okfkZd izfrosnu - IIWBR Annual Report 2013-14.pdf · of Project Director, Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. PREFACE It is indeed a privilege to place before you the Annual Report

okf"kZd izfrosnuAnnuAl report

2013-14

xsgw° vuqla/kku funs'kky;(Hkkjrh; Ïf"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn~)

djuky &132001] gfj;k.kk] HkkjrDIRECTORATE OF WHEAT RESEARCH

(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)Karnal - 132001, Haryana, India

Correct Citation :Annual Report 2013 - 14 Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal - 132001 (India)

Edited by : Arun Gupta, RS Chhokar, Suman Lata, Sonia Sheoran, K Venkatesh, Sendhil R and Indu Sharma

Compiled by : V Tiwari (Crop Improvement), MS Saharan (Crop Protection), RK Sharma (Resource Management), RK Gupta (Quality & Basic Sciences), Randhir Singh (Social Sciences), AS Kharub (Barley Network), SC Bhardwaj (Regional Station, Flowerdale), Rajender Singh (Regional Station, Dalang Maidan)

Published by : Project Director Directorate of Wheat Research Karnal – 132 001, Haryana, India Tel. : 0184-2267490, Fax : 0184-2267390 E-mail : [email protected] Website : www.dwr.in

Photography : Rajinder Kumar Sharma

Copies : 500

Designed & Printed by : Intech Printers & Publishers # 343, (1st Floor), Karan Shopping Complex Mughal Canal, Karnal - 132 001 0184-4043541; 91 9315 780 004 Email: [email protected]

© No part of this report can be reproduced without the prior permission of Project Director, Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal

PREFACE

It is indeed a privilege to place before you the Annual Report of the Directorate of Wheat Research for the year 2013-14. This is third report after I have taken over charge as the Project Director. In wheat production front, the year 2012-13 was again a successful year. This year also the country has produced a surplus quantity of wheat estimated at 93.51 mt from 30 mha area. On the other hand, area under barley cultivation has been stabilized around 0.7 mha during last five years, whereas, national productivity has increased from 23.94 q/ha to 25.21 q/ha. The occurrence of wheat rusts were tracked effectively from all across the country, however, except for the occurrence of yellow rust in high intensity in some areas of Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, there was no major incidence of other rusts. In totality there was no significant loss caused by wheat rusts in India.

The year also witnessed steady progress on research frontier marked with release and notification of 12 new high yielding, disease resistant wheat and 4 barley varieties for cultivation in different production conditions from the central committee. About 27,502 q breeder seed of 162 wheat varieties were produced and distributed. Three advanced breeding lines of wheat and one barley line developed at DWR have been identified for possible release. Two new special trials for yield evaluation of bio-fortified wheat and varieties improved through marker assisted backcross breeding were initiated during the year. Several proven crop production and protection technologies along with potential of new varieties were demonstrated on farmers’ field in more than 676 ha area under front line demonstrations. The year also witnessed export of over 5 mt of wheat by Food Corporation of India consecutively for the second year. The Directorate organized number of trainings on the upcoming areas of interest.

Globally, food and nutrition security is a pressing contemporary issue and has been a major agenda for many developing countries. India being a developing country, the focus on food and nutrition security receives much more attention including the recent implementation of National Food Security Ordinance, 2013 which targets food for vulnerable sections at subsidized rates. With a limited scope for area expansion for both the mandate crops and keeping in view the identified production challenges ahead, the Directorate has to fulfil the interest of the stakeholders’ by resetting its research priorities. The challenge for the research community, therefore, is to reorient their research and extension strategies and continue their concerted efforts in increasing the productivity of both wheat and barley to meet the domestic and global demand. This report highlights the various research and technological developments that took place in 2013-14 along with other salient organizational activities.

Date: June 10, 2014 (Indu Sharma) Place: Karnal

Contents

Executive Summary i-vii

Organogram viii

Research Achievements

Crop Improvement 1-24

Crop Protection 25-31

Resource Management 32-38

Quality and Basic Sciences 39-46

Social Sciences 47-54

Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla 55-58

Regional Station, Dalang Maidan, Lahaul Spiti 59

Barley Network 60-73

Other Institutional Activities

Workshops/Conferences/Meetings/Trainings and 74-78 Special Activities Organised

Extension Activities 79-80

Awards and Recognitions 81-82

Distinguished Visitors 83-84

Participation by Scientists in Trainings/Symposia/Workshops/ 85-87 Conferences/Meetings

Research Projects 88-91

Publications 92-101

fgUnh dk;ZØeksa ij fooj.k 102-104

Personnel 105-106

Staff Position and Finance 107

Joinings, Promotions, Transfers and Retirements 108

Co

nte

nts

iDWR Annual Report 2013-14

In India, the wheat research started in an organized manner exactly hundred and eight years ago during British period after joining of Sir Howards as the Imperial Botanist at Pusa (Bihar) in 1905. Later on with the establishment of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, it became the main funding agency and promoter of wheat research in India and the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) played an important role for the wheat Research related activities. An important milestone in this process was the establishment of the All India Coordinated Wheat Improvement Project (AICWIP) in 1965 by the ICAR. The AICWIP was elevated to the status of the Directorate of Wheat Research in 1978 and in 1990 it moved from IARI, New Delhi, to its present location at Karnal, 130 km north of Delhi along with two regional stations located at Flowerdale, Shimla and Dalang Maidan (Lahaul valley). By doing so, the ICAR formalised the estab lishment of a distinct institutional identity for the second most important cereal crop of the country.

The significant achievements made by the Directorate during 2013-14 are summarized here:

Crop Improvement• Twelve new wheat varieties namely HPW349,

HD3059, WH1105, DBW71, HI8713 (Pusa Mangal) (Durum), UAS304, MP3336, DBW71, K0402, NW4018 (Narendra Wheat 4018), DBW90, HD3086 (Pusa Gautami), DBW88, HD3090 (Pusa Amulya) and HD5216 were released by the Central Sub-Committee on Crops Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops (CVRC) for different production conditions of the country.

• Twelve new wheat varieties namely, HS542, HD3086, DBW88, DBW90, WH1124, PBW660, NW5054, K1006, MACS6478, HD3090, DBW93 and HW1098 (dicoccum) were identified for release by the varietal identification committee during the 52nd All India Wheat and Barley Research Workers’ Meet held at Kanpur in September 2013.

• A surplus production of 6259.3q breeder seed was produced with total production of 27501.69q for 154 wheat varieties against DAC indent of 21242.40q by 28 seed production centres. In addition, 1659.86q nucleus seed of 149 varieties was also produced.

• Four genetic stocks of wheat viz. HW3601, HW3631, UP2672 and DBQW1 were registered for specific traits at NBPGR, New Delhi.

• Wheat varieties DBW 88 & DBW90 developed by the Directorate for irrigated timely sown and late

sown conditions of NWPZ were released by the CVRC.

• DWR wheat variety DBW 93 was identified for timely sown, restricted irrigation condition of PZ by the Varietal identification Committee during 52nd Wheat workshop at CSAUA&T, Kanpur in September, 2013.

• In coordinated multilocational yield evaluation trials, 538 entries along with 69 check varieties were evaluated for yield, diseases, quality and agronomic characteristics in 38 trial series. A total of 464 trials were conducted at 131 centres spread across six wheat growing zones of the country out of which the data from 371 trials were reported based on set norms.

• Among the 176 genotypes evaluated in various AVTs in coordinated trials conducted in different zones, 31 genotypes were found superior to the check varieties on the basis of yield and response to rusts.

• A total of 301 entries in different NIVTs and 41 in IVTs were evaluated and 72 entries (56 bread wheat and 16 durum wheat) were found promising for yielding ability and disease resistance

• The sets of fourteen nurseries/trials from CIMMYT, Mexico were planted at different co-operating centres for identification of suitable genotypes for different production conditions.

• Six national nurseries comprising of 421 germplasm lines and two segregating nurseries comprising 124 segregating lines were shared with cooperating centres for further utilization in wheat improvement programme. Promising genotypes were identified based on 3 years evaluation from different nurseries for utilization as genetic stocks.

• Wheat and Barley field day was organized on April 4, 2013 and March 21, 2014 at Karnal for on-site selection of germplasm by scientists from various co-operating centres.

• Twenty bread wheat genotypes and four durum wheat developed under different breeding programmes of DWR were promoted from station trials to different NIVTs; 9 bread wheat and 2 durum wheat genotypes were promoted from NIVTs to AVTs and two genotypes namely DBW 107 and DBW 110 were promoted to final year of AVT trials.

• More than 1000 crosses were attempted under various projects during the year and more than six hundred breeding lines were shared with cooperating centres for target specific evaluation under shuttle breeding programme.

• For incorporating resistance to Ug99 in advanced genotypes, 46 cross combinations were made

eXeCUtIVe sUMMARY

exeC

uti

ve s

um

ma

ry

ii DWR Annual Report 2013-14

with FLW2, FLW 3, FLW 6, FLW 8, FLW 9, FLW 11, FLW 12, FLW 13, FLW 20 and FLW 24 as donor parents.

• The applications of 10 wheat varieties for registration under extant category were prepared and submitted to the PPV&FRA, New Delhi.

• Seventeen exotic accessions including T. baeoticum, T. dicoccum and salt tolerant wheat lines from CIMMYT; T. turgidum (alien disomic substitution 1e (1b) l) lines from USDA and inter-specific crosses from Nottingham University, UK were received. A total of 1479 accessions were also supplied to various indenters within India.

• Five hundred indigenous and exotic accessions of wheat comprising of 437 T. aestivum, 41 T. durum, 3 T. dicoccum, 17 T. polonicum and 2 T. sphaerococcum were characterised as per DUS testing guidelines and promising accessions were identified for various yield contributing characteristics.

• 11,500 germplasm accessions are being conserved in medium term storage module (4oC and RH 30-35%) at the Directorate and a duplicate set of 8697 accessions is being conserved under natural condition at DWR Regional Station, Dalang Maidan.

• Ph1b mutant gene of Chinese spring wheat genotype is being introgressed into bread wheat cultivars PBW502, DBW16 and tetraploid durum wheat HI8498 by checking multivalent chromosome pairing at meiotic MI.

• Seventy-five synthetic wheat lines were evaluated for heat tolerance under polyhouse and field conditions and promising abiotic stress tolerant lines were identified. Chlorophyll fluorescence and content was determined in ninety-six accessions of wild species.

• 2044 recombinant inbred lines involving 9 cross combinations were developed for genetical studies on heat and drought tolerance.

• Epicuticular wax concentration in Indian wheat genotypes was estimated for studying its relationship with drought and heat tolerance. Effect of elevated night temperature at different growth stages was also studied in six wheat varieties.

• Based on two year studies, genotypes IC31488, IC31488A, IC78856, IC78753B, IC28938B, IC36761A, IC57889B, IC28661, IC78869A and IC41504 were found less sensitive to both drought and heat stresses.

• A total of 120 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers out of 700 SSR were found polymorphic while screening parental lines Sonalika & BH1146 for tagging major QTLs associated with spot blotch resistance in wheat.

• Biochemical parameters viz. phenol peroxidase activity and lignin content were found to be associated with the spot blotch resistance in wheat.

• Genetic diversity among 319 Indian wheat varieties was studied using SSR markers. Higher level of genetic diversity was observed in the cultivars belonging to research station: JNKVV Powarkheda, IARI RRS Shimla, DWR RRS Shimla, DWR Karnal, CCSHAU Hisar, IARI New Delhi and PAU Ludhiana.

• Expression profile of selected abiotic stress-responsive miRNAs was examined in the variety C-306. The accumulation of miR393, miR1029, and miR172 plays an important role in mitigating drought stress responses in wheat.

• Variability in yield related traits (plant height, tiller numbers, thousand grains weight and number of seeds/spike) was recorded on individual M2 (TILLING population) plants. A large variation was observed in number of tillers/plant which ranged from 1-35. Few lines (0.35%) had more than 70 seeds per spike with normal seed size as their thousand grains weight ranged between 34.8-43.8g.

• SNPs identified in Acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene conferring clodinafop resistance in Phalaris minor. Two non-synonymous mutations were found in the resistant and susceptible types of Phalaris minor.

• On the basis of APR and SRT data, Indian wheat varieties for NHZ and NEPZ regions were characterized at molecular level using Sr gene specific markers.

• Genotypic variations in the expression profile of antioxidant enzyme genes in drought tolerant and susceptible genotypes were studied at anthesis stage. In comparison to non-stressed plants, the expression level of MnSOD was upregulated while FeSOD and Cu-ZnSOD was relatively constant in C306 under water stress.

Crop Protection• The sources of resistance (multiple disease/

pest resistant sources) were identified through multilocation hot spot evaluation. These are made available to the breeders through NGSN, which has helped in diversification and enhancement of resistance level.

• Indian wheat advance lines (200) were evaluated at Kenya and Ethiopia for resistance against Ug99. Slow ruster lines were identified for leaf rust and stripe rust resistance at Karnal.

• Forty entries possessing multiple disease and insect pests resistance were contributed in the NGSN, 2012-13 which was planted at 20 breeding centers across different agro climatic

exeC

uti

ve s

um

ma

ry

iiiDWR Annual Report 2013-14

zones of country for their utilization in breeding for resistance to biotic stresses. The entries utilized 20% or more by various centres were HUW629, VL943, VL944, HS525, PBW617, DBW60, HUW638, RAJ4201, RAJ4205, DBW62, HS533, KRL250, UAS327, HPW289, VL931, HI1569, WH1094, HPW338, HPW347, PBW635, PBW640, NW4091 and VL930.

• The overall crop health was good except occurrence of yellow rust recorded in few districts of Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand and J&K.

• A total of 8004 grain samples were analysed for Karnal bunt infection and it was higher than the preceding year. Samples received from central and peninsular India were found free from KB.

• Compatibility among monosporidial lines of Tilletia indica isolates was studied on susceptible host cultivars HD2009 and WL711. Genetic variation Tilletia indica isolates / monosporidial lines was studied through RAPD and ISSR markers.

• Pathogenic variation among Fusarium graminearum isolates was studied on a set of wheat varieties under artificially inoculated conditions.

• During the period, 141 leaf blight samples collected from various wheat growing regions were analysed for associated leaf blight pathogens. Most of the samples yielded Bipolaris sorokiniana (84 nos.) followed by Alternaria triticina (59 nos.), Alternaria alternata and Pyrenophora triticina (50 samples each). In North Western Plain Zone and North Eastern Plain Zone, Bipolaris sorokiniana is predominant pathogen and in Peninsular Zone (PZ), Alternaria triticina was dominant over Bipolaris sorokiniana.

• The diseases and pests like powdery mildew, root aphid and termites were more under FIRBS, whereas powdery mildew, Karnal bunt and termites showed low incidence under zero tillage.

• A training course on “Techniques and Procedures in Crop Health Monitoring and Field Evaluation of Host Resistance in Wheat and Barley” has been organized for the co-operators of AICW&BIP at DWR, Karnal from January 29-31, 2014.

• Wheat Crop Health Newsletter was issued during the crop season and advisory for stripe rust management was issued as per need.

Resource Management• Direct drilling and no-till transplanting gave

significantly lower rice yields compared to puddle transplanting.

• Tillage in rice and wheat had non-significant effects on wheat productivity.

• In long term studies, the soil organic carbon percentage increased with residue retention and incorporation treatments, whereas burning of crop residue resulted in marginal decrease in organic carbon status of the soil.

• The wheat yield obtained was generally higher where crop residue was retained on the soil surface compared to residue free treatment.

• Application of organic sources of nutrients (30 t FYM/ha) significantly increased the grain yield of wheat as compared to control (no organic or chemical fertilizer) treatment and found at par with recommended NPK in wheat variety C 306.

• Integrated nutrient management involving combination of major nutrients + FYM 15 t/ha resulted in the highest wheat grain yield and was followed by the combination of major nutrients + green manuring.

• Nitrogen application in three splits just before irrigation was better compared to when applied after irrigation.

• In natural nitrification inhibitors trial, applications of 1000 ppm Karanj oil and Meliacin coated urea at 120 kg N/ha gave statistically at par yield to 150 kg N/ha indicating higher nitrogen use efficiency.

• Skipping of P application in rice or wheat produced similar rice and wheat productivity.

• Wheat yield increased up to 150% NPK + 15 t/ha FYM application.

• Rice straw incorporation needs 25% higher nitrogen to produce maximum wheat yield.

• Equivalent wheat yield was maximum in case of 6:1 wheat: canola/mustard intercrop.

• Pyroxasulfone can be effectively used for control of grassy weeds (P. minor and wild oat). This herbicide was also effective in controlling the multiple herbicide resistant populations of P. minor. However, its efficacy depends on the straw management. Straw burning drastically reduces the efficacy of this herbicide.

• Tank mix application of carfentrazone (20 g ha-1) with metsulfuron (4 g ha-1) effectively controls the problematic broad leaf weeds Solanum nigrum and Physalis minima.

• The adjuvants, Outright 35, ADsee AB 650, Polyglycol 26-2N and Cationic surfactant- Leader Mix were effective in improving the efficacy of most of the rice and wheat herbicides.

• Irrigation scheduling at 70, 80 kPa (centibars) or at critical crop growth stages produced statistically similar yield.

• Matriconditioning of seeds and pre-germinated seeds produced significantly higher grain yield over unprimed seed.

exeC

uti

ve s

um

ma

ry

iv DWR Annual Report 2013-14

Quality and Basic Sciences• Several T. aestivum genotypes namely, Raj4250,

MACS6478, HD3093, GW432, C306, PBW175, HI1563, K8027, HD2888, HD2864, Raj4238, MP3336, HI1500, NIAW34 and NIAW1415 were found promising for chapatti quality scoring >8.0/10.0.

• Wheat genotypes viz. HD3090, GW432, DBW93, NW2036, HD2932, Raj4083, NIAW34, NIAW1415 and N 5439 were found suitable for bread quality recording 575 ml loaf volume.

• One genotype HS490 was found good for biscuit quality recording >10.0 spread factor.

• T. durum wheat genotypes, MPO1255, HI8713, PDW314 and HI8627 were rated good for pasta products scoring 7.2/9.0 on hedonic scale.

• High molecular weight glutenin subunits were determined in all the AVT entries including checks at Glu A1, Glu B1 and Glu D1.

• Apart from identifying promising genotypes for individual quality traits including nutritional parameters, their variability in the country was also ascertained.

• Promising genotypes were selected from NIVTs namely NW6002 from NIVT 1A (new) for NWPZ. From NIVT 2, the selected entries were HI1594 and GW452 for CZ.

• Quality Component Screening Nursery comprising of 52 test entries were evaluated at 15 locations and promising genotypes were identified for quality traits.

• To improve the chapatti, biscuit and bread quality, superior combinations were identified in an attempt to improve protein content, grain hardness, gluten strength and grain size. Generations were advanced based on yield attributes, disease resistance and quality traits using summer nursery facilities. Promising advance lines have been identified.

• To combine prominent quality traits related chapatti, bread and biscuit with yield and disease resistance, more than 400 new crosses were attempted and several hundred progenies belonging to different generations were advanced using summer nursery facilities.

• The entry, DBW98 qualified for AVT (TS) of NEPZ. Similarly, two entries, DBW 145 for NIVT 1B and DBW146 for NIVT 2 were also selected.

• Promising lines were identified from various nurseries viz. NGSN (106 lines), EIGN-I (108 lines) and EIGN-II (73 lines) grown at DWR Research Farm, Karnal and analysed for processing & nutritional quality parameters and also did the molecular characterization.

• Several wheat cultivars (142) were evaluated for glutenin subunits and their relationship with chemical and rheological quality traits was studied.

• Variation in phytic acid content has been determined in the mutant population in the background of PBW502.

• Nap Hal and other soft germplasm lines have been utilized for the improvement of biscuit quality, using back crossing and molecular marker assisted selection (MAS).

• Antioxidant activity of released barley varieties has been determined. Effect of malting on antioxidant activity and phenolic content of barley has also been studied.

• The role of mi RNAs involved in abiotic stress response has been studied in wheat variety C 306.

• More than 7000 wheat grain samples from Food corporation of India (Punjab, Haryana and M.P.) have been analysed to facilitate the export of >6.0 million tonnes of wheat during last two years.

Social Sciences• During 2012-13 crop season, 850 Wheat Front Line

Demonstrations were allotted to 84 coordinating centre out of which 666 were conducted in 18 states on 1736 farmers’ covering an area of 676 hectares area.

• The maximum number of WFLDs were conducted in UP (83) followed by Haryana (80), Bihar (70), J&K (57), Maharashtra (48), Gujarat (44), Rajasthan (40), Karnataka (34), HP (32), MP (30), Chhattisgarh (30), Jharkhand (30) and Punjab (20).

• The maximum yield gain was observed in MP (39.18%) followed by Chhattisgarh (38.53%), Jharkhand (38.00%), J&K (27.01%), Uttarakhand (24.46%), Maharashtra (21.93%), Karnataka (16.86%), West Bengal (14.41%), HP (14.24%), UP (13.70%), Gujarat (12.90%), Rajasthan (12.87%), Assam (9.92%), Bihar (9.44%), Delhi (8.92%), Haryana (6.66%) and Punjab (6.23%).

• The yield gain due to improved varieties was highest in NHZ (53.88%) followed by CZ (39.94%), NEPZ (34.81%), PZ (28.42%) and NWPZ (22.74%).

• In case of improved durum varieties, PDW314 gave a yield of 50.83q/ha at Ludhiana centre. HI8663 gave a significant yield of 50.80 q/ha at Indore followed by MPO1215 at Bastar (24.00 q/ha) in CZ and Godawari (46.00 q/ha) in PZ at Niphad centre.

• In NHZ, at Dhaulakuan center, improved variety HS490 yielded 40.58 q/ha which was significantly higher than the check varieties, followed by VL892 (36.44 q/ha) and VL907 (36.13 q/ha) at Almora center and HS507 (32.05 q/ha) at Rajouri centre. The variety HD3043 yielded 44.25 q/ha at IARI, New Delhi. In CZ, MP3288

exeC

uti

ve s

um

ma

ry

vDWR Annual Report 2013-14

variety gave yield of 40.00 q/ha at Banswara centre and 38.25 q/ha at Jabalpur center.

• FLDs on bio-fertilizer (Azotobactor & PSB) along with 100 % inorganic fertilizer as compared to check (100% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer) showed that the yield gain was significant at Kanpur (03.33%) and Nawada (03.64%) centre in NEPZ.

• Zero tillage gave highest significant yield gain of 73.17% at BAU, Ranchi center in NEPZ and lowest yield was recorded at Gurdaspur (5.60%) in NWPZ. There was increase in yield under zero tillage WFLDs over check at all other centers but it was non-significant.

• Infestation of weeds such as Phalaris minor, Chenopodium album, Avena ludoviciana, Rumex dentatus, Anagalis arvensis were found as the major weeds affecting wheat production of the country. Among diseases, yellow rust was the most serious constraint. Small land holdings, late sowing, low plant population, rodents, high temperature, poor quality seeds and high cost of inputs were the other serious constraints affecting wheat production in the country.

• During the rabi crop season 2012-13, 100 barley front line demonstrations (BFLDs) were allotted to 11 different Barley Network centers in six states namely, HP, UP, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and MP of which 71 were conducted by 9 network centers.

• The highest increase in barley yield was recorded in Himachal Pradesh (34.70%) followed by MP (32.47%), UP (22.96%), Punjab (12.93%) and Haryana (09.52%). The lowest increase in yield was reported in Rajasthan (06.32%)

• Over all analysis of constraints in different zones clearly indicated that aphid, Chenopodium album, Phalaris minor, termite, Convolvulus arvensis, Rumex dentatus, small land holdings, leaf blight, loose smut, aphid and high temperature at maturity were identified as major constraints affecting barley production and productivity of the country.

• Economic analysis of technologies demonstrated under WFLDs revealed that application of bio-fertilizers was most profitable technology followed by rotavator and zero tillage.

• Survey conducted in UP on weed management strategies adopted at farmers’ field clearly reflected that majority of the farmers (80.54%) used knapsack sprayers having cut nozzle (51.50%). Majority of them (52.59%) sprayed herbicides themselves while 33.84 per cent had used labour. Only 5.39 percent of the farmers had increased dose of herbicide over last year. Only 2.40 percent of the farmers had used herbicide twice during

the crop season. Broadleaf weeds being a major problem in these areas, majority of the farmers had applied 2,4-D (44-60%) and sulfosulfuron (11.54-52%) across crop rotations.

• To achieve higher production, there should be timely sowing (Last week of October to 20th November), adopt zero tillage technique, timely control of weeds with uniform spray using flat fan nozzle, rotation of herbicides and crop rotations as effective strategies to control weeds.

• A survey conducted in Kurukshetra district of Haryana on RCTs revealed that 84.17% of the sample farmers adopted zero tillage, 38.33% rotary tillage, 88.33% laser land leveler, 26.67% zero tillage+rotary tillage, 72.5% zero tillage+ laser land leveler, 34.17% rotary tillage+laser land leveler and 22.5% zero tillage+rotary tillage+laser land leveler.

• Impact of RCTs revealed that continuous use of zero tillage has increased organic carbon in soil, improved water retention capacity, improved fertility status of soil, decreased lodging, avoided terminal heat and it also gave more or at par yield. The adoption of laser land leveller could save 30-40% of irrigation water.

• A study conducted in Meerut district of western UP revealed that a majority of the sample farmers used broadcast method of wheat sowing and the average wheat yield under rice-wheat was 17.49 q/ acre and under sugarcane-wheat cropping system 17.12 q/acre.

• Temporal and spatial analysis (2001-02 to 2011-12) on TFP of wheat indicated that over years, there is a mixed trend in the estimated TFP. It is highest in 2010-11 owing to technological progress (14.10 %) followed by the change in technical efficiency (1.20 %). During the decade, the mean TFP declined by 3.8 per cent. The reason was slowdown in the technological progress by 4 per cent despite 0.2 per cent increase in the efficiency change.

• Social Sciences section organized 6 trainings including 21 days field experience training (FET) of 98th FOCARS, 4 kisan mela/ farmers’ days/seed days/ awareness programmes, 11 exhibitions, foundation day, 2 TV talks, delivered 24 lectures, attended 8 meetings, coordinated 49 visits of 1761 farmers/students/officers from various states/institutions.

Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla• This season was marked by the appearance of

wheat rusts almost one month late in comparison to the previous years. Except for the occurrence of yellow rust in some localized pockets in northern India, there was no major record of wheat rusts.

• A total of 1238 samples of wheat rusts were analysed at initial stages of crop for studying

exeC

uti

ve s

um

ma

ry

vi DWR Annual Report 2013-14

the pathotype distribution and identification of identify new pathotypes.

• A new pathotype of Puccinia triticina (brown rust of wheat) designated as 121R52-1(77-12) was identified. Another new pathotype of P. graminis tritici (black rust of wheat) is being confirmed.

• There was shift in predominance in favour of pathotype 46S119 which was observed in 67% samples in comparison 78S84 which was observed in 26% samples only.

• To identify rust resistant lines, characterized rust resistance genes and confirmed the presence of targeted genes, more than 2300 lines of wheat and barley were evaluated under controlled temperature conditions. Out of 2300 lines evaluated at seedling stage, none of the line was resistant to all the pathotypes of wheat rusts. However, 55 lines showed resistance to one or more rusts of wheat. In barley, three lines of EBDSN and seven lines of NBDSN were resistant to all the rusts.

• Gene pattern for five Yr genes, twelve Lr genes and twelve Sr genes were characterized in 200 advance lines of wheat.

• In national repository of pathotypes, 126 isolates of different rust pathogens were maintained in pure form as well as cryo-preserved. To enable rust research elsewhere in India, Uredo inoculum of different pathotypes was supplied.

• Wheat disease monitoring nurseries including SAARC nurseries were organized, conducted and data were analyzed.

Regional Station, Dalang Maidan, Lahaul & Spiti• Around 43,000 lines of wheat and 500 lines

of barley from 20 co-operators were planted at DWR regional station Dalang Maidan for generation advancement, disease screening and seed multiplication during the year 2013.

• About 1000 crosses were attempted by the researchers across the institutes.

• Approximately 19,000 lines were screened for yellow rust and powdery mildew.

• Seven entries were evaluated under AVT-Timely sown-Very high altitude trial, during summer of 2013.

• Of-season nursery facility Dalang Maidan can be utilized as enhancing the selection efficiency in winter x spring progenies.

Barley Network• A new two-row malt barley variety DWRB92

has been released for commercial cultivation in NWPZ by CVRC. The new variety is suitable for irrigated timely sown cultivation in rabi season in North Western India.

• Three barley varieties namely viz. HUB113, BH946 and BHS400 from AICW& BIP were released/notified by CVRC for cultivation in different zones.

• Out of 127 coordinated yield evaluation trials proposed, 119 (93.70%) trials were conducted. After the analysis, only 93 trials (73.22% of proposed/78.15% of conducted) were found good for reporting.

• Zonal monitoring of Barley Network Yield Trials & Nurseries was organized in central zone, NWPZ, NEPZ and NHZ, for recording observations about the varietal performance, conduct of trials, disease/pest incidence and genetic purity of the test entries.

• A total of 698.25 q breeder and 71.27 q nucleus seed of 27 varieties was produced.

• An elite international barley germplasm nursery was constituted with 45 genotypes selected from international trials/nurseries and evaluated at barley network centres.

• Under the malt barley improvement programme at DWR, the breeding material in different generations (828 families representing 534 crosses involving several generations from F2 to F7) was grown and screened for stripe rust and leaf blights under artificial epiphytotic condition. In all, 33 promising genotypes were bulked on the basis of grain quality, as well as off season nursery performance for further evaluation for yield and quality in the station trials during rabi 2013-14.

• In order to incorporate yield, quality, disease/pest resistance, smooth awns, wide adaptation and early maturity in six rowed barley for feed purpose, 160 crosses were attempted during crop season 2012-13. Based on seed availability 140 F1s were grown at Lahul Spiti for advancement to F2S. 955 barley germplasm accessions were also rejuvenated.

• A total 345 samples for malting quality parameters were evaluated at DWR, Karnal during 2013-14 and DWRB101, BH976, PL874, RD2870 were found promising in timely sown material and PL877, RD2870 in late sown samples.

• A total of 846 samples from feed barley programme were evaluated for grain quality parameters and promising entries identified.

• The germplasm line BCU554 was identified for higher beta glucan content and BK306 for higher protein content after multilocation testing.

• The line BK1127 was identified for higher 1000 grains weight after multilocation testing.

• Four dates of sowing (dates starting from last week of October to last week of November at 10

exeC

uti

ve s

um

ma

ry

viiDWR Annual Report 2013-14

days interval) were tested to fine-tune the sowing dates under changing agro climatic conditions. Sowing date of 20th November was observed the best for feed barley and in case of malt barley, the yield was at par from 30th October to 20th November and after that yield reduced due to late sowing.

• Similarly four dates of sowing (dates starting from first week of December to first week of January at 10 days interval) showed that sowing of DWRUB64 and DWRB73 was optimum up to 25th of December thereafter the yield reduced significantly and DWRB91 and RD2508 were good only up to 05th December and after that the yield reduced significantly.

• Sulphur application affected the productivity of barley variety RD2668 but no effect was noticed on DWRUB52 and BH902. S application influences the test weight and grain protein content, however, the influence of S on 1000 grains weight, thin grain %, malt yield and friability is genotype specific.

• Reduced tillage and conventional practice were at par in grain yield irrespective of nutrient combinations whereas zero tillage gave numerically low yields. Protein content was more under inorganic as compared to organic nutrient supply.

• During the year 2012-13, 604 barley entries were screened under various nurseries (IBDSN, NBDSN and EBDSN) for resistance against various diseases, aphid and CCN.

• Seedling Resistance Test (SRT) for NBDSN and EBDSN entries was conducted at DWR Regional station, Shimla. Out of 369 IBDSN entries tested, 234 entries were found to be resistant (ACI<10) to stripe rust, in case of leaf rust, 109 entries fall under ACI<10 and for stem rust, 93 entries were found to be having HS<10. In case of leaf blight screening, 109 entries were found to have resistance.

• Seed treatment with Vitavax @ 3g/Kg followed by spraying with Tilt / Folicur @ 0.1% is effective for management of leaf blight. For management of stripe rust, spraying with Tilt @ 0.1% and Bayleton @ 0.1% recorded lower disease severity and higher yield.

• RIL population of cross DWR49 ´ RD2503 was used to identify QTLs associated with spot blotch resistance in barley, three QTLs explained total 52% phenotypic variation for spot blotch resistant genotype DWR49.

• STS marker KV1/KV2 on 1H chromosome was found relatively closer to gene conferring Corn Leaf Aphid (CLA) resistance in barley genotype EB921 during linkage analysis.

• A new project with international collaboration ICAR ICARDA CRP 3.6 Dryland Cereals has been started with the objectives of increasing barley productivity and quality through breeding strategies and agro technologies including pathological and molecular level studies.

• A contract research project on Grain Oats was initiated to evaluate performance of different Brazilian oat genotypes for agronomy and quality purpose. The project is sponsored by PepsiCo India Pvt. ltd.

Other Institutional Activities• The quinquinneal review team under the

chairmanship of Dr. B Mishra, Former Vice Chancellor, SKUAST, Jammu submitted QRT report to Dr. S Ayyappan, DG, ICAR and Secretary DARE, New Delhi and made 53 recommendations to further strengthen the research, coordination, infrastructure facilities for meeting the future challenges of maintaining national food and nutritional security.

• The Directorate collaborated with CIMMYT/BISA for organizing international meeting “The pact 50- A gathering of conversations and existing partnerships on food security in South Asia” and BGRI for organizing “BGRI 2013 Technical Workshop”.

• The Directorate and Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur jointly organized the 52nd All India Wheat and Barley Research Workers’ Meet at Kanpur.

• During 2013-14, the Directorate organized National Symposium on Emerging Trends in Agri Bio-informatics, ICAR-ACIAR workshop on wheat molecular breeding, orientation programme for two Egyptian scientists, Field experience training for two ARS probationers etc.

• During 2013-14, fourteen trainings and three awareness programmes were organized by the Directorate.

• The scientists of the Directorate published 61 research papers in various national and international journals, 2 books, 6 book chapters and 8 progress reports besides 51 papers were presented in seminar/symposia/workshop.

• The scientists of the Directorate received various awards including Distinguished scientist award, Fellow of the Indian Society of Weed Science as well as received competitive travel grant for presenting a paper in US.

• The Directorate has organized various programmes for the promotion of Hindi.

exeC

uti

ve s

um

ma

ry

viii DWR Annual Report 2013-14or

ga

no

gr

am

1DWR Annual Report 2013-14

1 Crop IMproVEMENT

Wheat production during the crop year 2012-13 at 93.51 million tonnes from an area of 30.0 million hectares was less than the record production of 94.88 million tonnes from 29.55 million hectares during the preceding year 2011-12. The weather was satisfactory during the whole crop season with widespread rains during tillering to grain filling stages in whole of the north and central India. However, in Gujarat and Maharashtra the conditions were quite harsh. Some drop in yield was caused by prolonged drenching of the rhizosphere by frequent rains in Punjab and parts of Haryana. Crop Improvement entails basic, strategic and applied research in bread, durum and dicoccum wheat. A summary of the work done and significant achievements made during the crop season 2012-13 is presented in the ensuing pages.

Development and release of new wheat varieties for different zones

Development and release of wheat varieties is organized through the All India Coordinated Wheat

& Barley Improvement Project wherein large number of varietal evaluation trials under various cultural conditions in the six wheat growing mega-zones spread across the country. During the 52nd All India Wheat & Barley Research Workers’ Meet held in September 2013 at Kanpur, the Varietal Identification Committee (VIC) identified 12 new wheat varieties namely, HS542, HD3086, DBW88, DBW90, WH1124, PBW660, NW5054, K1006, MACS6478, HD3090, DBW93 and HW1098 (dicoccum) for release under different production conditions in various zones. During the year 2013-14, the Central Sub-Committee on Crops Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops (CVRC) recommended the release of 12 varieties, namely HPW349, HD3059, WH1105, DBW71, HI8713 (Pusa Mangal) (Durum), UAS304, MP3336, K0402, NW4018 (Narendra Wheat 4018), DBW90, HD3086 (Pusa Gautami), DBW88, HD3090 (Pusa Amulya) and HD5216 from among the varieties which were identified by the VIC during 2012-13 & 2013-14 (Table 1.1).

