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L’O S S E RVATOR E ROMANOWEEKLY EDITION

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IN ENGLISHNon praevalebunt

Fifty-third year, number 28 (2.655) Vatican City Friday, 10 July 2020

On the Pope’s appeal at the Angelus for a global and immediate ceasefire

A Magisterium for peace and against hypocrisy

On the seventh anniversary of his visit to Lampedusa, the Holy Father recalls the experiences of the migrants he met there

Fleeing the hell of detention camps

Interview with Mr Yunus

Project fora new world

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‘Where is yourb ro t h e r ? ’

ALESSANDRO GISOTTI

“‘Where is your brother? Thevoice of his blood cries out tome,’ God says. This is not a ques-tion addressed to others. It is aquestion addressed to me, to you,to each of us.”

Seven years have passed sincePope Francis visited the Italian is-land of Lampedusa and addressedthat question to all of humanity ata Mass he celebrated at the sportsground in the heart of the Medi-terranean. The journey lasted onlya few hours, but in some way setthe stage for the Pope’s Magisteri-um. There, at the Southern tip ofEurope, Pope Francis showedwhat he means when he speaks ofa “Church that goes forth”. Hevisibly affirmed that reality can beseen better from the peripheriesthan from the centre. Amid mi-grants who had fled from war andmisery, he made tangible hisdream of a “poor Church for thep o or”.

On the other hand, speaking inLampedusa about Cain and Abel,he also brought to the foregroundthe question of brotherhood, afundamental question for our time

CONTINUED ON PA G E 8

CONTINUED ON PA G E 6

ANDREA TORNIELLI

In recent days the United NationsSecurity Council approved a resolu-tion for an “immediate cessation ofhostilities in all situations ... for atleast 90 consecutive days” in orderto guarantee humanitarian assistanceto affected populations and to coun-teract the devastating consequencesof the spread of Covid-19. With hisappeal at the end of the Angelus onSunday, 5 July [see page 8], Franciswanted to offer his support to theinitiative, hoping that the globalceasefire would be observed “effect-ively and promptly”. The Pope’s ini-tiative represents a new step on along journey. A step made evenmore urgent by the crisis caused bythe pandemic, whose most devastat-ing consequences — on par withthose of wars — fall on the poorest.

On Sunday, 29 March, the Pontiffhad already advanced this request, insupport of an appeal in this regardlaunched five days earlier by the UNSecretary General. Mr António Gu-terres had called for an “immediateglobal ceasefire in all corners of theworld”, referring to the Covid-19emergency which knows no bound-aries. Francis joined “those who havewelcomed this appeal” and invited“everyone to follow it by ceasing allforms of hostility, promoting the cre-ation of humanitarian aid routes,openness to diplomacy, and atten-tiveness to those who are in situ-ations of great vulnerability”.

The Pope expressed his wish that“the joint fight against the pandem-ic” may “bring everyone to recog-nize the great need to reinforcebrotherly and sisterly bonds asmembers of a single human family.In particular, may it inspire a re-

newed commitment to overcomerivalries among the leaders of na-tions and the parties involved. Con-flicts cannot be resolved throughwar! Antagonism and differencesmust be overcome through dialogueand a constructive search for peace”.

In the weeks that followed, Fran-cis returned twice more to deploreweapons spending. In his homily forthe Easter Vigil, celebrated in SaintPe t e r ’s, he said: “Let us silence thecries of death, no more wars! Maywe stop the production and trade ofweapons, since we need bread, notguns”.

Pope Bergoglio wished to recallonce again this theme that repre -sents a constant in his Pontificate,even in the longest of the two Mari-an prayers which he recommendedto the faithful at the end of the Ro-sary in the month of May: “Supp ort

See page 3

L’OSSERVATORE ROMANOWEEKLY EDITION

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page 2 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO Friday, 10 July 2020, number 28

VAT I C A NBULLETIN

CHANGES IN EP I S C O PAT E

The Holy Father appointed BishopJorge Martín Torres Carbonell asBishop of Gregorio de Laferrere, Ar-gentina. Until now he has served astitular Bishop of Aquae in Byzacenaand Auxiliary of Lomas de Zamora,Argentina (30 June).

Bishop Torres Carbonell, 66, wasborn in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Hewas ordained a priest on 18 Novem-ber 1983. He was ordained a bishopon 27 February 2015, subsequent tohis appointment as titular Bishop ofAquae in Byzacena and Auxiliary ofLomas de Zamora.

The Holy Father appointed BishopSeverino Clasen, OFM, as Metropol-itan Archbishop of Maringá, Brazil.Until now he has served as Bishopof Caçador, Brazil (1 July).

Bishop Clasen, 66, was born inPetrolândia, Brazil. A member of theOrder of Friars Minor, he was or-dained a priest on 10 July 1982. Hewas ordained a bishop on 25 June2005, subsequent to his appointmentas Bishop of Araçuaí, Brazil. He wasappointed Bishop of Caçador on 6July 2011.

The Holy Father appointed BishopBenjamin Phiri as Bishop of Ndola,Zambia. Until now he has served astitular Bishop of Nachingwea andAuxiliary of the Diocese of Chipata,Zambia (3 July).

Bishop Phiri, 61, was born inChongololo, Zambia. He was or-dained a priest on 14 September1986. He was ordained a bishop on9 April 2011, subsequent to his ap-pointment as titular Bishop ofNachingwea and Auxiliary ofChipata.

The Holy Father accepted the resig-nation of Bishop Eduardo PorfirioPatiño Leal from his office as Bish-op of Córdoba, Mexico. He is suc-ceeded by Bishop Eduardo CiriloCarmona Ortega, CORC, coadjutorof the said Diocese (4 July).

Bishop Carmona Ortega, 61, wasborn in Mexico City, Mexico. Hewas ordained a priest on 20 August1983. He was ordained a bishop on 7January 2004, subsequent to his ap-pointment as Bishop of PuertoEscondido, Mexico. He was ap-p ointed Bishop of Parral, Mexico,on 27 June 2012 and coadjutor Bish-op of Córdoba on 6 November2019.

