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Antenna nstallation
Coupling loss (dB):
LvJ2G>=0log5&8O 5vertical installation
LvJ22>20log5d8O ?5B ; >B 2 ?51 ; >1 2 5horiEontal
installation
S+ wave length
+ distance at vertical
+ distance at horiEontal
B ; B 2+ gain1 ; 1 2 + elative gain at line connected two antenna
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istri(uted Antenna 1ystem
"#BTSP%wersplitter P%wersplitter
P%wersplitter
c%upling
c%upling
c%upling
c%upling
Smallantenna
Smallantenna
Smallantenna
Small
antenna
Smallantenna
Smallantenna
Smallantenna
c%upling
&ual directi%n
amplifier
&ual directi%n amplifier
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1ymmetry and Asymmetry@etwor&
T"/("
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
T"/("
1 3+
; *1;
1;; *
&ual directi%n amplifier
&ual directi%namplifier
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'ptical !i(er istri(utedAntenna
The optical -(er repeater is mainly adopted in the case o% wide coverage and long distance transmission
#ignal
$%tical "ranscei&er $ % t i c a l " r a n s c e i & e r
$%tical "ranscei&er
$ % t i c a l " r a n s c e i &
e r
"ranscei&er
"ranscei&er
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Lea&y Ca(le
Coa3ial ca(le with per%orated leadst is mainly adopted %or tunnel, metro and with high
cost o% e"uipment and installing
T"/("
'atching load
'atching load
()al direction am%li*ier
()al direction am%li*ier
Power s%litter
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Lea&y ca(le
Coa3ial ca(le with per%orated leads#roduce constant -eld?strength along ca(le runs
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!eature o% Lea&y Ca(le
Transmission loss per hundred meter Typical value + ;0P=0 d per ;00m
Couple Loss at ; meter distance
Typical value DD d 5at ;m
.%w t% calculate strength with lea =cable
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Comparison with istri(utedAntenna
T=pe Lea ing Fiber $%a"ial Fiber 8ptical
design Agilit= g%%d g%%d n%t g%%d
$%st high l%w high
$%mple"it= %f9nstalling high l%w l%w
L%ss %fTransmissi%n high high l%w
P%wer Suppl= n%t needed n%t needed needed
(eliabilit= high high l%w
Applicabilit= metr%? tunnelhigh building?
$%mmercial areafar areac%'erage
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Contents
;. ! #art in T12. Antenna
3. Feeder and TTA
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Triple3 Tower Top Ampli-er
L%w n%ise amplifier
T filter
b=passBias TeeBTS
T&iple' TTA
antenna
&$
-. *ilter -. *ilter
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ata Con-guration o% C * Turn on power o% TTA in C * (e%ore installation
TTA switch is in rear panel o% C *
Con-guration alarm threshold o% TTA current (e%ore installation
TTA current switch is in rear panel o% C *
Con-guration attenuation %actor o% receive signal on consol
attenuation %actor o% receive signal
JTTA gain U %eeder loss
1imple3 TTA gain+;=d , triple3 TTA gain+;2d
onV t use TTA i% not necessary
!or the convenience o% installation
To get (etter lighting ?proo% e$ect
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Pa e66Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
#ower 1witch and CurrentLimit
ear panel o% < C *
TTA TTA&
8FF 8FF
TTA TTA&
123TTA TTA&
8FF 8FF
123
TTA @ p%wer switch %f main TTA switch
TTA&@ p%wer switch %f di'ersit= TTA
select current limitTTA TTA&
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Pa e67Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
#ower 1witch and CurrentLimit
ear panel o% C' 4F C *
A 9 0
;1 2
3
;12
3
& 9 : ! ( S !
0%te@
A90 main TTA switch&9:!(S! di'ersit= TTA switch
; 1 2 3
;12
3
;1 2
3
;12
3
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Pa e68Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
!eeder Feeder selection
Type + ;82R W8GR D8=R1elect D8=R in the case o% %eeder length is more thanG0 mand otherwise select W8GR in K00 HE1elect D8=R in the case o% %eeder length is more than
D0 mand otherwise select W8GR in ;G00 HE!eeder curvature should not (e so (ig, outer conductorshould (e connected to earth
/0 251 156 74 4722( , 7 86090 31 156 465 874 03# 50 22 7 8
, $':0 221 156 64 3'1474, 7 8
,;(-:
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Pa e69Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
1ummary
n this course, we have learned+C* structure and loss
1C* structure and loss
Antenna type and %eature
TTA
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Than =%uwww huawei c%m