Table 1.1. Wheat varieties released by CVRC during 2013-14

SN Variety name and parentage Developed by Area of adaptation

Production condition Grain Yield (q/ha)

Average Potential

1 HPW349OASIS/SKAUZ//4*BCN/3/PASTOR/4/KAUZ*2/YACO//KAUZ

CSKHPKV, Palampur

NHZ Timely sown, Irrigated /Rainfed

47.0(IR) 25.9(RF)

61.4(IR)42.1(RF)

2 HD3059KAUZ//ALTAR84/AOS/3/MILAN/KAUZ/4/HUITES

IARI, New Delhi NWPZ Late sown, Irrigated 42.4 59.4

3 WH1105MILAN/S87230//BABAX

CCSHAU, Hisar NWPZ Timely sown, Irrigated 51.5 71.6

4 DBW71PRINIA/UP2425

DWR, Karnal NWPZ Late sown, Irrigated 43.2 68.9

5 DBW90HUW468/WH730

DWR, Karnal NWPZ Late sown, Irrigated 42.7 66.6

6 HD3086 (Pusa Gautami)DBW14/HD2733//HUW468

IARI, N. Delhi NWPZ Timely sown, Irrigated 54.3 71.1

7 DBW88KAUZ//ALTAR84/AOS/3/MILAN/KAUZ/4/HUITES

DWR, Karnal NWPZ Timely sown, Irrigated 53.9 69.9

8 HI8713 (Pusa Mangal) (Durum)HD 4672 / PDW 233

IARI RS, Indore CZ Timely sown, Irrigated 52.3 68.2

9 MP3336 (JW 3336)HD 2402/GW 173

JNKVV, Jabalpur CZ Late sown, Irrigated 44.7 64.4

10 UAS304SERI/CEP80120//KAUZ/PBW343

UAS,Dharwad

PZ Timely sown, Irrigated 46.8 59.9

11 HD3090 (Pusa Amulya)SFW/VAISHALI//UP2425

IARI, N. Delhi PZ Late sown, Irrigated 42.1 63.1

12 HW5216PBW343//HW3083

IARI RS, Wellington SHZ Timely sown, Restricted Irrigation

45.6 62.4

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t

2 DWR Annual Report 2013-14

Registration of new genetic stocks

The Directorate of Wheat Research organizes the evaluation of new germplasm lines through various national nurseries constituted for various biotic and abiotic stresses, quality and yield components in bread and durum wheat. The wheat germplasm lines are evaluated through multilocation and multi-year screening. The good and consistently performing germplasm lines are then considered for registration as genetic stock by the Plant Germplasm Registration Committee which examines the proposals and approves their registration. The registered genetic

stocks are utilized for creation of new variability in wheat breeding programmes at different centres across the country. The GRU unit of DWR, Karnal multiplies the seeds of these genetic stocks and makes them available to wheat breeding centres in the country. The registered genetic stocks are also included in the National Genetic Stock Nursery (NGSN) from time to time for ensuring their availability to large number of wheat centres for further use in wheat improvement activities. During the year under report, four genetic stocks of wheat viz. HW 3601, HW 3631, UP 2672 and DBQW1 were registered at NBPGR for novel traits (Table 1.2).

Table 1.2. Genetic stock registered

SN Name Registration number ID No. Developing centre Trait's name

1 HW3601 INGR 13051 IC0598203 IARI, RS Wellington Resistant to brown (Lr19) and black (Sr36) rusts

2 HW3631 INGR 13052 - IARI, RS Wellington Resistant to brown (Lr19) and black (Sr36) rusts

3 UP2672 INGR 13053 IC597682 GBPUA&T, Pant Nagar High protein content (13.4%)

4 DBQW1 INGR 13072 IC595583 DWR, Karnal Biscuit quality

Significant results from coordinated yield evaluation trials

Conduction of coordinated trials

During the crop season 2012-13, 38 series of trials comprising 538 test entries and 69 check varieties were constituted. In all, 471 trial sets were supplied to 131 centres spread across six wheat zones in the country out of which 464 trials were actually conducted. The conduction of trials was 100% in North Western Plains Zone, North Eastern Plains Zone and Peninsular Zone, while it was over 98% in Northern Hills Zone, 95% in Central Zone and 89% in Southern Hills Zone. The percent conduction of trials was similar to last year 2011-12 (Table 1.3).

Table 1.3. Percent success in trial conduction and reporting during 2012-13

Zone % conduction of proposed trials

% reporting of conducted trials

NHZ 98.25 71.43

NWPZ 100.00 83.69

NEPZ 100.00 84.52

CZ 95.96 77.89

PZ 100.00 80.56

SHZ 88.89 62.50

Total 98.51 79.96

Out of 471 trials which were conducted during 2012-13, the data on 371 trials were found qualifying for reporting based on set norms. Extensive monitoring of coordinated trials was done by two teams constituted for each zone. The monitoring teams visited all the

funded centres and most of the voluntary centres involved in conduction of coordinated trials in all the six wheat producing zones of the country. Out of the 93 trials which were not reported as many as 31 trials were rejected by the monitoring teams in various zones. The rest of the unreported trials were not considered for reporting due to low site mean (LSM), high coefficient of variation (HCV) and other anomalies like unrealistic yield (UY), early sowing (ES), incomplete data (ID). The percent reporting of total trials conducted during the year was at the same level as last year’s. The reporting of trials in SHZ has considerably improved this year (Table 1.4).

Table 1.4. Breakup of yield trials during 2012-13

Zone Proposed Conducted Not conducted Reported Not

reportedNHZ 57 56 1 40 16

NWPZ 141 141 0 118 23

NEPZ 84 84 0 71 13

CZ 99 95 4 74 21

PZ 72 72 0 58 14

SHZ 18 16 2 10 6

Total 471 464 7 371 93 (31 RMT)

Varieties in final year of testing

During the year under report, 35 varieties were in final year of yield testing in AVTs of different zones (Table 1.5). The variety WH1127 was under evaluation in two zones NWPZ and NEPZ under rainfed & restricted irrigation conditions. The proposal for identification of the varieties would be placed for consideration by the Varietal Identification Committee.

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


Table 1.5. Varieties in final year of testing during 2012-13

SN Trial Final year entries

1 Northern Hills zone(i) AVT-RF-ES-TAS HS542

(ii) AVT-TS- RF/IR-TAS HS536

2 Northern Western Plains Zone (i) AVT-IR-TS-TAS DBW88, HD3086

(ii) AVT-IR-TS-TDM HI8728(d)

(iii) AVT-IR-LS-TAS DBW90, WH1124, HD3091

(iv) AVT- TS-RF/RI-TAS DBW74*, WH1098*, PBW660*, PBW674, PBW675, WH1126, WH1127

(v) AVT-RI-TS-TAS HD3070*

3 Northern Eastern Plains Zone(i) AVT-IR-TS-TAS NW5054, K1006, WH1120, HD3076,

PBW661

(ii) AVT-IR-LS-TAS RAJ4250

(iii) AVT-RF-TS-TAS WH1127

4 Central Zone (i) AVT-IR-TS-TAD HI8724(d), HI8725(d), HI8727(d)

(ii) AVT-IR-LS-TAS HD3095

(iii) AVT-TS-RF/RI-TAD HI8731(d), MPO1255(d)

5 Peninsular Zone (i) AVT-IR-TS-TAD MACS6478, UAS334

(ii) AVT-IR-LS-TAS HD3090, HD3093, GW432

(iii) AVT-TS-RF/RI-TAD DBW93

6 Southern Hills Zone (i) AVT-RI-TS/LS-TAS HW5224

* Repeated 2nd year AVT entries

31 genotypes were identified to be superior on the basis of their yield performance with respect to the check varieties and their response to the incidence of rusts (Table 1.6). This revealed that the gain in yield enhancement over the check varieties by the new genotypes is quite less. Among the AVT entries, as many as 10 entries were found promising under timely sown irrigated condition out of which 3 were durum entries. There were 8 promising entries under late sown condition, while under rainfed/restricted condition there were 14 entries.

Table 1.6. Most promising entries in AVTs

Zone Timely sown irrigated

Late sown irrigated

Rainfed/ Restricted irrigation

NHZ HPW 381, VL 967

HS 577, VL 3002

VL 967, HPW 376, HS 575

NWPZ PBW 681, WH 1138, HUW 666

WH 1129 WH 1142 (RI)

NEPZ - HD 3118, K 1114, DBW 107, PBW 688

BRW 3723

CZ HI 8737(d), HI 8736(d), MP 3382

- WH 1142, NIAW 1885, DBW 110, PBW 689, UAS 348, GW 1292(d)

PZ MP 1270, MACS 6583

HD 3116 NIAW 1994, UAS 347, UAS 446(d)

SHZ - - -

d: durum

Table 1.7. Most promising entries in NIVTs, IVTs and Special Trials

Zone Timely sown irrigated Late sown irrigated Rainfed/ Restricted irrigation

NHZ HPW390, HS562 - HS562, HS564

NWPZ PBW677, DBW95, PBW692, HD3128, WH1154, HD3132, TL2995(t), PBW695, HD3133, HUW675, PBW697, PBW698, K1204, WH1157, WH1156, HD4730(d), PDW337(d), PDW335(d)

PBW702, HD3139, PBW703, DBW128

PBW706, WH1164

NEPZ DBW98, WH1132, PBW677, HUW661, PBW693 PBW701, DBW126 UAS356, HUW679

CZ GW451, MACS6604, GW453, HI1594, HD4728(d), HD4730(d), HI8750(d), GW1298(d)

GW455, AKAW4794, NIAW2064, HI1597

MP1279, NIAW2030, CG1010, K1217, K1215, MACS3927(d), HI8755(d), UAS451(d), DDW30(d), MACS3916(d)

PZ MACS6604, UAS351, DDW27(d), HI8750(d) UP2864, HUW677, K1213

NIAW2030, UAS356, BRW3738, HD3145, MACS3927(d), HI8751(d), HI8754(d)

SHZ - - -

Special Trials

Triticale - - TL2991, TL2992

Dicoccum - - -

Sal/Alk - - -

Promising varieties in Advanced Varietal Trials

Among the 176 genotypes evaluated in various AVTs conducted in different zones during the crop season,

Promising varieties in Initial Varietal and Special Trials

Among the total of 301 entries evaluated for their performance in different NIVTs and 40 in IVTs, as

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


many as 72 entries were found promising for high yielding ability and disease resistance. Out of these 72 promising entries, 56 were of bread wheat and 16 of durum wheat. Thirty-six entries were observed to be promising for timely sown irrigated condition, 13 for late sown irrigated condition and 21 for rainfed/restricted irrigation. From the 21 genotypes evaluated in three special trials on salinity/alkalinity, dicoccum and triticale, only two genotypes from triticale were found promising (Table 1.7).

Evaluation of National and International Nurseries and Trials

National Nurseries

Six nurseries, two segregating stock nurseries and shuttle breeding material developed specifically for eastern and the warmer areas of the country were supplied to different cooperating centres for screening and utilization in wheat improvement. Breeders from various centres also contributed entries for these nurseries which were included after tests and seed multiplication. The germplasm lines in the nurseries are generally utilized in hybridization and some are selected for yield trials. The promising germplasm lines are tested for 2-3 years to confirm their performance and are later proposed for registration as genetic stock for different attributes by the germplasm contributing centres (Table 1.8).

Table 1.8. National nurseries shared with cooperators

Nurseries/ Shuttle breeding lines

Genotypes + checks no.

Cooperating centres no.

National Genetic Stock Nursery (NGSN)

94+3 28

Yield Components Screening Nursery (YCSN)

135+4 25

Salinity-alkalinity Tolerance Screening Nursery (SATSN)

54+5 10

Short Duration cum Late Heat Tolerance Screening Nursery (SDHTSN)

40+5 17

Drought and Heat Tolerance Screening Nursery (DHTSN)

46+3 12

Quality Component Screening Nursery (QCSN)

52+3 15

Elite International Germplasm Nursery – breadwheat (EIGN-I)

90 20

Elite International Germplasm Nursery – durum wheat (EIGN-II)

65 20

Segregating Stock Nursery (SSN) 82 F2 & F3 14

Spring x Winter Segregating Stock Nursery (SWSN)

44 F2 6

Table 1.9. Superior genetic stocks for yield component traits in NGSN during 2012-13

Characteristics Criteria Promising Genotypes Best check

Days to heading <75 PHS1104, PHS1101, PBW640, PHS1107 (73), TL2963 (t), PHS1108, PHS1109 (74) Sonalika (76)

Days to maturity <126 PHS1101, PHS1103, PHS1108, PHS1104, PHS1109, PHS1107 (124), PHS1102, NIAW1689, PHS1105, LBPY08-7, RAJ4205, PBW 640, PHS1106, WH1094 (126)

Sonalika (127)

Pl. height (cm) <82 PBW640 (79), HD2982 (80), UAS432(d), MACS3744(d) (81) DBW 17(82)HI 8498 (86)

Tillers/m >110 KRL250 (121), HPW338 (120), UAS324, DBW60 (115), VL930 (113), NIDW577(d), AKDW4021(d), HI1569 (112), TL2963(t)(111)

Sonalika (103) HI 8498 (77)

Grains /spike >55 NIAW1594 (60), HPW324, HPW347, DBPY08-7(d), NIAW1415, NW4081 (55) DBW 17 (50) HI 8498 (46)

1000-grains wt. (g) >48 PHS1109 (55), PHS1108, PHS1103, PHS1104 (52), PHS1101, DL1015, UAS432(d) (51), DBPY08-3(d), PHS1107, MACS3744(d) (50), PHS1102, HI8692(d)(49)

HI 8498 (48)Sonalika (43)

Spike length (cm) >11 PHS1109, PHS1103, PHS1101, PHS1102, PHS1105 (13), PHS1108, PHS1106, VL944, PHS1104, VL943 (12)

Sonalika (9)HI 8498 (8)

t-Triticale, d-durum; Value of the traits in parenthesis

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


The salient features observed in evaluation of national nurseries are given below.

(i). National Genetic Stock Nursery (NGSN): The NGSN comprising elite lines for yield traits and disease resistance is supplied to breeding centres as a suggested crossing block. During 2012-13, the nursery consisting of 94 lines was provided to 28 centres. It was conducted in augmented design with three checks DBW17, Sonalika and HI8498(d) and an infector row distributed after every 30 entries. On the basis of utilization report received from 24 locations, it was found that over 15% genotypes in the NGSN were either directly used for selection or utilized in hybridization as parents. Based on overall performance across the zones, the promising genotypes showing better performance than the best checks were identified (Table 1.9).

(ii). Yield Component Screening Nursery (YCSN): The 25th YCSN comprising 135 entries wherein 115 were breadwheat and 20 durum wheat lines and four checks was supplied to 25 centres. On the basis of superior performance for a specific trait continuously for three years across locations, the trait specific entries were identified as promising genetic resources (Table 1.10).

Table 1.10. Promising lines showing consistent performance for three years in YCSN

Trait Lines

Tillers/metre (>85) HI1569, J07-40, LBPY2010-24, NWL9-8, NWL9-11,VW916, VW931

Grains/spike (>58) HPW355, LBPY2010-24, NWL9-7, VW921

1000-grains weight(>44)

DL1012, DL1063, GW09-201, HI1569, LBPY2010-11, LBPY2010-24, LBPY2010-25, LOK54, LOK65, LOK BOLD, NWL9-8, WSM41

(iii). Short Duration-cum-late Heat Tolerance Screening Nursery (SDSN): The 26th SDSN consisting of 40 entries and 5 checks was conducted at 17 centres. The entries showing consistently superior performance during the last 3 years as compared to the respective checks were identified (Table 1.11).

Table 1.11. Promising lines identified from SDSN

Trait Germplasm lines

Grains/spike AKAW4498, VW964, VW959, NWL9-5 and J07-47

1000-grains weight GW2008-61, DL1021, NWL9-2 and NWL9-4

(iv). Drought and Heat Tolerance Screening Nursery (DHTSN): The 25th DHTSN comprising 49 entries

including 3 checks (C306, AKAW 3717, NI5439) was evaluated at 12 centres under drought and irrigated conditions in 7x7 lattice with 2 replications. On the basis of 3 years testing, zone-wise drought insensitive genotypes showing drought sensitivity index (DSI) value less than 0.5 were identified. There was no entry from CZ and PZ (Table 1.12).

Table 1.12. Zone wise drought tolerant (DSI<0.5) genotypes identified after 3 years testing

Zone Genotypes (DSI values in parenthesis)

NWPZ DTW 2011-60(0.33), HI 1581(0.45), RAJ 4313(0.24)

NEPZ WS 905(-1.7), DTW 2011-57(-0.81), RAJ 4309(-0.25), DBW 93(-0.34)

(v). Salinity/Alkalinity Tolerance Screening Nursery (SATSN): The nursery comprising 54 entries and checks Kharchia65, KRL3-4, KRL-19, HD4530 and KRL210 was evaluated at 10 centres across the country in an augmented design. The promising entries for yield occurring in the first-significant group were NW6010, PS1079, WH1301, LBP2012-24, KRS1216, NW6011, LBP2012-23, RWP2012-19, WH1302, PS1080 (Table 1.13).

Table 1.13. Mean performance of entries in Salinity/Alkalinity Tolerance Screening Nursery

Genotype Yield/plot (g) Pl. ht. (cm)

NW 6010 530 95

PS 1079 519 86

WH 1301 504 87

LBP 2012-24 500 87

KRS 1216 491 86

NW 6011 484 86

LBP 2012-23 477 89

RWP 2012-19 473 82

WH 1302 472 93

PS 1080 469 83

KRL 19 (C) 429 83

Kharchia 65 (C) 418 117

HD 4530 (C) 327 77

KRL 3-4 (C) 472 112

KRL 210 (C) 465 89

(vi). Quality Component Screening Nursery (QCSN): The nursery consisting of 55 entries including 3 checks was planted at 15 locations. The genotypes were analyzed for quality traits and the promising entries have been listed in Table 1.14.

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


Table 1.14. Promising genotypes for quality traits

Component Range Genotypes

Protein content (%) (at 14% grain moisture)

14.0-14.3

GW2010-385 (d), GW07-112(d), QLD11, KLM1005(d), WSM24(d), GW09-232(d), 2010-305(d)

Sedimentation value (ml)

50-59 QLD31, GW2010-389, QLD49, QLD52, QLD 55, BW5872

Grain hardness index

85-89 GW2010-304(d), GW2009-246(d), MASS499(d), GW2010-395(d), GW 2009-239(d), GW2010-305(d), GW2010-393(d), RAJ3307(d), GW2010-318(d)

15-25 QLD28, QLD49, QLD54, QBP12-8, QBP12-9,QBP12-10, QBP12-11

d : durum

Segregating material nurseries

i). Segregating Stock Nursery (SSN): In the 16th SSN, 82 F2/F3 segregating lines were supplied to 14 centres in the country. The utilization report from seven centres was received which indicated good utilization of the segregating populations (Table 1.15).

Table 1.15. Utilization of segregating lines in 16th SSN

Centre Segregating line utilized Utilization (%)

Faizabad 72 87.80

Bilaspur 72 87.80

Junagadh 50 60.97

Chatha 44 53.65

IARI,Pusa 34 41.46

Total 425 74.04

ii). Spring ´ Winter wheat Segregating Stock Nursery (SWSN): The Spring ´ Winter wheat Segregating Stock Nursery (SWSN) comprising 44 crosses from F2 generation was shared with six cooperating centres, namely GBPUA&T-Pantnagar, NDUAT-Faizabad, RAU-Sabour, JNKV-ZARC-Powarkheda, SDAU-Vijapur and DWR-RS-Shimla. The segregating material was subjected to natural biotic and abiotic stresses screening at different centres. Among biotic stresses, yellow rust, brown rust and powdery mildew at Pantnagar, stem and leaf rust at Vijapur and leaf blight at Sabour and Faizabd was reported. Regarding abiotic stresses the material was subjected to early heat at Vijapur and terminal heat and sodicity at Faizabad. The utilization ranged from 36 to 100% of the crosses supplied. Highest single plant selection was made at Powarkheda (315) followed by Faizabad (229), Sabour (194), Pantnagar (80) and Vijapur (34) (Table 1.16). The promising cross-combinations in F7 generation are listed below.

Table 1.16. Promising SxW cross-combinations in F7 generation

Cross combination Characteristics

F81.513/Milan2//HW3067 High tillering, long spikes

90Zhong65/UP2572//HRWYT28 High tillering, bold grains with good appearance

90Zhong65/UP2572//UP2556/ Wugeng8025

High tillering, long spikes, good grain appearance

KYZ9712/Wugeng8025//IGPSN149

High tillering, long spikes, bold grains with good appearance

UP2425/Centurk/PHR1010 High tillering, strong stem and bold grains

PHR1014/Zander33 High tillering, long spikes

Selections from the SWSN were also proposed from some centres for evaluation in coordinated NIVT and AVT trials during 2011-12 & 2012-13. The performance of entries derived from SWSN was comparable with checks but did not qualify for AVT final year testing.

Elite International Germplasm Nurseries

The promising entries from the international germplasm nurseries and trials which are evaluated in India every year are utilized for constituting two nurseries for distribution as Elite International Germplasm Nurseries for breadwheat (EIGN-I) and durum wheat (EIGN-II).

During 2012-13 crop season, 20 sets each of EIGN-I (90 entries) (Table 1.17) and EIGN-II (65 entries) (Table 1.18) were supplied to cooperating centres. On the basis of multilocation evaluation, the promising

Table 1.17. Promising entries identified from EIGN-I

Trait Entry

1000-grains weight (> 43g)

29thSAWSN-3103, 32ndESWYT-133, 29thSAWSN- 3027, 6thHTWSN-165, 19thHRWYT- 204, 6thSTEMRRSN-6059, 29thSAWSN-3102, 6thSTEMRRSN-6128, 19thHRWYT-236, 6thSTEMRRSN-6082, 6thSTEMRRSN-6035, 19thSAWYT-304, 19thSAWYT-317

Grain yield /plot (> 510g/plot)

19thSAWYT-339, 6thSTEMRRSN-6114, HTSBW-ON-7, 6thSTEMRRSN-6063, 6thSTEMRRSN-6082, 6thSTEMRRSN-6059, 19thSAWYT-304

Table 1.18. Promising entries identified from EIGN-II

Trait Entry (43rd IDYN or IDSN)

Days to maturity (<123 days) IDSN-99, IDYN-8, IDYN-23, IDSN-22

1000 grains weight (≥ 44 g) IDSN-139, IDSN-78, IDYN-33

Tillers/plant (>103 per m) IDYN-25, IDYN-16, IDSN-10, IDYN-43, IDYN-11, IDYN-27, IDYN-15, IDSN-43, IDYN-40, IDYN-17, IDSN-88, IDSN-99

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


entries were identified for 1000–grains weight, grain yield/plot, days to maturity and tillers/plant. A total of 308 and 44 selections were made by the cooperators in EIGN-I and EIGN-II, respectively for utilization for hybridization in breeding programme.

Shuttle breeding to bolster regional breeding efforts

i). Directorate Shuttle Breeding Programme for Eastern India: In this nursery, 200 test entries were shared with six cooperating centres in Eastern India. Promising entries for high yield were identified and also the entries for early maturity, high 1000-grains weight and low leaf blight reaction were noted (Table 1.19).

ii). Shuttle Breeding Programme for Warmer Areas of the Country: During 2012-13 crop season, 48 advanced lines from breeding material and 258 F2 segregating lines were shared with six centres namely Jabalpur, Powarkheda, Vijapur, Junagarh, Niphad and Dharwad for evaluation and selection under the agroecologic conditions of the centres.

International nurseries and trials

CIMMYT, Mexico has been the chief source of the exotic germplasm supplied through various international nurseries and trials. During 2012-13 crop season, 1441 germplasm lines from 14 nurseries and trials of bread and durum wheat were received and evaluated at 24 centres in the country.

Table 1.20. Promising genotypes identified for grain yield, 1000-grains weight and yellow rust resistance from CIMMYT nurseries and trials

Trial/Nursery Grain yield* 1000-grains wt. Yellow rust score

20thSAWYT (>44q/ha) = 303, 304, 305, 306, 308, 309, 311, 312, 313, 315

(>41g) = 303, 304, 305, 308, 315, 325, 337, 338, 340 (≤20S) = 304, 305, 306, 316, 323, 335, 338, 339, 343, 337

33rdESWYT

(>48q/ha) = 130, 136, 141 (>40g) = 105, 110, 111, 122, 124, 126, 129, 130, 141, 145, 148,

(≤20S) = 132, 138, 144, 150

7th EBWYT (>50q/ha) = 508, 512, 513, 514, 516, 518, 519, 527, 528

(>39g) = 503, 505, 509, 512, 518, 519, 527 (≤10S) = 513, 514, 516, 519

20thHRWYT

(>50q/ha) = 213, 214, 219, 228, 235, 236

(>39g) = 218, 219, 220, 222, 229, 233, 238, 250 (≤10S) Majority of genotypes resistant at Karnal

44thIDYN

(>48q/ha) = 713, 720, 731, 732, 736

(>41g) = 702, 717, 722, 726, 733 (≤10S) = 702, 718, 719, 721, 724, 727, 729, 730, 732, 735, 736, 737, 739, 740, 741, 744, 741, 744, 746

45thIBWSN

- (>42g) = 1045, 1121, 1158, 1175, 1195, 1196, 1225, 1228, 1230, 1231, 1243, 1262, 1287, 1288, 1301, 1314

(≤10S) = 1021, 1055, 1122, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1159, 1210, 1256, 1296, 1315, 1347

30thSAWSN

- (>41g) = 3005, 3007, 3011, 3012, 3018, 3029, 3030, 3039, 3041, 3043, 3057, 3059, 3061, 3062,3071, 3075, 3107

3046, 3047, 3048

7thSTEMRRSN - (>44g) = 6007, 6036, 6067, 6144, 6111 (≤5S) = 6090, 6110, 6138

14thFHBSN - (>40g) = 6403, 6416, 6418 -

22ndISEPTON - (>44g) = 6249, 6237, 6246, 6234, 6218, 6219, 6233 -

23rdHRWSN - (>42g) = 2002, 2054, 2073, 216, 2019, 2075, 2118 -

44th IDSN - (>45g) = 7063, 7071, 7073, 7087, 7117 (tR) = 7042, 7096, 7103, 7109, 7139, 7142

*Higher than the best check of each zone

Table 1.19. Promising entries in shuttle breeding for Eastern India

Traits Promising entries

Early maturity DSBL-12-78, -79, -89, -93, -103, -136, -138, -141, -158, -163, -187

1000-grains wt. (g) DSBL-12-23, -44, -107, -115, -116, -145, -148, -150, -159, -165, -173, -186

Yield per plot (g) DSBL-12-30, -53, -101, -164, -165, -169, -176, -180, -183, -191

Leaf blight score (<13) DSBL-12-09, -23, -43, -83, -177

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


One set of each nursery/trial was planted at DWR, Karnal in order to evaluate, multiply seeds and facilitate large number of wheat breeders from different centres for exercising in-situ selection during the field day. A Wheat Field Day was organized on April 4, 2013 at Karnal. The best performing lines from these nurseries would be utilized to constitute the Elite International Germplasm Nurseries for bread wheat (EIGN-I) and durum (EIGN-II) and supplied to cooperating centres for evaluation and utilization in wheat improvement (Table 1.20).

Breeder and nucleus seed production

Breeder seed production

The Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DAC), GoI provided a consolidated indent for 21242.40q breeder seed of 162 wheat varieties for supplying to indenting states, public sector corporations and private seed industries during rabi 2013-14.

A total quantity of 21074.40q breeder seed of 154 varieties was allocated for production at 28 centres. During 2012-13 crop season, 27501.69q breeder seed was produced which was 6959.29q higher than the allocated quantity. The maximum breeder seed was produced at JNKVV-Jabalpur (5213.30q) followed by MPUA&T-Kota (3152q), GBPUAT-Pantnagar (3022q), PAU-Ludhiana (2786.40q), IARI-Indore (2228q), RVSKVV-Gwalior (1903q), RAU-Bikaner (1334q), SDAU-Vijapur (934.20q) and CSAUAT-Kanpur (850q).

Among the top ten varieties, GW 322 was the highest in indent (1291.20q) and production (1701.90q) followed by PBW 550, GW 366, GW 273, DBW 17, Lok 1, PBW 502, HD 2733, Raj 4037 and PBW 343 (Table 1.21).

Table 1.21. Top 10 varieties for breeder seed indent and production

Variety Indent (q) Production (q)

GW 322 1291.20 1701.90

PBW 550 1186.40 1282.50

GW 366 988.05 2084.80

GW 273 798.00 927.50

DBW 17 781.80 1051.00

Lok 1 731.20 834.80

PBW 502 669.10 927.00

HD 2733 639.40 670.45

Raj 4037 613.60 930.00

PBW 343 552.20 609.00

Nucleus seed production

With a view to facilitate breeder seed production of wheat varieties in next crop season, 842.3q nucleus seed production of 154 varieties was allocated for production during 2012-13 at all the cooperating seed production centres. A total of 1659.86q nucleus seed for 149 varieties was produced and the maximum production was reported for the variety GW 322 (72.92q) followed by PBW 550 (71.85q), GW 273 (71.35q), PBW 343 (69.35q), Lok 1 (65.65q), GW 496 (62.05q), GW 366 (55.93q), DPW 621-50 (47.22q), HPW 236 (44.75q), HI 8498 (42.80q), Raj 3765 (40.53), HD 2967 (40.50q), PBW 502 (39.59q), DBW 17 (35.25q). The maximum nucleus seed quantity was reported to be produced at JNKVV-Jabalpur centre (250.30q) followed by PAU-Ludhiana (196.70q), GBPUAT-Pantnagar (190.80q), MPUA&T-Kota (174.45q), SDAU-Vijapur (151.95q), RAU-Bikaner (123.74) and IARI-Indore (110q).

Test stock multiplication

During the year 2012-13, test stock multiplication of newly identified seven bread wheat varieties i.e. WH 1105, DBW 71, HD 3059, Raj 4238, MP 3336, HPW 349 and WH 5216 and two durum wheat i.e., WHD 948 and HI 8713 was taken up at SFCI farms. A total production of 690q test stock seed of these varieties was reported by SFCI, New Delhi.

Seed production at DWR

The Directorate produced 469.98q breeder and 16.45q nucleus seed of nine wheat varieties DPW 621-50, DBW 17, DBW 14, CBW 38, DBW 39, DBW 71, DBW 88, WH 1105 and HD 2967 in 2012-13. Truthfully labelled seeds of some varieties was produced and sold to farmers at the farmers’ fare organized at DWR, Karnal.

Germplasm evaluation, characterization, conservation and documentation

Germplasm exchange

During the period under report, fifty-two accessions were received from various cooperating centres for conservation at DWR, Karnal. Seventeen exotic accessions including T. baeoticum, T. dicoccum and salt tolerant wheat lines from CIMMYT; T. turgidum (Alien disomic substitution 1e (1b) l) lines from USDA and inter specific crosses from Nottingham University, UK were received. A total of 1479 accessions were supplied to various indenters within India during the same period.

Characterisation

Five hundred indigenous and exotic accessions of wheat comprising of 437 T. aestivum, 41 T. durum, 03

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


T. dicoccum, 17 T. polonicum and 02 T. sphaerococcum were evaluated and characterised as per DUS testing guidelines for 44 descriptors/traits. The promising accessions were identified for various yield contributing characters:

Days to heading and maturity: Eleven accessions had early heading (87-89 days) and matured in less than 141 days (136-141 days). These accessions were AKW 370, DL 218-6, GERAS, GL 35, HUW 270, KA 3034, KA 3037, KA 9007, KA 90116, KA 9033 and KA 9036.

Plant height: 25 accessions namely CDWR 95103, CDWR 9556, EC 407801, EC 407802, EC 407805, EC 407806, EC 407808, EC 407809, EC 407813, EC 407814, EC 407818, EC 407820, EC 407823, EC 407826, EC 407827, EC 407840, EC 407872, EC 407873, EC 407875, EC 407877, EC 407886, EC 407896, HB 1006-2, KBSN(17th) 27 and KBSN(17th) 29 were dwarf in nature and recorded plant height ranging from 60-75 cm, whereas 11 accessions were tall (125-150 cm) BAXI 470-2, KA90168, E 874, E 876, FULIGIMOSUM, GL 10, GL 11, HI 6896, EGPSN(1st) 11(BL 1897), KA 90139 and JNIT.

Spike length: Eleven accessions namely EC 407873, EC 407840, EC 407767, EC 407877, EC 407825, EC 407871, EC 407896, EC 407820, EC 407804, EC 407886 and EC 407875 had more than 17 cm spike length.

Spikelets/spike: Eleven accessions namely JNIT (Secale cereale), EC 407804, EC 407886, FWWYT(3rd) 32, FWWYT(3rd) 35 (T.aestivum), EC 407803, EC 407826, EC 407827, EC 407820, EC 407875 (T.polonicum), BANDA BHARWALI and BAXI 1-26 (T.durum) had more than 26 Spikelets/spike.

Grain number/spike: Eighteen accessions namely AFUWAN 14, BL 1744, CDWR 9592, CDWR 9596, EC 407819 , EC 407824, EC 407838, EC 407895, EGPSN(4th) 4, EC 407836(T. aestivum); EC 407826, EC 407827, EC 407841, EC 407871, EC 407876, EC 407896 (T. polonicum); ALTAR 84 (T. durum) and DT 38(triticale) had more than 80 grains per spike.

Grain weight/spike: Six accessions had more than 3.5g per spike weight. These were EC 407836(4.57), BL 1744(3.88), IC 212143(3.73), 4th EGPSN 4(3.62), EC 407876(3.60) and EC 407826(3.48).

Thousand grain weight: Test weight of twenty seven accessions were more than 45g, these were BW/SH 9, BW/SH 58, DL 218-6, KA 7827, KA 90104, KA 90139, KA 90167, KA 90182, EGPSN(1st) 13(BL 1902), EGPSN(1st) 16(BL 1908), 4th EGPSN 17, 4th EGPSN 2, GERAS, HUW 270, HUW 478, KA 90186, KA 9022, KA 9028, KA 9035, KA 9036, KA 9093(BW) and three durum accessions namely GHAT VIDHARVA LOCAL-1, ALBIA-1/ALTAR 84 and BIA-1 had test weight more than 50.0g.

Protein: Forty accessions having more than 15% protein and some promising ones having test weight more than 35g and protein content more than 15% were B.SEL. 904, BANSI 203-3, BAXI 470-27, BIA-1, BIJAPUR YELLOW, BK-1-95-2-1, BL 1473, BYANPUR, CDWR 95102, CDWR 9525, CDWR 9526, EC 407873, EC 407877, EC 407886, 1st EGPSN 11(BL 1897), 1st EGPSN 13(BL 1902), 4th EGPSN 12, 4th EGPSN 17, 4th EGPSN 2, 4th EGPSN 21, 4th EGPSN 3, 4th EGPSN 8, 4th EGPSN 85, GERMPLASM COLL., GHAT VIDHARVA LOCAL-1, KA 90166 and KA 9093.

Number of tillers: Tillers ranged from 29-184 per meter row length and accessions BACANORA T 88, CDWR 9577, DWR 237, E 874, EC 407872, 1st EGPSN 16(BL 1908), 3rd FWWYT 32, GL 6, HS 601, KA 90156, KA 90188, KA 9020, KA 9025, KA 9029, KA 9049, KA 9070, KA 9071, KENPHAD, LGM 113, LGM 124, LGM 126, LGM 135, LGM 139, LGM 153, LGM 162 and LGM 151 have more than 150 tillers/metre row.

Grain hardness index: Seventy five accessions were soft (HI 1-40) and 153 were hard (HI 75-100) grains.

Conservation

At DWR, Karnal around 11,500 germplasm accessions of wheat that includes released varieties, AVT-II genotypes, registered genetic stocks, exotic and indigenous germplasm collections are conserved in the germplasm repository under medium term storage module (4oC and RH 30-35%). A duplicate set of 8697 germplasm accessions is being conserved in a repository maintained under natural conditions at DWR Regional Station, Dalang Maidan, Lahaul Spiti.

Registration of wheat varieties with the PPV&FRA

The applications for registration of 10 wheat varieties under extant category viz., MACS2971 (dicoccum), MACS3125, HD4672, HI8498, HI8627, HI8663 (All durum) and WH1021, WH1025, WH1086, WH1105, DPW621-50 were prepared and submitted to the PPV&FRA, New Delhi.

DUS testing in wheat

During 2012-13, 7 DUS trials were sown in which 18 candidate varieties (Ajay (NW72), Vinay (NW404), JP209, JP197, JP151, KRL210, KRL213, Astha Gold, JP8661, DBW39, HPW 249(Asmi), HD 2967, HD 2985, HD 2987, Nirbhay, W07NV 037, Kudrat 7 and Kudrat 11) were tested against 59 reference varieties. One set of trial number 1, 2, 4, 5 and 7 was planted at IARI Regional Station, Indore, while trial number 3 was planted at PAU, Ludhiana and trial number 6 at Kanpur. Data of all the location was compiled and submitted to the PPV&FRA.

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


Pre-breeding for wheat improvement

Pre-breeding is required to transfer desirable genes from primary and tertiary gene pool to well adapted wheat varieties. Although many desired genes have been introgressed from wild Triticum and Aegilops species, but very few have been commercially exploited due to substantial linkage drag. These wild relatives of wheat are thought to be reservoirs of genetic variation and need to be churned effectively for utilization in breeding programmes. Keeping this in view the interspecific crossing programme was initiated with thorough evaluation process.

Using ph mutant for increasing recombination frequency

Chinese spring ph1b wheat genotype was crossed with hexaploid (PBW 502 and DBW 16) and tetraploid (HI 8498) cultivars in order to transfer the ph1b mutant gene into bread and durum wheat background of Indian wheat varieties. Through cytological analysis ph1b genotypes were identified by checking multivalent chromosome pairs at meiotic MI. A series of backcrosses with promising wheat cultivars accompanied by selection for multivalent chromosomme is followed to recover the ph/ph locus in genetic background of well adapted varieties.

Mutation studies for wider variability

To harness new variability through point mutations and produce amphidiploids, seeds of 30 F2s were irradiated with 20Kr doses of gamma rays (Table 1.22). This population comprised of crosses with synthetic hexaploid wheat and promising elite genotypes. The material is in M3 generation now and has been planted at Hisar for selecting desirable plants under saline soils and heat tolerance. This will also help in selecting mutants for easy threshability.