The Holy Father accepted the resig-nation of Bishop Francisco CasesAndreu from his office as Bishop ofIslas Canarias, Spain (6 July).

The Holy Father appointed BishopJosé Mazuelos Pérez as Bishop ofIslas Canarias. Until now he hasserved as Bishop of Jerez de laFrontera, Spain (6 July).

Bishop Pérez, 59, was born in Os-una, Spain. He was ordained apriest on 17 March 1990. He was or-dained a bishop on 6 June 2009,subsequent to his appointment asJerez de la Frontera.

The Holy Father appointed as Bish-op of Savannah, USA, Fr Stephen D.Parkes, from the clergy of the Dio-cese of Orlando, USA . Until now hehas served as vicar forane of theNorth Central Deanery and parishpriest of Annunciation Parish inAltamonte Springs (8 July).

Bishop-elect Parkes, 55, was bornin Mineola, USA . He was ordained apriest on 23 May 1998. He holds adegree in Business Administration-M a r k e t i n g.

RE L AT I O N S WITH STAT E S

The Holy Father appointed Arch-bishop Claudio Gugerotti, titularArchbishop of Ravello and Apostol-ic Nuncio to Ukraine, as ApostolicNuncio to Great Britain (4 July).

APOSTOLIC VI S I TAT O R

The Holy Father appointed asApostolic Visitator for Ethiopianfaithful of Alexandrian Ge’ez riteresident in the United States andCanada Fr Tesfaye WoldemariamFesuh from the clergy of the Metro-politan Archieparchy of AddisAbeba, Ethiopia (2 July).

PONTIFICAL COMMISSION FORLAT I N AMERICA

The Holy Father appointed Mr Ju-lio César Caballero Moreno as officehead of the Pontifical Commissionfor Latin America (3 July).

PONTIFICAL COUNCIL FORPROMOTING CHRISTIAN UNITY

On 4 July, the Holy Father app oint-ed as Members of the PontificalCouncil for Promoting ChristianUnity the following: CardinalJoseph William Tobin, Archbishop

of Newark; Bishop Mario Grech,Bishop emeritus of Gozo and Pro-Secretary General of the Synod ofBishops; Bishop Paulo Cezar Costaof São Carlos; Bishop PaulRouhana, OLM, titular Bishop ofAntarados and Auxiliary of Joubbé,Sarba and Jounieh for Maronites;and Bishop Richard Kuuia Baa-wobr, M.Afr, of Wa.The Holy Father appointed as Con-sulters of the Pontifical Council forPromoting Christian Unity Arch-bishop Giacomo Morandi, titularArchbishop of Cerveteri and Secre -tary of the Congregation for theDoctrine of the Faith, and Archbish-op Giorgio Demetrio Gallaro, Bish-op emeritus of Piana degli Albanesiand Secretary of the Congregationfor the Oriental Churches (4 July).

NECROLO GY

Bishop César Bosco Vivas Robelo,Bishop emeritus of León, Nicaragua,at age 78 (23 June)Bishop Julianus Kemo Sunarka, S J,Bishop emeritus of Purwokerto, In-donesia, at age 78 (26 June)Bishop Pierre-Antoine-Jean Bach,M E P, titular Bishop of Tituli in Pro-consulari, Vicar Apostolic emeritusof Savannakhet, Laos, at age 87 (26June)Bishop Pedro Luis Ronchino, SDB,Bishop emeritus of Comodoro Riva-davia, Argentina, at age 92 (1 July)Bishop Teodoro Enrique Pino Mir-anda, Bishop of Huajuapan de Le-ón, Mexico, at age 73 (2 July)

For our familiesHoly Father’s prayer intentions for the month of July

A clip taken from the video

The video on the Pope’s World-wide Prayer Network for themonth of July offers a journey ofrediscovering the value of familyand family ties. In the brief clip,made available on Thursday, 2 Ju-ly, we see people occupied in theirdaily activities, each one immersedin the problems and difficultiesthat life puts before them. A moth-er, absorbed in her work, puts herfamily in second place. A father ispreoccupied with bills to be paid.Their children are leading a sort ofparallel life that does not meshwith their parents’. But then, agroup photo of the mother, father,son and daughter evokes their needfor togetherness; the family mem-bers come together and theirbonds are renewed, as all theobstacles to unity flow away.

The prayer intention proposedby the Pontiff for the month ofJuly is in fact dedicated to “O ur

nuclear family: “Sometimes, par-ents forget to play with their chil-dren. The Church needs to en-courage families and stay at theirside, helping them to discoverways that allow them to overcomeall of these difficulties”. As always,

the film, available with translationsin nine languages at www.thep-opevideo.org, was created and pro-duced by the Pope’s WorldwidePrayer Network in cooperationwith La Machi agency and theDicastery for Communication.

families”. “Let uspray”, Pope Francisurges, “that today’sfamilies may be ac-companied with love,respect and guidance,and especially, thatthey may be protectedby the State”. Indeed,he adds, the family“ought to be protec-ted. It faces manydangers: the fast paceof life, stress…”. TheHoly Father’s brief re-flection touches uponthe daily issues of the

number 28, Friday, 10 July 2020 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO page 3

On the seventh anniversary of his visit to Lampedusa, the Pope recalls the experiences of the migrants he met there

Fleeing the hell of detention campsThe Holy Father commemorated the seventh anniversary of his visit toLampedusa by celebrating Mass at Santa Marta on Wednesday, 8 July.During the ceremony, which was concelebrated by the two Under-secretaries of the Migrants and Refugees Section of the Dicastery forPromoting Integral Human Development, Cardinal Michael Czerny, SJ,and Father Fabio Baggio, CS, and by Father Lambert Tonamou, theDicastery’s regional coordinator for Africa and Madagascar, PopeFrancis invoked the protection of Mary, ‘Solacium migrantium’ (Solace ofMigrants), one of the invocations recently added to the Litany of Loreto.The following is the English text of the Pope’s homily.

