Omar Said - Società Italiana di Fisicastatic.sif.it/SIF/resources/public/files/en2012/Reda_Stud.pdf · Omar Said 8/3/2012 SIF: Energy School 2012 ,Varenna . ... To adjust people’s

Omar Said

8/3/2012 SIF: Energy School 2012 ,Varenna

Introduction to myself


• Name: Omar Said (I am in Petroleum and Petrochemicals Engineering senior student –Cairo University).

• Experience : – Schlumberger oil service company trainee (wire line segment).

– Halliburton oil service company trainee (mud engineering segment).

– GUPCO oil company (Gas Plant purification and processing).

– GUSCO gas company (Gas transportation and processing).

– ENPPI procurement and petroleum industries company ( HYSES computer simulation ) .

Agenda

• Problem

• History of Biofuel

• Biodiesel

• Jatropha oil

• Comparison between fuels

• Conclusion


What do you think ?


Source :

http://www.stanford.edu/group/ccr/blog/2009/10/traffic_in_cai

ro.html

http://www.stanford.edu/group/ccr/blog/2009/10/traffic_in_cairo.html

http://www.stanford.edu/group/ccr/blog/2009/10/traffic_in_cairo.html


Source : elmasryelyoum.com


Source: elmasryelyoum.com

The earth's The earth's populationpopulation is growing at an increasing is growing at an increasing rate .rate .

The world will need greatly increased energy supply in the next 20 years, especially cleanly-generated electricity.

To adjust people’s needs and wants more energy will need to be produced .


2.2. WATERWATER

3.3. FOODFOOD

4.4. ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT

5.5. POVERTYPOVERTY

6.6. TERRORISM TERRORISM & War& War

7.7. DISEASEDISEASE

8.8. EDUCATIONEDUCATION

9.9. DEMOCRACYDEMOCRACY

10.10. POPULATIONPOPULATION


The Earth’s Population is growing , yet the amount of energy is decreasing .

Our solution is to increase the amount of energy by creating a new source of energy .

Due to the negative effects that some energy sources have on the environment ,We decided to investigate natural energy based alternatives .


When the world had suffered from the big environmental problems at the ends of the 20th century, many countries agreed and signed for green fuels. Congress also voted the energy policy act in 1994 and a newer in 2005 to promote renewable fuels.


BiodieselBiodiesel is a renewable fuel that is an organic hydrocarbon , that creates less pollution to our environment than any other fuel for Instance : Petroleum fuel . Biodiesel has a great usage .


Biodiesel is the most common bio fuel in Europe.

Chemically, it consists mostly of fatty acid methyl

(or ethyl) esters.

Feed stocks for biodiesel include animal fats, vegetable oils, soy, rapeseed, jatropha, flax, sunflower, palm oil, and algae.


Pure biodiesel is the lowest emission diesel fuel(clean combustion)

they are used to fuel much less efficient petrol engines and are not as widely available.


• The production of Biodiesel,or alkyl esters, is well known . There are three basic routes to ester production from oils and fats.

1. Base catalyzed transesterification of the oil with alcohol.

2. Direct acid catalyzed esterification of the oil with methanol.

3. Conversion of the oil to fatty acids, and then to alkyl esters with acid catalysis.

• The majority of the alkyl esters produced today are done with the base catalyzed reaction

• Because it is the most economic for several reasons.

• Low temperature (150F) and pressure (20psi) processing.

• High conversion (98%) with minimal side reactions and reaction time.

• Direct conversion to methyl ester with no intermediate steps.


Source:http://www.creativeworld9.com/2011/03/abstract

-on-biodiesel-tomorrows-fuel.html

http://www.creativeworld9.com/2011/03/abstract-on-biodiesel-tomorrows-fuel.html










• Jatropha oil is vegetable oil produced from the seeds of the Jatropha curcas, a plant that can grow in marginal lands.


Source: jatrophaoil.com

Jatropha oil

Methanol

Potassium hydroxide Pellets ( KOH ) which is the catalyst


• Transesterification • The most common derivatives of agricultural oil for fuels are methyl

esters. These are formed by transesterification of the oil with methanol in the presence of a catalyst (usually basic) to give methyl ester and glycerol. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is the most common catalyst, though others such as potassium hydroxide (KOH) can also be used.

• 100 kg oil+24 kg methanol+2.5 kg NaOH a 100 kg biodiesel+26 kg glycerin.


Source:http://www.creativeworld9.com/2011/03/abstract-on-

biodiesel-tomorrows-fuel.html













Comparison between Comparison between

Biodiesel from Jatropha OilBiodiesel from Jatropha Oil

Kerosene Kerosene

GasolineGasoline

Natural GasNatural Gas

Petroleum Diesel Petroleum Diesel


Renewability Renewability

CostCost

Safetiness of Storage & Transportation Safetiness of Storage & Transportation

Environmentally Acceptable or NotEnvironmentally Acceptable or Not

Points of ComparisonPoints of Comparison


Type Renewable Non Renewable

Biodiesel from Jatropha Oil

Kerosene

Gasoline

Natural Gas

Normal Diesel


Type Price Per Liter Places


0.2650.265

2nd

Kerosene 0.70$0.70$ 3rd

Gasoline 0.7257 $0.7257 $ 4th

Natural Gas 0.018$0.018$ 11stst

Normal Diesel 0.7796 $0.7796 $ 5th

Wolfram Alpha computational knowledgeWolfram Alpha computational knowledge http://www.wolframalpha.com/ http://www.wolframalpha.com/


Type Self Igniting Non-self Igniting


Kerosene

Gasoline

Natural Gas

Normal Diesel 8/3/2012 SIF: Energy School 2012 ,Varenna


is a carbon neutral one. It means

that it does not emit any carbon gases in the form of carbon dioxide. It is less polluting than petroleum products since it produce less particulate matters like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, and unburned hydro carbon. Also it is nontoxic. US department of energy study showed that the production and use of biodiesel, compared petroleum diesel, resulted in a 78.5% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.

Produces toxic fumes when it is burned . For Instance

: When we light a lamp with kerosene it produces toxic fumes. Also It emits Carbon dioxide which is not friendly to our environment.


Gasoline contains MTBE which is a known cancer

causing agent and can cause birth defects if a pregnant mother is exposed to it. Gasoline emits Carbon dioxide which pollute our Environment.

is also cleaner burning than other hydrocarbon

fuels. It produces toxic fumes but not as dangerous as other Fossil fules.

Diesel comes from Fossil Fules & adds Carbon

dioxide to the atmosphere. Diesel also contributes to the formation of ozone pollution. Diesel contains small particles known as fine particulate matter, a major contributor to air pollution.


According to renewabilityrenewability Biodiesel that is extracted from jatropha oil is the only source of energy that is renewable.

According to the CostCost Biodiesel is the second cheapest source of energy while Kerosene is the most expensive.

According to the Safetiness of Storage & Safetiness of Storage & Transportation Transportation , Biodiesel is Non- self Igniting Also Biodiesel is transported easily and it’s in expensive in transportation because it doesn’t need compressors.

According to the Enviromental benifitsEnviromental benifits , Biodiesel



Documents

Omar Said - Società Italiana di Fisicastatic.sif.it/SIF/resources/public/files/en2012/Reda_Stud.pdf · Omar Said 8/3/2012 SIF: Energy School 2012 ,Varenna . ... To adjust people’s