Table 1.22. Gamma irradiation to synthetic crosses (20Kr and 10Kr)

Synthetic lines used in crossing Parents

Synth 14, Synth16, Synth 51, Synth 80, Synth82 UP 2425

Synth 14, Synth 18, Synth 26, Synth 32, Synth 38, Synth 49, Synth 52

PBW 502

Synth 8, Synth 88 PBW 343

Synth 44, Synth 98 DBW 17

Synth 59, Synth 80, Synth 82 DBW 16

Synth 98 HI 8498

Quality and resistance: Synth 8, Synth 14, Synth 26, Synth 88, Synth 98

-

Heat tolerance: Synth 16, Synth 26, Synth 44, Synth 80 -

Developing material for drought tolerance

As water stress is foreseen as an important abiotic stress that seriously affects yield, a breeding programme for incorporating water stress tolerance was initiated. Initially the selected wild accessions and synthetic lines showing tolerance to drought were crossed with better agronomic durum wheat parents (Table 1.23). Some cross-combinations will also be used to develop mapping populations.

Table 1.23. Crosses attempted using wild species for drought and heat tolerance

Cross name Cross Name

HI 8743/ Ae. geniculata HI 8744/ Ae. kotschii

HI 8744/ Ae. kotschii GW2010-409/ Ae. peregrina

HI 8744/ Ae. speltoides GW2010-409/ Ae. kotschii

HI 8741/ Ae. triuncialis HI 8743/ Ae. peregrina

HI 8741/ Ae. geninculata HI 8741/ Ae. geninculata

HI 8743/ Ae. kotschii HI 8741/ Ae. longissima

HI 8743/ Ae. kotschii GW2010-409/ Ae. tauschii

HI 8744/ Ae. longissima -

Evaluation of pre-breeding material in DWR station trials

The material developed under the pre-breeding project was evaluated in PYTs, DWR station trials and in IPPSN for yield and disease evaluation. Two genotypes developed under this program PBS-12-01 (PBW550/Synth33//PBW550) and PBS-12-02 (Synth126/PBW502*2), both resistant to rusts and tolerant to late heat, were evaluated in DWR station trials in 2012-13. PBS 12-1 ranked 1st, 5th and 7th at Kalyani, Karnal and Bhathinda locations, respectively. However, being at par with checks at zonal levels HD2967 and K0307 could not be promoted into national trials.

Wheat improvement for high productive environments of Northern India

Release of variety DBW 90

DBW 90 variety developed in this project was released by CVRC for irrigated late sown conditions of NWPZ. DBW 90 is an indigenously developed genotype (HUW 468/WH 730). During three years of testing it showed high yield advantage (7.6%) over the best performing check and was resistant to yellow and brown rusts under natural and artificial conditions. This variety exhibits less yield reduction when sown under very late sown conditions, hence it is ideal for potato-wheat, sugarcane-wheat and cotton-wheat cropping system. It has a low heat sensitivity index of 1.23. DBW 90 is a premium grain quality genotype

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


having perfect Glu score (10) and high sedimentation value (46 cc).

Hybridization and generation advancement

About 212 cross combinations were made during rabi 2012-13 involving agronomically superior varieties and donors for different traits like heat tolerance, disease resistance, salinity resistance, quality traits and good plant type. The breeding material in different segregating generations was planted in the field. The material includes 257 F1, 229 F2, 106 F3, 69 F4, 23 F5, 12 F6 and 28 F7 lines. A total of 946, 424, 230, 90, 50 and 50 single spikes from F2 to F7 generations were selected, respectively. In addition to this, 20 bulks were made from selected F6 and F7. At Dalang Maidan, 50 new crosses were attempted using donors for different traits. Out of 180 F1 and 20 F6, 170 F1 and 20 F6 bulk selections were made.

Programme for incorporating resistance against Ug99

During rabi 2012-13, 46 cross combinations were made with FLW-2, -3, -6, -8, -9, -11, -12, -13, -20 and -24 as donor parents for incorporating resistance to Ug99 in advanced genotypes. The breeding material in different generations generated earlier was evaluated and single spike selections were made based on plant type and maturity.

Contribution to coordinated trials and nurseries

DWR station trial: A total of 16 entries were contributed to DWR station trial (7 each for timely and late sown and 2 for A+D), which was evaluated at 3 locations ((Karnal, Hisar and Ludhiana), 2 locations of NEPZ (Faizabad and Coochbehar) and 4 locations of A+D trials (Vijapur, Niphad, Karnal and Kota). From the station trial, three promising genotypes namely DBW 137, DBW 147 and DBW 154 were promoted to NIVT-1A, NIVT-3 and Spl. Sal/Alk trials, respectively.

National Initial Varietal Trial: Based on the performance of entries in DWR station trials the following entries were promoted to NIVTs. The performance of these entries in different NIVTs is as follows (Table 1.24).

Advance Varietal Trial: DBW 74 and DBW 90 were tested in AVT- II out of which DBW 90 was identified and released for NWPZ (irrigated late sown) conditions. The performance of entries in timely and late sown conditions of NWPZ is given in Table 1.25.

Table 1.25. Performance of entries in AVTs

Entry Pedigree Trial Yield (q/ha)

DBW 74 WBLLI*2/BRAMBLING

AVT-RF-TS-NWPZ 33.2

DBW 74 WBLLI*2/BRAMBLING

AVT-RI-TS-TAS-NWPZ 42.9

DBW 90* HUW468/WH730 AVT-IR-LS-NWPZ 43.6

Contribution in 26th Short Duration-cum-late heat Screening Nursery: Five entries were contributed in the 26th Short Duration-cum-late heat tolerance Screening nursery during the crop season. The two entries RWP 2009-05 & RWP 2011-15 were retained for further evaluation over locations in NWPZ. The two entries RWP 2011-18 & RWP 2011-15 were retained for further evaluation over locations in NEPZ. Entries RWP-2011-15 and RWP- 2011-17 and RWP 2011-18 were also retained for evaluation in CZ and PZ, respectively. In addition, two entries RWP 2009-05 and RWP 2011-17 were also retained in NHZ for further evaluation. All these entries were retained based on yield and agronomic traits.

Variation in epicuticular wax concentration in Indian wheat genotypes

Cuticular waxes are complex mixture of very long chain aliphatic lipids, triterpenoids and minor secondary metabolites, such as sterols and

Fig. 1.1 New variety DBW 90 for late sown conditions of NWPZ

Table 1.24. Performance of genotypes in NIVTs

Entry Pedigree Yield (q/ha)

NWPZ NEPZ CZ PZ

DBW 95 (NIVT-1A)

K 9908/PBW 534 59.4 49.6 - -

DBW 112 (NIVT-1A)

INQ/30th IBWSN 116//HUW 593

48.0 43.9 - -

DBW 113 (NIVT-1A)

K 9901/NW 2033 50.7 46.0 - -

DBW 118 (NIVT 1A)

KAUZ/AA//KAUZ/PBW 343

55.4 45.1 - -

DBW 120 (NIVT 1B)

WH 767//HUW 468/PBW 343

45.6 43.4 - -

DBW 125 (NIVT-2)

HD 2733/PHR 412 - - 51.7 40.0

DBW127 (NIVT-3)

NIAW 34/DBW 30 38.1 37.0 36.7 29.3

DBW128 (NIVT-3)

SITE/MO//PASTOR/3/TILHI

45.3 37.2 37.6 33.8

DBW 130 (NIVT 5A)

PBW 343/RAJ 3765// RWP 2002-5

33.3 22.5 20.3 12.6

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


flavonoids. The physical and chemical properties of cuticular waxes promote vital functions in plants. Epicuticular wax contributes to drought and heat tolerance mainly by increasing the reflectance of net radiation received from the leaf surface and thereby avoids the excess heat load. Precise quantification of epicuticular wax at a specific growth stage and at specific environmental condition is required to explain genotypic variation. Colorimetric method

was followed for wax estimation. Eighteen different wheat genotypes (DBW14, DBW17, DPW 621-50, HD2864, HD2932, HI1563, HD2329, HUW468, HW2004, JRP11632, NI5439, NIAW34, PBW373, PBW590, Raj3765, Raj4073, Raj4083, and WH730) were sown in three replications under late sown condition to quantify epicuticular wax load in flag leaf along with its sheath at 15 days after anthesis (Table 1.26).

Table 1.26. Epicuticular wax concentration in different wheat genotypes

Timely sown genotypes Late sown genotypes Germplasm/Genetic stock

Genotype Epicuticular wax concentration (mg/g leaf) ± SD

Genotype Epicuticular wax concentration

(mg/g leaf) ±SD

Genotype Epicuticular wax concentration

(mg/g leaf) ± SD

DBW 17 1.25±0.4 PBW 373 2.48±0.2 P 11632 4.51±0.6

DPW 621-50 1.88±0.4 PBW 590 1.14±0.1 WH 730 2.06±0.4

HD 2329 0.84±0.1 RAJ 3765 2.42±0.2 - -

HUW 468 1.12±0.2 HI 1563 3.84±0.5 - -

HW 2004 1.01±0.5 HD 2864 2.33±0.2 - -

NI 5439 1.79±0.3 HD 2932 2.82±0.1 - -

RAJ 4037 1.62±0.2 NIAW 34 0.48±0.2 - -

- - RAJ 4083 2.04±0.2 - -

- - DBW 14 2.28±0.4 - -

Significant genotypic variation was observed for epicuticular wax concentration having values ranging from 0.21 to 4.5mg/g leaf weight. The lowest wax quantity was observed in NIAW34 (0.48mg/g) and maximum quantity was observed in P11632 (4.5mg/g) followed by HI1563 (3.84mg/g).

Effect of elevated night temperature during different growth stages of wheat

Though some information exists on influence of night time temperature on various physiological, growth, developmental and yield processes in winter wheat, there is very little information in spring wheat. To investigate the effect of increased night time temperature on different growth stages of wheat in six Indian wheat varieties (HD2967, DBW17, Raj4014, PBW343, Raj3765 and NIAW34) a portable temperature controlling system was designed to increase the night time temperature by 50C above the ambient temperature. Six wheat genotypes were planted in two replications accommodating the above treatments. Temperature was artificially increased at three important growth stages, i.e. before tillering initiation, 15 days before anthesis and 15 days after anthesis continuously for 12 days. During day time the structure was removed completely and plants were exposed to natural day time conditions. After completing the stress treatment in all three stages, the physiological and yield parameters were recorded.

The analysis of variance using SAS programme indicated that most of the physiological traits were affected when heat treatment was given before tillering, whereas the yield traits were most affected when heat stress was given 15 days after anthesis compared to control (Table 1.27).

Table 1.27. Effect of elevated night temperature on yield traits in wheat

Trait studied Before tillering initiation

15 days before

anthesis

15 days after

anthesis

Canopy temperature (0C) 28.4* 26.8* 28.4 *

Chlorophyll content Index 35 * 43.7 * 44.9NS

Plant height (cm) 82.6* 88.4NS 90.6NS

Total ion leachate (%) 25.35* 18.2NS 18.8 NS

Relative water content (%) 70.8* 76NS 75.3NS

Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)

0.29* 0.30* 0.34NS

Total biomass (gm) 437.7*** 491.7* 491.3*

Tiller number 130* 142NS 141NS

Grain yield (gm) 215.2* 201.6* 194.3***

1000-grains weight (gm) 34.98* 31.75*** 32.42*

Harvest Index 44.38* 42.25* 32.77***

*significant at 5%, ***significant at 1%, NS-Non significant

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


Wheat improvement for Eastern and Far-Eastern parts of the country

New sources identified

During 2012-13 crop season, from 550 new germplasm lines tested for identification of new sources for utilization in hybridization programme, 10 new potential donors were identified that showed high degree of resistance to spot blotch disease under field conditions.

Contribution to national nurseries

Three entries identified as genetic stocks through yield component screening nursery (YCSN) for different traits (Table 1.28), were contributed to NGSN.

Table 1.28. Genetic stocks confirmed through YCSN and contributed to NGSN during 2012-13

Entry Pedigree Trait Passport data

Range Mean

LBPY 2010-11

ANNAL297//BL2022 1000-grains weight

37-58 48

LBPY 2010-25

CMH.83.2078/BL1961/BL1968

1000-grains weight

36-58 45

High tillering 35-151 89

LBPY 2010-24

NL887//NL888//BL2037

Grains/spike 43-70 59

1000-grains weight

32-52 44

Hybridization programme

The hybridization programme during 2013-14 was attempted to make 28 new combinations for improving yield and abiotic stress tolerance and spot blotch resistance. The major emphasis was on abiotic stresses (salinity, water logging and heat), duration and adaptation. Besides, some target crosses (KH-65 / HD 2967, KH-65 / DBW 17, KH-65 / DBW 39, KH-65 / K-307, HD 2985 / KH-65, GW 322 / KH-65, KH 65 / KRL 210, KRL 210 / KRL 213) were attempted for incorporation of salinity and water logging tolerance in future genotypes.

Evaluation of breeding material and contribution to NIVTs

During crop season 2012-13, complete set of breeding material available was evaluated at DWR, Karnal and selections were made for advancing the generations and identifying the promising ones. The generation wise details are given below (Table 1.29).

Based on the performance in the evaluation trials during 2012-13, 28 segregating bulks were contributed to segregating stocks nursery (SSN) for evaluation and making site-specific selection. Four genotypes were contributed to different NIVTs during 2013-14 crop season (Table 1.30).

Table 1.29. Breeding materials in different filial generations

Generation Combinations Families/progenies

F1 100 Selection for disease and adaptation

F2 114 Planted in combination plots

F3 197 Single plant selections

F4 64 750 single plant progenies

F5 45 150 families of single spike

F6 25 120 families in 4 row plot

PYT 170 lines 6-row plot each

Table 1.30. Entries promoted to NIVTs during 2013-14

Entry ID Plant height

1000-gr. wt

Heading (days)

Yield (q/ha)

Entry / Trial

LBP 2012-5 96 35 102 48.6 DBW 135 (NIVT-1A)

LBP 2012-1 98 39 85 51.4 DBW 143 (NIVT-1B)

LBP 2012-16 95 41 86 48.4 DBW 149 (NIVT-3)

LBP 2012-14 81 36 85 38.8 DBW 150 (NIVT-3)

Sharing of DSBL lines for evaluation and utilization at six centres in NEPZ

In additions, a set of 137 genotypes comprising DSBL (Directorate shuttle breeding lines) material was shared with six (Shillongani, Coochbehar, Kalyani, Ranchi, Faizabad and Varanasi) centres in NEPZ during 2012-13.

In addition to yield traits, observations on spot blotch data were recorded and maximum incidence score was recorded at Coochbehar location which shows that this is the hot spot for leaf blight material screening of wheat. Leaf rust was reported but most of the genotypes were found resistant.

Phenotyping of mapping population at hot spot and tagging of major QTLs associated with spot blotch resistance in wheat

The efforts were made for molecular tagging of major QTLs for spot blotch resistance in wheat using three sets of mapping populations namely; Sonalika/BH1146 (set-1), Kanchan/Chirya#1 (set-2) and HUW234/YM#6 (set-3). Multiplication and phenotyping of the RILs was done during the crop season 2011-12 and 2012-13 at DWR-Karnal, UBKV-Coochbehar and BCKV-Kalyani under natural conditions and in polyhouse under epiphytotic conditions at DWR, Karnal. At all the locations data were recorded in three replications and at three

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


different growth stages of the plant. Accordingly, based on disease severity, RILs were classified into six groups namely; highly resistant (HR), resistant (R), moderately resistant (MR), moderately susceptible (MS), susceptible (S) and highly susceptible (HS). The comparative distribution of RILs of Set 1 & 2 based on average infection response over two years at different locations has been compiled and presented (Tables 1.31 & 1.32).

Table 1.31. Average infection response of RILs in set-1 (Sonalika/BH1146) at different locations

Scale Response Coochbehar Kalyani Karnal Polyhouse

00-01 HR 4 4 14 03

12-24 R 46 59 70 33

36-46 MR 58 62 103 73

56-68 MS 75 67 18 68

78-89 S 26 22 12 32

99 HS 10 5 2 10

Total 219 219 219 219

Table 1.32. Average infection response of RILs in set-2 (Kanchan/Chirya#1) at different locations

Scale Response Coochbehar Kalyani Karnal Polyhouse

00-01 HR 6 1 2 04

12-24 R 25 32 117 114

34-46 MR 53 104 83 27

56-68 MS 106 65 3 45

78-89 S 17 9 7 14

99 HS 7 3 2 10

Total 214 214 214 214

It was found that Coochbehar location has more disease pressure as very few entries were in highly resistant category whereas, maximum entries were in susceptible and highly susceptible categories. The entries in the RILs were of medium heading duration (71-85 days after sowing) and took on an average 4-6 days to reach 50 percent flowering stage. The small variation in phenological traits could be useful in identifying resistant genotypes having direct influence of duration. The other interesting observation was for plant height, which indicated that taller genotypes were in general better for disease resistance.

The correlations estimated between days to heading, AUDPC and plant height with disease response are presented in (Fig 1.2). It was found that as expected AUDPC increased with disease response whereas, plant height and days to heading decreasing trends with infection response.

When the days to heading were plotted with disease response, it was observed that longer duration and tall genotypes have comparatively less disease, while as expected AUDPC increased in susceptible genotypes.

The biochemical parameters viz. phenol, peroxidase activity and lignin content associated with disease resistance were estimated in 7 genotypes of Set-1 (Sonalika/BH1146) and 7 genotypes of Set-2 (Kanchan/Chirya#1) along with susceptible check (Sonalika). The plants were inoculated at 28 days after sowing with virulent strain of Bipolaris sorokiniana and leaves were collected after 4 days of inoculation. The results indicated that all the parameters were higher in the resistant RILs as compared to susceptible check, Sonalika following

Fig 1.2. Correlation of days to heading and AUDPC with disease resistance in cross Sonalika/BH1146

infection. The resistant plants with higher levels of protection against Bipolaris infection also recorded significant increases in the levels of phenols, peroxidase as well as lignin content with minor variations.

Genotyping with polymorphic SSR markers RILs for identifying QTLs

In the RIL population Sonalika/BH1146, about 700 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used

to screen parental lines. A total of 120 SSR markers were found polymorphic. Maximum frequency of marker polymorphism was observed on B genome (42.5%) followed by A genome (33.0%) and D genome (24.5%). Chi-square test and phenotypic variation (R2) using single marker analysis was calculated. Only few markers did not fit into the test ratio of 1:1 when calculated using chi-square test. Out of 75 markers screened in the selected set of 46 RILs, 33 markers

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


showed phenotypic variation (R2) of more than 3 percent when analyzed with phenotypic data.

Development of RILs for heat and drought tolerance

The work development of RILs for heat and drought tolerance in wheat was initiated in anticipation of DBT supported project and accordingly following populations have been developed (Table 1.33).

Table 1.33. RILS developed for heat and drought tolerance

Combination Trait Component lines

C 306/HD 2967 Drought 334

DHARWAD DRY/HUW468 Drought 346

NP846/DBW17 Drought 237

NP846/HUW468 Drought 219

NP846/HUW234 Drought 166

NI5439/MACS2496 Heat 240

WH730/MACS2496 Heat 271

WH147/HD2967 Heat 106

RAJ3765/UP2382 Heat 125

Total 2044

This material has now reached to F6 generation stage and some observations have been recorded. However, phenotyping of material with more traits will be taken up after receiving financial support.

Wheat improvement for water logging, salinity and element toxicity

The salient achievements made under this Indo-Australian Collaborative project at DWR, Karnal over last four crop seasons are summarized below.

i. Pooled data analysis of Biplot experiment showed significant differences among environments and traits. Significant correlation coefficients between plant height, 1000 grains weight, grains per spike and spike weight with grain yield was observed which indicated role of component traits on yield. The final year of experiment on large plot testing of selected 25 lines of bi-plot analysis experiment was done under five environments in RBD with three replications.

ii. The estimates for traits including plant height, day to heading and days to maturity in 1140 individual F6 progeny lines of three SSD populations revealed wide variation and a good choice for individual traits. The SSD populations are now almost fixed and could be utilized for phenotyping and genotyping studies The phenotypic distribution of Helminthosporium leaf blight disease score under field condition in the SSD populations will also support to identify resistant lines.

iii. Among the two double haploid populations evaluated at DWR, the population (Camm/HD2329) was in general better than other population under neutral soils. High estimates of heritability were recorded in this population than the other population for grain yield per meter (99.67%), tillers/meter (98.12%), plant height (97.08%), days to maturity (96.71%) and 1000 grains weight (96.71%). Large plot evaluation of double haploid lines has resulted in identification of some promising lines for specific traits and conditions.

iv. During 2012-13, 160 lines were evaluated under water logged and non-water logged conditions at DWR, Karnal. Significant correlations were estimated between tillers per meter (0.66) and 1000 grain weight (0.61) with grain yield. The best check for non-waterlogged condition was DBW 16, whereas, test entries NW 1067, BH 1146, RW 3684 and WH 1021 had shown promise for non-waterlogged conditions under neutral soils. For waterlogged condition, the best check was KRL3-4, while HD 2009 remained lowest yielder. Test entries NW 4018, BH 1146, DBW 51 and NW 4092 showed promise for higher yield under waterlogging.

Wheat Improvement for warmer areas New cross combinations and their evaluation for parental diversification

358 cross combinations were attempted during 2012-13 that included diverse genotypes as parents with the objective to broaden the parental diversity for hybrid development programme. These crosses involved synthetics, Chinese germplasm, elite material from national and international nurseries /trials as parents for broadening the genetic base of the material to be used in hybrid development programme. 472 F1s made in 2011-12 season were evaluated for yield and component traits alongwith 9 checks namely, DBW 17, HD 2967, DBW 16, K 0307, CBW 38, DBW 14, GW 322, NIAW 917 and NIAW 34 during 2012-13 and better performing cross-combinations were carried forwarded to next filial generation.

Evaluation of advanced bulks in PYT

127 advanced bulks were evaluated for various yield traits along with 09 checks namely DBW 17, HD 2967, DBW 16, DBW 14, CBW 38, K307, GW 322, NIAW 34 and NIAW 917 in six rowed plot of 6.0 m length in 02 replications. Same set was also evaluated under restricted irrigation, rainfed and late sown conditions in double row plot of 2m length. Based on the yield and disease reactions, following entries were found promising and were promoted to station trials of the DWR during 2013-14 (Table 1.34).

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


Contribution to station trials

During 2012-13, sixteen entries were contributed to DWR station trial (5 in timely sown, 7 in late sown, 4 in A+D) out of which 2 entries namely DWAP 1209 (DBW 148) and DWAP 1208 (DBW 151) have been promoted to NIVT 3 during 2013-14.

Contribution to coordinated trials and performance of entries in NIVTs and AVTs

During 2012-13, three genotypes namely DBW 126 (NIVT 3), DBW 129 (NIVT 5A) & DBW 132 (NIVT 2) were contributed in the coordinated trials out of which DBW 126 was promoted to AVT –LS-NEPZ and DBW 129 to AVT-RI-NWPZ during 2013-14. During 2012-13, wheat genotypes DBW 102, DBW 107 and DBW 110 were evaluated in different AVT-I trials. Among these, DBW 107 and DBW 110 were promoted to AVT-II-LS-IR-NEPZ and AVT-II-TS-RI-CZ, respectively. These entries also showed superior performance than the checks for yield but rust reactions restricted their promotion to final year of evaluation in other zones (Table 1.35).

Identification of wheat variety DBW 93 for restricted irrigated condition in peninsular zone

Wheat variety DBW 93 was identified for timely sown, restricted irrigation condition of PZ by the Varietal identification Committee during 52nd Wheat workshop at CSAUA&T, Kanpur in September, 2013. It showed significant yield advantage of more than 7% over the check varieties NI 5439 and NIAW 1415. In agronomical trials, highest yield advantage at one irrigation (34.5%) was observed in DBW 93. It showed resistance to the prevalent pathotypes of

Table 1.34. Promising entries in PYT 2012-13

Entry Yield (q/ha) Heading Maturity Plant ht. (cm) 1000 grains wt. (g) Yellow rust

Timely sown

PYT 2012-119 62.4 93 133 102 45 0

PYT 2012-38 48.9 95 129 108 45 0

PYT 2012-127 46.5 98 133 102 41 0

PYT 2012-30 45.7 93 128 104 43 TR

PYT 2012-77 44.7 97 128 91 39 0

HD 2967 (C) 43.3 97 129 104 40 0

Late sown

PYT 2012-78 43.2 97 128 94 39 0

PYT 2012-76 41.9 97 130 98 41 0

PYT 2012-42 39.9 97 131 103 39 0

PYT 2012-79 38.7 97 127 93 37 0

PYT 2012-86 36.2 93 130 97 35 TR

PYT 2012-52 35.2 93 131 93 47 0

DBW 14 (C) 32.5 87 125 82 42 0

Table 1.35. Performance of genotypes in NIVTs and entries in AVTs

Entry Yield (q/ha)

Rk (G) Yr (ACI) Lr (ACI) Promotion

NIVT 3: NEPZ

DBW 126 42.8 6 (1) 30MS (8.4)

10MR (1.6)

AVT-TS-IR-NEPZ

HD 2932(C) 41.2 15(1) - - -

NIVT 5A. RI: NWPZ

DBW 129 50.1 4(1) 20S(4.6) 20S (4.0)

AVT-TS-RI-NWPZ

WH 1080(C) 48.8 7(1) - - -

DBW 107 41.0 - - - AVT-LS-IR-NEPZ (AVT-II)

DBW 110 40.0 - - - AVT-TS-RI-CZ (AVT-II)

black (40A, 117-6) and brown (77-5, 104-2) rusts. It is also considered a premium wheat due to high protein content (15.0%), test weight (80.9kg/l), extraction rate (71.5%) and dry gluten content (11.4%).

Sharing and multilocation evaluation of breeding material

During 2012-13, a total of 9 stocks were contributed in NGSN and shared with 28 cooperating centres. The data from 25 centres was pooled which indicated the better performance of some genetic stocks for various traits compared to checks. These lines showed 20.8% utilization. PHS 1101, PHS 1104, PHS 1108 and PHS 1109 showed excellent performance for more than 2 traits in combination compared to the respective best checks. In addition, 30 segregating populations of F2 generation were also shared with 15 wheat breeding

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


centers through segregating stock nursery (SSN). Maximum number of plants (846) was selected from these populations showing 79.5 % utilization.

Under shuttle breeding activity, 508 segregating populations (F2-F4) and 299 advanced lines were shared with Jabalpur, Powarkheda, Junagarh and Vijapur centres in central India and Niphad & Dharwad centres in peninsular India for evaluation and selection. The selected material was advanced in off season nursery of DWR and further supplied to cooperating centres for utilization.

Durum breeding

Hybridization and development of breeding material

More than 250 lines including advance bulks were evaluated for yield and contributing traits, besides quality characteristics like beta-carotene, protein content, test weight and for brown and yellow rusts. The table 1.36 shows the number of crosses and their progenies in different filial generations.

Table 1.36. Crosses and their progenies evaluated and advanced

Generation No. of crosses (Progenies)

F1 65

F2 60

F3 50 (180)

F4 55 (200)

F5 35 (160)

F6 40 (150)

F7 40 (140)

Evaluation of genotypes under national coordinated trials

During the crop season four advance durum lines were evaluated in national coordinated trials; two genotypes DDW 27 and DDW 28 in NIVT-4, while other two genotypes DDW 29 and DDW 30 were evaluated in rainfed durum trial NIVT -5B. Out of these two genotypes, DDW 27 (AVT-TS in PZ) and DDW 30 (AVT-RF in CZ) were promoted to AVT trials. These entries showed good grain size, beta-carotene and grain appearance.

Contribution of durum lines to YCSN

During the reporting period, 8 genotypes were shared through Yield Component Screening Nursery (YCSN) with 25 centres. The feedback reports suggested that breeders used them extensively in the hybridization program for yield, TGW and more tillers (Table 1.37). Similarly ten F2 populations shared through Segregating Stock Nursery (SSN). Additionally, ten

F2 populations and 10 advance lines were shared with Niphad centre for shuttle breeding.

Table: 1.37. Durum promising lines identified through YCSN

Trait Genotype

Tillers/ meter DBPY-11-3, DBPY-12-1, DBPY-12-3, DBPY-6, DBPY-12-8

Grains/ Spike DBPY-11-3, DBPY-11-1

TGW (G) DBPY 11-3

Spring ´ Winter Wheat Hybridization

The enhancement in yielding ability and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in spring wheat is aimed through spring x winter wheat hybridization. Winter wheats being endowed with novel features serve as a source for introducing new variability in the spring wheats. One of the objectives of the project is also to develop materials suitable for early planting in NWPZ. Quite a sizeable area under wheat in NWPZ is now under early planting which is done around third week of October. In the past farmers have tried many varieties in early sowing but due to non-adaptability such varieties did not perform very well. The derivatives from winter x spring wheat hybridization are naturally endowed with longer vegetative growth period which is a necessary characteristic for early sowing. The materials being selected for early planting are having longer vegetative phase, but are similar in crop duration to the popular varieties in the zone, and also better disease resistance and higher yield.

Sharing of segregating material

The material generated in the programme was provided to six centres for selection under diverse agro-ecological conditions. The collaborating centres under the programme are GBPUA&T-Pantnagar, NDUAT-Faizabad, RAU-Sabour, JNKV-ZARC-Powarkheda, SDAU-Vijapur, and DWR-RS Shimla. This programme at DWR Karnal also collaborates with VPKAS Almora for producing F2 segregating material.

The Spring x Winter wheat Segregating Stock Nursery (SWSN) comprising 44 crosses from F2 generation was shared with six cooperating centres. The segregating material was subjected to natural biotic and abiotic stresses at different centres. There was occurrence of yellow rust, brown rust at Pantnagar and powdery mildew, stem and leaf rust at Vijapur and leaf blight at Sabour and Faizabd. Regarding abiotic stresses the material was subjected to early heat at Vijapur and terminal heat and to sodic soils at Faizabad. At DWR-RS Shimla, the crosses were subjected to prevalent pathotypes of yellow and brown rust at seedling stage and the resistant plants were transplanted in the field

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


for further selection. The utilization of the SWSN at the cooperating centres was very encouraging and it reflected the usefulness of winter wheats in spring wheat improvement. The utilization report from cooperating centres showed that the percent utilization of the spring x winter crosses varied from 36% (Vijapur) to 100% (Faizabad and Powarkheda). At Powarkheda maximum single plants (315) were selected followed by Faizabad (229) and RAU Sabour (194) as shown in Table-1.38.

Table 1.38. Utilization report from cooperating centres

Name of the centre

Crosses utilized

no.

Utilization %

Plants selected

no.

Characteristics for which utilized

GBPUA&T-Pantnagar

34 77 80 Disease resistance and morphological characteristics

NDUAT-Faizabad

44 100 229 Yield components, disease resistance, morphological and seed characteristics

RAU-Sabour 41 93 194 Yield components, disease resistance and seed characteristics.

JNKV-ZARC-Powarkheda

44 100 315 Yield components, disease resistance and seed characteristics

SDAU-Vijapur 16 36 34 Yield components, disease resistance and morphological traits

DWR-RS Shimla

41 93 - Disease resistance

The major selections across the cooperating centres were done in the crosses with pedigree Raj4119/PHS0729//F81513/MILAN, QLD31/F81513/MILAN, VL900/AGRI/NAC//ATTILA, and VL895/HUW609//DBW22/CHINA84-400022.

During the crop season 2013-14, 42 cross-combinations were shared with the seven cooperating centres for on-site selection and utilization of the material.

Evaluation of breeding materials

The various filial generations of the spring x wheat breeding material were evaluated and single plant selections and bulking of advance generation materials were made during the crop season. Some of the promising cross-combinations having high tillering, longer spikes and bold grains with good appearance in advance generations (F6 and F7) are presented in Table-1.39. Two preliminary yield trials (PYTs) each having twenty-three entries and two checks were conducted to select suitable lines for

further evaluation in multilocational DWR Station Trials. The promising cross-combinations for yield in PYTs along with characteristics are given in Table-1.40.

From the PYTs, twelve entries were contributed to DWR Station Trials during the 2013-14 crop season. Further, five entries were also contributed to Salanity/Alkalinity nursery during the crop season.

Table 1.39. Promising cross combinations in F6/F7 generations

Cross combination Characteristics

F81.513/Milan2//HW3067 High tillering, medium-late maturity, longer spikes

90Zhong65/UP2572//HRWYT28 High tillering, medium-late maturity and bold grains with good appearance

90Zhong65/UP2572//UP2556/Wugeng8025

High tillering, medium-late maturity and longer spikes with good appearance

KYZ9712/Wugeng8025//IGPSN149

High tillering, longer spikes and bold grains with good appearance

UP2425/Centurk/PHR1010 High tillering, strong stem and bold grains

PHR1014/Zander33 High tillering, medium-late maturity and longer spikes

Table 1.40. Promising cross-combinations in preliminary yield trials

Cross Combination Characteristics

UP 2425/Zander33 Resistant to leaf (ACI=1.3) and high tillering

HUW 548/Mv231-98 Resistant to leaf rust (Score=0) and stripe rust (ACI=6.3)

90Zhong65/UP 2572 High tillering and high thousand-grains weight (48g)

UP 2556/Mv231-98 Resistant to leaf rust (Score=0) and bold seeds

During the May ‘13 about 600 breeding lines were sown at off-season nursery DWR-RS, Dalang Maidan for generation advancement and making selections in the breeding lines based on disease reaction.

During the crop season 2013-14, two PYTs with 72 entries were sown for yield evaluation. The breeding materials sown during the season for evaluation and selection included 340 F1 and 193 F2 crosses, and filial generation families numbering 533 in F3, 188 in F4, 193 in F5, 87 in F6, 59 in F7 and 19 in F8 generation.

New spring ´ winter wheat crosses

Fifty-five winter wheat parental lines were grown under natural photoperiod conditions on 22nd October 2013 which came to heading during second fortnight of March ’14. 340 F1s were sown in 2013-14 crop season for making further crosses in particular cross-combinations. A total of 470 spring x winter wheat crosses were made at Karnal which included 385 three-way crosses and 85 single crosses involving winter and spring wheat parents.

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


Contribution of entries to coordinated trials

During 2012-13, six genotypes were tested in coordinated varietal trials. These genotypes were DBW 99 (HD 2618/HJA70581//HD 2590) in NIVT-1A-Old, DBW 115 (UP2572/Wugeng8025) in NIVT-1A-New, DBW 121 (WBLL1*2/KKTS) & DBW 124 (HUW548/Mv231-98) in NIVT-1B and DBW 133 (SOKOLL/WBLL1) in NIVT-5A and DBW 131 (WHEAR//2*PRL/2*PASTOR) in Salinity/Alkalinity trial.

In 2013-14 crop season, a total of nine entries were contributed to national trails out of which 4 entries were contributed NIVT-1A (DBW 134, DBW 136, DBW 138 and DBW 140), 2 entries in NIVT-1B (DBW 141, DBW 144), 2 entries in NIVT-5A (DBW 152, DBW 153) and one entry (DBW 155) in Salanity/Alkalinity trial.

Genetic studies on abiotic stress tolerance in wheat

In order to study inheritance of various traits under heat stress using six generation means of 7 crosses namely, K7903/RAJ4088, K7903/P11632, HD2808/P11632, HD2808/HUW510, K7903/RAJ4014, HD2808/RAJ4014 and WH730/HUW510 were raised under timely and late sown conditions. Data recorded revealed that the traits days to heading, grain weight/

spike, thousand grains weight and photosynthetic efficiency were governed by additive dominant model. The crosses have been sown again to validate the results. 46 F1s and 38 BC1 and BC2 were developed using four heat tolerant genotypes namely, WH 730, NIAW34, HD2808, K 7903 and four heat susceptible germplasm namely Raj 4014, Raj 4088, HUW 510, JRP selection 11632. 44 F1s were also raised and F2s harvested.

Sixteen RIL populations developed for heat and drought tolerance were advanced to next generation; 6 populations from F3 to F4, 3 populations F4 to F5, 2 populations F5 to F6, 3 F6 to F7 and 3 F7 to F8.

Phenotyping of RILs population

RIL population (HD2808/HUW510) consisting of 343 lines was phenotyped along with parents under normal (timely) and stress (late) environments for terminal heat tolerance. Three lines had less reduction in grain filling duration than HUW 510 and twenty-four lines had more reduction than HD 2808. Twenty lines had less reduction in grain weight/spike than tolerant parent HD 2808 and forty-one lines had more reduction than susceptible parent HUW 510. Ninety-five lines had less reduction in TGW than HD 2808 and thirteen lines had more reduction than HUW 510 (Fig. 1.3).

Fig. 1.3. Reduction in (A) grain filling duration, (B) grain weight/spike and (C) 1000-grains weight under late sown condition in HD2808/HUW510 RIL component lines

(A)

(B)

(C)

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


Fig. 1.4. Heat and drought susceptibility indices in indigenous genotypes

Evaluating indigenous and exotic germplasm accessions for drought and heat tolerance

Indigenous germplasm accessions: Thirty-nine indigenous germplasm accessions were evaluated for heat tolerance under both field as well as temperature controlled glasshouse conditions and for drought tolerance under rainfed conditions for second consecutive year. Genotypes IC 31488, IC 31488A, IC 78856, IC 78753B, IC 28938B, IC 36761A, IC 57889B, IC 28661, IC 78869A and IC 41504 were less sensitive

to both drought and heat conditions. Genotypes IC 28599, IC 78094B, IC 59579A, IC 59575A, IC 28669A, IC 28692A, IC 57983B, IC 59128B and IC 30290B were were less sensitive to high temperature conditions. Genotypes IC 128335, IC 78762B, IC 59572A, IC 57586, IC 30276A, IC 78872, IC 57985, IC 28665, IC 31405B, IC 128342 and IC 78764A were less sensitive to drought conditions. Two genotypes IC31488 and IC31488A had 1000-grains weight more than 40g and were tolerant to both stresses (Fig. 1.4).