On the anniversary of my visitto #Lampedusa, let us pray that we

might discover the face of Jesus in allpeople forced to flee their homelandbecause of the many injustices that

continue to afflict our world.

(@Pontifex)

home. The face of God is ourdestination and the guiding starthat helps us not to lose ourw a y.

The people of Israel, as de-scribed by the prophet Hosea inthe first reading (cf. 10:1-3.7-8.12), had gone astray. They hadlost sight of the Promised Landand were wandering in thedesert of iniquity. Abundance,prosperity and wealth hadcaused their hearts to drift awayfrom the Lord and had filledthem instead with falsehood andinjustice.

We too, as Christians today,are not immune to this sin.“The culture of comfort, whichmakes us think only of

version, a call to turn our eyesto the Lord and recognize hisface. The prophet says: “Sow foryourselves righteousness; reapsteadfast love; break up yourfallow ground, for it is time toseek the Lord, that he maycome and rain righteousnessupon you” (10:12).

Our efforts to seek the face ofGod are born of the desire foran encounter with the Lord, apersonal encounter, an en-counter with his immense love,with his saving power. Thetwelve apostles described into day’s Gospel (cf. Mt 10:1-7)received the grace to encounterhim physically in Jesus Christ,the incarnate Son of God. Jesus

grace and salvation, and sum-mons us to the same mission en-trusted to the Apostles.

Today marks the seventh year,the seventh anniversary of myvisit to Lampedusa. In the lightof God’s word, I would like torepeat what I said to those tak-ing part in the meeting “Fre efrom Fear” in February last year:“The encounter with the other isalso an encounter with Christ.He himself told us this. He isthe one knocking on our door,hungry, thirsty, naked, sick, im-prisoned; he is the one seekingan encounter with us, askingour help, asking to come ashore.And lest we have any doubt, hetells us categorically: ‘Truly Itell you, whatever you did toone of the least of these mybrethren, you did to me’” (Mt25:40).

“Whatever you did...” for bet-ter or for worse! This admoni-tion is all the more timely today.We ought to use it as a basicstarting point for our daily ex-amination of conscience. Here I

ception area there was a lady —God bless her, she has sincepassed away — who was adaughter of Ethiopians. She un-derstood the language and shehad seen our conversation ontelevision. She said this to me.“Listen, what the Ethiopiantranslator told you is not even aquarter of the torture and suffer-ing that those people experi-enced”. They gave me the “dis-tilled” version. This is what ishappening today with Libya:they are giving us a “distilledversion”. The war is indeed hor-rible, we know that, but youcannot imagine the hell thatpeople are living there, in thatdetention camp. And thosepeople came only with hope ofcrossing the sea.

May the Virgin Mary, Solaci-um migrantium, “Solace of Mi-grants”, help us discover theface of her Son in all our broth-ers and sisters forced to fleetheir homeland because of themany injustices that continue toafflict our world.

The Responsorial Psalm invitesus always to seek the Lord’sface: “Seek the Lord and hisstrength; seek his presence con-tinually” (Ps 105:4). This questis fundamental for the life ofevery believer, for we have cometo realize that our ultimate goalin life is the encounter withGo d.

To seek the face of God is anassurance that our journeythrough this world will endwell. It is an exodus towards thePromised Land, our heavenly

ourselves, makes us insensitiveto the cries of other people,makes us live in soap bubbleswhich, however lovely, are in-substantial; they offer a fleetingand empty illusion which resultsin indifference to others; indeed,it even leads to the globalizationof indifference” (Homily inLampedusa, 8 July 2013).

Hosea’s words reach us todayas a renewed summons to con-

— as we heard — called each ofthem by name. He looked themin the eye, and they in turngazed at his face, listened to hisvoice and beheld his miracles.The personal encounter with theLord, a time of grace and salva-tion, entails a mission: “As yougo”, Jesus tells them, proclaimthe good news: “The kingdomof heaven is at hand” (v. 7). En-counter and mission must notbe separated.

This kind of personal en-counter with Jesus Christ is pos-sible also for us, who are thedisciples of the third millenni-um. In our effort to seek theL o rd ’s face, we can recognizehim in the face of the poor, thesick, the abandoned, and theforeigners whom God places onour way. This encounter be-comes also for us a time of

think of Libya, detention camps,the abuses and violence towhich migrants are subjected; Ithink of journeys of hope, res-cue operations, and cases of re-jection. “Whatever you did …you did to me.”

I remember that day, sevenyears ago, in the very south ofEurope, on that island.... Anumber of people told me theirstories and all that they hadgone through to get there.There were interpreters present.One person was telling meabout terrible things in his lan-guage, and the interpreterseemed to translate well, butthis person spoke so long andthe translation was brief. “We l l ”,I thought, “their language mustrequire more words to expressan idea”. When I returnedhome that afternoon, in the re-

number 28, Friday, 10 July 2020 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO page 4/5

ANDREA MONDA

“Once we know where to go, go-ing there becomes much easier”.Muhammad Yunus, economist,2006 Nobel Peace Prize laureateand the creator of modern micro-credit, has rather clear ideasabout what to do in a world po-tentially changed by thecoronavirus. To begin with, toprotect everyone, the entireworld, from the virus with a vac-cine that will be declared a “glob-al common good”. Then simply,to create a very different world.

You underlined, in harmony withthe Pope, that after the Covid-19crisis it will be necessary to find anew model. We can’t go back, noth-ing will be like before. How do youthink it is possible to make thosewho hold power understand thismessage?

