Oliver Cromwell and the Roundheads

English Civil War• What were the causes of this war?

– Abuses in the Monarchy• Forced loans• Imprisonment without cause• Declaring Martial Law without just cause• Dissolving Parliament• Religious Tension• Housing troops in private homes

– Philosophical Differences in Governing Ideals• Absolute vs. Shared Power

• Who wins this war?

These Colonies ruled themselves when the British Civil War begins and continue to do through out the duration of the war.

Puritans went to North America and started British Colonies.

Roundhead and Cavaliers

Trial of Charles I

Execution of Charles I

Who rules England?• What sort of belief system will they have?

• Who will benefit from this system?

• Get in a group and come up with three different possibilities for the government of England after the execution of Charles I

Oliver Cromwell

Develop a Government• Philosophical Influences

– Religion and Government go together• What sort of laws do you write and enforce?

– Republicanism• Who makes the decisions? • Who is allowed to vote?

– Mercantilism• How do you regulate trade with the British

Colonies around the world?

– Religious Freedom• Who is allowed to worship freely?

Puritan Rule of England• Religion and Government go together

– Your life must be simple without vice• Go to Church, Drinking, Gambling, Swearing, etc…

• Republicanism– Started as a republic but would revert back to

a monarchy • Leveliers were defeated along with catholic

uprisings in Ireland and Scotland

• Mercantilism - Passed the Navigation Acts

• Religious Freedom – As long as your were a protestant you had freedom

Who benefited?• In your groups discuss whether you

believe that England was better under Cromwell and the Roundheads or underneath the Monarchy

• Back up your answers with three arguments with specific historical facts

• You will receive a 10 pt participation grade for your work in class.

Cromwell and the Rump Parliament• Parliament is going to pass the Navigation

Acts – that means that anything coming to England must be brought in English ships or from ships belonging to the country that produces the goods.

• Cromwell thinks that Parliament is ineffective and dissolves it

• Declares Martial Law

Reaction to Puritan Rule • Cromwell is able to keep ruling through the

force of personality

• Cromwell dies and his son isn’t able to keep power

• Royalists start to gain power and restart talks about bring back the monarchy

• Charles II is brought back to the throne– Parliament keeps a close eye on him– Charles II is nicknamed the “Merry Monarch”

End of the Commonwealth

• Cromwell would lead the country until his death in 1658

• Cromwell’s son Richard takes over

• 1660 the newly elected Parliament reinstates the Monarchy

• They invite Charles II who had escaped to the Netherlands to be king

• Parliament has severe restrictions on the Monarchy to protect the people’s rights and the representative government

The Arrival of Charles II

Charles II

Charles II• Charles was always worried about his

position with Parliament

• He would do little that he thought would upset Parliament

• He would throw parties and meet with other heads of state but really was a figure head

• Parliament held most of the power and influence from this time period on

The Colonies in North America• Puritans controlled the Northern colonies

• Southern colonies were formed with the express purpose of making money

• Joint-Stock Company – New way of putting businesses together– Many people working together to get capital to

form a company– Each got a chare of the company in

accordance to percentage of the money the contributed to the company