Fig. 1.5. Heat and drought susceptibility indices in exotic genotypes having 1000-grains weight more than 40g

Exotic germplasm accessions: Thirty-nine exotic germplasm accessions were evaluated for heat and drought tolerance under field conditions. Sowing was done under timely irrigated, timely rainfed and late irrigated conditions. Genotypes SOMAT 12, EC 201931, PI 360865, SEL III, OAMPESTRE4, SPEAR, PI 422294, OAMPESTRE5, EC 378785, PI 430048, PARVA, EC 407640, WALOR 01, EC 378779, IC 57586 and SEL 212 were less sensitive to both drought and

heat conditions. Genotypes PI 176287, EC 362138, EC 407765, EC 362093, PI 176290, CITR 7304, EC 378765, EC 378761, EC 378781, EC 407754 and EC 362104 were were less sensitive to high tempearature conditions. Genotypes SOMAT 12, EC 201931, PI 360865, SEL III, OAMPESTRE4, SPEAR and PI 422294 had thousand grains weight more than 40g and were tolerant to both stress conditions (Fig. 1.5).

Evaluation of synthetic wheats for heat tolerance

Seventy-five synthetic wheat lines were evaluated for heat tolerance under polyhouse and field conditions for the second consecutive year during 2012-13. The post heading average maximum temperature under late sown conditions was 3.20C higher than the normal temperature whereas minimum temperature was higher by 2.80C. Under temperature controlled conditions, sowing was done in two sets of pots. One set was shifted to temperature controlled glasshouse at heading. The temperature inside the glasshouse was set 2-30C higher than outside. Synthetic lines 137,

143, 145, 153, 154, 165, 170, 172, 183, 186, 196, 202, 204, 205, 206, 209, 222, 230, 231, 239, 248, 250, 453, 466 and 468 had marginal reduction in grain filling duration; synthetic lines 149, 150, 196, 200, 202, 209, 210, 223, 231, 232 and 234 had less than 10% reduction in grain number/ spike; synthetic lines 148, 150, 153, 170, 176, 187, 192, 196, 210, 239 and 254 had lesser reduction in 1000-grains weight than their counterparts under non-stress conditions (Fig. 1.6). Based on heat sensitivity index for thousand grain weight, synthetic lines 148, 150, 153, 170, 187, 196, 210, 239 and 254 were less sensitive under stress conditions. The synthetic line 432 had significantly higher reduction in grain

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


filling duration under stress conditions; lines 135, 136, 237 and 466 had more than 25% reduction in grain weight/spike and lines 183 had more than 25% reduction in 1000-grains weight and lines 183, 212 and 241 were more sensitive to high temperature conditions.

Evaluation of wild species for chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence and canopy temperature depression

Ninety-six accessions of wild species were evaluated for abiotic stress tolerance. Accessions of Aegilops juvenelis, Ae. squarosa, Ae. columnaris, Ae. urartu, Ae. compactum, Ae. ovata, Ae. carthlicum, Ae. longissima, Ae. spelta, Ae. triumcialis, Ae. triasistata, Ae. peregrina and Ae. polonicum had high fluorescence value at heading. Accessions of Aegilops ventricosa, Ae. triumcialis, Ae. sphaerococcum, Ae. carthlicum, Ae. polonicum and Ae. ovata had high chlorophyll content index (CCI) at heading. Maximum variability for CCI was recorded in Aegilops ovata, Ae. polonicum and Ae. peregrina. Accessions of Aegilops squarrosa, Ae. vavilovii, Ae. sphaerococcum, Ae. umbellulata, Ae. juvenelis, Ae. peregrine, Ae. carthlicum, Ae. timopheevii, Ae. dicoccoides, Ae. ventricosa, Ae. geniculata and Triticum dicoccum had 4.0 to 6.00C cooler canopy. Maximum variability for the trait was recorded in accessions of Aegilops squarrosa, Ae. triasistata and Ae. carthlicum. Thirty-three accessions were used in crossing programme to transfer the desired traits into varieties/ advanced breeding lines with good agronomic base.

Biotechnological interventions

Study on genetic diversity among Indian wheat varieties using microsatellite (SSR) markers

The genetic diversity and population structure among 319 Indian wheat varieties was studied using SSR markers. Considering their high level of polymorphism, the chosen primers were very informative. Analysis of molecular data obtained was carried out using Jaccob’s similarity model and Bayesian statistics. The grouping obtained through UPGMA unrooted neighbour joining tree was found to be comparable to the Bayesian clusters

obtained through STRUCTURE analysis. Since, the genotypes belong only to Indian sub-continent, clear distinction could not be made about the distribution of genotypes in different groups on the basis of their region. North western plains zone and northern hills zone contributed maximum number of genotypes in the present work leading to their high number in each group. In groups one, two and three, genotypes belonging to these regions were found predominately. However, in group four, genotypes from central zone and peninsular zone were contributing more as compared to NWPZ. Almost equal numbers of genotypes were obtained from all zones in sub-population five and seven. PZ and NHZ were found better representation in group six.

Results obtained, however from intrapopulation genetic diversity analysis revealed that the majority of genotypes included in sub-pop1 were hexaploid in nature which might have lead to its lower variability. Higher variation in sub-pop 4 may be due to the presence of different type of wheat varieties falling under categories of aestivum, durum and triticale.

Coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst), is an important indicator of proportion of variation among populations and is directly proportional to the amount of variation among them. Intra-variety genetic diversity (Dst=0.0758) obtained in the present study was relatively lower, consequently the coefficient of genetic differentiation was also low (Gst=0.19) depicting that only 19% of the variability was present among the populations and most of the variation (81%) lies within the population. For comparison of the group of populations and to assess their distinctiveness, AMOVA was utilized. The results of AMOVA were also found comparable to Gst, depicting that the variability was prominently conserved within the sub-populations (78.51%) in comparison to among the sub-populations (21.49%). In this study the Nm obtained (2.0654) was high showing genetic exchange among the populations might have lead to low genetic differentiation among them.

To understand the extent and distribution of genetic diversity, genotypes were categorised on the basis of their origin by utilizing the clustering obtained

Fig. 1.6. Reduction (%) in grain filling duration (GFD), grain weight/spike (GW), thousand grain weight (TGW) and susceptibility index of synthetic lines under stress conditions

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


(Fig.1.7). The range of distribution obtained can help the breeding programs in selection of parents with good genetic diversity as background. Different level of variability was obtained for research centres distributed across India. Relatively higher level of genetic diversity was revealed by genetic markers in the cultivars belonging to research station: JNKVV Powarkheda, IARI RRS Shimla, DWR RRS Shimla, DWR Karnal, CCSHAU Hisar, IARI New Delhi and PAU Ludhiana. Next was the category consisting of cultivars from centres such as UAS Dharwad, SKRAU Durgapur, MPKV Niphad, IARI RRS Wallington and BHU Varanasi which were distributed predominately across two groups implying that genetic background was relatively less. Four local landraces, included in the present study, got evenly distributed to 2, 3, 4 and 5th group. Since, number of genotypes put to study from the centres, AAU RRS Arnej, IARI-Pusa, CSKHPKV-Malan, ARS-Niphad, SKUAST-Jammu and VPKAS-Almora were few, it was difficult to conclude the panorama.

Diverse parental genotypes can be selected for favourable combinations with the aim to broaden the genetic base and progeny performance for complex traits such as yield and partial disease resistance. Present study on genetic diversity will thus be useful for planning future studies on wheat genetic resources.

Exploring role of miRNAs in C306 wheat genotype

Tolerance to abiotic stress such as heat, drought, waterlogging, metal toxicity and salt conditions involves a complex interplay of numerous molecular mechanisms. Studies have shown that small RNAs are playing an important role in stress tolerance regulatory

mechanisms. In order to understand the differential regulatory mechanism in wheat, expression profile of selected abiotic stress-responsive miRNAs involved in adaption to drought was examined in the variety C-306. Figure 1.8 shows that under drought stress C-306 has resulted in differential expression of six miRNAs. The accumulation of miR393, miR1029, and miR172 was significantly higher, however, drought had no major effect on the expression profiling of miR529 as compared to mock treated plants. These findings indicate that diverse set of miRNAs could play an important role in mitigating drought stress responses in wheat.

Fig. 1.7. Sub-populations identified (Center-wise) using genetic diversity as revealed by genetic markers in the genotypes studied

Fig. 1.8. miRNA expression under stress in wheat variety C-306

Variability in TILLING population

Exploiting natural or induced genetic variability is a proven strategy in the improvement of all major food crops including wheat. Mutagenesis is an important tool in crop improvement to generate genetic variability for identification of improved or novel phenotypes that can be exploited in conventional plant breeding programmes and genetic studies. The wheat cultivar DPW621-50 (KAUZ//ALTAR84/AOS/3/MILAN/KAUZ/4/HUITES) released during 2010-11 for timely sown and irrigated conditions of North Western Plain Zone (NWPZ) of India was used to generate a mutant population for TILLING. One spike from each M1 plant was harvested and a single seed from each spike was used to generate M2 plant population and data (plant height, tiller numbers, thousand grains weight and number of seeds/spike) was recorded on individual M2 plants.

The highest frequency (52.2%) of lines had similar height between 91-100cm to the non-mutagenized DPW 621-50 control followed by 28.9% of lines with height between 81-90cm. Only 1.8% of lines had the height less than 70cm. The shortest and tallest plant had 31cm and 115cm height, respectively. A large variation was observed in number of tillers/plant which ranged from 1-35. The highest frequency (37.6%) of lines had 11-15 tillers/plant which was similar to control genotype. Few lines (0.35%) had more than 70 seeds per spike with normal seed size as their TGW ranged between 34.8-43.8g. The highest frequency (32.09%) lines had 31-40 seeds/

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


spike followed by 29.84% lines with 41-50 seeds/spike (Fig. 1.9).

SNPs identified in Acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene conferring clodinafop resistance in Phalaris minor

Phalaris minor Retz. (littleseed canary grass) is the most dominant and problematic grass weed of irrigated wheat in northern plains zone. The excessive dependence on herbicide clodinafop to control this weed led to evolution of resistance against this herbicide and now the repeated application of clodinafop at double doses is not providing the control. This herbicide blocks the fatty acid biosynthesis by inhibiting the Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) enzyme. To identify the molecular basis of

resistance, the CT domain of ACCase gene resistant and susceptible biotypes were sequenced and compared. Two non-synonymous mutations were found in the resistant and susceptible types of Phalaris minor. The nucleotide sequences of one resistant populations differed from susceptible by a single nucleotide substitution of G/T that resulted in substitution of Trp2027 to Cys in the resistant population, whereas a substitution of T/A resulted in substitution of Ile2041 to Asn. Efficient and rapid diagnosis of resistance is essential to maintain herbicide efficacy by preventing further resistance selection when resistance has evolved in a weed population and to avoid ineffective herbicide applications (Fig. 1.10).

Fig 1.9. Frequency distribution of M2 population based on no. of tillers/plant, thousand grain weight and no. of seeds/spike

Fig. 1.10. Nucleotide sequence comparison of resistant (R1 and R2) and susceptible (S) biotypes of P. minor

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


Molecular characterization of wheat varieties for stem rust resistance

Indian wheat varieties for NHZ and NEPZ regions were characterized at molecular level using Sr gene specific markers. Presence of Sr2 gene was confirmed using closely linked marker GWM533 in varieties like BW11 (+), D134 (-), HP1102 (+), HP1493 (-), HUW206 (+), K9107 (+), KRL-1-4 (-), KRL19 (-), NW2036 (+), PBW443 (+), K7410 (+), K8804 (+), K8020 (+), K8962 (+), HS295 (+), HPW42 (-), UP1109 (-), NP846 (-), VL401 (-), VL421 (-). Gene based marker Sr24#12 used for tracing the presence of Sr24 gene amplified specific 500bp fragment in only two genotypes viz. HD2888, HUW533 and HW2045. Sr25 was confirmed using gene specific marker Gb and two varieties, HS295 & UP1109 amplified diagnostic fragment of 130bp.

On the basis of APR and SRT data, promising stem rust resistant genotypes were selected for use in crossing programme to target novel rust resistance genomic regions. F1s of crosses attempted at off season nursery were sown for generation advancement in crop season 2013-14 at DWR, Karnal. Similarly, crosses were attempted using prominent Indian wheat genotypes like DPW621-50, HD2967, DBW14, HUW510, HI977 and PBW343 to introgress Sr39 gene from exotic source HR22 Hartog.

Genotypic variations in the expression level of antioxidative genes in wheat

A study was carried to find out the changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes in four genotypes (C306, AKAW3717, PBW343, HD2687) growing under normal and water deficit conditions in medium (45%) and severe stress (75%) in 6 replications in pots (Fig.1.11). Relative water content (RWC) of all the genotypes was significantly affected in both the stresses compared to control. The decrease in leaf RWC was found highest in PBW343 (38.9%) and HD2687 (38.8%) in severe stress at anthesis stage.

Chlorophyll index showed significant decrease in all the genotypes in both medium and severe stress at anthesis stage. DSI (Drought susceptibility index) of selected genotypes ranged from 0.62 to 1.4 i.e. C306 (0.62), AKAW3717 (0.71), PBW343 (0.85) and HD2687 (1.4).

On the basis of biochemical analysis, the highest activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) under water stress was observed in C306 and AKAW3717 and the lowest in HD2687 followed by PBW343. After 5th day, SOD did not show significant variation among the different genotypes (Fig 1.12). Catalase activity showed increase in all the selected genotypes upto 5th day of stress, maximum in PBW 343. As the severity and the duration of stress further increased, the activity of catalase declined in all the four genotypes in medium as well as under severe stress. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure the expression levels of antioxidant genes during controlled and water stressed conditions in varieties C306 and HD2687 at anthesis stage. The antioxidant genes monitored were mitochondrial manganese-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), chloroplastic Cu-Zn Superoxide dismutase (Cu-ZnSOD), iron-superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) and catalase (CAT1 and CAT2). The expression levels were upregulated (MnSOD), and relatively constant (FeSOD and Cu-ZnSOD) in C306. In comparison to non-stressed plants, the catalase (CAT1) activity was upregulated in water stressed plants in drought tolerant genotypes. Based on the magnitude of upregulation, it appeared that MnSOD in mitochondria and enzymes active in the water- cycle in chloroplasts are the primary antioxidant enzymes protecting the organelles. The observed data shows that status of antioxidant enzymes could provide a meaningful tool for depicting drought tolerance of a wheat genotype.

Fig. 1.11. Genotype (C306) grown in pots under control (C), medium (45%) and severes stress (75%)

Fig. 1.12. Effect of water stress in control (C), medium (M) and severe (S) condition on the SOD activity at various time intervals in variety C306 at anthesis stage

cr

op im

pr

ovem

en

t


2 Crop proTECTIoN

Crop Protection Programme covers three disciplines, namely Pathology, Entomology and Nematology. The major thrust areas are: crop health monitoring (including grain health), distribution of rust pathotypes,: host resistance, rust resistance gene postulation, pest management (host resistance, tillage options, chemical control and IPM modules). The highlights of the programme are given hereunder:

Host resistance

For providing support to the wheat breeding programme, evaluation of disease/pest screening nurseries was undertaken at various hot spot locations under natural and artificially inoculated conditions. The major nurseries were: IPPSN, PPSN, EPPSN, MDSN, MPSN, and disease/pest specific nurseries.

The Initial Plant Pathological Nursery (IPPSN), with 1495 entries and Plant Pathological Screening Nursery (PPSN) with 586 genotypes including checks, are the main nurseries which are the major components of the Decision Support System in promotion of entries from one stage to the other, and finally the identification of genotypes for release. The other nurseries that are evaluated at hot-spot multi-locations are, LBSN, KBSN, LSSN, PMSN and nurseries for diseases of limited importance (FHB, foot rot, hill bunt, flag smut), EPPSN, MDSN, MPSN and were also evaluated against nematodes and insect pests. AVT entries were evaluated at specific locations for Race Specific Adult Plant Resistance (APR) to three rusts (brown, black and yellow). Slow rusting lines for different rusts were identified by calculating the Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) at Karnal (stripe rust) and Mahabaleshwar (leaf & stem rusts) centres. Constitiution of plant pathological nurseries during 2012-13 has been shown below:

Based on rigorous multilocation evaluation, following genotypes having with multiple disease resistance were identified.

Fig. 2.1. Constitution of different plant pathological nurseries during 2012-13

Multiple disease resistance

I. Resistant to rusts

MACS3742, DBW58, HS534, TL2968, UP2763, TL2969, HI8703, UAS320, HI8722, HPW360, HS545, HUW640, MACS3828, PBW648, TL2975, VL941, HI8713, HI8715, KRL304 and PDW324

II. Resistant to rusts + PM

MACS3742, DBW58, HS534, TL2968, UP2763, TL2969, UAS320, HI8722, HPW349, HPW360, HS545, MACS3828, TL2975, HI8713, HI8115, KRL304 and PDW324

III. Resistant to rusts + PM +KB + FS

MACS3742, TL2969, HI8722, HPW360, MACS3828, TL2975, HI8713, HI8715 and PDW324

IV. Resistant to rusts + LB

HS545, HUW640, PBW648, TL2975 and VL941

V. Resistant to rusts + LB + PM

HS545 and TL2975

VI. Resistant to rusts + LB + PM +KB + FS

TL2975

Utilization of resistance sources through NGSN

A total of 40 entries known for confirmed sources of multiple disease and insect pests resistance were contributed in the NGSN, 2012-13. They were planted at 20 breeding centres located at different agro-climatic zones of country for their utilization in breeding programme against various biotic stresses. All the entries were utilized in the range of 0-42% except the entry HI8709(d). The entries utilized @20% or more by various centres were HUW629, VL943, VL944, HS525, PBW617, DBW60, HUW638, RAJ4201, RAJ4205, DBW62, HS533, KRL250, UAS327, HPW289, VL931, HI1569, WH1094, HPW338, HPW347, PBW635, PBW640, NW4091 and VL930. The increasing trend among the breeders in utilizing the sources of resistance for all rusts and KB, LB, FS and PM will help the breeding programme in long run to combat the diseases.

Preparedness to combat Ug99

Indian wheat advance lines (200) were evaluated at Kenya and Ethiopia for resistance against Ug99, as a part of our strategy to meet the threat in case this pathotype is able to enter India.

cr

op p

ro

tec

tio

n


Survey and surveillance

Pre- harvest crop health monitoring

Crop health was rigorously monitored during the crop season as well during the off-season in the high hills of Himachal Pradesh (Lahaul, Spiti, Kullu and Kinnaur) and J&K (Ladakh). Major focus was on the occurrence of yellow rust and surveillance for the stem rust pathotype, Ug99. Status of other diseases, including leaf rust was also monitored during these survey trips. Advisory for stripe rust management was regularly issued during December to March. In June, 2013, advisory was issued for stripe rust management in Himachal Pradesh. Information on wheat crop health was disseminated through the "Wheat Crop Health Newsletter", Vol. 18 which was issued on monthly basis during the crop season. This was also put on DWR website (http://www.dwr.in). The overall crop health status was satisfactory in the country except for the yellow rust in NHZ and NWPZ, leaf rust in Karnataka and cut worm at Shillongani research centre. Wheat rusts were widely distributed, however, except for the yellow rust which appeared with high intensity in some areas in Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, there was no major incidence of other rusts. Yellow rust was observed in some localities and timely application of chemicals controlled its further spread. In totality there was no significant loss caused by wheat rusts in India.

Stripe rust status in North West Plains Zone and Northern Hill Zone

Punjab: First incidence of stripe rust was observed in village Mehindpur (near Chidouri, Saheed Bhagat Singh Nagar) in Punjab on January 9, 2013. In mid January, stripe rust (20S) was observed in a field of village Surewal in Ropar district. Stripe rust was also reported from a farmer’s field in Hoshiarpur during 1st week of February, 2013. During mid February, stripe rust was observed on varieties, HD2733, HD2894, WH711, PBW343, Barbet and PBW550 in Ropar in villages, Shergarh, Fassemand, Mohan Majra, Lakhewal, Bela, Rasidpur, Fatehgarh Veera, and Balowal. Till mid-March, though stripe rust has shown its presence in Punjab but it was not widespread except on varieties HD2733, HD2894, WH711, PBW550, Barbet near Satluj river bank in a radius of 1 Km in villages Shergarh and Fasse Mand in Ropar district. In Ludhiana, stripe rust (5-40S) was observed on DBW17, PBW550, HD2967, DPW621-50 and un-recommended varieties in SBS Nagar (Mahindpur, Chhidhouri, Ballowal, Saunkhri, Saroya, Mujowal Majara, Majari, Langroya, Taprian). In Ropar (Surewal, Mothapur, Fatehgarh Veeran, Mohan Majra, Sultanpur, Shergarh, Sarangpur, Lakhewal, Abhiyana, Dhahe, Phasemund), 5-40S stripe rust severity was noticed on varieties, HD2967, DBW17, PBW550, Barbet, HD2733 and un-recommended varieties. In Hoshiarpur, HD2967, DBW17, PBW550,

Barbet, HD2733 and un-recommended varieties were infected with stripe rust (5-20S). Stripe rust (5-20S) was observed on varieties, DBW17, PBW550, HD2967 and DPW621-50 in Gurdaspur, Patiala, Amritsar, Bhatinda, Ludhiana, Sangrur, Faridkot, Jallandhar, Fathegarh Sahib and Ferozpur. In the districts of SBS Nagar and Ropar, disease was reported in mid January and 1st week of February. However, in the rest of districts, disease was noticed in the 4th week of February. The incidence was more on the varieties, DBW17, PBW550, PBW343 and certain un-recommended varieties whereas it was low on HD2967 and DPW621-50. The disease was observed in 57 villages in ten blocks of Hoshiarpur. Stripe rust was observed in Hoshiarpur district (Mahilpur & Hoshiarpur-II blocks) on varieties Super172, WL711, DBW17, PBW550, HD2894, DPW621-50 and HD2967.

Haryana: Stripe rust occurrence was widespread in Yamunanagar district. Two foci of stripe rust were observed during January 30-31, 2013 on two wheat varieties (HD2967, DBW17) in a farmer’s field in village Madhubans (Radaur, Yamunanagar). On Feb. 27, 2013, stripe rust was noticed in severe form in varieties, Super172, WH711, HD2851, RAJ3765 planted in large scale in village Sarawa (450 acres affected) in Yamunanagar district. Severity of the disease was upto 60S. In other villages of Sadhaura block, stripe rust was observed (20-40S). In village Jaroda (Jagadhri block), one foci of 30S (4 sq. meter) of stripe rust was observed on HD2967. Stripe rust was observed also in Ambala, Panchkula, Kurukshetra, Panipat, Karnal, Kaithal and Sirsa districts but severity was low.

Himachal Pradesh: The overall crop condition was very good in all the areas of the state due to the rains received at regular intervals at critical crop stages. Overall severity of stripe rust remained moderate not causing much loss to wheat crop. The severity of stripe rust was high (more than 40S) on susceptible varieties like HPW 42, HPW 184, HPW211, HPW251, HS240, HS277, HS420, VL804, VL829, PBW343, PBW373, PBW550, DBW71, RAJ3765, HD2380, WH711, Kanaku, Sonalika etc. DPW621-50 also recorded high severity 40-60S in Indora block. Severity was low to moderate (less than 40S) on HPW89, HPW147, HPW155, HPW236, HPW249, HPW349, HS507, HS490, HS295, VL907, VL892, VL616, DBW16, HD2967, WH1021, WH1080 and RAJ3777.

Uttarakhand (Tarai / Plain areas): Stripe rust was observed in traces on PBW343, PBW154, DBW17, PBW502 and UP2338 in Tarai/Plains of Uttarakhand en-routing Rudrapur, Gadarpur, Bajpur and Kashipur on Feb. 26, 2013. Varieties, PBW343, PBW154, PBW226, and UP2338 were found to be infected with stripe rust (Trace - 50S) in areas surveyed on Feb. 27, between Pantnagar and Khatima.

cr

op p

ro

tec

tio

n


Jammu and Kashmir: Stripe rust first incidence (20S) was observed on RAJ3077 in RS Pura (Jammu) on Feb. 11, 2013. During Feb. 16-17, 2013, the disease (10-20S) was also observed in villages, Davigarh, Bulla Chak (RS Pura tehsil, Jammu) in varieties, DBW17 and RAJ3077 and Ramgarh (Anandpur), Matalkaliu (Samba district) on unidentified varieties and RAJ3077. On 1st March, stripe rust was observed in all fields in villages Raphta, Hore, Sohal, Rabita, Derababa, Ambal, Derababa KVK farm, Kotli, Jitoo of Jammu.

North Eastern Plains Zone

At RARS, Shillongani, severe infestation of cutworm damaged the wheat trials. In Coochbehar, foliar blight and rusts were not observed in February, 2013, while moderate incidence of foliar blight was observed in eastern U.P. during February, 2013. Shootfly and aphids infestation was noted in traces in Faizabad area.

Peninsular Zone

In Karnataka, during January, 2013, leaf rust was observed in varieties, DWR162 (80-100S), DWR-2006 (5-10S), Bijaga Yellow (40-60S), Amruth (10-80S), MACS9 (40MS), Kite (20MS), Local Red (80-100S), HD2189 (20-40S) and WH147 (20S) in Dharwad, Kundagal, Hubli, Hukkeri, Chikkodi, Athani, Bijapur, Bagalkot, Gadag and Belgaum. Leaf rust (20-80S) was observed in local bread wheat cultivars in Dharwad, Mallur (Belgaum), Ugar Khurd (Belgaum), Navalagi (Bijapur) and Halingali (Belgaum) villages of Karnataka in February. The incidence of leaf blight was observed in many fields but its intensity was very less. Aphid population was medium to heavy and infestation was severe. Stem borer and termites were in traces. In Maharashtra, in Niphad area, leaf rust (traces to 40S) was observed on off type plants in Western Maharashtra and Vidharbha region of Maharashtra during 1st and 2nd fortnight of February. The incidence of leaf blight was observed in many fields but its intensity was very less. In Nasik, Nandurbar and Dhule districts of Maharashtra, severe infestation of aphids population (medium to heavy) was observed during first week of Feb. 2013. Stem borer and termites were in traces.

Southern Hill Zone

At Wellington, brown and black rusts in wheat were observed under natural conditions during second fortnight of December, 2012. Yellow rust incidence was also noticed at Wellington on January 12, 2013. On 12.2.2013 natural incidence of all three rusts was observed upto 100S. Powdery mildew also appeared in severe form. On March 23, 2013, stem rust was observed on Morocco at Wellington. On April 17, 2013, stripe rust up to 20S was also observed on Dicoccum at Wellington. Stripe rust was observed from 80-100S

at village Kenthorai on local wheat Burga's Local on 12.2.2013. Leaf rust was also noticed to the tune of 40-80S at the same place.

Post harvest analysis

Karnal Bunt: A total of 8004 grain samples collected from various mandies in different zones, were analyzed (Table 2.1). The highest KB incidence (80.64 %) was recorded from HP. In Haryana, out of 1900 samples analyzed, 70.68 per cent were found infected with KB. In Punjab, out of 1601 samples, 35.60 per cent samples were found infected. From Rajasthan, out of 589 samples analyzed, 78.27 per cent were found infected with KB with infection range upto 4.70 per cent. In Uttarakhand, out of 2858 samples analyzed, 14.17 % were infected. Based on the overall KB occurrence, it can be concluded that this year, KB incidence was higher than the previous year. No sample from Gujarat (Vijapur), Maharashtra (Pune) and Karnataka (Dharwad) was found infected with KB.

Table 2.1. Karnal bunt situation in the country during 2012-13 crop season

State Total samples

Infected samples

% infected samples

Range of infection

Punjab 1601 570 35.60 0.01-0.36

Haryana 1900 1343 70.68 0.05-5.50

Rajasthan 589 461 78.27 0-4.7

Uttarakhand 2858 405 14.17 0-5.0

Himachal Pradesh

31 25 80.64 0-13.50

Eastern UP (Faizabad)

288 43 14.93 -

M.P. 224 47 20.98 0-0.3

Gujarat 380 0 - -

Maharashtra 50 0 - -

Karnataka 83 0 - -

8004 2894 36.16 0-13.50

Black Point: Out of 5225 grain samples analyzed from different zones in the country, 75.92 per cent samples showed black point.

Management of diseases and pests through chemical control

Chemical control has gained attention under the present scenario due to the wide spread occurrence of yellow rust in most of the varieties in the NWPZ. Similarly chemical control is required for the management of insect pests, since there is no resistance available in wheat against the insect pests. Through multilocation testing, propiconazole 25EC (Tilt 25EC), tebuconazole (Folicur 250EC) and tridemorph (Bayleton 25 WP) were found very effective against yellow rust disease. The extent of avoidable losses due

cr

op p

ro

tec

tio

n


to yellow rust were upto 40 per cent in NWPZ, hence timely action is required for avoiding the major losses.

Fusarium head blight or head scab

Head scab survey

Two hundred wheat earheads infected with head scab pathogen were collected from Dalang Maidan (Lahaul Valley), Himachal Pradesh during September, 2012. Thirty six Fusarium isolates have been cultured from these samples. Among these isolates, F. graminearum was the most dominating spp.

Pathogenic variation among Fusarium spp./isolates causing head scab of wheat

For studying the pathogenic variability in head scab pathogen of wheat, nine wheat and one triticale

varieties viz., DPW621-50, HD2967, PBW550, DBW14, PDW291, VL892, DBW17, HPW251 and PDW233; and TL2942 were sown in polyhouse on 21th November 2012 in hill planting. Spikes at anthesis were chosen from each variety and were inoculated with ten F. graminearum isolates by placing a tiny tuft of cotton soaked with the inoculum in a floret of the middle spikelet in the evening. Proper temperature and humidity were maintained in the polyhouse for disease development for 30 days after inoculation. Per cent spike and spikelet infection was calculated. Disease data on per cent spikelet infection recorded after 21 days are given in Table 2.2. Significant variation in per cent spikelet infection on different wheat varieties with different F. graminearum isolates was observed.

Table 2.2. Pathogenic variation among F. graminearum isolates on a set of wheat varieties

F. graminearum isolates

% Spikelet infection on wheat varieties

DPW621-50 HD2967 PBW550 TL2942 DBW14 PDW291 VL892 DBW 17 HPW251 PDW 33

Fg-W11-33 53.9 64.4 57.5 67.5 62.5 100.0 71.7 70.0 65.0 70.0

Fg-W11-59 55.0 55.0 60.0 60.0 62.5 100.0 82.5 67.5 67.5 70.0

Fg-W11-63 50.0 55.0 46.3 47.5 70.0 78.1 84.1 48.8 47.5 60.0

Fg-W11-73 52.5 62.5 57.5 51.3 56.3 77.5 83.0 56.3 65.0 65.0

Fg-W11-9 51.3 62.5 82.5 60.0 66.3 77.5 62.5 87.5 82.5 92.5

Fg-W11-69 57.5 65.0 57.5 65.0 66.3 70.0 84.2 65.0 70.0 80.0

Fg-W11-71 60.0 57.5 62.5 48.4 62.5 70.0 85.6 67.5 70.0 60.0

Fg-W11-50 51.3 60.0 52.5 55.0 53.8 65.0 100.0 80.0 68.8 70.0

Fg-W11-56 53.1 57.5 50.0 55.0 62.5 62.5 100.0 77.5 66.3 70.0

Fg-W11-65 47.5 56.3 55.0 60.0 62.5 75.0 100.0 72.5 53.1 56.3Fg-Fusarium graminearum; W-Wellington

Effect of bioagents on radial growth of F. graminearum isolates

Fusarium infected samples were collected from naturally infected wheat plant material of Wellington (Tamilnadu). Surface sterilized seeds were plated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media as described by Nirenberg (1981) and single spore isolation was performed for each isolates. Promising bioagents, B. amylo liquefaciens, B. subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were used. Antagonistic activity of these bioagents against seven Fusarium graminearum isolates was studied by using dual culture method. Each treatment was replicated thrice in 80mm diameter Petri dish containing 15ml of PDA and were incubated at 25±2ºC for 5 days in BOD incubator. Growth of each Fusarium spp./isolates in dual culture and in check (without antagonist) was measured after 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 days of incubation. There was significant reduction in radial growth of F. graminearum isolates with different bioagents used as compared to control.

Management of head scab with bioagents

In order to test the disease suppressive effects of Trichoderma isolates in reducing the head scab infection on wheat, three popular wheat varieties, HD2967, DPW621-50 and PDW233 were selected. Mass culture of Trichoderma isolates and Fusarium spp./isolates were raised on potato dextrose broth at 25±20C for 2 weeks. The mycelia mat with spores were harvested from flasks, blended and filtered through 3-layered muslin cloth. Final spore conc. of Trichoderma isolates and Fusarium spp./isolates were diluted to 1x109 spore/ml and 1x104 spore/ml, respectively using sterilize distilled water. All varieties were sown in plastic pots in polyhouse on mid November 2011 in three replications along with control (No treatment with bioagents). Spikes of all three varieties at early anthesis (3 days before Fusarium spp. /isolates inoculation) were sprayed by spore suspension of bioagents in different treatments. All three varieties were inoculated with Fusarium spp./

cr

op p

ro

tec

tio

n


isolates by placing a tiny tuft of cotton soaked with the inoculum (1x104 spore/ml) in a floret of the middle spikelet at mid anthesis (After 3 days of bioagent spray) in Feb. 2012. Proper temperature and humidity were maintained in polyhouse. Infected spikes and spikelets were counted after 21 days of inoculation and disease severity was calculated as the proportion of scabbed spikelets /infected spike. Per cent FDK and 1000 grain weight were measured after harvesting. Per cent disease control = (% spikelet or spike infection in check - % spikelet or spike infection in treated) ´ 100/% spikelet or spike infection in check.

Bioagents either used as seed treatment or spray resulted in head scab control as compared to untreated control in all three varieties.

Identification of indigenous sources of head scab resistance

Two hundred twenty one wheat genotypes including recently released varieties were evaluated for head scab under artificially inoculated conditions. This evaluation helped in the identification of resistant sources from indigenous germplasm. Disease data was recorded on 0-5 scale. Genotypes, HPW251 and HW1900 showed moderate resistance to head scab.

Karnal bunt

Isolation of Tilletia indica isolates and development of monosporidial lines

Nineteen T. indica isolates were raised from KB infected samples collected from Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Haryana. Fifty monosporidial lines were also developed from these isolates.

Pathogenic variation in Tilletia indica isolates on host differentials

Pathogenic variability in T. indica was studied by inoculating 10 isolates on a set of 10 wheat differentials. Two years of evaluation (2010-12 crop seasons) showed that irrespective of environment and the inoculation procedure, the host pathogen reaction were consistent. Coefficient of infection (CI) varies according to host pathogen interaction and ranged between 0 (I) to 70.98 (HS). The results showed that isolate of KBHP3 and KBR1 were least and most virulent, respectively among all the isolates inoculated. The different isolates exhibited MS to HS reaction on susceptible wheat cultivar HD2009. Isolates of KBH2 and KBUK1 produced MR to R reaction for all the genotypes, except for HD2009, whereas HS reaction was recorded for both the isolates. Four genotypes namely HD 29, HD 30, HP1531 and W485 on which all the isolates produced immune or resistant reaction. None of the genotype screened showed immune reaction against isolate KBHP2. Widely cultivated

wheat variety of North Western Plain Zone of India, PBW343 revealed MS to R reaction for different isolates. Similarly, data was analyzed using same genotype against all the isolates and variety HD2687 was found to be highly susceptible (42.04%) against KBHP2 but immune for KBR2 isolate. Out of ten wheat genotypes used for pathogenic reaction of T. indica, isolates, even the resistant genotype such as DDK1009, was distinguished on the basis of their reaction patterns to individual isolates. Based on disease response, pathogenic variability within or between the isolates is not demarcated however three different pathogenic groups KBAgI (KBHP2, KBR1 and KBH3), KBAgII (isolates KBHP1, KBH1, KBH2, KBUK1 and KBH4) and KBAgIII (isolates KBHP3 and KBR2) were identified for highly virulent, moderately virulent and least virulent, respectively (Table 2.3).

Twenty combinations were made from 15 Ms lines. Out of 20 combinations, six were incompatible. Monosporidial lines developed from the isolates KBHP1 and KBUK1 were either incompatible or produced less disease as revealed by the pairing of Ms lines. This indicate the possibility that monokaryotic sporidia might have found difficulty in finding their potential mates on host surface or may be both of the monokaryotic sporidia are of same type or avirulent. Maximum disease (CI 74.91) was produced from KBH1Md X KBR1 Ma, while least from KB UK1Ma X KBUK1Mc (CI 0.59). Disease was very high when virulent isolates Ms lines were fused with moderate aggressive isolates like KBH1Md X KBR1Ma ( CI 74.91) and KBH1Md X KBH3Ma (CI 70.33) conferring the possibility of disease enhancement due to changing their genetic makeup during the time of dikaryotization.