I am so happy to see that PopeFrancis has the same feeling as Ido. Going back to the old worldwould be an insane action be-cause the world that we’re com-ing from was a very inhospitableworld, a terrifying world, a worldwhich was about to finish itselfby global warming, by wealthconcentration, by artificial intelli-gence removing human beingsfrom jobs. At that point,everything was converging andwe had only a few years left be-fore the whole world collapsed.From the global warming sidethere is a very small time left be-fore the world becomes unlivable.It is the same for wealth concen-tration, which is a ticking timebomb which can explode politi-cally, socially with anger, and thesame for artificial intelligence be-cause of which people will haveno job or no work for them.That’s not the kind of world thatwe would like to go back to.That’s the point. And coronavirushas done a great favour despitethe fact that it made a horriblesituation of the planet, but it hasdone a great favour to us becauseit stopped the machine in rushingtowards death. So today we are atleast not rushing anywhere. Thetrain has stopped. We can justlook around. We can get off the

train which was taking us to sureend, and now can decide wherewe want to go to find safety andsecurity. Definitely we don’t wantto go back to the terrible situ-ation. So that’s the point of notgoing back. Not going backmeans that we have options to gosomeplace else.

Th a t ’s what you’re saying. But whatif the people in the high places anddecision-makers don’t accept that?

Well if people want to gosomeplace else, decision makerswill have not much of an optionleft. Ultimately the people haveto decide where to go. That’swhat the democracy is all about.If public opinion becomes strong,I don’t think that can be ignored.I try to encourage the youngpeople to look at the situationand make their judgement. Teen-agers are the ones who are march-ing on the street under the ban-ner “Fridays for Future”. Theyare telling the world that we areon a wrong path. They are accus-ing their parents for being irre-sponsible and pushing them intoa world where they have no fu-ture. I tell them now this is yourchance. You can build the worldthat you want. So get togetherand make it happen. This is aquestion of convincing people ingeneral, young people in particu-lar. This is a question of commu-nication. If Pope Francis givesthe leadership, immediately themessage becomes powerful.People respect his views globally,irrespective of the religious affili-ation. We remember the impacthis views made during the Parisnegotiations on reaching con-sensus on the global environ-mental crisis. His call to theworld helped in reaching the Par-is Agreement.

Pope Francis can play a veryimportant role now. I request himto play that role firmly.

In a recent streaming lesson at thePontifical Lateran University, youunderlined that the post Covid-19recovery is studded with opportunit-ies, but only if it passes through anew social and environmentalawareness, the use of the economy,

not as a mere science aimed atmaximizing profits, but rather as atool to achieve the happiness of indi-viduals and the community. Howcan we achieve this goal?

Explain to people what thisgoal of creating a new world is allabout: what was wrong with theold world, why we mustn’t goback to the old world. People arefamiliar with the dangers posedin the old world but they are notaware of opportunities created bythe corona crisis to escape fromthose dangers.

I don’t think economics prac-ticed in the world today deservesto be called a social science.There is not much social about it.Its sole concern is maximizationof personal profit.

It is not concerned with thecommon interest of people. It isonly concerned with how to ac-cumulate the wealth of nationswithout concerning itself withhow many or how few peoplegot this wealth. Nor does it con-cern itself with the safety of theplanet.

We can at best call economicsa business science, not a socialscience. Social science must ad-dress societal problems, what isgood for people, what is good for

the planet, and it has to offerconcepts which make people’s lifebetter, make the planet safer.

To get to the new world we’llhave to redesign economics, giv-ing it social orientation. It will bea social consciousness driven eco-nomy. It will be an environmentalconsciousness driven economy.

Present economics never recog-nized collective interest. It isbased on self-interest only. If weinclude collective interest intoeconomics, suddenly economicsbecomes different. Then we needtwo different types of businesses,one for profit maximization, an-other for solving the commonproblems of people, with zeropersonal profit. The same personcan do both kinds of businesses.We don’t need two different per-sons to do that. In one business,he takes care of himself, and inthe other business, he takes careof everybody else and the planet.I call this new business socialbusiness. This is the businessdedicated to solving the problemsof the people and the planetwithout any intention of makingpersonal money.

This new economics will be thebasis of building the new world.

You have launched an initiative fora free vaccine that is accessible toall. How do you think it is possibleto subtract medical research, espe-cially in situations like these, fromthe logic of profit?

We should go a little bit deep-er in that question. You see, it’snot correct to say that the com-panies are spending money to de-velop the vaccine. In most casesuniversities put in their knowl-edge, research and creativity, andgovernments pay a lot of moneyfor that research, particularly forvaccine research. Why should theuniversities give up their right?Why should the government giveup its right?

I am not denying companiesfrom getting their fair return oninvestment. We can discuss whatwas the size of investment andwhat should be a fair return in it.They can be paid back to makethe vaccine a global commongood. Ownership has to be with

people not with a company. Itmust be an open source productso that anybody anywhere canproduce it, satisfying all regulat-ory requirements.

If we want to bring it topeople all around the world atthe same time, it must be pro-duced all over the world. Not justin one or two places that we seebeing planned now.

Already one company has de-clared that the first delivery ofvaccine will be given to theUnited States. Another companydeclared that the first deliverywill be given to Europe. Whatabout the rest of the world? Ifyou don’t give the vaccine to therest of the world there will be an-other trouble. It will immediatelycreate a new mega business ofproducing and selling look-alikefake vaccines. Since the genuinevaccine is taking time to reachbillions of people, desperation toaccess will lead to this situation.

People in poor countries will fallvictims to this business of fakevaccines because they cannotcompete with the highest biddersin the genuine vaccine market.

Before such a situation arises,the world must declare the vac-cine as a global common good. Imade an appeal to the worldleaders yesterday co-signed bymany important people fromaround the world.

I am making this Appeal again,through you, to put pressure ongovernments to get this declara-tion made as soon as possible.Make Covid-19 vaccine a globalcommon good. I appeal to PopeFrancis to put his powerful voicebehind it.

As the Pope said, the pandemic, be-sides being a planetary tragedy, rep-resents an opportunity to develop adifferent future. How do you ima-gine this future and how do youthink the new world balance mightbe?

I fully agree with what thePope has said. We have a clearstatement from him: we must notgo back. Pope Francis has to sayit again and again in a very boldway so that it gets heard byeverybody and people can sit upand listen to him. He’s now themoral voice for the whole world.So this is very important that hekeeps insisting on it.

Yes it’s possible to change thisworld. Human beings can dowhatever they want. It is thepower of their will that will makeit happen.

When we decide not to goback we have to develop policies,institutions and facilities to makesure we go to the right direction,and get there quickly. We mustask the governments to redirectthe bailout packages to support

the initiatives dedicated to notgoing back, rather than givingthem to speed up the process ofgoing back.

Resources are not a problem.Resources are already mobilizedfor the wrong purpose. The taskis to put it behind the rightcause.

We must have a new worldbuilt for us. What kind of worldwould that be? It is very clearthat it would be a very differentworld than the world we are com-ing from. In the new world therewill be no global warming. PopeFrancis has already made hisstatement on global warming.Now, we have to make it happen.It’s not just a statement comingfrom the Pope. Now we all haveto get together and make it hap-pen. The new world will be aworld of zero-net carbon emis-sion. That world will be a worldof zero wealth concentration. Thiswill be a world where we’ll besharing the wealth rather thanmonopolizing the wealth the wayit is being done today. It will bea world of zero unemployment.This new world will be almostthe opposite of the present world.Once we know where to go, go-ing there becomes much easier.

For moving to the new world,we have to check which businessis contributing to global warmingor wealth concentration or unem-ployment. We set up checkpointsto stop the wrong businesses get-ting into the new world.

We cannot take the fossil fuelbusiness into the new world. Wetell them you have to come backwith the renewable energy, if youwish to be in the energy business.If you are a pollution creatingcompany, we tell them that youhave to come back with the busi-nesses for creating a circular eco-n o m y.

Do you think this can happen?

If we make up our mind, it canhappen. It’s a question of makingup our mind. We are facing thegreatest existential challenge.When the crisis is at its deepest,we have to come up with themost daring of solutions.

Do you think that spirituality is im-portant for this change, the strengthto achieve this change?

Sure it’s very important.Coronavirus has transformedeverything by creating a situationwhere we cannot get to meet eachother physically. We are made tostay behind doors in our homesand social distancing became partof our lives. While we are de-prived from physical proximitythis becomes a good occasion toachieving spiritual unity.

A conversation with the Nobel laureate, creator of microcredit

The project for a new worldThe vaccine against Covid-19 must be declared a “global common good”

A laboratory set up for the diagnosis ofcoronavirus (Photo: EPS, Madhav K)

I N T E R V I E W

with Muhammad Yunus

page 6 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO Friday, 10 July 2020, number 28

Declaration signed by 114 bishops from around the world

Against corporate abuse

CONTINUED FROM PA G E 1

— or perhaps, for all times.Pope Francis’ entire Pontificate

turns on the axis of brotherhood.“B ro t h e r s ” is precisely the first wordhe addressed to the world as Popeon the evening of 13 March 2013.The dimension of brotherhood is, ifone may say so, in the DNA of thisPontiff who chose the name of thePoverello of Assisi — a man whowanted “friar”, “frater”, “b ro t h e r ”, ashis only title.

The way he defines his relation-ship with Pope emeritus BenedictXVI is also fraternal. After signingthe Document on Human Fraternity,this feature of his Pontificate cer-tainly appears more accentuated andevident to all. Yet, going back overthe first seven years of Pope Francis’Pontificate, we find several mile-stones on the path that led the Popeand the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar,to sign the historic document inAbu Dhabi on 4 February 2019.That path now continues, becausethe event on Arab soil was certainlynot just a point of arrival, but also anew beginning.

Returning to the “Lamp edusaquestion”, it is particularly signific-ant that the Pope took up the samewords again in another highly sym-bolic visit — the one he made to theMilitary Shrine of Redipuglia on thecentenary of the beginning of theFirst World War. Here too, inSeptember 2014, the dialoguebetween God and Cain, after thekilling of his brother Abel, resonatedwith all its drama. “What does it

matter to me? Am I my brother’skeep er?” (cf. Gen 4:9).

For Pope Francis, in that refusalto consider himself as his brother’skeeper, as that of every brother, liesthe root of all the evils that shakehumanity. This attitude, emphasizesthe Pope, “is the exact opposite ofwhat Jesus asks of us in the Gos-pel.... The one who cares for hisbrother or sister enters into the joyof the Lord; the one who does notdo so, however, who by his omis-sions says, ‘What does it matter tome?’ remains excluded”. With theprogression of his Pontificate, we seethat the common belonging to hu-man brotherhood is declined in allits multiform dynamism, rangingfrom ecumenical to interreligioussoil, from the social to the politicaldimension. Once again the polyhe-dron is the figure that best repres-ents Pope Francis’ thought and ac-tion. In fact, brotherhood has manyfacets: as many as there are men andwomen, and relations between them.

Pope Francis spoke of brothers atthe meeting for the Invocation forPeace in the Vatican Gardens withShimon Peres and Abu Mazen.“Your presence”, he emphasized, ad-dressing both the Israeli andPalestinian leaders, “is a great signof brotherhood which you offer aschildren of Abraham. It is also aconcrete expression of trust in God,the Lord of history, who today looksupon all of us as brothers and whodesires to guide us in his ways”.Also in the name of brotherhood,enlivened by a common faith inChrist, was the encounter, whichhad been unthinkable a few years

earlier, of the Bishop of Rome withthe Patriarch of Moscow — an eventblessed by the Patriarch of Con-stantinople, brother Bartholomew I.In Cuba, Francis and Kirill signed aJoint Declaration which, in its open-ing words, emphasizes: with joy “wehave met like brothers in the Christi-an faith who encounter one another‘to speak face to face’”. Brotherhoodis also the key word that allows usto decode one of the most powerfuland surprising acts of his Pontifi-cate: the gesture of kneeling andkissing the feet of the leaders ofSouth Sudan summoned to the Vat-ican for a spiritual and peaceful re-treat. “To you three, who havesigned the peace Agreement”, saidthe Pope with heartfelt words, “Iask, as a brother: remain in peace. Iask you this wholeheartedly. Let usgo forwards”.