Genetic variability

Genetic characterization of T. indica is essential for the efficient management of Karnal bunt of wheat through use of resistant cultivars in wheat. Out of 53 primers screened, 34 primers were selected based on the reproducibility, number of polymorphic fragment per assay and levels of polymorphism detected in a specific population. The individual primer produced bands in a range of four (OPAD 10, OPC 15) to ten (OPAA 7, OPAA 15), with an average of 6.55 bands per primer. Out of 223 bands generated with 34 primers, 16 bands were monomorphic. Product sizes ranged from 0.1 kb to 3.0 kb. Total eight unique bands were obtained by primers OPA 20 (KBUK1Md), OPAA 4 (KBHP1Ma), OPAA 13 (KBUK1Mb & KBH4), OPAA 15 (KBHP1Ma), OPAA 17 (KBR1), OPAD 10 (KBH3), and OPD2 (KBUK1Mb). Polymorphism obtained with 34 primers for 10 isolates and 15 monosporidial lines of T. indica was 92.82%. PIC values ranged from 0.61 (OPC 15) to 0.97 (OPAA 13).

cr

op p

ro

tec

tio

n


Table 2.3. Coefficient of infection (CI) and disease response of T. indica isolates on differential hosts

Differential host Coefficient of infection * (disease response) by differential isolates

KBH1 KBHP1 KBH2 KBUK1 KBHP2 KBR1 KBHP3 KBH3 KBR2 KBH4

DK1009 (2.62)b

(R)14.44b

(MR)03.2cd

(R)2.8c

(R)5.33e

(R)13.85c

(MS)0.90de

(R)8.24bc

(MR)2.66b

(R)1.86c

(R)

HD2009 (44.69)a

(S)30.14a

(S)32.72a

(S)31.92a

(S)36.7b

(S)79.42a

(S)11.6a

(MS)65.44a

(S)15.16a

(MS)30.45a

(S)

WL711 (10.16)b

(MS)9.81bc

(MS)5.15c

(MR)1.67cde

(R)23.0c

(S)8.48cd

(MR)6.06b

(MR)4.9c

(R)3.70b

(R)20.23b

(S)

HD29 (0..033)b (R)

0.033e

(R)0.2e

(R)0.0f

(I)0.06f (R)

0.0e

(I)0.0e

(I)0.0c

(I)0.06d

(R)0.1c

(R)

UP2338 (0.63)b

(R)7.97cd

(MR)8.47b

(MR)2.36cd

(R)1.2f

(R)7.25de

(MR)2.63c

(R)2.8c

(R)2.10bc

(R)1.06c

(R)

W485 (0.10)b

(R)0.0e

(I)0.16e

(R)0.2ef

(R)0..06f

(R)0.0e

(I)0.0e

(I)0.2c

(R)0.2d

(R)0.2c

(R)

PBW343 2.67b (R)

2.71de

(R)5.2c

(MR)6.94b

(MR)14.23d

(MS)2.42de

(R)1.98cd

(R)13.95b

(MS)2.67bc

(R)2.3c

(R)

HD30 0.0 b (I)

0.0e

(I)0.03e

(I)0.06ef

(I)0.06f

(R)0.0e

(I)0.03e

(I)0.0c

(I)0.0d

(I)0.0c

(I)

HD 2687 1.90 b

(R)10.15bc

(MS)2.34de

(R)0.83def

(R)42.04a

(S)23.96b

(S)6.28b

(MR)9.48bc

(MS)0.0e

(I)1.94c(R)

HP1531 (0..02) b (R)

0.2e

(R)0.03e

(R)0.2e

f(R)0.2f

(R)0.03e

(I)0.0e

(I)0.1c

(R)0.7d

(R)0.1c(R)

CD**=0.05 13.74 5.40 2.53 1.46 4.09 7.47 1.53 8.37 1.53 11.14

*Mean of three replications for two crop seasons I: Immune, R: Resistant, MR: Moderate resistant, MS: Moderate susceptible, S: Susceptible** CD=0.05 is highly significant for all the treatments. In a column means followed by similar letters are not significant different (P < 0.05) from each other

Identification of resistant sources for karnal bunt

Two hundred eight wheat genotypes (92 genotypes of 2nd year & 116 genotypes of 1st year) were evaluated for resistance to Karnal bunt under artificially inoculated conditions at Karnal during 2011-12 crop season. Each entry was sown in one meter row. Recommended cultural practices were followed to grow the crop till harvest. To determine the response of genotypes to Karnal bunt, earheads were injected with hypodermic syringe with adequate amount of inoculum (10,000 allantoids/ml water) at crop growth stage 49. Five earheads were inoculated in each entry during evening hours. After inoculation, high humidity was maintained for proper development of disease. The disease incidence in the earheads was recorded at crop maturity and was calculated by recording the infected and the total number of grains (both diseased and healthy) of 5 earheads per entry. Entries showing response of upto 5 per cent coefficient of infection (average) were rated as resistant.

Resistant (Av. incidence upto 5 %): KRL238, HS514, HI8704, TL2969, PBW639, PDW322, WHD946, UAS320, HPW349, HP360, HPW251, HS490, VL804, VL907, VL829, MACS3828, WH1097, WH1100, DBW17, DPW621-50, HD3043, PBW175, PBW343, PBW373, PBW644(I), PDW314, WH1021, WH1080, HD3070, K0906, RAJ4229, DBW14, DBW39, HD2733, K0307, HI8713(d), MP3336, RAJ4238, GW322, HD2864, HI8498, HI8627, MPO1215, WHD948, AKDW2997-

16, HD2932, NIAW34, NIDW295, RAJ4083, UAS428 (I), HW2044(C), HW1098, KRL283, DDK1009, MACS2971, HPW376, HPW377, HPW386, HPW387, HS556, HS557, HS560, UP2851, VL950, VL971, VL972, VL974, VL975, AKDW47, HD3081, HD3091, HD3098, HD4725, K1016, PBW662, PBW674, PBW675, RKD219, TL2978, UP2828, WHD950, CG1006, GW433, HD3078, HD3079, HUW652, K1006, NW5038, NW5054, PBW661, RAJ4246, RW3705, UP2822, WH1120, WH1123, GW1276, GW1277, GW428, HI8724, HI8726, HI8727, HI8730, HI8731, HP1940, MP1259, MPO1255, MPO1256, MPO1262, PDW327, RAJ4250, UAS442, UPD93, AKAW47, DBW93, GW1280, GW432, HD3093, HD3096, HI8725, HI8728, NIAW168, NIAW177, PBW329, UAS334, UAS439, HW5224, HD3075, DBW111, DDK1042, KLP402, KRL331, MACS5008, MACS 5012, MACS5022 and RAJ4270.

Leaf blight

During the period, 141 leaf blight samples collected from various wheat growing regions were analysed for associated leaf blight pathogens (Fig. 2.2). Most of the samples yielded Bipolaris sorokiniana (84 no.), Alternaria triticina (59 no.). Alternaria alternata and Pyrenophora triticina were also observed in 50 samples. In North Western Plain Zone and North Eastern Plain Zone, Bipolaris sorokiniana is predominant while in Peninsular Zone, Alternaria triticina was dominant over Bipolaris sorokiniana (Fig. 2.3).

cr

op p

ro

tec

tio

n


Experiment on chemical control of leaf blight was conducted during 2012-13 season at DWR farm. Among all the treatment combinations evaluated, seed treatment with Vitavax Power and two sprays of Tilt @ 0.1% reduced the disease severity to significant level followed by seed treatment with Vitavax Power along

with single spray of Tilt @ 0.1%. Seed Treatment with Vitavax Power and two sprays of Tilt @0.1% gave higher yield (59.28 q/ha) followed by seed Treatment with Vitavax Power (Fig. 2.4) along with single spray of Tilt @ 0.1% (55.82 q/ha).

Fig. 2.2. Total leaf blight samples analysed

Fig. 2.3. Distribution of leaf blight pathogens

Fig. 2.4. Evaluation of fungicides for leaf blight management

cr

op p

ro

tec

tio

n


Resource conservation agricultural practices for the sustainability of rice-wheat system

Tillage in rice-wheat system

In view of the increasing cost of cultivation and natural resource degradation due to intensive tillage, there is an urgent need to optimise tillage especially under rice-wheat system. A long term experiment is in progress at the Directorate to evaluate the tillage effects in rice-wheat system. The experiments is being conducted with three tillage options in rice i.e. (1) Field preparation by rotary tiller followed by ponding and transplanting (Dry rotary), (2) Puddling with rotary tiller followed by transplanting (Wet rotary), and (3) Transplanting under zero tillage (Zero tillage) in main plots and three tillage options in wheat, namely (1) Zero tillage, (2) Conventional, (3) Rotary tillage in subplots to fine tune the tillage requirement for growing rice and wheat in sequence. The rice crop was not affected by tillage in wheat but the tillage options in rice especially zero tillage transplanting had an adverse effect on rice productivity (Fig. 3.1).

The yield attributes except thousand grain weight were adversely affected leading to lower rice yield in zero tillage transplanting whereas similar yield was recorded in dry rotary and wet rotary indicating that puddling (Wet tillage) may not be required and dry field preparation followed by ponding of water

and transplanting may be a better option to avoid the destruction of soil structure by wet tillage for puddling.

The wheat crop was not affected by tillage in rice but tillage in wheat had some differences in wheat yield recorded under various tillage options. Over the years, except 2012-13, the highest wheat yield was recorded in rotary tillage followed by almost similar yield in zero and conventional tillage (Fig. 3.2).

Residue management in wheat and rice productivity

In this experiment seven residue management options in main plot and three nitrogen levels in sub-plots are being evaluated on long term basis. It has been observed that the differences in yield due to nitrogen were significant but the effect of residue management options was not significant (Fig. 3.3). Among nitrogen levels, the highest yield was recorded with 200 kg N/ha which was at par with 150 kg N/ha but significantly higher than the yield at 100 kg N/ha in both the treatments. The yield in residue incorporation treatments was marginally lower than residue removal, retention and residue burning treatments during almost all the years. The yield of direct seeded rice variety Pusa 1509 was significantly lower than the puddled transplanted rice by more than 35% under various residue management options. The soil organic carbon percentage increased with residue retention and incorporation treatments whereas burning of crop residue resulted in marginal decrease in organic carbon status of the soil.

Residue and irrigation effects on wheat and rice productivity

The experiment was conducted with five irrigation schedules of 2 to 6 irrigations based on critical growth stages in main plots and four surface retained residue loads of 0 to 6 t/ha in subplots. It was observed that surface residue retention favourably affected the wheat productivity. The wheat yield obtained was

3 rESoUrCE MANAGEMENT

Fig. 3.1. Rice yield under various tillage options

Fig. 3.3. Residue management options in wheat

Fig. 3.2. Wheat yield under various tillage options

res

ou

rc

e m

an

ag

em

en

t


generally higher where crop residue was retained on the soil surface compred to residue free treatment. Since there were frequent rains during the crop growing cycle, the effect of irrigation treatments was not significant (Fig. 3.4).

In case of direct seeded rice, the five irrigation schedules of each irrigation after 2 to 10 days were in the main plots and the same residue retention treatments as in case of wheat were in the sub plots. The highest average yield of about 30 q/ha for rice variety Pusa 1509 was recorded when irrigation was applied after 2 days with highest in surface residue retention of 6 t/ha indicating positive effect of residue retention (Fig. 3.5). In the adjacent experiment with

the same variety the yield was about 55 q/ha under puddled transplanted conditions indicating drastic reduction in direct seeded conditions even when irrigation was applied after every two days. The yield levels were significantly lower in other irrigation schedules in which irrigation was applied after 4, 6, 8 and 10 days. This indicates that direct seeded rice may not be economically produced in well drained soils and puddling is must to optimum yields. However, in fields where water stagnates for more than one days after irrigation, direct seeded rice may be a possibility.

Comparative performance of Ntech GreenSeeker and Trimble pocket sensor

Nitrogen is the widely deficient essential plant nutrient in cultivated soils and its application has

always increased yields. However, over-dose and misuse of this expensive input has resulted in serious deleterious environmental impacts on soils as well as ground and surface water resources. Improving the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency is one of the topmost priorities in the field of soil science and agronomic research. The need based application using GreenSeeker NDVI (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index) sensor can be useful in efficient management of applied nitrogen. Using mid-season N requirement estimation and application results in higher nitrogen use efficiency without yield penalty. The use of this approach is desirable as the available nitrogen from soil and environment varies from year to year depending upon the prevailing climate during crop growing cycle. The weather variations from year to year changes the amount of N mineralized from the soil organic matter as well as rainfall variation varies the N contribution from air as dissolved N with rain water. As a result, the crop’s nitrogen requirement and the optimum N application rate changes drastically from year to year. However, a major limitation in the adoption of these sensors was the cost of GreenSeeker optical sensors.

Recently, a small, low cost, optical pocket sensor has been developed which was evaluated against the large handheld GreenSeeker optical sensor. The observations were recorded over the same area using both the sensors one after the other so as to avoid the errors in the sensed area. The height of the sensor head was kept about 30 inches above the wheat canopy. The data collected using both the sensors were plotted taking pocket sensor reading on x-axis and that using GreenSeeker on y-axis (Fig. 3.6). The high regression coefficient (R2 =0.895) was observed along with intercept value of near to zero (0.090) and

Fig. 3.4. Residue load and irrigation in wheat productivity

Fig. 3.5. Residue load and irrigation in rice productivity

Fig. 3.6. Regression of Ntech GreenSeeker and Trimble Pocket NDVI sensors

Trimble Pocket Sensor

Ntech GreenSeeker

res

ou

rc

e m

an

ag

em

en

t


a slope of near to one (0.935) indicating almost similar behavior of the two sensors (Fig. 3.6).

Effect of P application on rice-wheat productivity

A trial was conducted with and without P application either in rice and/or wheat under rice-vegetable pea-wheat, rice-wheat green gram and rice-wheat- cowpea cropping system (Fig. 3.7 and 3.8). The idea behind this experiment was to skip P application due to shortage of P containing fertilizers during wheat sowing or rice transplanting season. It was observed that skipping of P application in rice or wheat or in both the crops produced similar rice and wheat productivity. The results revealed that continuous applications of P containing fertilizers in all crops can be avoided particularly when 300 % cropping intensity is maintained with incorporation of legume crops.

Yield maximisation in wheat

An experiment was conducted with the use of organic and inorganic fertilsers for maximising wheat yield (Fig. 3.9). Two varieties namely DBW 17 and DPW 621-50 were used. Response was observed with increased doses of NPK (125 and 150 %). Increasing the dose of NPK up to 150 % decreased the effect of FYM. This shows that there is scope for increasing the

wheat yield if 150% NPK is added or 15 t/ha FYM is applied in combination with recommended fertiliser.

Rice straw incorporation

An experiment was condcuted with rice straw removal, incorporation and green manuring in rice-wheat cropping system. Results revealed that rice productivity was similar whether straw incorporated or removed (Fig. 3.10).

When green gram was incorporated then it saved 25 % nitrogen to rice crop. In wheat season when rice straw was incorporated and 25 % higher nitrogen was applied then it produced maximum wheat yield (Fig. 3.11). This showed that rice straw incorporation enhances the immobilsation of available soil nitrogen present in the field.

Enhancing sustainability and profitability of organic rice-wheat cropping systems

This experiment consisting of four combination of organic nutrient supply [control, vermicompost 5 t/ha, farm yard manure (FYM) 15 t/ha+ vermicompost 2.5 t/ha and FYM 30 t/ha] and four cropping systems (rice-wheat, rice-wheat-sesbania, rice-wheat-cowpea and rice-wheat- green gram) making thus total 16 combinations and one inorganic control ( recommended NPK i.e. 120:60:40 kg/ha) was conducted in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Wheat variety C 306 was grown.

Fig. 3.7. Effect of skipping P application on rice yield (q/ha)

Fig. 3.10. Effect of straw management on rice yield (q/ha)

Fig. 3.11. Effect of straw management on wheat yield (q/ha)

Fig. 3.8. Effect of skipping of P application on wheat yield (q/ha)

Fig. 3.9. Effect of integrated nutrient management on wheat yield maximization

res

ou

rc

e m

an

ag

em

en

t


Fig. 3.12. Equivalent wheat yield (q/ha) of different inter crops

Table 3.1. Effect of organics on crop productivity of wheat (2012-13)

Treatment Biomass(q/ha)

Grain yield(q/ha)

Rice-Wheat control (no organic or chemical fertilizer) 48.81 20.29

Rice-Wheat with vermicompost 5.0 t/ha 107.14 32.31

Rice-Wheat with FYM 15.0 t/ha+ vermicompost 2.5 t/ha

97.62 28.89

Rice-Wheat with FYM 30.0 t/ha 130.16 33.10

Rice-Wheat-Dhaincha control (no organic or chemical fertilizer)

72.62 24.55

Rice-Wheat-Dhaincha with vermicompost 5.0 t/ha 116.27 33.06

Rice-Wheat-Dhaincha with FYM 15.0 t/ha+ vermicompost 2.5 t/ha

102.38 28.29

Rice-Wheat-Dhaincha with FYM 30.0 t/ha 141.67 32.63

Rice-Wheat-Cowpea control (no organic or chemical fertilizer)

82.54 25.91

Rice-Wheat-Cowpea with vermicompost 5.0 t/ha 126.98 31.13

Rice-Wheat-Cowpea with FYM 15.0 t/ha+ vermicompost 2.5 t/ha

105.56 28.48

Rice-Wheat-Cowpea with FYM 30.0 t/ha 130.95 31.54

Rice-Wheat-Moong control (no organic or chemical fertilizer)

84.13 25.90

Rice-Wheat-Moong with vermicompost 5.0 t/ha 128.57 31.46

Rice-Wheat-Moong with FYM 15.0 t/ha+ vermicompost 2.5 t/ha

117.46 30.77

Rice-Wheat-Moong with FYM 30.0 t/ha 129.76 31.94

Inorganic control (rec. chemical fertilizers NPK 120:60:40)

122.22 32.29

CD (0.05) 5.52 2.71

Intercropping of oilseed with wheat

Earlier intercropping of mustard with wheat was a regular practice. But due to popularisation of combine harvesting, its area has decreased. Presently there are many small and marginal farmers, particularly in north eastern plain zone, who perform wheat seeding manually can also sow canola or mustard in 6:1 ratio. This intercropping options produces additional

mustard or canola yield without loss in wheat yield. Equivalent wheat yield was maximum in case of 6:1 wheat: canola/mustard intercrop. Therefore, it confirms that canola or mustard can not replace wheat crop but may be more productive in intercropping situations (Fig. 3.12).

Integrated Nutrient Management in rice- wheat system

This experiment consisting of 7 combinations [Recommended NPK (T1), T1+FYM15t/ha, Rec. N only, Rec. P only, Rec. K only, T1+ GM and absolute control] of major and organic nutrients viz. FYM and green manuring was conducted in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Wheat variety DPW 621-50 was grown. The results presented in Table 3.2 revealed that biomass and grain yield were significantly lower where only P or K were applied as compared to all other treatments indicating the significance of nitrogen.

The highest grain yield (53.01 q/ha) was recorded in treatment where all the major nutrients and FYM 15 t/ha (T2) were applied followed by the treatment in which all the major nutrients as well as green manuring were applied (T6). These treatments being at par to each other were significantly higher than where only P or K was applied (Table 3.2).

Table 3.2. Integrated nutrient management in wheat (2012-13)

Treatment Biomass (q/ha) Grain yield (q/ha)

Rec.NPK (T1) 140.87 51.35

T1+FYM 15t/ha 150.50 53.01

Rec.N only 136.90 47.04

Rec. P only 53.37 17.67

Rec. K only 49.90 16.26

T1+ GM 146.83 52.29

Absolute control (no NPK) 56.75 17.33

CD (0.05) 5.56 2.29

Improving nitrogen use efficiency with different scheduling in wheat

This experiment of nitrogen scheduling comprising 13 combinations, as mentioned in Table 3.3, was conducted in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Wheat variety DBW17 was grown.

The results presented in Table 3.3 revealed that significantly higher yield was obtained where nitrogen was applied in three equal splits (1/3b, 1/3T, 1/3J) compared to treatment where nitrogen was applied in four equal splits (1/4b, 1/4T, 1/4J, 1/4boot leaf). Moreover significantly higher biomass and grain yield were recorded in treatments where nitrogen

res

ou

rc

e m

an

ag

em

en

t


was applied just before irrigation as compared to treatments where nitrogen was applied after irrigation at all the three nitrogen levels.

Table 3.3. Effect of Nitrogen Scheduling on Wheat (2012-13)


Yield(q/ha)

90 kg N/ha in 3 equal splits (1/3b,1/3T,1/3J) after irrigation 107.14 44.92

90 kg N/ha in 4 equal splits (1/4b, 1/4T, 1/4J, 1/4boot leaf) after irrigation 103.97 43.69

90 kg N/ha in 3 equal splits (1/3b, 1/3T, 1/3J) before irrigation 113.49 47.42

90 kg N/ha in 4 equal splits (1/4b, 1/4T, 1/4J, 1/4boot leaf) before irrigation 112.30 46.28

120 kg N/ha in 3 equal splits (1/3b, 1/3T, 1/3J) after irrigation 114.29 47.28




150 kg N/ha in 3 equal splits (1/3b, 1/3T, 1/3J) after irrigation 123.02 52.61




Control (no nitrogen) 57.54 25.08

CD (0.05) 5.84 1.51

Improving nitrogen use efficiency with natural nitrification inhibitors in rice-wheat

This experiment comprising 19 treatments (Table 3.4) was conducted with the objective to find out most suitable naturally occurring nitrification inhibitor for coating of urea for improving nitrogen use efficiency applied to wheat and rice crops. Wheat variety PBW 550 was grown.

The results presented in Table 3.4 showed that the applications of 1000 ppm Karanj oil and Meliacin coated urea at 120 kg N/ha gave statistically at par yield to that obtained with 150 kg N/ha indicating a saving of 30 kg N/ha i.e. 20% saving in fertilizer cost and higher nitrogen use efficiency.

Table 3.4. Improving nitrogen use efficiency with natural nitrification inhibitors in rice-wheat (2012-13)


Grain Yield(q/ha)

Karanj oil coated urea at 120 kg N/ha 125.40 49.58

Karanj oil coated urea at 150 kg N/ha 128.17 50.62

Lemon grass oil coated urea at 120 kg N/ha 119.05 48.15

Lemon grass oil coated urea at 150 kg N/ha 125.00 51.29

Palmarosa oil coated urea at 120 kg N/ha 125.00 49.91

Palmarosa oil coated urea at 150 kg N/ha 130.16 52.15

Meliacin coated urea at 120 kg N/ha 120.63 49.61

Meliacin coated urea at 150 kg N/ha 128.17 51.00

Citronella oil coated urea at 120 kg N/ha 118.65 47.14

Citronella oil coated urea at 150 kg N/ha 125.00 51.20

Cotton seed oil coated urea at 120 kg N/ha 120.24 48.72

Cotton seed oil coated urea at 150 kg N/ha 123.02 50.21

Neem oil coated urea at 120 kg N/ha 118.25 48.64

Neem oil coated urea at 150 kg N/ha 128.57 52.31

DCD coated urea at 120 kg N/ha 120.63 49.25

DCD coated urea at 150 kg N/ha 129.76 52.88

Prilled urea at 120 kg N/ha (Control) 120.63 49.46

Prilled urea at 150 kg N/ha (Control) 124.60 52.11

No nitrogen ( Absolute Control) 48.81 15.51

CD (0.05) 4.77 1.67

Weed management in wheat

Weed infestation is one of the major problems in crop production. For realizing potential crop yield, proper weed management is very important. For controlling weeds in wheat, herbicides are preferred due to cost and time effectiveness. The emergence of new weed flora and evolution of new cases of herbicide resistance demand evaluation of new herbicides from different chemical groups. Field experiments were conducted for evaluation of herbicides and herbicide mixtures against weeds in wheat and the results of which are as follows.

Evaluation of bio-efficacy of Pyroxasulfone on weeds in wheat

Pyroxasulfone was evaluated as pre-emergence applications against major weeds of wheat under field conditions. Phalaris minor, Avena ludoviciana, Rumex dentatus and Medicago denticulata, were the major weeds in the experimental plots. The dry weight of P. minor, Avena ludoviciana, Rumex dentatus and Medicago denticulata in untreated control was 291.7, 14.3, 0.7 and 1.0 g/m2, respectively. Under untreated weedy control, P. minor, being the most dominant weed had the significantly highest dry weight accumulation (291.7 g/m2) comprising of about 94.8% of the total weed dry weight (307.7 g/m2). Wild oat was second dominant weed based on weed dry weight

res

ou

rc

e m

an

ag

em

en

t


accumulation. Pyroxasulfone drastically reduced the density and dry weight of grassy (P. minor and wild oat) and was less effective against broadleaved weeds. However, sulfosulfuron at 25 g a.i./ha was effective against complex weed flora. Pyroxasulfone at ≥ 102 g a.i./ha was significantly better than pendimethalin and trifluralin in reducing the density and dry weight of P. minor, wild oat and Medicago denticulata. Among the herbicide treatments, pendimethalin and trifluralin were superior in controlling the Rumex dentatus.

Keeping in view the poor efficacy of pyroxasulfone against broad-leaved weeds, it will require a strong effective partner against broad-leaved weeds and will be better if the partner is from different group and is also effective against grassy weeds. This strategy will help in delaying the evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds as well as managing the existing resistance problem along with providing the sustainability of wheat production.

Pyroxasulfone at 102-127.5 g a.i./ha applied as pre-emergence provided better yield compared to pendimethalin, trifluralin, clodinafop and fenoxaprop but was statistically similar to sulfosulfuron. The better yield under these treatments was due to good control of dominant weeds (P. minor and wild oat).

Pyroxasulfone a new herbicide is quite effective in controlling grassy weeds (P. minor and wild oat) but less effective against broad-leaved weeds. This herbicide was also effective in controlling the multiple herbicide resistant (resistant to isoproturon, clodinafop and sulfosulfuron) populations of P. minor. Multiple herbicide resistance is an emerging serious problem in north western plains zone (Haryana and Punjab). Presently, clodinafop and sulfosulfuron are the two most widely used grass herbicides in this area. Due to non-availability of effective post mergence herbicides farmers are facing yield penalty. To curtail the yield losses caused by herbicide resistance, there is an urgent need to have an effective herbicide. Since, this herbicide is effective against multiple herbicide resistant populations, therefore can be an option in the resistant management programme.

In pot studies it was observed that the efficacy of pyroxasulfone was greatly influenced by the straw burning (Fig. 3.13). The ash formed due to

burning reduces the herbicide efficacy due to strong adsorption. The application of pyroxasulfone at 25 g/ha without ash in the soil provided complete control. Whereas, even 4 times dose (100 g/ha) was still ineffective in providing 50% control of P. minor, when ash was mixed with soil in 1:9 (v/v) ratio.

Effective herbicides against Solanum nigrum and Physalis minima

Pot experiments were conducted to identify the herbicides for control of Solanum nigrum and Physalis minima.

• Metsulfuron 4 g was least effective in controlling S. nigrum followed by halauxifen + florasulam and sulfosulfuron 25 g with respective reduction in S. nigrum fresh weight of 22.0, 29.2 and 39.8%. 2,4-D-E 500 g ha-1 alone provided 58.8% control of S. nigrum. However, another growth regulator herbicide i.e. dicamba 360 g ha-1 was highly effective (99.2%) in controlling S. nigrum. The most effective control of S. nigrum was with isoproturon 1000 g ha-1 (100.0%), topramezone 50 g ha-1 (100.0%), dicamba 360 g ha-1, and tank mix application of carfentrazone (20 g ha-1) with metsulfuron (4 g ha-1), 2,4-D-E 500 (g ha-1) and dicamba (360 g ha-1).

• Among different herbicides, 2,4-D-E 500 g ha-1

was least effective in controlling P. minima followed by halauxifen + florasulam 62.5 g ha-1. Whereas, metsulfuron 4 g, carfentrazone 20 g, metsulfuron + carfentrazone (4+20 g ha-1), pyroxsulam 18 g, isoproturon 1000 g/ha, metribuzin 210 g ha-1, dicamba 360 g, topramezone 50 g, 2,-4-D-E+carfentrazone 500 + 20, 2,-4-D-E+ metsulfuron 500 + 4 g ha-1 were quite effective in controlling P. minima and the fresh weight reduction by these herbicide was 98.4 to 100.0%. However, the genotype/crop selectivity to metribuzin and topramezone should be examined before use as differential crop tolerance to these herbicides can occur.

Identifying effective surfactants for major herbicides

A series of pot experiments were conducted to identify the effective surfactant for improving the efficacy of major wheat and rice herbicides. The herbicides evaluated were clodinafop, pinoxaden, pyroxsulam, sulfosulfuron, fenoxaprop, metsulfuron, halauxifen methyl ester + florasulam, Almix (metsulfuron + chlorimuron), topramezone, bispyribac-Na and glyphosate. Five surfactant/adjuvant evaluated were Outright 35, ADsee AB 650, Polyglycol 26-2N, Cationic Leader Mix and Non-ionic Dupont surfactant. Five test weed species used in various experiments were Echinochoa crus-galli, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, P. minor, Trianthema portulacastrum and Lathyrus aphaca. Fig. 3.13. Straw ash reduces pyroxasulfone efficacy

res

ou

rc

e m

an

ag

em

en

t


Among these surfactants, the poorest performance was of non-ionic Dupont surfactant, which is currently widely used with various herbicides. The rest of surfactants were having similar comparative effects. There are many herbicides (clodinafop, pinoxaden, bispyribac) presently being marketed without surfactant and usage of these herbicides along with external surfactant can be an important strategy to improve their efficacy and ultimately the weed control.

Water management in wheat crop for higher water use efficiency

Experiments were conducted to improve the water use efficiency of wheat crop with integration of irrigation scheduling and residue management, to find out the effect of seed priming in crop establishment under sub optimal soil moisture conditions and evaluation of wheat genotypes under scarce irrigation for higher water use efficiency.

Irrigation scheduling at different soil matric potentials (SMP) for higher water use efficiency in wheat crop

An experiment was conducted to study the water use efficiency of wheat crop at different soil matric potentials under residue retaining at surface and non residue conditions. This experiment consisting of 3 main plot treatments (no residue, residue retaining @ 5 ton/ha and residue retaining @ 10 ton/ha) and 3 sub plot treatments (70 kPa, 80 kPa and irrigations at critical growth stages of wheat crop) was conducted in split plot design. Wheat cultivar DBW 17 was grown. The results revealed that irrigation scheduling at above mentioned soil matric potential produced statistically similar yield. However, numerically values show the differences and maximum yield was recorded with irrigation at 70 kPa (60.58 q/ha), closely followed by irrigations at critical growth stages (60.40 q/ha) and irrigations at 80 kPa (57.92 q/ha). While, amongst the main plot treatments the highest yield were recorded from treatment of residue retaining @ 5 ton per hectare (61.16 q/ha) followed by residue retaining @ 10 ton per hectare (59.40 q/ha) and control i.e. no residue treatment (58.33 q/ha).

Effect of seed priming in crop establishment under water stress conditions

This experiment consisting of 3 main plot treatments (seeding at optimum moisture level, seeding at sub optimal moisture and seeding in dry soil followed by irrigation) and 3 sub plot treatments (no seed priming, matriconditioning of seed and pre-germinated seeds) was conducted in split plot design with three replications. Wheat variety DBW 17 was grown. Results showed that matriconditioning of seed (58.09 q/ha) and pre-germinated seeds (58.71 q/ha) produced significantly higher grain yield as compared to dry seed (no seed priming) (55.80 q/ha), whereas, seeding method was found statistically non-significant. However, numerically values indicate the difference and seeding in dry soil followed by irrigation recorded higher grain yield (59.10 q/ha) followed by seeding at optimum soil moisture level (57.35 q/ha) and seeding at sub optimum soil moisture level (56.16 q/ha). Matriconditioning of seeds is one of the economic technologies that might result in increasing seed germination and emergence under stress conditions consequently proper crop establishment. The results of experiment showed that matriconditioning of seeds and pre-germinated seeds improve germination indices, seedling growth and crop establishment.

Evaluation of wheat cultivars with micro irrigation under various planting methods and zero tillage conditions

This experiment was conducted with two wheat cultivars i.e. HD 2967 and DBW 17, planted as flat sowing and raised bed planting method under no-till conditions. Irrigation treatments comprised three micro irrigation treatments i.e. drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip + rainpot and one flood irrigation treatment. Results revealed that both the genotypes produced maximum and significantly higher grain yield under flood irrigation, flat sowing treatment which were 61.92 q/ha (HD 2967) and 63.24 q/ha (DBW 17). Among micro irrigation treatments both the cultivars yield better under drip + rainpot which produced 55.99 q/ha (HD 2967) and 59.20 q/ha (DBW 17) under flat sown conditions, whereas under raised bed planting treatment yield was 56.24 & 43.84 q/ha for HD 2967 & DBW 17, respectively.

res

ou

rc

e m

an

ag

em

en

t


The wheat production in India is estimated to be 93.51 million tonnes during last year 2012-13. This could be made possible by developing high yielding, disease resistant wheat varieties and also matching production technologies. The increase in domestic demand of baked & pasta products and economic liberalisation & global trade have offered opportunities for better utilization of wheat. Wheat quality needs utmost attention to meet the trade requirements of the domestic and international markets.

Evaluation of lines for product specific, quality, nutritional parameters and wheat export

Identification of product specific varieties

Ten thousand seven hundred twelve (10712) wheat grain samples belonging to different coordianted trials (AVTs, NIVTs, IVTs, QCSN and special trials) were analyzed during 2012-13 that included evaluation of all the AVT-II entries including checks for identification of promising genotypes for chapati, bread, biscuit and pasta (Table 4.1).

Table 4.1. Promising genotypes identified for wheat products

Products Genotypes

Chapati (>8.0/10.0)

RAJ4250, MACS6478, HD3093, GW432, C306, PBW175, HI1563, K8027, HD2888, HD2864, Raj4238, MP3336, HI1500, NIAW34, NIAW1415

Bread (> 575 ml loaf volume)

HD3090, GW432, DBW93, NW2036, HD2932, Raj4083, NIAW 4, NIAW1415, NI5439

Biscuit (>10 spread factor)

HS490

Pasta (>7.5/9.0)

MPO1255, HI8713, PDW314, HI8627

Identification of promising genotypes for quality and nutritional parameters

Promising genotypes were identified both for T.aestivum and T.durum for individual quality parameters like grain appearance, test weight, protein, grain hardness index, sedimentation value, moisture, phenol test, extraction rate, wet gluten, dry gluten, gluten index, high molecular weight gluteinin subunits (HMWGS), γ-gliadin, yellow pigment, iron & zinc (Table 4.2).

Table 4.2. Promising genotypes identified for quality and nutritional parameters

Parameter T. aestivum T. durum

Sedimentation value

HS536, HPW349, HS576, HPW399, HD3117, PBW688, UAS348, MP3288, K1116, NI 5439

MACS3929, A-9-30-1, UAS446, GW1292


UP2848, HD3070, C306, HD2888, BRW3723, HD3123, MACS6568, NIAW1415, COW(W)1, HW4042 (~90), VL967, HS490, VL 3001 (<45)

PDW291, HI8739, UPD94, A-9-30-1, AKDW2997-16, UAS446 (~90)

Yellow pigment VL907, HS542, PBW373, NW2036, UAS334

MACS3929, HI8713, DDW23, MPO1255, HI 8735

Iron K8027, HD2888, MP3288, DBW93, NIAW1415, NI5439, HW5224, COW(W)1, HW2044, HW5216

MPO1255, HI8627, HI8742, UAS446, GW1292

Zinc HS578, HUW 668, WH1136, UP2845, HW2044, HW5216, HW4013, HW5237, HW1900

HI8736, WHD948, NIDW699

Variability in quality and nutritional parameters

Different quality parameters have shown wide variability (Table 4.3). If we can make segregated procurement possible in the country, better quality wheat products can be made available.

Table 4.3. Variability in quality and nutritional parameters

Parameter T. aestivum T. durum

Mean Variability Mean Variability

Test weight (kg/hl) 78.9 63.2-83.8 81.6 74.7-84.9

Protein content (%) 13.1 7.3-17.4 13.4 7.9-16.0

Grain hardness index 77 18-103 83 48-104

Sedimentation (ml) 43 30-60 30 17-41

Extraction rate (%) 69.1 61.1-73.8 - -

Yellow pigment (ppm) 3.17 1.85-5.02 5.60 3.42-8.66

Iron content (ppm) 43.3 26.4-99.1 43.9 29.3-58.3

Zinc content (ppm) 41.3 19.7-78.7 41.9 23.3-55.0

Distribution of high molecular weight glutenin subunit

Two hundred twenty nine (229), 2nd and 1st year AVT entries including checks were evaluated for High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits (HMWGS). Subunits 5+10 and 2+12 were present in 50.66% and 49.34% of the total entries, whereas percent entries having 1, 2* and N subunits were 25.33, 64.63 and 10.04 respectively. Likewise, percent entries having subunits 7, 7+8, 7+9, 17+18, 20 and 13+16 were 34.50, 17.03, 17.47, 24.89, 3.93 and 2.18 respectively (Fig. 4.1).