So if the Abu Dhabi Declarationrepresents the flowering of seedsplanted at the beginning and thenthroughout the course of his Pontifi-cate, certainly the “epochal change”that we are experiencing, acceleratedby the pandemic, makes it imp era-tive to take responsibility for thequestion of human brotherhood.“Where is your brother?” That ques-tion and appeal, launched on thesunny morning of 8 July 2013 inLampedusa, is “the” question today.The world, convinced that it canmake it on its own and that it cango ahead with the selfish logic of “ithas always been done like this”, hasinstead found itself on the ground,incredulous, and powerless in theface of an invisible and elusive en-emy. Now the world is struggling to

get up because it does not find theright foundation to support itself.This foundation, Pope Francis re-peats to us, is brotherhood. In it arethe only foundations on which tobuild a solid home for humanity.

The coronavirus has dramaticallyshown that no matter how differentthe levels of development among na-tions and income within nations are,we are all vulnerable. We are broth-ers and sisters in the same boat,shaken by the waves of a storm thatstrikes each and every one indiscrim-inately. “In this storm”, said thePope in the rain on 27 March in anempty Saint Peter’s Square, “thefaçade of those stereotypes withwhich we camouflaged our egos, al-ways worrying about our image, hasfallen away, uncovering once morethat (blessed) common belonging, ofwhich we cannot be deprived: ourbelonging as brothers and sisters”.This is what can awaken our some-what anaesthetized consciences inthe face of the many “pandemics”,such as war and hunger, which haveknocked on our doors, but which wedid not care about because theycould not get into the house. “T h e reare many other pandemics that causepeople to die", recalled Pope Francisduring Mass at Santa Marta on 14May, “and we don’t realize it; we arelooking the other way”. Today, justas seven years ago in Lampedusa,the Pope tells us that we must notlook the other way, because if wereally consider ourselves brothersand sisters, members of one another,the other side does not exist. Theother side is us.

A.G.

In a statement released on 6 July on the web-site of the Catholic network ‘InternationalCooperation for Development and Solidarity’,114 bishops from around the world have calledfor “mandatory supply chain due diligence tostop corporate abuse and guarantee globalsolidarity”.

With the outbreak of Covid-19, the state-ment says, “humanity faces an unprecedentedglobal crisis. In addition to the threat to pub-lic health, the economic and social disruptionthreatens the long-term livelihoods and well-b eing” of many. Particularly affected are thoseat the lower end of the global supply chain,many of whom are women, with “millions ofworkers being sent home without pay, socialsecurity or compensation”, the bishops repor-ted.

Among the signatories of the statement areCardinal Jean-Claude Hollerich, Archbishopof Luxembourg and President of the Commis-sion of the Bishops’ Conferences of theEuropean Union; Cardinal Charles MaungBo, Archbishop of Yangon and President ofthe Federation of Asian Bishops’ C o n f e re n c e s ;and Cardinal António Augusto Dos SantosMarto, Bishop of Leiria-Fatima.

Too often, the statement continues, the“private interest of multinational companiesprevails as they fail to step up in solidarity. Ir-responsible companies have long been in-volved in various abuses, by evading taxesthat could serve to build and maintain publicservices such as hospitals or schools, by pol-

luting our soils, water and air, or by beingcomplicit in gross human rights violationsaround the world, like forced and child la-b our”. Now more than ever, the bishopsstressed, “this profit-driven system and thethrowaway culture it brings needs to be chal-lenged”.

A cultural, social and legislative change isrequired in order to dismantle this system:“We believe the laws can succeed in bringingtangible change to communities if they alsoinclude enhanced access to judicial remedy forvictims, in order to comply with states’ dutyto protect against corporate human rights ab-

uses such as land grabbing, the killing of hu-man rights defenders, forced and child labour,gender-based violence, and environmental de-gradation and deforestation”.

The bishops call on all governments to in-troduce mandatory due diligence in their le-gislation that will “improve the possibilities ofaffected people to claim for compensation innational civil courts”. The coronavirus crisis,the statement concludes, “should be taken asan opportunity to start a just transition and toput in place a new economic system thatserves people and the planet first”.

‘Where is your brother?’

number 28, Friday, 10 July 2020 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO page 7

Remembering Capuchin Friar Francis Nadeem

A man of God

According to the GospelPapua New Guinea and Solomon Islands commemorate Blessed Peter To Rot

Some 20 years ago FatherNadeem started a Committee for In-terreligious Dialogue in Lahorewhich brought together Christianrepresentatives of other confessionsfor meetings, cultural events, prayerencounters, concrete gestures ofcloseness between believers andleaders of various faiths. In 2006 theCapuchin friar received the PakistanCivil Award for this laudable work,and was then called by the bishopsto continue in this work. Throughthe years he created a virtuous net-work of people, Christian institu-tions, and Koran schools (madrass-as), cultural centres and associationsthat identify with the message ofpeace and harmony. The aim of thisnetwork is to defuse the hatred, viol-ence and prejudice circulating inPakistani society by promoting dia-logue, respect and welcomingamong Muslims (who make up 90%of Pakistan’s 200 million inhabit-ants) and the Christian and Hindureligious minorities.

By the age of 20 Francis Nadeemhad already become a Franciscan fri-ar, listening to God’s call to followin the footsteps of the Poverello ofAssisi. His confreres appreciated himvery early on, choosing him as Vice-Provincial for two triennial terms,then as Provincial for another two(the latter of which began in 2017),trusting in his “good leadership”, hishumility, his capacity for listeningand mediation, his evangelical spiritas a true Franciscan, and his peace-ful heart which was full of God’sgrace.

PAOLO AF FATAT O

To be a “man of God” means to beready for dialogue and listening, tofeel respect and empathy, to pro-mote peace, reconciliation and har-mony in human relationships,among people of different culturesand religions. This is the legacy ofFr Francis Nadeem, a Capuchin friarwho died on 3 July in Pakistan atthe age of 65 after a long ordealwith dialysis and a heart attack.Nadeem, who lived in Lahore, capit-al of the Punjab province, was theCapuchin Provincial in the “land ofthe pure” and, given his invaluablededication in the field of relationswith leaders and communities ofother faiths, he was called by thebishops to coordinate the episcopalCommission for Interreligious Dia-logue and Ecumenism. He was athome in mosques and madrassas,and numerous Islamic religious lead-ers appreciated his meekness, pa-tience, openness, pure and authenticfaith, Franciscan spirit of “certainhope and perfect charity”. His workand presence were extremely helpfulto Pakistani society, which was in-fected with the virus of fanaticismand shaken by the shifty flow ofhatred and religious violence.

Francis Nadeem was part of agroup of some 600 Franciscans inPakistan, including men and womenreligious, sisters and lay people wholive “the spirit of Assisi”, a synonymfor welcoming every human being.Their presence, a legacy of the mis-sions established in the subcontinentby Capuchin friars at the end of the

19th century, is characterized by acommitment to justice and peace. Itmeans offering, often silently, con-stant support to those who sufferdiscrimination, injustice, persecu-tion, poverty. Franciscans, as thepriest used to say, “put the Gospelinto practice and live the cultureand spirit of mercy, which is a com-mon value of Islam and Christian-ity”. This was not simply a verbalpronouncement but the very life ofthe friar, as evidenced by the experi-ence of a genuine friendship thatNadeem cultivated with Shafaat Ra-sool, the leader of a Sufi communityin Pakistan. It was a solid and deeprelationship that surpassed the con-fines of their different faiths to getto the roots of their common hu-manity. Recalling Fr Francis withemotion, Rasool explained to L’Os-servatore Romano: “Our friendshipwas based on the conviction that themystical experience, be it Christian,Muslim or of another creed, unitesin the desire for and promotion ofpeace, the supreme universal value,because ‘p eace’ is the name ofGo d”. For both of them, he recalled,there was an event in history thatconstituted a principal referencepoint and which, mutatis mutandis,highlighted their relationship: themeeting between Francis of Assisiand Sultan Malik al-Kamil, whichtook place in 1219 in Damietta,Egypt, during the time of the fifthcrusade: “The protagonists of thattime rejected any rationale of sub-jugation, choosing the experience ofencounter, recognizing in the othernot an enemy to eliminate but a per-

son to listen to and welcome”. Thefriendship between the friar and theimam, in a land wounded by ex-tremism and religious hatred, was aseed cast on a sometimes fertile,sometimes thorny soil: “Our com-mon commitment to interfaith dia-logue, understood as the relation-ship between men of prayer and as apowerful instrument of peace,proves that in Pakistan, a harmoni-ous, respectful and tolerant societyis a feasible reality”, Rasool ob-served. Francis “was always veryhumble and patient with me. Ourrelationship gradually strengthenedwith dialogue and frequent visits toeach other. Thanks to his humilityand patience it became a genuinefriendship, based on spirituality.This is how we began working to-gether for interreligious dialogue.For years we were side by side inthis work, to build the commongood of the country”, he emphas-ized, moved by his emotions.

Friar Nadeem (left)with his friend Shafaat Rasool

Seventy-five years after the martyrdom of PeterTo Rot and 25 years since his beatification, theCatholic Bishops Conference of Papua NewGuinea and Solomon Islands (CBC PNGSI) con-cluded its annual General Assembly onThursday, 2 July, with a Mass celebrating thelife, example and witness of Peter To Rot, thefirst Blessed in Papua New Guinea’s history.Bishops, men and women religious and laypeople remembered him at a Mass celebratedby Archbishop Anton Bal of Mandang, thenewly elected President of the CBC PNGSI; Car-dinal John Ribat, MSC, Archbishop of PortMoresby; Archbishop Rochus Josef Tatamai,MSC, of Rabaul, outgoing President of theBishops Conference; and Bishop Otto Separyof Bereina, the newly elected Vice President ofthe Conference.

During his homily, Archbishop Tatamai,who is a close descendant of the Blessed’s fam-ily, described To Rot as a radiant example ofholiness in the daily life of lay people and fam-ilies, a man of courage and fortitude in hisfaith and in his determination to follow JesusChrist with his life, unto death.

Archbishop Tatamai, Agenzia Fides rep orts,retraced the Blessed’s life from the momentthat his parents became first generation Chris-

tians (when the missionaries landed onMatupit Island in 1882). Peter To Rot was asecond generation Christian who followed inhis parents’ footsteps. He was a family man,who worked hard, with discipline and obedi-ence, to become a good teacher and catechist.He lived the life of husband and father in ac-cordance with the teachings of the Gospel, de-fending the values of matrimony and resistingthe traditional culture of polygamy as well asthe laws of Japan’s Imperial army. When reli-gious activities were banned in March 1944, anorder which Peter found unacceptable, he builtan underground shelter on his property to ad-minister the Sacraments regularly. He died amartyr, defending his Christian faith.

To Rot left behind many great examples ofobedience and exemplary family life, Archbish-op Tatamai said, and he lived and representedhis faith even when some members of his fam-ily betrayed him. Lay people in particular, theprelate added, are challenged to carry forth hisexample especially in today’s difficult and un-certain times, persevering in the pastoral workof teaching and catechesis. ArchbishopTatamai urged the faithful to be resilient andto continue to grow in the faith during thelockdown caused by Covid-19.During the beatification of Peter To Rot, 17 January 1995

page 8 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO Friday, 10 July 2020, number 28

ANGELUS

After reciting the Angelus with the faithful gathered in Saint Peter’sSquare on Sunday, 5 July, the Holy Father made an appeal for a“global and immediate ceasefire” to guarantee “humanitarian assistance”to people living in war-torn areas that are being affected by thepandemic, echoing the United Nations Security Council’s Resolution foran end to hostilities. Earlier Pope Francis had commented on the day’sGospel Reading (Mt 11:25-30). The following is a translation of hisreflection, which he shared in Italian.