4 QUALITY AND BASIC SCIENCES

qu

ali

ty a

nd

ba

sic

scie

nces


Quality component screening Nursery (QCSN)

QCSN conducted to examine 52 test entries along with three checks at 15 test sites. To identify new genetic resource for quality improvement, three years performance of 8 durum and 9 bread wheat genotypes was compared with checks. Two entries of durum namely KLM1005 and WSM24, and one of bread wheat i.e. KLM1008 were identified as new genetic stocks. KLM1008 has bold grains (TGW 51g) with high protein content (13.4%) and grain appearance score (6.4). Yield levels and other agronomic attributes of this stock are comparable to checks. Durum stock KLM1005 has bold grains (TGW: 51g) with 14% protein content. TGW of WSM24 was even higher (53g) and it has 13.5% protein content. Both durum lines have attractive grains (score 6.2) and incidence of yellow berry is also negligible. Disease incidence and yield levels in new durum stocks were lower than checks.

New Initiative for Wheat Export (Analysis of FCI wheat grain samples)

Considering the production level (92.46 million tons) during the year (2012-13), India can emerge as a major player for wheat export. Five thousand five hundred fifty five (5555) wheat grain samples drawn from stocks of Food Corporation of India (FCI) covering seven states viz. Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat & Tamilnadu were analysed for various wheat grading parameters like test weight, damaged kernel, foreign matter, shrunken & broken kernel, total defects and other classes and other functional parameters like protein, moisture, wet gluten, dry gluten, and falling number. Based on these quality data, Food Corporation of India could export 5.6 million tonnes of wheat through its exporting agencies.

Evaluation of elite germplasm lines for quality and molecular components

During the year (2012-13), 106, 108 and 73 lines including checks belonging to NGSN, EIGN-I and

EIGN-II were grown at DWR Research Farm, Karnal. All the lines of these three nurseries were analysed for processing quality parameters viz. test weight, protein content, moisture content & sedimentation value and also for nutritional quality parameters like iron & zinc. Different processing and nutritional quality parameters showed wide variability (Table 4.4).

Table 4.4. Variability in processing and nutritional quality parameters

Parameter NGSN EIGN-I EIGN-II

Test weight(Kg/hl)

78.3(61.6-82.7)

78.8(74.0-83.3)

79.9(71.8-84.2)

Protein content(%)

14.6(12.9-16.5)

14.2(12.8-16.0)

13.6(11.4-15.3)


35(23-50)

41(30-56)

32(23-38)


83 (27-108)

68 (16-91)

97 (68-114)

Iron (Ppm)

46.2(33.7-62.5)

42.9(33.2-56.5)

40.5(32.5-48.5)

Zinc(Ppm)

34.5(24.8-43.8)

34.0(25.9-42.6)

34.4(26.5-43.0)

*The values in the parenthesis are range

Table 4.5. Promising genotypes for processing and nutritional quality parameters (NGSN)

Parameters Value Genotypes

Test weight (kg/hl)

>82.0 HI8708(d), DBP(08-3, 08-6, 08-7, 08-8) WH1097, PDW314(d)

Protein content (%)

>16.0 MACS3744(d), HPW289, WH1094, PHS1107, K0906


~50 HS522, PBW628, Raj4238


>100 HI8708(d), UAS432(d), AKDW4537, DBPY08-3, DBPY08-9, HI8713, WHD948, PDW314, UAS428, DBP11-4, BABAJI/PDW 233

<45 HPW289, HS490

Iron (Ppm)

>55 PBW628, PHS1101, LBPY (08-07, 08-09), NIAW1415

Zinc(Ppm)

>40 HUW629, PBW635, RSP566, VL930, DBP (08-4, 08-7), LBPY-08-09

Attempts were made to identify promising genotypes for various processing and nutritional quality parameters from all the 3 nurseries viz. NGSN (Table 4.5), EIGN-I (Table 4.6)and EIGN-II (Table 4.7).

Selected superior lines were analysed for molecular characterization of grain hardness (pin a & pin b), HMW & LMW glutenins and gamma gliadins.

Fig. 4.1. Distribution of HMWGS

qu

ali

ty a

nd

ba

sic

scie

nces


Table 4.6. Promising genotypes for processing and nutritional quality parameters (EIGN-I)


Test weight (kg/hl)

>81.0 6th STEMRRSN-6116, 19th HRWYT-239, 29th SAWSN (3027, 3029, 3093, 3102), 6th HTWSN-69, DBW 17

Protein content (%)

>15.5 SAWYT-345, 6th STEMRRSN-6071, 29th SAWSN- 3041, DBW 17, 32nd ESWYT (194, 128)


>50 6th STEMRRSN (6026, 6056, 6059, 6115), 29th SAWSN (3035, 3043), DBW 17


~85 6th STEMRRSN 6022, 29th SAWSN 3132, 6th

HTWSN 69, 144

<45 6th STEMRRSN 6063, 6071, 19th HRWYT 204, 209, 219, 29th SAWSN 3041, 3054, 3055, 3111, 6th HTWSN 42

Iron(Ppm)

>50.0 6th STEMRRSN (6032, 6071), 29th SAWSN 3054, 32nd ESWYT 194, GW 322

Zinc(Ppm)

~40.0 6th STEMRRSN (6003, 6024, 6071), 29th SAWSN (3102, 3103)

Table 4.7. Promising genotypes for processing and nutritional quality parameters (EIGN-II)


Test Weight (kg/hl)

>82.0 IDYN (9, 11, 14, 27, 30), IDSN (132, 146), HI 8498, PDW 291.

Protein Content (%)

>14.5 IDSN (43, 55, 61, 76, 78, 87, 88, 90, 97, 111), PDW 291.


>35 IDYN (8, 16, 18, 20, 25, 33, 43, 50), IDSN (15, 25, 74, 96, 102, 110, 111)

Grain Hardness Index

~110 IDSN 13, 29, 33, 61, 86, 96, 142, HI 8498, PDW 291

Iron(ppm)

>45 IDYN (9, 33), IDSN (7, 74, 78, 123, 132, 146).

Zinc(ppm)

~40 IDYN (16, 36), PDW 291, IDSN (43, 99, 102, 132).

Fig. 4.2. PCR amplification of Puroindolines PinA and PinB with allele-specific PCR marker in NGSN entries (1. Lok 59, 2. KRL 238, 3. DBW 37, 4. K 0615, 5. MP 1911, 6. CBW 38, 7. VW 648, 8. LBPY 06-2, 9. UP 2727. 10. LBYP 06-14, 11. MP 4106, 12. UAS 316, 13. WH 1080, 14. DBW 50, 15. MACS 6222, 16. KYZ 9772)

Attempts towards developing product specific varieties

Germplasm evaluation

Stable genetic resources: Nineteen derivatives developed at the Directorate were tested in the national nursery QCSN at 15 diverse locations to select useful stable donors for quality improvement (Table 4.8). Certain genotypes excelled in this screening and exhibited stable performance in important grain quality parameters along with good yields. 78 new exotic selections from the international nurseries were evaluated for yield and grain protein content (GPC) at 14% grain moisture to add new sources of yield

and protein in the crossing block. Eight of them had good GPC (≥15%) with 1000 grain weight (TGW) in the range of 43-46g and yield 5.4 to 7.4 t/ha.

Creation of new variability

Target crossing: 367 new crosses were attempted involving donors of hard grain textures, sedimentation value, gluten index, test weight, chapati and bread qualities. 454 F1 bulks were field evaluated and examined for GPC out of which 288 were selected for further advancement. 15 F1 lines exhibited GPC in the range of 14 to 18% where as another 62 combinations ranged between 14 to 15%. Several combinations expressed good hybrid vigor along with high GPC and TGW (Table 4.9).

qu

ali

ty a

nd

ba

sic

scie

nces


Table 4.9. Promising combinations for high grain protein content

Combination GPC (%)

8th EGPSN 22 / 36th IBWSN 68 18.2

WYALLOTEHEM / DRY SDALE 17.5

PR 48 / 25th ESWYT 24 17.3

PBW 550 / 36th IBWSN 172 // 41st IBWSN 1049 17.0

QLD 28 / HD 2967 17.0

8th EGPSN 22 / DBW 89 17.0

37th IBWSN 05 / PBW 550 // GW 359 / HI 977 16.6

8th EGPSN 22 / PBW 550 16.6

GW 322 / 37th IBWSN 146 // 18th HRWYT 22 16.5

Evaluation of developed material

Selection in the segregating generations: 397 F2 were raised and examined for yield traits and disease intensity. Selection was exercised at different plant growth stages and nearly 4100 spikes were picked from 341 crosses which shall be further tested as ear to row progenies during 2013-14. Nearly 6700 ear to row progenies and 250 F3-F4 families were field evaluated. It involved 3941 progenies of 312 crosses in F3 and 3825 progenies of 251 crosses in F4. 3082 spikes were picked from 261 F3 crosses. From F4, 375 progenies were selected for quality evaluation and 286 plants were picked for further evaluation in the field. In advance generations, 1741 lines of 79 crosses in F5 and 159 lines (3 rows each) of 93 in F6 were field evaluated. From F5 material of 76 crosses, 263 progenies were selected for quality analysis. From F6 material, 67 advance lines were selected for grain quality analysis. In total, 750 progenies of F4-F6 were examined for GPC and sedimentation value (SV) out of which 32 progenies exhibited GPC ≥ 15% and SV ≥ 55ml.

Baking evaluation: 157 advance lines were evaluated for bread quality out of which 21 exhibited good loaf volume (range: 585-625cc). Many such entries were tested in the preliminary yield evaluation trial, where

they exhibited superior grain quality characteristics along with good grain yield (Table 4.11).

Table 4.10. Progenies combining high protein and gluten strength

Combination Generation PC (%)

SV (ml)

35th IBWSN 206 / PBW 550 // HD 2932 / 5th EGPSN 22

F4 17.2 50

GW 393 / RABC / WRM 14 / FN / 3rd K 58 / 2 N / 3/ AUS

F4 15.1 58

27th ESWYT 182 / DBW 17 F4 15.1 56

39th IBWSN 1110 // WH 542 / HW 1085 F4 15.1 54

36th IBWSN 101 / 36th IBWSN 138 F5 15.0 52

RAJ 4083 / K 204 F5 14.7 52

WH 1046 // WH 542 / 1st ISWSN 56 F4 14.6 54

36th IBWSN 173 / 36th IBWSN 122 // WH 542 / 11th SAWYT 65

F4 14.6 53

37th IBWSN 05 / KRL 19 F5 14.4 62

12th HRWYT 26 / 36th IBWSN 206 F6 14.4 57

Table 4.11. Superior derivatives in PYT

Combination Loaf volume (cc)

Yield (q/ha)

TGW (g)

GPC (%)

PBW 554 // PBW 343 / 11th WAWSN 38

585 53.9 46.8 14.8

PBW 373 / 21st SAWSN 171

585 44.0 43.2 13.4

24th SAWSN 3020 580 56.6 45.6 13.4

PBW 554 // PBW 343 / 11th WAWSN 38

580 50.3 43.6 13.3

1st ISWSN 206 / 10th SAWSN 27

580 51.3 46.4 12.5

25th ESWYT 24 / 21st SAWSN 171

575 45.7 40.0 14.6

PBW 554 // PBW 343 / 11th WAWSN 38

575 46.0 43.6 14.1

PBW 550 (Check) 560 52.9 46.0 12.9

Table 4.8. Promising genotypes for individual quality trait in QCSN

Entry GPC (%) TGW (g) Test weight (kg/hl) Sedimentation value (ml) Hardness Index GAS (score) Yield (g/m2)

QLD 11 14.1 38.9 79.1 36 68 5.7 339

QLD 28 12.5 41.9 76.9 37 25 5.7 447

QLD 31 12.8 37.2 77.3 59 70 5.5 407

QLD 36 12.9 45.3 76.7 38 72 5.8 395

QLD 40 12.5 39.8 77.2 48 74 5.9 441

QLD 46 13.6 45.9 79.5 42 54 6.9 356

QLD 49 12.6 35.6 77.8 50 16 5.5 383

QLD 50 12.6 45.8 79.2 46 67 6.0 435

QLD 54 13.4 40.9 76.5 37 22 5.7 370

QLD 57 12.9 43.3 79.1 44 69 6.0 378

QLD 58 13.1 39.3 79.6 45 75 6.0 363

HI 977 (C ) 12.6 39.0 76.9 53 73 5.6 368

UP 2762 (C) 14.2 46.4 78.9 46 69 5.8 330

qu

ali

ty a

nd

ba

sic

scie

nces


Material selected for national yield evaluation trials

DBW 98 qualified for AVT (TS) of NEPZ as it was the second highest yielder (52.2q/ha) in NIVT with advantage of two quintals over the best check HD 2733. This entry also recorded superior grain quality parameters like GPC and sedimentation value over prevailing checks of the region.

Two entries were selected for NIVT’s on the basis of station trials. DBW 145 chosen for NIVT 1B had grain yield similar to check K 307 (50q/ha) in NEPZ but registered superiority in TGW (39g), GPC (14%) and early flowering by 8 days. DBW 146 was selected for the central and peninsular region (NIVT 2) where it had yield (47.8q/ah) similar to the check GW 322 but advantage lied in bold grains (TGW: 46g), GPC (13.4%) and 8 days early flowering in comparison to check.

Correlation between chemical and rheological traits and glutenin subunit combinations

One hundred and forty two Indian wheat cultivars were evaluated for glutenin subunits and various chemical and rheological quality traits to understand relationship among them. Flour protein content (FPC) was highly correlated to the gluten score (p<0.0001), that is wet gluten content, gluten index and dry gluten measured by Glutomatic instrument (Table 4.12). But FPC did not show correlation with swelling index gluten (SIG) and mixograph mixing time. As expected, wet and dry gluten content were significantly correlated (p<0.0001). Gluten index showed significant relationship with wet gluten content but no correlation was found with dry gluten content.

Table 4.12. Correlation coefficient between chemical and rheological properties of wheat flour a

FPC WGC GI DGC SIG MT

FPC 1.00

WGC 0.42**** 1.00

GI 0.29** -0.38 *** 1.00

DG 0.47**** 0.85**** ns 1.00

SIG ns ns ns ns 1.00

MT ns -0.32 *** 0.50 **** -0.21 * 0.30 ** 1.00a FPC: Flour protein content (14 % moisture basis), WGC: wet gluten content, DGC: Dry gluten content, GI: gluten index, SIG: Swelling index gluten, MT: mixing time. *, **, ***, **** significant at p< 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, and 0.0001, respectively; ns: not significant.

Swelling index gluten did not show any correlation to wet and dry gluten content and gluten index. Mixing peak time showed significant relationship with all the viscoelastic properties of wheat flour except for FPC. With respect to glutenin subunits, Glu-D1 and Glu-B3 loci exhibited significant effect on most of the gluten strength related parameters. 5+10 subunit encoded

by Glu-D1 locus exhibited strongest effect on gluten strength. Glu-B3 and Glu-D3 loci exerted significant effect on gluten swelling index and mixing time, whereas Glu-A3 influenced mixing time only (Table 4.13). The subunits combinations for stronger gluten related properties were identified as 2*, 17+18, 5+10, Glu-A3d, Glu-B3g and Glu-D3b. This information can used in designing breeding programme for the improvement of bread making quality of Indian wheat.

Table 4.13. F values of one way ANOVA of chemical and rheological properties by HMW and LMW loci a

Locus DF FPC SIG WGC GI MT

Glu-A1 2 2.68 0.8 1.61 1.02 1.9

Glu-B1 3 0.50 1.4 2.3 * 1.6 0.7

Glu-D1 1 4.24 * 3.03 * 4.8 * 14.4 *** 11.9 ***

Glu-A3 3 0.84 1.63 0.65 1.33 4.43 **

Glu-B3 4 0.58 3.78 *** 1.2 1.72 4.74 ***

Glu-D3 3 0.61 4.9 *** 0.08 1.44 2.84 **a DF: degree of freedom, FPC: flour protein content (14 % moisture basis), SIG: swelling index gluten, WGC: wet gluten content, GI: gluten index, MT: mixograph mixing time. * Significant at p< 0.05, ** significant at p< 0.01, *** significant at p < 0.001.

Utilization of Nap Hal and other soft germplasm lines in the improvement of biscuit making quality

Back cross programme was initiated to transfer Glu-D1 double null into many high yielding backgrounds such as PBW373, UP2425, Raj3765, DPW621-50, HD2967 using molecular approach. Materials generated are at different stages of development. PCR amplification was used to identify plants with double null at Glu-D1 locus and wild allele of puroindolines for making crosses and generation advancement. BC3F6 seeds harvested from selected BC3F5 plants of a cross between PBW373 and NAP showed low sedimentation value and some of them exhibited transgressive segrergants towards low sedimentation under soft background (Fig. 4.3). The transgressive segregants were used in making crosses with high yielding and widely adapted varieties grown in North Western Plains Zones of India namely DPW621-50 and HD2967. In addition, advance lines (BC3F7 and BC4F7) of a cross between soft germplasm lines namely HPW114 and EC378793 and HD2687 exhibited significant increase in the spread factor. The lines with high spread factor and higher yield potential were registered as genetic stock for future use in breeding for improving biscuit making quality.

Phytase and phytic acid levels

Evaluation of synthetic hexaploids for 2nd consecutive year during 2012-13 confirmed high phytase levels in some of the synthetic hexaploids. The confirmed sources of high phytase levels were used in making

qu

ali

ty a

nd

ba

sic

scie

nces


fresh crosses with high yielding varieties such as PBW550, DPW621-50, HD2967. In addition, segregating generations of cross between synthetic hexaploid 70 and PBW373, PBW343 and PBW550 were advanced based on microlevel tests for assessing phytase levels. Materials are at BC2F3 and BC3F2 levels. There were many segregating lines with

higher phytase levels and some with transgressive segregants towards high phytase levels (Fig. 4.4). This demonstrated the utility of synthetic hexaploids in increasing phytase levels in wheat. In addition, mutant population has been developed in the background of

PBW502 and it showed two fold variations in phytic acid levels. This is excellent resource for reducing phytic acid content in wheat varieties and as well as for molecular studies.

Antioxidant activity of barley released varieties

Antioxidant activity of barley released varieties was analysed in two seasons. Using ABTS (2, 2 pazi-biz (3 ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) method, the year to year variation was observed in the antioxidant activity (Fig 4.5). In the year 2011-12, the activity range was 8.4-17.0 Trolox Equivalents/g sample. In the year 2012-13, however, a low activity range was obtained (5.9-11.5). This shows the effect of year to year environmental changes on the antioxidant potential of barley. However, out of the 15 varieties with the highest activity, 10 were the same in both the years.

Effect of malting on antioxidant activity of Barley

Selected barley released varieties (12) and crossing block lines (36) from the 2011-12 harvest were subjected to micro-malting. The antioxidant activity of the grain and malted barley were evaluated by both ABTS and DPPH (2'-2'- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) methods. But, no significant differences were observed between the grain and malt antioxidant activity (Fig. 4.6).

A. B.Fig. 4.3. Sedimentation value of different segregating generations of a cross between high yielding varieties and NAP HAL. A. BC4F4 and BC3F6 populations of a cross PBW 373*NAP HAL and B. F2 population of a cross between HD 2967 and (BC3F4 373*NAP)

Fig. 4.4. Variation in phytic acid content in mutant population in the background of PBW 502

A. B.Fig. 4.5. Histograms representing the frequency distribution of the antioxidant activity by ABTS assay in the year 2011-12 (a) and 2012-13 (b).

qu

ali

ty a

nd

ba

sic

scie

nces


Fig. 4.6. Effect of malting on the antioxidant activity of barley

Effect of malting on the phenolic content of Barley

Bound and free phenolics (FPC) were extracted from selected barley grains and malt. After malting significant increase in the total phenolic content(TPC) was obtained which was mainly due to the high

increase in FPC (Fig. 4.7). In the grain, the TPC was more related to the bound phenolic content (R2 = 0.90) than the FPC (R2 = 0.15). However, after malting, the correlation between the FPC and TPC increased considerably (R2 = 0.87) while there was not much change in correlation between BPC and TPC (R2 =0.74).

A. Total phenolic content

B. Free phenolic content

qu

ali

ty a

nd

ba

sic

scie

nces


Fig. 4.8. PCR based validation of reported microRNAs

C. Bound phenolic content

Fig 4.7. Effect of malting on the (a) Total, (b)free and (c) bound phenolic content of barley

In the grain, antioxidant activity was more correlated with the FPC (R2 = .80) with negligible correlation with the BPC & TPC. However, in malt the correlation between antioxidant activity and TPC increased considerably (R2 = .57).

Magnifying role of miRNAs in wheat: A new approach

MicroRNAs are tiny non-coding RNA molecules that regulate the growth and development of the plants by modulating the gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Wheat is second important staple food crop of the world. Owing to the importance of miRNA

in regulating various stages of plant growth and development, work on miRNA profiling and their validation was initiated at the Directorate. Protocols for small RNA isolation, miRNA enrichment, profiling and validation have been well standardized. To understand the mechanism of plant response to abiotic stress, 9 miRNA involved in modulating various biochemical processes in a most popular Indian wheat genotype C-306 were used to validate. We could successfully amplify all the miRNAs having about 100bp amplicon (Fig. 4.8). Therefore, exploiting the miRNAs involved in abiotic stress response as well could be a strategy to improve the wheat performance.

qu

ali

ty a

nd

ba

sic

scie

nces


India is expected to have a quantum jump of 95.85 million tonnes during 2013-14 (Third Advance Estimate). The production is likely to increase by 2.34 million tonnes in comparison to 2012-13 owing to increase in area by 1.34 million ha. The major concern for the policy makers is to increase productivity at farmers’ field. There is a need to understand the lacunas to advise the farmers. The Social Science department has taken initiatives to delineate the factors affecting wheat yield. The extension activities, particularly the front line demonstrations are carried out across the country to help the farmers to a great extent to follow the recommended package of practices. Efforts are made to develop an expert system on barley crop management to disseminate information to the farmers even in remote areas.

Wheat front line demonstrations (WFLDs)

During the wheat crop season 2012-13, 850 Wheat Front Line Demonstrations (WFLDs) of one hectare each were allotted to 84 coordinating centres of which 666 were conducted through 68 coordinating centers.

Table 5.1. State wise performance of improved wheat varieties in FLDs

State Mean yield (q/ha) % Gain

Improved Check

UP 45.48 40.00 13.70***

HP 32.58 28.52 14.24***

J&K 34.19 26.92 27.01***

Bihar 40.01 36.56 09.44***

Jharkhand 36.39 26.37 38.00***

Punjab 53.06 49.95 06.23**

Haryana 51.40 48.19 06.66***

Uttarakhand 40.15 32.26 24.46***

Delhi 55.21 50.69 08.92***

Gujarat 41.23 36.52 12.90***

MP 40.00 28.74 39.18***

Chhattisgarh 30.49 22.01 38.53***

Maharashtra 38.64 31.69 21.93***

Karnataka 33.96 29.06 16.86***

West Bengal 32.56 28.46 14.41***

Assam 39.02 35.50 09.92**

Rajasthan 43.25 38.32 12.87***

Tamilnadu 31.26 - -*** Significant at 1 percent level, ** - Significant at 5 percent level, * Significant at 10 percent level

The technologies on improved wheat (T. aestivum and T. durum) varieties with complete package of practices, zero tillage and bio-fertilizer were demonstrated. These WFLDs covered 676 hectares area of 1736 farmers in 18 states. The maximum number of WFLDs

were conducted in UP (83.5) followed by Haryana (80), Bihar (70), J&K (57), Maharashtra (48), Gujarat (44), Rajasthan (40), Karnataka (34), HP (32.4), MP (30), Chhattisgarh (30), Jharkhand (30) and Punjab (20). The maximum yield gain (Table 5.1) was observed in MP (39.18%) followed by Chhattisgarh (38.53%), Jharkhand (38.00%), J&K (27.01%), Uttarakhand (24.46%), Maharashtra (21.93%), Karnataka (16.86%), West Bengal (14.41%), HP (14.24%), UP (13.70%), Gujarat (12.90%), Rajasthan (12.87%), Assam (09.92%), Bihar (09.44%), Delhi (08.92%), Haryana (06.66%) and Punjab (06.23%).

The yield gain due to improved varieties was highest in NHZ (53.88%) followed by CZ (39.94%), NEPZ (34.81%), PZ (28.42%) and NWPZ (22.74%)(Table 5.2). Yield gap in NEPZ and CZ need to be bridged if India has to meet its ever increasing food demands. The specific problems faced by the farmers in these two zones are to be solved. Extension agencies have to use latest communication means to educate the farmers on technical matters.

Table 5.2. Zone wise productivity under WFLDs

Zone Mean yield(q/ha) % Gain

WFLDs Regional

NHZ 32.73 21.27 53.88***

NEPZ 39.89 29.59 34.81***

NWPZ 49.49 40.32 22.74***

CZ 39.35 28.12 39.94***

PZ 36.06 28.08 28.42***

SHZ 31.26 - -

*** - Significant at 1 percent level

FLDs on bio-fertilizer (Azotobactor and Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria) along with 100 % inorganic fertilizer as compared to check (100% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer) showed that the yield gain was significant at Kanpur (03.33%) and Nawada (03.64%) centres in NEPZ. In NWPZ, additional use of bio-fertilizer over recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer gave significant yield gain at Ujwa, New Delhi (11.52 %) and Gurgaon (9.04 %). In CZ and PZ there was significant yield gain of 81.21 per cent at Surguja and 29.90 per cent at Akola.

In case of improved durum varieties, the variety PDW314 (durum) gave a yield of 50.83 q/ha at Ludhiana centre which was non-significant. HI8663 (d) gave a significant yield of 50.80 q/ha at Indore followed by MPO 1215 (d) at Bastar (24.00 q/ha) in CZ and Godawari (d) (46.00 q/ha) in PZ at Niphad centre.

5 SoCIAL SCIENCES

so

cia

l s

cie

nc

es


In NHZ, at Dhaulakuan center, improved rainfed variety HS 490 yielded 40.58 q/ha which was significantly higher than the check varieties, followed by VL 892 (36.44 q/ha) and VL 907 (36.13 q/ha) at Almora center and HS 507 (32.05 q/ha) at Rajouri centre. The variety HD 3043 yielded (44.25 q/ha) at IARI, New Delhi which was non-significant. In CZ, MP 3288 variety gave yield of 40.00 q/ha at Banswara centre and 38.25 q/ha at Jabalpur center.

Zero tillage gave highest significant yield gain of 73.17 % at BAU, Ranchi center in NEPZ and 5.60 % at Gurdaspur in NWPZ (Table 5.3). There was increase in zero tillage yield under WFLDs over check at all other centers but it was non-significant.

Table 5.3. Performance of Zero Tillage over conventional tillage

Zone & Centre Yield (q/ha) % Gain

Zero tillage Conventional tillage

NEPZ

Allahabad 50.00 48.00 04.17 NS

51.00 47.50 07.37 NS

Kanpur 44.67 44.33 00.77 NS

RAU Pusa 40.50 39.50 02.53 NS

41.00 40.20 01.99 NS

BAU Ranchi 31.17 18.00 73.17***

NWPZ

DWR Karnal(Happy seeder)

57.50 55.00 04.55 NS

Gurdaspur 49.00 46.40 05.60*

Agra 54.88 54.38 00.92 NS

IARI New Delhi 48.80 47.15 03.50 NS

DWR Karnal 52.50 51.30 02.34 NS

NDRI Karnal 58.25 56.00 04.02 NS

Ambala 47.50 44.15 07.59 NS

* ** - Significant at 1 percent level, * Significant at 10 percent level, NS– Non-significant

Constraints in wheat production

Data were collected on a well designed pre-tested questionnaire mailed to all the coordinating centres conducting wheat front line demonstrations. The responses were collected on a three point continuum viz; Most Serious, Serious and Not Serious. The scores were assigned as 2, 1, 0 for the most serious, serious and not serious constraints, respectively. Based on total score and sample size, the average score for each constraint was calculated to ascertain seriousness. The zone wise constraints are as given below.

NHZ : In northern hills zone, Phalaris minor (Mandusi), yellow rust, small land holdings, late sowing, low plant population, rodents, Chenopodium album (Bathua), poor quality of seed, Anagalis arvensis, wild oat, birds and loose smut were major constraints.

Among other constraints, lack of irrigation facilities, Convolvulus arvensis, termite, aphid and high cost of inputs were identified.

NEPZ : Among major constraints of this zone, Phalaris minor was ranked first followed by Chenopodium album, Cyprus rotundus and Rumex dentatus. High temperature, high cost of inputs, termite, zinc deficiency, rodents, leaf blight, poor quality of seeds, poor quality of fertilizers and low price of wheat were some the other constraints.

NWPZ : In NWPZ, Phalaris minor, Chenopodium album, wild oat, high temperature, poor quality seed, Rumex dentatus, Anagalis arvensis, high cost of inputs were ranked from I to VIII. Termite, yellow rust, aphid, Convolvulus arvensis, zinc deficiency, low price of wheat were also perceived as major constraints in this zone.

CZ : In central zone, Chenopodium album, late sowing, low price of wheat, termite, high rate of custom hiring, high temperature, zinc deficiency, water stress, untimely rain, non availability of electricity and high cost of inputs were major constraints.

PZ : In peninsular zone, rust, high temperature, zinc deficiency, leaf blight, Argemone mexicana, poor quality of fertilizers, water stress and small land holdings were the major constraints faced by the farmers.

Overall constraints in wheat production in India

Infestation of weeds such as Phalaris minor, Chenopodium album, Avena ludoviciana, Rumex dentatus, Anagalis arvensis were found as the major weeds affecting wheat production of the country (Table 5.4).

Table 5.4. Overall constraints

Constraints Score Rank

Phalaris minor 327 I

Chenopodium album 205 II

Yellow rust 168 III

Small land holdings 152 IV

Wild oat 151 V

Late sowing 148 VI

Low plant population 147 VII

Rodents 147 VII

High temperature 143 VIII

Poor quality seeds 143 VIII

Rumex dentatus 132 IX

Anagalis arvensis 131 X

High cost of inputs 128 XI

Non availability of electricity 70 XII

Among diseases, yellow rust was the most serious constraint. Small land holdings, late sowing, low plant population, rodents, high temperature, poor quality seeds and high cost of inputs were the other

so

cia

l s

cie

nc

es


serious constraints affecting wheat production in the country. Based on nature of the constraints, research, extension and policy interventions should be decided for sustainable wheat production in the country.

Barley front line demonstrations

During the Rabi crop season 2012-13, 100 barley front line demonstrations (BFLDs) were allotted to 11 different Barley Network centers all over India in six states namely HP, UP, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and MP of which 70.6 were conducted by 9 network centers, covering 70.6 hectares area of 106 farmers. Improved barley varieties with complete package of practices (irrigation management, fertilizer dose and method of application, weed control, seed treatment etc.) were demonstrated.

The highest increase in barley yield was recorded in Himachal Pradesh (34.70 %) followed by MP (32.47 %), UP (22.96 %), Punjab (12.93 %) and Haryana (09.52%). The lowest increase in yield was reported in Rajasthan (06.32 %)(Table 5.5).

Table 5.5. State wise yield gain under BFLDs

State BFLDs yield (q/ha) Check yield(q/ha)

% Gain

HP 24.34 18.07 34.70***

UP 29.56 24.04 22.96***

Punjab 41.15 36.44 12.93**

Haryana 47.63 43.49 09.52***

Rajasthan 40.40 38.00 06.32**

MP 39.45 29.78 32.47***

*** Significant at 1 percent level, ** - Significant at 5 percent level.

The highest increase in barley yield was recorded in Central Zone (37.69 %) followed by Northern Hills Zone (35.22 %), North Eastern Plains Zone (32.68 %) and North Western Plains Zone (8.46 %)(Table 5.6). Therefore, efforts should be made to increase barley yield in the North Eastern Plains Zone and Central Zone in collaboration with the State Department of Agriculture.

Table 5.6. Zone wise yield gain under BFLDs

Zone BFLDs yield (q/ha)

Regional mean yield (q/ha)

% Increase

NHZ 24.34 18.00 35.22***

NEPZ 29.56 22.28 32.68***

NWPZ 44.25 40.80 08.46***

CZ 39.93 29.00 37.69***

*** Significant at 1 per cent level .

Constraints in barley production

Over all analysis of constraints in different zones clearly indicated that aphid, Chenopodium album, Phalaris minor, termite, Convolvulus arvensis, Rumex dentatus, small land holdings, leaf blight, loose smut, aphid and high temperature at maturity were identified as major constraints affecting barley production and productivity of the country.

Wheat and barley front line demonstrations conducted by DWR, Karnal centre

During 2013-14, the wheat front line demonstrations (FLDs) of HD 2967 variety were conducted in ten hectares area in the villages of Karnal district namely Gandhinagar, GarhiSadhan, Khanpur, Chhapper; and villages of Yamunanagar district namely Urjani and Kalesar. Bio-fertilizer, yellow rust control and varietal demonstrations were conducted with complete package of practices.

Monitoring

The DWR team accompanied by the experts from Ministry of agriculture and the concerned centres monitored the following wheat front line demonstration centres during the current crop season.

• Monitored wheat FLDs conducted by Dharwad, Bagalkot and Wellington Centres during 10.03.2014 to 16.03.2014.

• Monitored wheat FLDs at Bajaura centre at Kullu and Mandi districts of Himachal Pradesh during 14-16 May 2013.

• Monitored breeder seed of barley variety DWRUB52 at Bathinda on 5 January 2014 which was given to UB Patiala.

• Monitored wheat and barley FLDs at Jaipur and Ajmer centres during 15-16 March 2014.

• Monitored Malan-Kangra, Bajaura, Kullu, Berthin-Bilaspur centres during 7-12 March 2014

• Monitored Kanpur (UP) centre on 24 March 2014

• Monitored Pune and Niphad (Maharashtra)centres during 6-9 March 2014

• Monitored Pusa, Jamui, Nawada (Bihar) centres during 24-28 March 2014

Costs and returns from wheat and barley production during 2012-13

Adoption and benefits of any technology depends on its income generating capacity and cost structure. Economic viability of a technology is the most important and visible indicator for its acceptance and adoption, which could be arrived at by estimating the expenses incurred at different operations and market

so

cia

l s

cie

nc

es


value of the benefits derived from the technology. Hence, cost-benefit analysis of FLDs of latest wheat production technologies has been attempted to assess their economic feasibility and compared with the conventional technologies of check plots. Generally in any economic study, total costs are discussed under two categories viz., variable or operational costs and fixed costs, the widely adopted norm. Nevertheless, operational costs alone are reckoned by the farmers or adopters ignoring the fixed costs. The profits and losses too are worked out accordingly. But in any economic analysis of farm business, the fixed costs should also be taken into consideration to arrive at the total costs and then the net income has to be estimated. In the present case, only operational costs were considered to estimate the profitability of technology adoption. Operational costs include expenses on labour employed to perform different cultural operations and expenses incurred on material inputs viz., seeds, FYM, fertilizers, plant protection chemicals and irrigation. The returns over operational costs will give an idea regarding the margin accrued to the farmer after meeting all the working expenses.

In the case of Tamil Nadu (SHZ), the costs and returns from wheat check varieties were not estimated as wheat was grown in the selected farm where the FLDs were conducted. A significant difference in returns per rupee of investment was noticed between FLD and check plots across states, zones and technologies. Among states, Madhya Pradesh registered highest returns per rupee of investment, followed by Punjab and Haryana. It is evident from the table that per hectare profit in FLDs among states was highest in Haryana (Rs. 64501), followed by Punjab (Rs. 62608) and Maharashtra (Rs. 61195). Estimates of cost of production indicated that the cost incurred in producing a unit quantity of output was less in traditional wheat growing states and zones due to the likelihood of getting more yield. Among wheat growing zones, returns per rupee of investment was highest in CZ. The possible reason was due to incentives in addition to the support price given by state like Madhya Pradesh.

In the case of different technologies, application of bio-fertilizers gave good profit. It was followed by rotavator and zero tillage. The mixed result was due to testing of particular technology in different sites of diverse soil properties. Overall, on an average, an Indian farmer by adopting a new wheat variety or production technology will get Rs. 2.71 per rupee of investment in his/her farm. Further, Rs. 668 have to be spent to produce a quintal of wheat through adoption of a new wheat variety or production technology in comparison to Rs. 730 which is estimated from check varieties.

The results indicated that FLDs help to increase the profitability in barley cultivation. Among states,

Haryana (Rs. 55376/ha) gained more profit followed by Punjab (Rs. 41432/ha) and Rajasthan (Rs. 40032/ha). Among the barley growing zones, NWPZ recorded the highest profit through FLDs (Rs. 46310/ha) owing to the grouping of states in that zone which are highly productive in barley cultivation. Obviously, the returns per rupee of investment (Rs. 3.74) were more in the NWPZ. The cost of production analysis indicated that the cost incurred to produce a quintal of barley was less in states and zones that grow barley traditionally. On the whole, a new technology in barley carried out by the FLD registered a return of Rs. 3.16 per rupee of investment. Overall, the analysis on wheat and barley indicated that profit per hectare from FLDs was more than the check varieties establishing the fact that FLDs carry the successful technologies from lab to land. However, the present estimates are only the indicators for comparison for the current year without giving room for concrete conclusions. It may not have a complete relevance to the previous year estimates as the demonstrations were conducted in different sites and mostly not repetitive in nature. Further, the difference in profit earned from wheat and barley cultivation is subject to farm-farmer-region specific conditions as it varies from one another.

Weed management strategies at farmers’ field in India

The study was conducted during 2012-13 in randomly selected Moradabad, Sambhal and Bulandsahar districts of Uttar Pradesh in the North Western India. From each district, at least four villages were selected and from each village at least 15 farmers were randomly selected depending upon the number of farmers adopting a particular crop rotation. In Bulandsahar district, 100 farmers were selected from villages Akbarpurfoja (25), Nrayanpur (25), Alawarahimpur (25) and Pipala (25). In Moradabad district, 112 farmers were selected from five villages namely Rampurmengan (25), Milk Mo. Jamapur (25), Chak Khitanpur (25), Dayanathpur (15) and Guretha (22). In Sambhal district, 122 farmers were selected from villages Asaltpurjarai (20), Ratanpura (21), Kaneta (20), Kurkawali (31) and Khuhera (30). The total sample size was 334 from all the selected districts. The cropping system in study area were rice-wheat, sugarcane-wheat, maize-wheat, black gram-wheat and bajra-wheat. The number of farmers selected from a particular district varied because of availability of farmers following a particular crop rotation.

Majority of the farmers were middle aged, literate, lived in joint families, had membership of some organization (mainly cooperative societies) and more than 10 years of experience in agriculture. They sought information from other farmers, agriculture officers, newspapers, TV and input dealers for growing wheat crop. Most of the farmers had purchased seed from

so

cia

l s

cie

nc

es


government agencies and private input dealers apart from using their own seed.

The highest area sown under wheat was 81.55 percent in black gram-wheat rotation followed by bajra-wheat (78.08%), rice-wheat (63.90%), maize-wheat (45.41%) and sugarcane-wheat (37.04%). The farmers (30%) still grow PBW 343 variety which was released in 1995 followed by PBW 502 (20.66%), DBW 17 (10.48%). PBW 550 was the highest yielding (19.61q/acre) and grown by 6.89 percent of the total farmers surveyed. The farmers having bajra-wheat, sugarcane-wheat have used nitrogen and phosphorous as per recommendation, whereas the farmers following maize-wheat, rice-wheat and urad-wheat applied less nitrogen. Most of the farmers still follow conventional tillage (57.49%) but 42.52 percent of the farmers had adopted rotary tillage to save fuel, time and labour. Got better yield under rotary tillage (18.61q/acre) compared to conventional tillage (16.84 q/acre). Most of the farmers had applied herbicides to control weeds. Across the crop rotations, Mandusi (Phalaris minor) and Bathua (Chenopodium album) emerged as the major weeds. Some of the other weeds were wild oat (Avena ludoviciana), motha ( Cyperus rotundus), gajarghas (Fumaria parviflora), chatri (Vicia sativa), hirankhuri (Convolvulus arvensis), krishana neel (Angalis arvensis), kantili (Circium arvense), Poa ghas (Poa annua), etc. Majority of the farmers (80.54%) used knapsack sprayers having cut nozzle (51.50%). Some of the farmers used power sprayer in sugarcane-wheat (4.49%), bajra-wheat (0.60%) and rice-wheat (1.50%) rotations. Majority of them (52.59%) sprayed herbicides themselves while 33.84 percent had used labour. Only 5.39 percent of the farmers had increased dose of herbicide over last year. Only 2.40 per cent of the farmers had used herbicide twice during the crop season. Majority of them reported that the weeds were controlled properly. Broadleaf weeds being a major problem in these areas, majority of the farmers had applied 2,4-D (44-60%) and sulfosulfuron (11.54-52%) across crop rotations. Isoproturon has been applied by the farmers to control Phalaris minor which is not applied by the farmers in Haryana and Punjab due to resistance particularly in the rice-wheat crop rotation. Irrespective of level of education, some of the farmers were aware of different agronomic management practices to control weeds. Awareness was more about crop rotation compared to other management practices. None of the farmers had adopted zero tillage and residue retention as a strategy to control weeds in wheat crop. Irrespective of education level, a few farmers adopted increased seed rate (1.20 -9.28%), early sowing (1.50-6.89%) and crop rotation (2.10-15.27%) strategies. To achieve higher production, there should be timely sowing (Last week of October to 20th November), adopt zero tillage technique, timely control of weeds with uniform

spray using flat fan nozzle, rotation of herbicides and crop rotations as effective strategies to control weeds.

Impact of resource conservation technologies of wheat in Haryana

The study was conducted during 2012-13 in Kurukshetra district of Haryana with 120 farmers who have adopted either of the three resource conservation technologies viz; zero tillage, rotary tillage and laser land leveler. Data were collected from Bapdi, Mathana, Jhansa, Yara, Thaska and Teukar villages of Kurukshetra. Majority of the farmers (62.5%) belonged to middle age group (33-55 years) and were well educated. Agriculture was their main occupation and most of the sampled farmers were also rearing animals for milk production, floriculture, vegetable cultivation and few were also involved in business. When farmers were categorized based on owned land holding it was observed that 66.66% of the farmers were having less than 10 acres of land and rest (33.34%) were large farmers but when it was done on the basis of total (owned + leased in) land holding, 54.99% were under this category where as 45.01% were grouped under large category (above 10 acres). Tube well was the major source of irrigation and quality of water was good. The soil was medium to high fertile and was medium to light in texture. Most of the farmers fell under medium category in extension contact (74.17%), mass media exposure (69.17 and material possession (61.67). A large number of farmers were under low category (35.83%) of material possession as it was observed that most of the small and marginal farmers and even those farmers who were taking land on lease basis were dependent on custom hire services for most of the agricultural operations. Out of 120 sampled farmers 84.17% adopted zero tillage, 38.33% rotary tillage, 88.33% laser land leveler, 26.67% zero tillage+rotary tillage, 72.5% zero tillage+ laser land leveler, 34.17% rotary tillage+laser land leveler and 22.5% zero tillage+rotarytillage+laser land leveler. Average rate of custom hiring/acre for zero tillage, rotary tillage and laser land leveller was Rs 602, Rs.1106 and Rs.581, respectively. In case of zero tillage it ranged from Rs. 400-700/acre, in rotary tillage Rs. 800-1200/acre and in laser land leveler Rs. 500-700/hour. Although farmers were using reaper for making straw and 36.63% farmers burnt straw. Farmers were very keen to talk about advantages of zero tillage technology and they emphasized that State Department of Agriculture is making effort to popularize this technology in the state and machine is easily available during peak hours of wheat sowing. Only 5.94% of the farmers discontinued zero tillage after adoption. The positive impact of adopting zero tillage was on cost saving, time saving, management of Phalaris minor, fuel saving, yield and germination. It was also recorded that continuous use of zero tillage increased organic carbon in soil, improved

so

cia

l s

cie

nc

es


water retention capacity, improved fertility status of soil, decreased lodging, avoided terminal heat and it also gave more or at par yield. The increase in broad leaf weeds was observed in zero tillage fields especially Malwa grass and chugra. It was observed that adoption of rotary tillage had positive impact on, time saving, cost saving, germination and yield. Rotary tillage was found good in increasing organic carbon content in soil, improving water retention capacity, increasing fertility status of soil and avoiding terminal heat and it was very simple to adopt. Some of the farmers reported more lodging under rotary tillage and hard pan formation in the soil. Adoption of laser land leveller was observed with most of the sampled farmers because of its positive impact on saving of time in field preparation and irrigation and overall water requirement to the crop. The adoption of laser land leveller could save 30-40% of irrigation water. Most of the farmers reported that it increases area under cultivation, avoid wastage of water due to even distribution of water, reduces lodging and water logging and more yield was recorded by 97.17% of the farmers. Farmers suggested that these technologies should be promoted in the state by increasing/continuing subsidy on machines, government should increase laser land leveller in each block for custom hiring, attach spreader with combine harvester to promote resource conservation technologies.

Factors affecting wheat yield in western UP

Agriculture is the prime occupation of the people and wheat farming is the important source of livelihood. Wheat is grown in all the 26 districts of western UP in an area of 3.13 m ha with an average estimated production of 11.01 mt (2010-11). The productivity of wheat in western UP during 2010-11 was 35.14 q/ha. Among different regions of UP, western UP has much potential to harness the potential yield by bridging the existing yield gap.

Despite of the concerted efforts by the various state governments, persistence of wide yield gaps are causing concern to the planners. Bridging the yield gaps could help to achieve and sustain food security to a larger extent. The awareness level and knowledge of farmers needs to be improved so as to exploit the latest technologies fully. Simultaneously, it is of great importance to assess the constraints faced by the farmers in wheat production. Keeping the above points in view, an attempt was made in the present study to identify the factors influencing the wheat yield and the constraints faced in wheat production in western UP.

From the state of UP, district Meerut was selected for the study conducted during 2012-13. There are three tehsils in Meerut district i.e. Mawana, Sardhana and Meerut. From each tehsil, two villages were selected

randomly, thus total six villages were selected. From each selected village and from each of the four categories of farmers, a total of 20 respondent farmers were selected proportionately through proportionate random sampling technique, making a total sample size of 120.

Majority of the farmers were middle aged, educated up to middle standard, never attended an agriculture related training. The main occupation of all the farmers was agriculture for their livelihood and about one third of them were having dairying as their subsidiary occupation in addition to agriculture, 31 to 40 years experience in agriculture, joint family, 5 to 6 family members, members in one organization, consult the progressive farmers their neighbours/friends/relatives, Scientists/Experts of KVKs/state agricultural universities/ICAR for agriculture related information, use multiple sources of mass media for agriculture related information. It was observed that Newspapers and TV have emerged as important sources of information for the farmers. Majority of the farmers were marginal. The main crop rotations were rice-wheat and sugarcane-wheat. Across the crop rotations, 45.% of the farmers had cultivated wheat crop in 50-75 per cent of the total operational land holding area. Generally, the farmers purchase the wheat seed from government and private agencies. The average wheat yield obtained was 17.49 q/acre and 17.12 q/acre under rice-wheat and sugarcane-wheat cropping system, respectively. The yield obtained under sugarcane-wheat cropping system in mango orchard field was 15.95 q/acre. The wheat yield had shown a decreasing trend if the sowing is delayed. The highest average wheat yield (17.71 q/acre) was obtained by medium category of farmers followed by small (17.53 q/acre), large (17.38 q/acre) and marginal (16.59 q/acre) farmers. Majority of the sampled farmers had used broadcast method of wheat sowing. It was observed that the density of tree plantation has adverse effect on wheat yield. It was observed that majority of the sampled respondent farmers had medium level of attitude towards wheat production technology, medium level of knowledge, medium level of adoption of scientific wheat cultivation practices. In the analysis of different categories of constraints, it was observed that yellow rust, termite, lack of knowledge about appropriate dose and method of herbicide application among the farmers, declining water table, non availability of labour, high cost of inputs, late sowing, lack of knowledge among farmers about recent technologies and non availability of electricity were the most serious constraints.

On the whole, analysis of constraints in wheat production indicated that, high cost of inputs is the most serious constraint in Meerut district of western UP followed by non-availability of electricity, non-availability of labour, low price of wheat, erratic power

so

cia

l s

cie

nc

es


supply, higher custom hiring rate of land leveling, field preparation, sowing & harvesting, lack of knowledge among farmers about recent technologies, poor information delivery by state extension machinery, small land holdings, poor participation in kisanmelas/field day/kisangoshthi/training, lack of extension literature, lack of training facility, poor participation in exposure visits arranged by various departments, non-availability of seed of newly released variety, lack of knowledge about appropriate dose and method of herbicide application among the farmers, late sowing, Avena ludoviciana (Jangali Jai), Cyprus rotundus (Motha), problem in marketing of wheat, Phalaris minor (Mandusi), Rumex dentatus (Jangali Palak) and Chenopodium album (Bathua).

Estimation of total factor productivity and returns to investment on wheat and barley research

Intensive use of inputs over a period of time post-Green Revolution (henceforth GR) puts a heavy strain on Indian agriculture which has to ensure food and nutritional security to millions. Hence, intense research on productivity growth in agriculture has become a matter of serious concern among scientists and policy makers in the recent past. Ample literature indicated that productivity growth as measured by total factor productivity (TFP) declined after the green revolution era and shall be attributed to slowness in technology adoption or weak policies. But, there is a lack of empirical evidence via research to show whether the declining productivity growth has revived in the recent past. It is also important from the view point of concerted efforts made by the Government of India, through various developmental programmes like National Food Security Mission (NFSM) for accelerating growth in the agricultural sector. For policy implications, it is important to analyse the trends in TFP in order to suggest strategies for increasing the productivity. The present study estimated the spatial and temporal trends in the TFP growth of wheat and barley using the Malmquist productivity index (MPI). It is an output oriented index which measures the maximum level of output that can be produced using a given level of inputs and technology.

TFP trends in wheat

Growth rate analysis (2001-02 to 2011-12) indicates highest positive yield growth in Madhya Pradesh followed by Gujarat and Bihar with equal magnitude and subsequently by Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. Despite a majority states registered positive growth, negative growth was observed in Himachal Pradesh and Punjab. However, the estimated growth in inputs registered a mixed pattern. In seed rate, a majority of the states registered a negative growth in contrast to fertiliser nutrients applied. A negative

growth was noticed in manure application and animal power usage for all the states. On the contrary, a positive growth was observed in cost incurred in pesticides application, irrigation charges, rental value of owned farm land and machine labour. Barring Uttar Pradesh, a densely populated state, the rest registered a negative growth in human labour utilised for wheat production. Overall, it is clearly evident that a majority of the wheat producing states registered an increase in the yield and inputs used in terms of quantity and nominal value showed the intensification in wheat.

Haryana registered the highest average productivity (41.30 q/ha) followed by Punjab and Rajasthan. The lowest productivity was found in Himachal Pradesh (13.56 q/ha). Quantity of seeds used for wheat production was more in Gujarat followed by Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. Application of fertilizer nutrients was more in the most productive regions like Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. On the contrary, hilly region like Himachal Pradesh consumed less fertiliser but witnessed more application of manures. Punjab and Haryana almost transformed its wheat production to mechanisation with less human labour involvement. The cost incurred for custom hiring of machineries were highest in Punjab followed by Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Use of animal power has been declining and it is high only in few states like Bihar and Himachal Pradesh. Cost incurred on plant protection has been increasing over years and it is very high in the case of Punjab and Haryana. Rental value of land is more in Haryana and Punjab indicating the increasing opportunity cost for wheat production.

Temporal and spatial analysis on TFP indicated that over years, there is a mixed trend in the estimated TFP. It is highest in 2010-11 owing to technological progress (14.10%) followed by the change in technical efficiency (1.20%). During the decade, the mean TFP declined by 3.8 per cent. The reason was slowdown in the technological progress by 4 per cent despite 0.2 per cent increase in the efficiency change.

Among states, there is only a marginal difference in TFP change with the exception of Himachal Pradesh. In Himachal Pradesh, the TFP has reduced by 17.90 per cent owing to the slowdown in technological progress by 17.90 per cent. Barring Haryana and Rajasthan, the rest of the states showed a decline in technological progress. With the exception of Uttar Pradesh, the rest of the states have showed an increase in the technical efficiency or sustained the efficiency in wheat production.

TFP trends in barley

The trend analysis in barley output and inputs used during 2001-02 to 2011-12 indicated that there is a substantial increase in the productivity level of barley. Fertilizer usage witnesses an increasing trend while

so

cia

l s

cie

nc

es


the manure application is declining. Use of animal power also showed a declining trend. Plant protection costs increased over years and it is comparatively more in Rajasthan. Rental value of land has been increasing reflecting the increasing profit. Usage of machine labour has also increased. Data reveals the following inferences pertaining to the average use of inputs used and output produced in barley. Rajasthan uses relatively more resources for producing a unit output. Barring fertilizer nutrients, rental value of farm land (a proxy for the land as an input) and machine labour, the rest of inputs used were high in Rajasthan relative to Uttar Pradesh.

Among years, a majority showed an increase in TFP with the exception of 2004-05, 2006-07 and 2009-10. Increase in TFP is attributed to technical progress barring 2007-08. For 2006-07, decline in TFP by 4.1 per cent was due to a fall in technical efficiency by 5.4 per cent despite an increase in technical progress by 1.3 per cent. Among states, Rajasthan registered a positive TFP change while Uttar Pradesh registered a negative change. For both the states, change in TFP is attributed to technical progress. Overall, there is a positive change in TFP by 0.6 per cent contributed by the improvement in technology.

Preponderantly, agricultural production is biological and guided by several factors including the local weather aberrations. Hence, there are lot of risks and uncertainties associated with farming leading to inter-temporal and spatial variations in inputs used and outputs produced. Each and every input is accountable for output and the costs incurred on each input depend mainly on the need and availability of the resource. For instance, use of plant protection chemicals is purely based on the incidence of pests and diseases. Fluctuations in irrigation costs is highly influenced by factors like depleting water table, changes in fuel prices, type of pump-sets used for re-channeling and amount of precipitation. Similarly, variation in quantity of manures applied is mainly due to the cattle population and mostly they are applied in alternate years. Despite higher quantity of inputs used, output produced depends on the technical efficiency of inputs and adoption of improved technology. The study indicates that TFP change is negative in wheat and positive in barley during 2001-02 to 2010-11. Inter alia, additional productivity is a result of efficient use of inputs under a favourable technology. Yet, the difference in farm operations and practices within the same region by different farmers for a particular crop/technology leads to variation in the TFP.

so

cia

l s

cie

nc

es


Incidence of wheat and barley rusts

This year was characteristic with the appearance of rusts on wheat almost one month late in comparison to the previous years. Barley rusts were not observed. Wheat rusts were widely distributed , however, except for the yellow rust which appeared with high intensity in some areas in Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, there was no major incidence of wheat rusts. Yellow rust was observed in some localities and timely application of chemicals controlled its further spread. In totality there was no significant loss caused by wheat rusts in India.

Sample receipt for pathotype analyses

To identify new pathotypes in initial stages and know the pathotypes distribution of three rusts of wheat, more than 1762 samples of three rusts of wheat and barley were collected from 13 states of India, Bhutan, Nepal and Bangladesh.

Pathotype distribution of wheat rusts

To know the pathotype situation of wheat rusts in India, analyses of 1238 samples has been accomplished so far. Some samples of brown rust have shown indications of new pathotypes, however, these do not appear to be of much epidemiological consequences. Details of pathotypes distribution of three rusts of wheat are given below:-

Rust on different grass/ non grass hosts in off-season and pathotypes identified

To understand the epidemiology of wheat rusts, an off-season survey of grasses was undertaken. More than 100 samples were collected and some could infect wheat. Twenty samples of leaf rust on grasses from Himachal, Punjab and Haryana yielded pathotype 77-5 in 10,104-2 in six, 12-6 and 162A in two samples each (Fig. 6.1 to 6.4). In case of stem rust pathotype 40-2 was identified on one grass host. Further studies

6 rEGIoNAL STATIoN FLoWErDALE, SHIMLA

Fig. 6.1. Leaf rust on grass-a

Fig. 6.3. Leaf rust on grass-c

Fig.6.2. Leaf rust on grass-b

Fig.6.4. Stem rust on grass host

to prove pathogenicity and identify the hosts would be undertaken subsequently as the grasses have dried in winter season. Other samples are being analyzed.

Yellow rust of wheat and barley (Puccinia striiformis)

During this period 490 samples of yellow rust were analyzed from seven states of India and Nepal. Eight

r.s

. fl

ow

er

da

le, s

him

la


pathotypes were observed in these samples. This year was characterized by a shift in virulence pattern in favour of pathotype 46S119 which occurred in 67% of the samples followed by pathotype 78S84 in 26% samples analyzed from different wheat growing areas. Most of the flora was dominated by these two pathotypes and their population occurred in the ratio of 73:27. Last year the proportion was 62:38, thus indicating further decline in the population of pathotype 78S84. Shift in virulence pattern of these pathotypes is presented in Fig.6.5.

Pathotype 46S119 was predominant in the state of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan and Uttrakhand. Except for the pathotype P, which occurred in about 15 samples, other pathotypes occurred in few samples only. Pathotype I was restricted to the Nilgiri hills (Tamil Nadu) only, whereas pathotypes C I, CII, CIII were limited to Leh Ladhakh region of Jammu and Kashmir only. Single sample analyzed from Nepal had pathotype 46S119..

Brown rust of wheat (Puccinia triticina)

New pathotype identified

In 8 samples from Nilgiri hills (Tamil Nadu) a new pathotype designated as 77-12 was identified. The new pathotype is a result of backwards mutation in pathotype 77-9 on Lr20. Rust resistance sources against the new pathotype are being identified. As of now based on its avirulence/virulence structure, it does not appear to be of any epidemiological consequence. The new pathotype was restricted only to the Nilgiri hills and was not identified elsewhere.

More than 611 samples of brown rust of wheat were analyzed from 12 states of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal during this period. Four main pts. 77-5(37.8%) virulent to Lr1, Lr2, Lr3, Lr10, Lr13, Lr20, Lr23 and Lr26; 77-9(16.4%) which is like 77-5 but has avirulence Lr2a, Lr2c; 104-2(8.4%),77-6(5.4%) comprised 68% of the population. The proportion of pathotypes 104-2 and 104-3 has reduced significantly whereas there was built

up of population of pathotypes 77-9, 77-6 and 12 in comparison to the previous years. Flora of Karnataka was the most diverse with 15 pathotypes observed in 85 samples. Among the 29 pathotypes observed in 611 samples, pathotype 77-5 (38% of the samples) followed by 77-9 (17%) were the most predominant pathotypes. Pathotype 104-2 was observed in 14% samples. Other pathotypes observed were in few samples only. Pathotype 77-5 was most common in Tamil Nadu, Haryana and West Bengal, whereas Pathotype 77-9 was frequent in Karnataka and Maharashtra. Pathotype 104-2 was predominant in Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh. In Madhya Pradesh four pathotypes; 12, 77-8, 104-2 and 162A occurred in same frequency.

In Neighbouring countries of Bhutan, Nepal and Bangladesh 75 samples of brown rust of wheat were analyzed. Here also 62% of the samples belonged to pathotype 77-5. Most of the pathotypes identified from Bhutan were virulent to Lr26. Flora of Nepal was most diverse where 9 pathotypes were observed in 52 samples.

Predominant pathotypes of Puccinia on wheat in India

Wheat Rusts Predominant pathotypes

Black 62G29(40A),79G31(11)

Brown 121R63-1(77-5)followed by 121R60-1 (77-9), 21R55 (104-2)

Yellow 46S119 followed by 78S84 (virulent on PBW343) in Northern India whereas 38S102(I) in Nilgiri hills

Black rust of wheat (Puccinia graminis tritici)

New pathotype identified

In few samples of black rust from the Nilgiri hills, a new variant of P. graminis tritici close to 40A but with virulence to Einkorn (Sr21) was identified. Further confirmatory tests are underway.

Two hundred and three samples of stem rust of wheat were analyzed from 10 states of India and Nepal. Virulence on Sr31 (Ug99 type of pathotypes) was not identified anywhere in India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal. Pathotype 40A (62G29), which has virulence to Sr5, Sr7, Sr8, Sr9b, Sr9e, Sr11, Sr 28, was most predominant and was identified in more than 50% of the sampled population mainly from Peninsular, Central India and Nepal followed by pathotype11 (79G31) which has virulence to Sr5, Sr 9b, Sr 11, Sr 13, Sr 21, Sr 28, Sr 30 occurred in 25% of the samples. Pathotype 11 was widely distributed but was more in areas other than Central and Peninsular India. Two other pathotypes namely 40-1(62G29-1) which has virulence to Sr24 and 40-3(127R29) occurred in 15% of the samples. Remaining pathotypes i.e. 117-3(167G3), 295 (7G43), 34-1 (10G13), 40-2 (58G13-3) and 21(9G5) were identified in 10% of the samples. Pathotype 21 is the one which used to occur

Fig.6.5. Shifting virulence pattern in Puccinia striiformis tritici in India

r.s

. fl

ow

er

da

le, s

him

la


in the hills of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand long back and has not been observed for the last more than 10 years.

Seedling resistance test

Evaluation for rust resistance in wheat

To identify rust resistant lines of wheat, barley and characterized rust resistance genes in wheat lines, more than 2300 lines were screened against rusts at seedling stage. It included 101 lines of AVT-II and 120 lines of AVT-I of wheat. A wide spectrum of pathotypes of black rust (Puccinia graminis tritici), Brown rust (Puccinia triticina) and Yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis) of wheat, having different avirulence/virulence structure were used in the studies. Likewise 273 lines of NBDSN , EBDSN and 142 other barley lines were also evaluated against barley rusts.In addition evaluated wheat material being developed for Near Isogenic Lines by R.S.,I.A.R.I., Indore.

Rust resistant lines of wheat

Resistance to all the rusts was not observed in any of the lines. All the wheat lines possessing Sr31 resistant to black rust, whereas those possessing Lr24 and some with Lr26 were resistant to brown rust.

Resistant to brown and black rusts : Fourteen lines viz. GW432, HD 2864, HD3093,HD3095, HI1500,HI1544, HPW381, HPW388, HS578, HUW 668, HW4013, HW2044,MP4010, UP2872 were resistant to both the rusts.

Resistant to black and yellow rust: VL892, VL3002

Resistant to yellow and brown rusts : PBW683 In addition 38 lines were resistant to one or the other rust.

Rust Resistance genes in AVT lines of wheatRust resistance genes (Lr,Sr,Yr) were characterized using gene matching technique. Rust resistance genes could be characterized only in the lines where differential host pathogen interaction was present. However, linked characters, Morphological markers, characteristic infection types and pedigree also formed the basis for postulating rust resistance genes in absence of host pathogen differential reactions (Fig. 6.6).

Lr Genes

Twelve Lr genes (Lr1,3,9,10,13,14a,18,23,24,26,28,34) were characterized in 180 lines. Many of the lines possessed combination of resistance genes. Lr13 was the most common resistance gene and was characterized in maximum number of the lines followed by Lr10 (38 lines) whereas Lr26 was characterized in 42 lines. The proportion of lines with Lr26 has reduced. Likewise Lr23 and Lr1 were inferred in 46 and 38 lines, respectively. Lr3 was postulated in 22 lines whereas Lr9, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr23, Lr28,Lr34 and Lr24 were inferred in few lines only. Evaluation of durum showed that four lines possessed Lr18.

Sr Genes

Twelve Sr genes (Sr2,5,7b,8a,9b,9e,11,12,13,24,28,31) were characterized in 175 lines. Sr11 was postulated in 71 lines followed by Sr 31 in 42, Sr2 and Sr9b in 43,22 lines ,respectively. Postulation of Sr31 is based on its linkage to Lr26 and Yr9. Sr7b in 16 lines. Sr8a was postulated in 22 lines whereas Sr24 in 10, Sr13 in 7 lines. Other resistance genes were postulated in few lines only. Most of the durum wheat varieties had resistance based on Sr7b, Sr9e, Sr11,12 and Sr13.

Evaluation for seedling rust resistance against three rusts of barley

Lines of EBDSN and NBDSN and were evaluated at seedling stage against five pathotypes, pathotype mixture of Puccinia striiformis hordei (Yellow/stripe rust), four pathotypes of P. graminis tritici (Black/stem rust) and mixture of five isolates of P. hordei (Brown/leaf rust) under controlled conditions of greenhouse. Observations recorded are:-

Yr Genes

In AVT lines, 5 Yr genes/patterns were characterized in 167 lines. Yr2 was found to confer resistance to yellow rust in maximum number of lines (Fig. 6.7). However, this gene is susceptible to many of the virulent pathotypes. Yr9 was postulated in 42 lines which is linked to Lr26 and Sr31. Other resistance genes like YrA, Yr18, Yr27, were postulated in few lines only.

Fig. 6.6. Evaluation for rust resistance

Fig. 6.7. Evaluation for adult plant resistance to stripe rust

r.s

. fl

ow

er

da

le, s

him

la


Eight accessions JB278, KB1201, RD2552, RD2833, VLB 124, VLB130, VLB132, VLB135 were resistant to all the rusts. In addition to these, 67 other lines were resistant to two of the rusts of barley.

Adult plant resistance in barley to rusts

To find out entries showing APR, entries of EBDSN were evaluated at Adult Plant stage under optimum conditions of growth using a mixture of pathotypes of yellow and brown rusts in separate polyhouses. Data on the lines which were susceptible at seedling but resistant at adult plant stage showed that one line (RD2840) possessed APR both to yellow and brown rusts. In addition to this line,14 other lines exhibited adult plant resistance to yellow rust of barley.

Genetics of rust resistance and development of genetics stocks

Thirty five different crosses were attempted during wheat season 2012-2013. Among the crosses made, ten combinations were among Triticum durum genotypes, nine crosses between T. durum genotypes and universally susceptible Local Wheat Hango for genetic analysis of brown rust resistance. Fourteen crosses were made for pyramiding of multiple rust resistance genes in suitable wheat background. Two crosses viz. FLW-14 x LWH, RNB001 x LWH were made to identify novel stripe rust resistance genes in the wheat.

Eleven parents and fourteen F1’s were planted in the polyhouse for off-season crossing, back-crossing and generation of doubled haploids using wheat x maize chromosome elimination technique. In addition to maize, Imperata cylindrica (Blady grass) have also been planted which will also be used in the forthcoming season for generation of haploid plants.

Gene pyramiding and genetic analysis

Fifteen segregating populations viz. HI1500 x Eagle (F5), HI1500 x Sr43 (F5), NI5439 x Eagle (F5), Lok-1 x Sr39 (F3), Lok-1 x Sr32 (F3), Lok-45 x Kite (F2), Lok-45 x Sr32 (F3), HI1500 x Sr32 (F6), Raj 3765/ Eagle (BC2F4), Yr24 x Kalyansona (F2), Yr26 x Kalyansona (F2), Lok-1 x Kite (F2), HI1077 x Kite (F2), Raj 3765 x Kite (F2) and NI5439 x Kite (F2) were evaluated for rust resistance against the pathotypes of rusts and plant characters. Selected plants were used for generation advancement to pyramid genes of rust resistance.

Lok-1 x LWH (F3), Agra local x Sonalika (F2) and MACS1967 x A-9-30-1 (F2) were evaluated for characterizing resistance against specific pathotypes and gene identification. F4 population of cross LWH x NIAW34 was planted in the June for characterization of adult plant resistance and to advance the generation for making recombinant inbred lines (RILs).

Crop improvement using spring ´ winter wheat crosses

Forty four F2 populations of spring ́ winter wheat crosses (obtained from PI crop improvement DWR) were tested for seedling resistance against predominant pathotypes of stripe and brown rusts. Forty F2’s were evaluated in the field for selection and generation advancement. Selections were done for earliness, plant height, yield components such as number of effective tillers/plant, spike length and seed weight; seed characters (colour, size and shape) and disease resistance. New crosses using diverse parent (including winter wheat and Australian wheat) were being made for incorporating diverse rust resistance genes and development of wheat genotypes/variety for Northern Hill Zone.

National repository of rust pathotypes

More than 126 pathotypes of three rust pathogens of wheat, barley, rusts of oat, linseed were maintained in pure form as live cultures and also cryo-preserved for long term storage.

Wheat disease monitoring nurseries

To keep a vigil on wheat rusts, their incidence, spread and performance of cultivated varieties,Wheat disease monitoring nursery is palnted regularly. It was proposed to be planted in 2012-13 at 38 locations covering all the major wheat growing areas in the country, especially those situated near the bordering areas to the neighbouring countries. Data on wheat disease situation was received from 38 locations. Yellow rust was the most widely distributed disease of wheat especially in Northern India. Information on disease situation was received from Almora, Pantnagar, Dhaulakuan, Malan, Sundernagar, Shimla, Bajaura, Dalang Maidan, Sangla, Kukumseri, Kangra, Kathua, Jammu, Rajauri, Leh, Dera-Baba-Nanak, Abohar, Ludhiana, Hisar, Yamuna Nagar, Kalyani, Sabour, Ranchi, Faizabad, Kanpur, Bilaspur, Sagar, Powarkheda, Vijapur, Junagarh, Pune, Niphad, Akola, Dharwad and Wellington. Incidence of disease was less in most of the areas. Wheat rusts were not observed in the locations at Akola, Sagar, Indore, Pusa and Kalyani.

During 2012-13, SAARC wheat disease monitoring nursery was planted at 23 locations across the six SAARC nations. Observations on the occurrence of wheat diseases have been received from Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and all the 14 locations in India. Yellow rust was more prevalent in Northern India, Pakistan and Afghanistan whereas blight was common in Eastern India, Bangladesh and Nepal. Incidence of yellow rust was more in Northern India than in Pakistan and Afghanistan, indicating a different racial pattern of P. striiformis in India.

r.s

. fl

ow

er

da

le, s

him

la


The DWR Regional Station located at Dalang Maidan, Lahaul & Spiti, Himachal Pradesh act as a national service centre for providing various kinds of support to wheat and barley researchers of the country. This station has been established as a wheat summer nursery facility for generation advancement, corrective crossing, seed multiplication and evaluation of breeding material during offseason to reduce time lag for the development of a variety.

Generation advancement of wheat and barley

During the period of May-October, 2013, about 43,000 lines (Fig. 7.1) of wheat, 500 lines of barley and 80 lines of lentil from 20 co-operators of different institutes spread across all the six zones were advanced at DWR regional station Dalang Maidan, which was the maximum number till date (Fig. 7.2). The maximum proportion of material was obtained from North Western Plains Zone (86%) followed by Northern Hills Zone (7%) and Central Zone (3%). Apart from this some wild species were also grown at the centre. The major centers which utilized the national facility were DWR, Karnal; IARI, New Delhi; CCSHAU, Hisar; VPKAS, Almora and NABI, Mohali.

Corrective hybridization

During this season of year 2013 about 1000 corrective crosses were attempted by the researchers across the institutes. More than 50% of crosses were attempted (555) by IARI New Delhi. A new initiative for doubled haploid production was initiated by the scientist of DWR in which 400 spikes of wheat were crossed with maize.

Screening wheat and barley material against rusts

The station provided good location for screening for yellow rust and powdery mildew. Around 19,000 lines were screened by various centers for yellow rust. The maximum lines were from IARI, New Delhi (7975) followed by DWR, Karnal (6935) and PAU, Ludhiana (1400). This season it was observed that the centre also act as screening facility for powdery mildew.

Natural repository for wheat and barley germplasm

The Regional Station acts as natural repository for wheat and barley germplasm and at present 9000 wheat accessions and 2000 barley accessions are being conserved and maintained here under natural conditions. More than 90% germination was recorded in germplasm accessions after eight year of storage at Dalang Maidan.

Centre for high altitude wheat and barley coordinated varietal trials

During the year under report 07 entries were evaluated in four replications under AVT-TS- VHA 2013 trial.

Utilizing off-season nursery Dalang Maidan for enhancing selection efficiency in winter x spring progenies

Winter wheat possesses huge diversity for many biotic and abiotic traits apart from yield components. Winter-spring wheat hybridization is seen as an option for enhancing the productivity potential of the spring wheat. F2 plants from 55 crosses were grown during the off-season and only spring-type plants were selected and the harvested seed was bulked. The differentiation between spring type and winter type habit of the F2 plants was enhanced due to the climatic conditions of the valley. The large number of suitable plants obtained in F3 generation reflects the scope for enhancing selection efficiency (in F3 over F2). From this approach of growing F2 generation at off season nursery, a 32.5% increase in selection efficiency was obtained in winter spring crosses apart from generation advancement.

7 rEGIoNAL STATIoN, DALANG MAIDAN, LAHAUL-SpITI

Fig. 7.1. Number of entries s grown at Dalang Maidan from 1990-2013

Fig. 7.2. Zone wise distribution of material planted at DalangMaidan in Summer 2013

r.s

. d

ala

ng

ma

ida

n


The Barley Network Unit at DWR Karnal coordinates the research programme on barley in country under the AICW&BIP. It is done through multi-disciplinary experiments conducted across the barley growing zones at funded and voluntary centres in the barley growing states. This facilitates the identification of new cultivars for commercial cultivation with wider adaptability, resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses prevalent in the area, suitability to specific production conditions and with desired quality. In addition the experiments are also conducted on aspects of improvement/ optimization of production technologies, including conservation agriculture. The crop protection programme includes the screening of new genotypes under artificial epiphytotic/ hot spot conditions and experiments on chemical control and IPM are also organized at various test centres. The annual review and work planning meeting and zonal monitoring programmes are organized to achieve these objectives. Varietal improvement in barley through organization of yield evaluation trials, diseases/ pests screening and malting quality evaluation for the network centres is the most important activity of DWR. Updating of package of practices for barley cultivation and standardizing optimum inputs for new genotypes are achieved through agronomic trials. The barley growing area in country is grouped in four major zones i.e. North Western Plains Zone (NWPZ), North Eastern Plains Zone (NEPZ), Central Zone (CZ) and Northern Hills Zone (NHZ) with respect to prevailing climatic conditions and /or the disease/ pest spectrum.

The research efforts of the barley network are also supplemented by DWR through research on specific aspects/ areas of barley improvement especially in malt barley improvement, application of biotechnological tools in disease resistance and quality improvement, improvement of cultivation package and basic studies on pathogens. Utilization of the new/exotic genetic resources and creation of new variability are the important aspects in improvement of barley quality traits as well as resistance to diseases. In addition, DWR also has linkages with international organizations like ICARDA to facilitate the access to new germplasm of diverse origin from various sources for evaluation and utilization by the national programme under the network activities. A set of international yield trials and observation nurseries are received every year from ICARDA and organized at desired locations under AICW&BIP.

New barley varieties released

Four new barley varieties namely viz. DWRB 92, HUB 113, BH 946 and BHS 400 were identified during 52nd AICW&B workers meet at CSAUA&T, Kanpur. Subsequently during the 67thand 68th minutes of Central Sub-Committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops (CVRC) all the varieties have been released/ notified for cultivation in different zones and one variety NDB1445 was also released by SVRC for saline soils of UP (Table 8.1).