Global immediate ceasefire to fight the pandemicPope calls for implementation of UN Resolution for humanitarian aid to those affected by the virus

Dear Brothers and Sisters,Good morning!This Sunday’s Gospel reading (cf.Mt 11:25-30) is divided into threeparts: first of all, Jesus raises aprayer of blessing and thanksgiv-ing to the Father because he re-vealed the mystery of the King-dom of Heaven to the poor andto the simple; then he reveals theintimate and unique relationshipbetween himself and the Father;and finally he invites us to go tohim and to follow him to findsolace.

In the first place, Jesus praisesthe Father because he has keptthe secrets of his Kingdom, of histruth, hidden “from the wise andunderstanding” (v. 25). He callsthem so with a veil of irony be-cause they presume to be wise,understanding, and therefore,very often, have a closed heart.True wisdom also comes from theheart. It is not only a matter ofunderstanding ideas: true wisdomalso enters the heart. And if youknow many things but have aclosed heart, you are not wise.Jesus tells them that his Father’smysteries are revealed to the“little ones”, to those who confi-dently open themselves to his

Word of salvation, who opentheir heart to the Word of salva-tion, who feel the need for himand await everything from him.The heart that is open and trust-ful towards the Lord.

Then, Jesus explains that hehas received everything from theFather, and calls him “my Fath-er”, to affirm the unique nature ofhis relationship with him. Indeed,only between the Son and theFather is there total reciprocity:each one knows the other, eachone lives in the other. But thisunique communion is like aflower that blossoms to freely re-veal its beauty and its goodness.And here then is Jesus’ invitation:“Come to me…” (v. 28). Hewishes to give what he receivesfrom the Father. He wants to giveus Truth, and Jesus’ Truth is al-ways free: it is a gift, it is theHoly Spirit, the Truth.

Just as the Father has a prefer-ence for the “little ones”, Jesusalso addresses those “who labourand are heavy laden”. Indeed, heplaces himself among them, be-cause he is “gentle and lowly inheart” (v. 29): this is how he de-scribes himself. It is the same inthe first and third Beatitudes,that of the humble and poor in

spirit, and that of the meek (cf.Mt 5:35): the meekness of Jesus.In this way Jesus, “meek andhumble”, is not a model for theresigned, nor is he simply a vic-tim, but rather he is the Manwho lives this condition “from theheart” in full transparency to thelove of the Father, that is, to theHoly Spirit. He is the model ofthe “poor in spirit” and of all theother “blesseds” of the Gospel,who carry out God’s will andbear witness to his Kingdom.

And then, Jesus says that if wego to him, we will find rest. The“re s t ” that Christ offers to theweary and oppressed is not merelypsychological solace or donatedcharity, but the joy of the poorwho are evangelized and arebuilders of the new humanity: thisis solace. Joy. The joy that Jesusgives us. It is unique. It is the joythat he himself has. It is a mes-sage for all of us, for all people ofgood will, which Jesus still con-veys today in the world that exaltsthose who become rich andpowerful.... But how often do wesay, “Ah, I would like to be likehim, or like her, who is rich, has alot of power, lacks nothing…”.The world exalts those who arerich and powerful, no matter by

what means, and at timestramples upon the human beingand his or her dignity. And we seethis every day, the poor trampledunderfoot.... And it is a messagefor the Church, called to liveworks of mercy and to evangelizethe poor, to be meek and humble.This is how the Lord wants hisChurch, that is, us, to be.

May Mary, the humblest andhighest of creatures, implore fromGod wisdom of heart for us, sothat we may discern his signs inour lives and be participants inthose mysteries which, hiddenfrom the proud, are revealed tothe humble.

After the Angelus, the Holy Fathercontinued:

Dear brothers and sisters, thisweek the United Nations SecurityCouncil adopted a Resolutionwhich organizes some measuresto deal with the devastating con-sequences of the Covid-19 virus,particularly for areas that arealready theatres of war. It is acommendable request for a globaland immediate ceasefire, whichwould allow the peace and secur-ity necessary to provide the hu-manitarian assistance so urgentlyneeded. I hope that this decisionwill be implemented effectivelyand promptly for the good of themany people who are suffering.May this Security Council Resol-ution become a courageous firststep towards a peaceful future.

I warmly greet all of you,people of Rome and pilgrimsfrom various countries. I greet thePoles in particular: welcome! AndI bless the large pilgrimage of theRadio Maria family to the Shrineof Częstochowa, which will takeplace next Saturday, during thecentenary of the birth of SaintJohn Paul II, whose motto was “Iam all yours, Mary”. A blessingto that pilgrimage.

And I wish everyone a happySunday. Please, do not forget topray for me. Enjoy your lunch.Ar r i v e d e rc i !

A Magisterium for peaceCONTINUED FROM PA G E 1

national leaders, that with wisdom,solicitude and generosity they maycome to the aid of those lackingthe basic necessities of life and maydevise social and economic solu-tions inspired by farsightednessand solidarity”. May “Mary MostHoly, stir our consciences, so thatthe enormous funds invested in de-veloping and stockpiling arms willinstead be spent on promoting ef-fective research on how to preventsimilar tragedies from occurring inthe future”.

Many times on various occa-sions, in preceding years, Francishad denounced the “hyp o crisy”and “sin” of the leaders of thosecountries who “speak of peace and

sell weapons to wage these wars”.Words he also repeated upon re-turning from his last internationaljourney to Thailand and Japan, be-fore the outbreak of the pandemic:“In Nagasaki and Hiroshima Ipaused in prayer; I met some sur-vivors and relatives of victims, andI renewed my firm condemnationof nuclear weapons and the hyp o c-risy of talking about peace whilebuilding and selling weaponry”.

According to an Oxfam report,in 2019 global military spendinghad grown to 2 billion dollars andcurrently there are 2 billion humanbeings trapped in countries war-torn and worn out by violence,persecution, famine, and now alsoby the emergency of the pandemic.(A.T.)