8 BArLEY NETWorK

Table 8.1. New barley varieties released for commercial cultivation

Variety Parentage Area of adaptation

Production conditions

Salient characteristics Developed at

DWRB92 DWR28/DWR 45 NWP Zone Irrigated, Timely sown Two-row malt barley with good grain under timely sown conditions, resistant to stripe and leaf rusts

DWR Karnal

HUB113 Karan280/C138 NEP Zone Irrigated, Timely sown Six row feed barley with good grain under timely sown conditions, resistant to stripe and leaf rusts

BHU Varanasi

BHS400 34th IBON 9009 NHZ Rainfed, Timely sown Six row feed barley for rainfed cultivation in NH zone IARI, Shimla

BH946 BHMS22A/BH 549/ RD2552

NWP Zone Irrigated, Timely sown Six row feed barley with good grain under timely sown conditions, resistant to stripe and leaf rusts

CCS HAU, Hisar

NDB1445 NDB940/Ratna UP Saline, Alkaline soils (irrigated Timely sown)

Six row feed barley with bold grains for saline soils NDUA&T, Faizabad

Coordinated yield trials

Coordinated yield evaluation trials

Out of 127 yield evaluation trials proposed, 119 (93.70%) trials were conducted. Eight trials were either not conducted/failed and data were not received in time. After the analysis, only 93 trials (73.22% of proposed /78.15% of conducted) were found good

for reporting (Fig. 8.1). These trials were conducted at 12 main centres and 38 testing centres (including ICAR, SAUs and State Department of Agriculture) during rabi 2012-13. In all 115 test entries contributed by 12 centres, were evaluated against 24 checks in the coordinated yield trials under rainfed (plains and hills), Irrigated (plains) and saline soils conditions under timely/ late sown conditions. The new barley entries include malt, feed or dual purposes types and

ba

rle

y n

etw

or

k


mostly were hulled type with a few hull-less types in northern hills zone (Table 8.2).

Table 8.2. Promising genotypes in various barley coordinated trials during rabi 2012-13

Trial series Promising genotypes

AVT-MB -TS DWRB101, RD2849, DWRB92

AVT-MB -LS BH968

AVT-RF (NHZ) BHS400, HBL713, UPB1031

AVT-IR-FB BH946, RD2832 (NWPZ),HUB113 (NEPZ), BH959, RD2833 (CZ)

AVT-Dual-NHZ VLB130

AVT-Sal/alk. KB1227, BH972

IVT-FB PL871

IVT-TS-MB BH976, NDB1445, PL874

IVT-LS-MB DWRB118

Zonal monitoring

The teams constituted for monitoring of Barley Network Yield Trials & Nurseries in CZ, NWPZ, NEPZ and NHZ, visited different locations of the zones at the most appropriate stage of the crop (Table 8.3) and recorded observations about the varietal performance, conduct of trials, disease/ pest incidence and genetic purity of the test entries.

Table 8.3. Zonal monitoring visits of the barley teams

Zone Dates Centres visited

C Z 12-14, February 2013 Udaipur, Vijapur and SK Nagar

NEPZ 24-28, February , 2013 Dalipnagar, Kanpur, Faizabad, Masodha, BHU Varanasi, Tissuhi, Mirzapur, Rewa

NWPZ 4-8 March, 2013 Hisar, Sriganganagar, Bathinda, Ludhiana, Modipuram, Pantnagar, Gurgaon and Rohtak

NHZ 15-20, April 2013 Two teams, one each in H.P. & Uttarakhand

The team in NHZ was common for wheat and barley crops, while in other two zones barley monitoring was done little earlier keeping the crop stage in mind.

On the spot decisions were taken about the rejection of trials and purity of test entries through consensus.

Breeder seed production

A consolidated indent of 1043.20q breeder seed of 29 varieties was received from Deputy Commissioner (Seeds), DAC, MoA, Govt. of India. The indent included requirement of seven states (Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh,), two public sector corporations (State Farm Corporation of India and National Seeds Corporation) and private agencies for the season Rabi 2012-13. The major proportion of the breeder seed indent was for Rajasthan state (475q) followed by SAI (378.45q), State Farm Corporation of India, New Delhi (76q), Uttar Pradesh (32q) etc. National Seeds Corporation Ltd, New Delhi indented for 15q of breeder seed (Fig. 8.2). The maximum production was observed for variety RD2035 (125 q) followed by RD2715 (100 q), RD2592 (90 q), DWRUB52 (76.80 q), BH393 (60 q), RD2660 (55 q), BH902 (50 q), PL426 (50 q), DWRB73 (40 q), DWRUB64 (64 q) etc. A total of 71.27 q nucleus seed production of 26 varieties was reported. The maximum nucleus seed production was observed for variety RD2035 (10.75 q) followed by RD2052 (8.77 q), RD2715 (5.40 q), RD2552 (4.78 q), RD2592 (4.70 q) etc. In addition, 25q, 46q and 110q test stock multiplications for the varieties viz. RD2794, VLB118 and RD2786 were also reported from State Farms Corporation of India Ltd.

Germplasm exchange and evaluation

Plant germplasm is a genetic wealth, essentially required for crop improvement programme. Change in the racial flora of the pathogens, depleting natural resources and rising population pressure especially in the era of climate change has forced the plant breeders to search the genetic diversity for its continuous improvement. At the Directorate the following activities were carried out to achieve this objective:

Fig. 8.1. Details of barley coordinated yield trials

Fig. 8.2. Breeder seed indent (q) by various agencies

ba

rle

y n

etw

or

k


National Barley Genetic Stock Nursery (NBGSN)

The NBGSN comprising the promising entries from network centres was constituted with 30 entries possessing donors for low husk, higher test weight, lower protein content, good malting quality, grain plumpness, low beta glucan, resistance to yellow and stem rust, tolerance to saline/alkaline soils, yield and yield components. The nursery was supplied to all 11 centres under barley network however, ten centres namely Bajaura, Durgapura, Faizabad, Hisar, Kanpur, Karnal, Ludhiana, Pantnagar, Rewa and Varanasi supplied feedback of its utilization.

Elite International Barley Germplasm Nursery (EIBGN)

An elite international barley germplasm nursery was constituted with 45 genotypes selected from international trials/nurseries and evaluated at barley network centres. The nursery was evaluated at all the 11 cooperating centres. This nursery included the 45 testing entries viz., 6 entries from IBYT-LRA-C, 5 entries from IBYT-HI, 6 entries from IBYT-LRA-M, 2 entries from INBYT, 5 entries from IBYT-MRA, 1 entry from IBON-LRA-C, 4 entries from IBON-HI, 4 entries from IBON-LRA-M, 4 entries from IBON-MRA, 5 entries from INBON and 3 entries from ISEBON and six checks namely, RD2552, RD2035, BH902, DWRUB52, DWRUB64 and DWRB73. Most of the entries were utilized by all centres either directly or in hybridization programme or selected for further evaluation and use in breeding programmes.

Rejuvenation

Germplasm plays a key role for crop improvement. For utilization in breeding programme, it becomes necessary to ensure proper storage and viability of the germplasm accessions maintained in the germplasm repository of DWR. Rejuvenation of available germplasm is a high priority regular activity. During the year, 955 accessions were rejuvenated for maintenance of germplasm under active collection at DWR, Karnal.

Conservation

Presently the DWR has a total collection of 8144 barley germplasm accessions which are being conserved at medium term storage (MTS) facility for 6-8 years at DWR under 4±2○ C temperature with 35±5% relative humidity. During the year, new barley coordinating unit (BCU) number (124) was added in active collections at DWR.

Malt barley improvement

New varieties developed/ released

A new malt barley variety DWRB92 was developed under the project and subsequently released and notified by the CVRC for commercial cultivation in the north western plains zone (Fig. 8.3). It is a two-row malt barley variety for irrigated timely sown conditions of north western plains zone (NWPZ), which was identified during the 52nd AICW&BIP annual workshop at Kanpur in September, 2013 and released in November 2013 in CVRC meeting. DWRB92 has recorded good grain yield levels with acceptable quality in Barley Network Yield trials. The variety is a good alternate for DWRUB52 under timely sown conditions by combining high grain yield, disease/ pest resistance and good malting quality in two-row background.

Promotion of entries in barley network trial

The malt barley entries submitted from the programme have performed better in coordinated trials during Rabi 2012-13.

Fig. 8.3. Two row malt variety DWRB 92 for irrigated timely sown conditon of NWPZ

Table 8.4. Performance of new entries under Barley Network trials Rabi (2012-13)

Name Parentage Yield (Q/ha)(Mean & Range) Rk Heading

daysTiller/ meter

Yellow rustScore (ACI)

LB(Average)

AVT-TS-MB

DWRB 101 DWR28/BH581 51.7 (37.4-67.4) 2 91 140 0.0 13

DWRUB52 (C) DWR17/K551 47.4 (27.7-66.02) 4 89 148 0.0 45

BH902 (FB C) BH495/RD2552 45.1 (26.6-3.61) 5 92 116 0.0 13

IVT (LS-MB)

DWRB118 DWRUB 52/DWRUB 54 44.65 (36.0-51.4) 2 82 122 0.0 -

DWRB73(C) PL710/DWR17 44.13 (34.8-53.2) 3 82 107 0.0 -

DWRUB64 (C) DL472/PL705 39.97 (35.4-49.2) 11 80 89 0.0 -

DWRB91 (C) DWR46/RD2552 44.84 (28.9-57.4) 1 81 108 0.0 -

DWRB 92

ba

rle

y n

etw

or

k


Entry DWRB101 has been advanced to the final year of AVT (TS-MB) for evaluation. Entry DWRB118 has been advanced to AVT (LS-MB) first year from IVT. These promotions are based on their superior performance with respect to grain yield, resistance to rust and malting quality in the multi-location trial conducted in NWPZ. The details of performance of these entries in coordinated yield trials in summarized in Table 8.4.

New entries submitted to barley network trial (2013-14)

The efforts had resulted in development new strains which after qualifying in DWR Station Trials have been submitted for multi-location yield evaluation trials under Barley Network. During the year nine new entries which performed better in station trials have been submitted from the project to coordinated trials during 2013-14 crop season (Table 8.5).

Table 8.5. New entries submitted to IVT 2013-14.

IVT No. (13-14)

Entry No. in BST

Parentage Production Condition

DWRB121 BK1208 DWRUB52/DWR28 IVT- MB – LS

DWRB122 BK1212 DWRUB52/BCU5734 IVT- MB –TS

DWRB123 BK1214DWRUB54/DWR51

IVT- MB –TS +LS

DWRB124 BK1215DWRUB54/DWRUB64

IVT- MB –TS +LS

DWRB125 BK1217 DWRUB54/RD2668 IVT- MB –TS

DWRB126 BK1219DWRUB62/BCU5754

IVT- MB –TS +LS

DWRB127 BK1222 DWR45/DWR46 IVT- MB –TS

DWRB128 BK1229DWRUB54/DWRUB75

IVT- MB –TS +LS

Evaluation of parental lines

A collection of 279 different lines were grown and evaluated for various morphological and agronomic

traits at malt barley crossing block. In order to enrich the parental lines collection 29 new entries from ICARDA Syria (exotic popular malt barley cultivars released in Europe and other countries) have been acquired from different sources and also repeated during rabi, 2012-13 in the crossing block for the malt barley breeding project.

The parental lines as well as entire breeding material consisting of different generations, grown at DWR Karnal, were screened for resistance to stripe and leaf rusts and leaf blights under artificial inoculation. The screening for aphid was done under natural incidence. The resistant single plant selections were made during March 2013.


In order to incorporate yield, quality, disease/pest resistance, local adaptation, and early maturity in two-row exotic barleys, 116 new crosses were made during 2012-13 season. Based on seed availability 64 F1s were sent for advancement to F2.And all were recovered from off season nursery. Various sources of resistance (aphid, rusts, blights and nematode) and early maturity have been utilized in hybridization programme. Also the semi winter x spring type and Two x Six-row crosses for improvement of various parameters in both types of barleys, along with good malting qualities were attempted.

Breeding material

During the year 2012-13, the breeding material in different generations (828 families representing 534 crosses involving several generations from F2 to F7) was grown and screened for stripe rust and leaf blights under artificial epiphytotic condition (Table 8.6). The single plant selections were made in different generations for phenotypic appearance, disease reactions. In all, 1157 single plants representing 403 crosses were selected, for generation advancement based on desirable morphological traits, resistance to stripe & leaf rusts, blights & aphid.

Table 8.6. Malt barley breeding material grown in rabi 2012-13

Generation Grown Selected

Rabi, 2012-13 Field Selection Grain Selection

Families Crosses Families Crosses Families Crosses

F7 5 2 1 (B*)+3 2 3 1

F6 84 36 29(B) +22 29 14 11

F5 143 66 3(B)+254 65 201 60

F4 169 69 189 67 148 64

F3 248 182 305 155 267 146

F2 89 89 384 85 272 79

F1 90 90 - - - -

Total 828 534 33 (B)+1157 403 905 361*(B) Bulk made for station trials

ba

rle

y n

etw

or

k


These selections were subjected for grain scoring and rejecting undesirable grain types in laboratory. Based on desirable grain score 905 single plant progenies representing 361 crosses were selected, for generation advancement during rabi 2013-14.

In all, 33 promising genotypes were bulked for PYT and these 33 new bulks were then grown at Lahaul (HP) & Wellington (TN) during the summer nursery 2013. All the bulks (BK1301 to BK1333) were selected on the basis of grain quality, as well as off season nursery performance for further evaluation for yield and quality in the station trials during rabi 2013-14.

Feed barley improvement

Evaluation of parental lines

A few number of introductions made were included in the crossing block for improvement of feed as well as dual purpose barley. In order to develop a crossing block for improvement of feed as well as dual purpose barley, 955 accessions including the germplasm accessions from DWR active collection as well as new accessions obtained from exotic sources were evaluated and around 280 lines were included in

the crossing block. All these selected lines are being further evaluated in the rabi season 2013-14 to identify superior parental lines to part of the crossing block. The barley programme has been benefited from this acquisition and some of these lines were used in the hybridization programme. In addition the EIBGN and NBGSN were also put under observation trial to identify suitable parental lines.


In order to incorporate yield, quality, disease/pest resistance, smooth awns, wide adaptation and early maturity in six rowed barley, 160 crosses were attempted during crop season 2012-13 (Table 8.7). Based on seed availability 140 F1s were grown at Lahulspiti for advancement to F2S but only 125 could be recovered from off season nursery. Various sources of resistance (rusts and leaf blights) and yield attributes including indigenous and exotic lines have been utilized in hybridization programme. In addition, two rowed and six rowed parental lines were used in crossing programme for generating the variation and improvement of various parameters in both types of barleys.

Table 8.7. Feed and dual purpose barley breeding material grown in rabi 2012-13

Generation Grown Selected

Field selection Grain Selection

Families Crosses Families Crosses Families Crosses

F3 181 85 287 81 181 79

F2 160 156 446 157 273 152

F1 139 139 - - - -

Barley quality

Evaluation of malt purpose barley

The Barley Network Unit took up the evaluation of grain samples of Advanced Varietal Trial (AVT) and Initial Varietal Trial (IVT) on malt barley received from various test sites at its central facility for malting quality evaluation. The malt barley varietal trials were conducted in NWPZ during Rabi 2012-13, in two sowing dates as separate sets. The trial conducting centers were requested to provide about 500 gm grain sample of each genotype. The grain samples were received from ten locations (Hisar, Karnal, Bawal, Ludhiana, Bathinda, Durgapura, Mathura, Modipuram, Pantnagar and Vijapur) in timely sown and from six locations (Hisar, Karnal, Ludhiana, Bathinda, Modipuram and Durgapura) in late sown conditions. This year a total of 345 samples were received (Table 8.7). There were 15 test entries in IVT (TS) which were analyzed with two checks, while 14 test entries in IVT (LS) were evaluated with four checks. In case of AVT (TS), three entries (DWRB92,

DWRB101 and RD2849) with three checks and in AVT (LS) one entry (BH968) with four checks were analyzed.

The samples were first analyzed for physical and biochemical grain parameters important for malting based on the approved guidelines. The different traits (test weight, bold/thin proportion, germinative energy, 1000 grain weight and husk content) were analyzed as per EBC approved procedures. This year crude protein content of grains was quantified using NIR system and is expressed on dry weight basis. The processed grain samples (thin grains removed) were subjected to micro-malting taking 100 gm sample from each variety. The variety DWRUB52 was included for timely sown trials and DWRB73 for late sown trials to adjust the malting cycles. The Analytical Guidelines for Barley Breeders in India approved by the “National Core Group on Malt Barley Development” (NCGMBD) were followed for the minimum standards of physical and biochemical properties of barley grain and malt, for evaluation of new genotypes.

ba

rle

y n

etw

or

k


The analytical methods of EBC (Analytica EBC, 2003) were followed for determination of various quality

parameters. The analysis of diastatic power (D.P.) of malt was done as per the IOB method and expressed in ºLinter value.

Table 8.7. Details of grain samples received and analyzed for malting quality

State Location Trial No. of Samples

Timely sown

Haryana Hisar AVT/IVT 23

Karnal AVT/IVT 23

Bawal AVT/IVT 23

Punjab Ludhiana AVT/IVT 23

Bathinda AVT/ IVT 23

Rajasthan Durgapura AVT/IVT 23

Uttrakhand Pantnagar AVT 6

Uttar Pradesh Mathura AVT/IVT 23

Modipuram AVT/IVT 23

Gujarat Vijapur IVT 17

Late sown

Haryana Hisar AVT/IVT 23

Karnal AVT/IVT 23

Punjab Ludhiana AVT/IVT 23

Bathinda AVT/IVT 23

Uttar Pradesh Modipuram AVT/IVT 23

Rajasthan Durgapura AVT/IVT 23

Total 345

Since many of the grain and malt quality traits are negatively correlated and we have to look for the balanced optimal combination for these traits. There were several entries observed promising for

individual traits, after the detailed analysis across locations in the NWPZ (Table 8.8). This was done by the system of scoring giving due weight age to important traits.

Table 8.8. Promising entries for individual malting quality trait

Traits Promising entries

Timely sown Late sown

Test weight (≥65kg/hl) DWRB101, RD 849, BH974, BH976, DWRB113, DWRB115, DWRB117, PL874, PL875, DWRUB52 (c)

-

Grain plumpness (>90 %) DWRB92, RD2872 RD2870, DWRB 91(c)

Protein content (< 11.0 %) BH 902 (c) DWRUB64 (c)

Husk content (<11.0 %) PL874, RD2870, RD2873 BH978, BH979, DWRB118, DWRB119, PL876, PL877, RD2870, RD2871, RD2872,DWRB91 (c)

Malt friability (>60%) - -

Hot water extract (≥80%) RD2849 -

Filtration rate (>250 ml/hr) DWRB92, DWRB116, PL875, RD2870 BH968, DWRUB64 (c), BH979, DWRB118, DWRB119, DWRB120, PL876, PL877, RD2870, RD2873, DWRB91 (c)

Beta glucan %(≤ 4.0 %)

K551 (c) -

Over all MQ (Overall score > best check)

DWRB101, BH976, PL874, RD2870 PL877, RD2870

ba

rle

y n

etw

or

k


Quality evaluation of non-malt purpose barley

The feed grain samples from various trials grown at different locations under AICW&BIP were analysed for few physical parameters and protein content. The parameters analysed included test weight (kg/

hl), thousand grain weight (g), grain plumpness and grain crude protein content (%). The details of samples received are given in table 8.9.

The entries having high test weight; crude protein and thousand grain weight have been listed in table 8.10.

Table 8.9. Details of grain samples received and analyzed for quality

Trial Zone Locations Total no. of samples

AVT (RF) NHZ Bajaura, Kangra, Malan, Shimla, Almora, Bilaspur 126

AVT (IR) NWPZ Bawal, Hisar, Rohtak, BathindaLudhiana, Durgapura 42

AVT (IR) NEPZ Faizabad, Kanpur, Varanasi, Bhagalpur, Pusa 25

AVT (IR) CZ Kota, SK Nagar, Vijapur 15

IVT (IR-FB) NWPZ/NEPZ/CZ Hisar, Ludhiana, Durgapura, Faizabad, Kanpur, Varansi, Pantnagar, Vijapur, SK Nagar, Pusa,

270

IVT (Rainfed) NEPZ Kanpur, Faizabad, Varansi, Bhagalpur, Pusa 70

AVT (SAL/ALK) NWPZ/NEPZ Dalipnagar, Faizabad-1, Faizabad-2, Bawal, Hisar, Rampura (Jodhpur) 114

IVT (DPB) NWPZ/NEPZ/CEN Hisar, Durgapur, Jhansi, Faizabad, Kanpur, Varansi, Anand, Kota, Vijapur 144

AVT (DPB) NHZ Almora, Bajaura 40

Total 846

Table 8.10. Entries having highest test weight, thousand grain weight, bold grain percentage and protein content in respective trials

Trial Test weight Thousand grain weight Bold grain (%) Crude protein

AVT (Rainfed Barley) – NHZ DWRB111 BHS416 BHS416 DWRB112

AVT (Irrigated Feed Barley) – NWPZ RD2035 (c) BH902 (c) BH946 HUB113, RD2832

AVT (Irrigated Feed Barley) – NEPZ Jyoti (c) Jyoti (c) RD2811 Jyoti (c)

AVT (Irrigated) – CZ PL 751 RD 2833 RD 2830 RD 2786 (c)

IVT (Irrigated Feed Barley) – NWPZ/NEPZ/CZ DWRB 109 DWRB 109 JB 277 UPB 1035

IVT (Rainfed Feed Barley) –NEPZ PL 879 PL 879 PL 879 PL 878

AVT (SAL/ALK) – NWPZ/NEPZ BH 972 RD 2864 RD 2862 BH 973

IVT (Dual Purpose Barley) – NWPZ/NEPZ/CZ BH 970 Azad (c) BH 970 UPB 1035

AVT (Dual Purpose Barley) – NHZ HBL 276 (c) VLB 132 BHS 420 HBL 715

Studies with grain protein

Evaluation of moderate to high protein genotypes: The 25 genotypes identified from germplasm and AICRP for moderately higher grain protein content

were evaluated at seven locations during the crop season 2012-13 (Fig. 8.4). The genotypes recording mean protein content of > 14.0% were BCU2241, BCU5070, BCU5173, BCU5474, BK 306 and BK316. The

Fig. 8.4. Crude protein content (% dwb) in barley

ba

rle

y n

etw

or

k


genotype BK 306 has already been tested at Karnal location in two crop seasons and had >12.0% protein content. However, the genotypes BCU 2241, BCU 5070, BK 306 and BK 316 had moderately higher protein content coupled with higher bold grain percentage. The thousand grain weight in BK 306 was also highest among the genotypes tested this year. These genotypes are being and will be further evaluated for malt and nutritional quality perspective.

Evaluation of malt quality of genotypes with moderately higher protein content: Eight genotypes identified for moderately higher protein were evaluated for malt quality parameters. On the basis of weighed score of three parameters (Protein content was not included) the genotypes BK 316 (21/24) and BK 324 (22/24) were at par or close to the best control BCU 73. However, these two genotypes were higher in protein content as compared to controls, but lower than other genotypes. The initial screening regarding

malting quality and protein content values need to be verified in coming years for stability of character and other related analysis.

Studies with grain beta glucan

High beta glucan genotypes (nutritional quality): A set of twenty genotypes consisting of germplasm lines, entries from AICRP and varieties, which were found to have higher beta glucan in earlier year, were grown at seven locations spread over NWPZ, NEPZ and NHZ and samples were analysed for beta glucan and some additional traits. The germplasm lines BCU 554 had the highest beta glucan content of 7.1%, while a total of nine genotypes had mean beta glucan content of 6% or more (Fig. 8.5). The genotypes BCU 554, DWRUB76 and BK 306 were of particular interest because of higher thousand grains weight in addition to higher beta glucan content. The genotype BK 306 has moderately higher protein content also coupled with >90% bold grain percentage.

Fig. 8.5. Beta glucan (% dwb) in barley grains

Fig. 8.6. Beta glucan (% dwb) in barley grains

Low beta glucan genotypes (malt quality): Contrary to health food use, for malt purpose barley beta glucan content should be low i.e. preferably < 4.0 % dwb. A set of 19 genotypes were screened at seven locations for stability of lower beta glucan trait. A grain beta glucan content of < 3.4% (taking the control K 551)

was obtained in 13 out of 18 genotypes tested against K 551 (Fig. 8.6). The genotype SLOOP VIC VB 9953 was found to be the best with respect to beta glucan and bold grain percentage taken together. The other promising genotypes is RD 2852 with reasonably lower beta glucans and protein and having good bold grain percentage and thousand grain weight.

ba

rle

y n

etw

or

k


Malting quality of low beta glucan genotypes: The genotypes having lower beta glucan content were also tested for malting quality parameters. The score for lower beta glucan group was very low as compared to controls except the genotype SLOOP VIC VB 9953, which was exceptionally good.

Germplasm lines BK 306 and BCU 554 have been identified with higher protein content with higher

bold grain percentage and reasonably good beta glucan percentage (Fig 8.7), which is even higher or comparable with the naked barley cultivars developed in country.

Besides protein and beta glucans, promising lines were identified for other quality traits also after multi-location testing and are listed in table 8.11.

Table 8.11. Promising lines for other quality traits

Trait Genotype

Low husk content (< 10.0%)

DWRB 107

High thousand grain weight (> 50 g)

BK 1107, BK 1127

High starch content (> 62.0%)

DWR 62, DWRUB 55, HENLEY, KARAN 741, SK 17, SK 18

High anti-oxidant activity Kasota

Biochemical evaluation of malting quality crossing block genotypes for quality

Around 250 genotypes being used in the malting quality improvement crossing block were screened since last three years and on the basis of pooled results of three years, promising entries have been identified (Table 8.12).

Screening of germplasm lines: A total of 451 germplasm lines were screened for grain quality

parameters and promising genotypes identified for further studies is given in table 8.13.

Fig. 8.7.Germplasm lines BK 306 and BCU 554

BK 306 BCU 554

Table 8.13. Promising genotypes identified for grain quality

Trait Germplasm number Total number of lines

Test weight (> 70.0 kg/hl) BCU 5783, 6228, 6237, 6400, 6430, 5968, 6231,6240, 6229, 6488, 6235,6238, 6233, 6253, 6446, 6236, 6448, 6242, 6442, 6252, 6487, 6234, 6396, 6484, 6398, 6399, 6082, 6443, 5980, 6401, 6479, 6397, 6227, 6441, 6409, 6433, 6475, 6224, 6012

40

TGW (> 55.0 g) BCU 6204, 5982, 5909, 6212, 6467, 5981, 5977, 5927, 6215, 6420, 5587, 5962 11

Bold grains (> 96%) BCU 5929, 5927, 5942, 6201, 6067, 5975, 5930, 5819, 5950, 6070 9

High protein content (> 16.0% dwb) BCU 6151, 5709, 6363, 5670, 5732, 6040, 5957, 5595, 6440, 6167, 6482, 11

Low protein content (< 11.0% dwb) BCU 5936, 6306, 6477, 6315, 5924, 6316, 6369 7

High starch content (> 64.0% dwb) BCU 6400, 5968, 6398, 6444, 6307, 5969 6

Coloured grains BCU 5915, 6304, 6057

Table 8.12. Promising entries identified from malting quality improvement crossing block

Trait Genotypes identified

Low protein content (< 9.0%)

VM 155, KEEL, SK 2, VM 158, MARNIE, KASOTA (EC 532635), K 18, TETONIA (EC 631946) and K 19

Low beta glucan content (< 3.0%)*

K 14, SHEBEC, SLOOP SAWI-3167, SLOOP VIC VB 9953, BCU 2030, BCU 277, K 19 and BCU 199

High starch content (> 63.5%)

DWR 62, DWR 80, Karan 741, SK 9, TETONIA (EC 631946) and MARNIE

High thousand grain weight (>60.0 g)*

DWRUB 62, BK 311, DWR 71, DWR 70, DWR 72 and 22nd IBON 62

High test weight (> 68.0 kg/hl)*

CDC McGWIRE, DWR 62, EB 921, CDC DOLLY

High bold grain percentage (> 98.5%)*

BK 9816, DWR 72, BK 311, BK 312, DWR 29, DWR 38, DWR 100 & EB 921

*Average values of two years

ba

rle

y n

etw

or

k


Effect of location on malt quality parameters

The genotypes DWRUB52 & BH902 grown at 10 locations in two replications were simultaneously micromalted and analysed for friability, hot water extract, filtration rate, diastatic power and glucanase activity. Only hot water extract & filtration rate were found to get affected by growing location.

Resource management

The researchable issues in barley resource management are fine tuning of sowing dates under changing climatic conditions, irrigation timings and methods, seed density per unit area, fertilizer dose, source and scheduling, optimum input use under saline conditions, barley for high and low input conditions etc. Use of conservation agriculture techniques in barley is also important to save time, energy, money and to improve soil health. The long-term objective is to improve the productivity and quality of barley on sustainable basis. Brief research highlights of barley agronomy during 2013-14 were as follows:

Evaluation of new genotypes for different nutrient supply and wide adaptability

The second year AVT genotypes of feed and malt barley were evaluated for sowing conditions and fertility levels at different locations in different zones. Nineteen trials proposed for varietal evaluation and forty special trials (40) for fine tuning package of practices in different zones were conducted during the year. The performance of test entry (BHS 400) was evaluated against three checks (UPB 1008, HBL 113 and VLB 118) at Malan, Bajaura, Shimla, and Almora in NHZ. The test entry and check (VLB 118) were statistically at par whereas other checks are inferior to the test entry and genotypes responded up to 60 kg N/ha.

The performance of test entries HUB 113 and BH 946 were evaluated against three checks (RD 2552, RD 2035 and BH 902) at Agra, Durgapura, Hisar, Ludhiana and Karnal in NWPZ. Both the test entries BH 946 and HUB 113 were significantly superior to checks under normal as well as late sown conditions. In malt barley, test entry DWRB 92 was significantly superior to all checks (two row malt barley DWRUB 52; six row feed barley BH 902 and six row good malting quality K 551) under timely sown condition in NWPZ. The performance of test entries (RD 2811, HUB 113) were evaluated against three checks (K 508, Jyoti, RD 2552) at four locations namely Kanpur, Faizabad, Varanasi and Rewa under normal and late sown conditions. Test entry HUB 113 was ranked 1st closely followed by RD 2552.

Sowing dates of malt and feed barley under changing climate

Four varieties (BH 902, RD 2552, DWRUB 52 and RD 2668) were evaluated against four dates of sowing (dates starting from last week of October to last week of November, 10 days interval) to fine-tune the sowing dates under changing agro climatic conditions in split plot design. It was observed that sowing date of 20th November was observed as best for feed barley because before that yield was reduced due to lodging and after that yield reduced due to late sowing. In case of malt barley, the yield was at par from 30th October to 20th November and after that yield reduced due to late sowing (Table 8.14). The highest yield (45.09 q/ha) was obtained in BH 902 when sowing was done on 20th November.

Table 8.14. Performance of timely sown varieties under different sowing dates

Varieties Yield (q/ha)

D I D II D III D IV Mean

BH 902 34.11 27.00 45.09 40.97 36.79

RD 2552 29.70 26.51 38.40 35.54 32.54

DWRUB 52 39.58 39.86 38.22 36.61 38.57

RD 2668 32.10 33.31 34.91 31.06 32.85

MEAN 33.87 31.67 39.16 36.05 35.19

C.D. (q/ha) C.V.(%)

DOS 1.75 4.99

Varieties 1.51 5.11

Sowing dates:- DI: 30.10.12, DII:10.11.12, DIII:20.11.12, DIV:30.11.12

Late sown irrigated malt barley in NWPZ

Four varieties (DWRUB64, DWRB73, DWRB 91 and RD 2508) were evaluated against four dates of sowing (dates starting from first week of December to first week of January, 10 days interval) to fine-tune the sowing dates under changing agro climatic conditions. The results showed that sowing of DWRUB64 and DWRB73 was optimum up to 25th of December thereafter the yield reduced significantly and DWRB91 and RD 2508 were good only up to 05th December and after that the yield reduced significantly. The highest yield (39.64 q/ha) was obtained in DWRB 91 when sowing was done on 05th December (Table 8.15).

Effect of sulphur application on productivity and quality of barley

The trial was conducted with an objective to evaluate the effect of sulphur application on yield and quality of barley crop. The experiment was conducted with four treatments of sulphur application (0,20,30,40 kg/ha) and three varieties (DWRUB 52, RD 2668, BH 902) in split plot design. A perusal of data showed that sulphur application affected the productivity of barley

ba

rle

y n

etw

or

k


Table 8.16. Effect of sulphur application on productivity of barley


S 0 S 10 S 20 S 30 Mean

DWRUB 52 41.17 40.10 40.99 40.59 40.72

RD 2668 31.76 33.20 32.81 31.22 32.25

BH 902 42.09 39.22 37.56 37.31 39.05

MEAN 38.34 37.51 37.12 36.37 37.34

C.D. C.V.(%)

Sulphur 1.33 3.08

Varieties 0.79 2.43Date of Sowing: 12.11.12, Date of Harvesting: 15.04.13

The results indicate that S application may influence the test weight and grain protein content, however, the influence of S on 1000 grain weight, thin grain %, malt yield and friability is genotype specific. There was no effect of S application on hot water extract (Table 8.17).

Table 8.17. Effect of sulphur application on malting quality of barley

Sulphur (kg/ha)

Test wt (kg/hl)

1000 g wt (g)

Bold grain (%)

Thin grain (%)

Crude protein (% dwb)

Germination (%)

Malt yield

Friability Hot water extract

Filtration rate (ml/hr)

Diastaticpower

(o L)

0 63.5 40.3 62.4 10.2 11.9 91.9 84.5 50.4 78.9 235 107

10 64.4 40.7 64.5 8.9 11.9 90.5 84.4 50.6 79.9 242 110

20 65.2 40.8 65.3 8.6 12.3 91.7 84.9 50.1 79.6 219 110

30 64.4 39.7 66.3 9.3 11.9 90.4 84.8 49.1 79.9 213 108

Mean 64.3 40.4 64.6 9.3 12.0 91.1 84.6 50.0 79.5 227 109

CD (0.05) 0.9* N.S. N.S. N.S. 0.3* N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S.

Var.

DWRUB 52 65.6 40.6 69.5 7.45 11.72 91.2 85.2 50.9 80.0 225 110

RD 2668 63.6 39.3 52.3 12.95 12.39 92.5 83.9 51.1 79.5 234 108

BH 902 63.9 41.3 72.1 7.37 11.89 89.7 84.8 48.2 79.2 223 109

Mean 64.4 40.4 64.6 9.26 12.0 91.1 84.6 50.0 79.5 227 109

CD (0.05) 1.1** 0.9** 4.7** 1.7** 0.3** N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S.

SXV N.S. 1.8** N.S. 3.4** N.S N.S. 2.3* 7.3* N.S. N.S. N.S.

Integrated nutrient management in malt and feed barley

The main objective of this trial was to optimise integrated nutrient supply in different tillage options. Are differences in nutrient requirement due to tillage practices occur? What is the effect of nutrient combinations on yield and malting quality? One trial was conducted with three tillage options(zero, reduced and conventional) and six nutrient combinations (1. 100% Inorganic fertilizer (IF), 2. 50% IF +5 t FYM/ha, 3. 50% IF+ 1.5 t vermicompost/ha, 4. 100% through FYM -12.5 t/ha, 5. 100% through vermicompost - 4.0 t/ha, 6. Absolute control) in malt barley. In another experiment, ten combinations of NPK (N0P0K0, NP0K0, N0PK0, N0P0K, N0PK, NP0K, NPK0, NPK, NPK40, NPK60)

were evaluated to find out best options in terms of productivity and quality in malt barley.

The results revealed that reduced tillage and conventional practice were at par in grain yield irrespective of nutrient combinations whereas zero tillage gave numerically low yields. 100% inorganic application gave highest yield and superior to integrated nutrient supply and organic application. 50%inorganic application+5t FYM and 100% inorganic application were at par in barley productivity (Table 8.18). 100% organic application either FYM or vermicompost gave lowest yields. Tillers/m2 and grains/earhead were found to be more under inorganic and integrated use of fertilisers as compare to organic nutrient supply whereas 1000 grain wt

Table 8.15. Performance of timely sown varieties under different sowing dates


DI DII DIII DIV Mean

DWRUB 64 34.99 33.97 35.65 31.36 33.99

DWRB 73 33.18 30.18 33.23 22.23 29.71

DWRB 91 39.64 36.27 35.65 27.30 34.71

RD 2508 35.77 31.57 33.73 33.93 33.75

MEAN 35.90 33.00 34.57 28.71 33.04

C.D. (q/ha) C.V.(%)

DOS 1.86 5.64

Varieties 1.30 4.68Sowing Dates:- DI: 05.12.12, DII:15.12.12, DIII:25.12.12, DIV: 05.01.13

variety RD 2668 but no effect was noticed on DWRUB 52 and BH 902. The yield of RD 2668 increased from 31.76 to 33.20 q/ha with the 10 kg S/ha. In other two varieties yield was as good as zero S application (Table 8.16).

ba

rle

y n

etw

or

k


and hectolitre weight were at par among different nutrient combinations. The bold grains were found to be more under inorganic fertilizer application and integrated nutrient supply as compared to organic application. Conversely, thin grains were more under organic fertiliser application. Protein % was more under inorganic as compared to organic nutrient supply. Malt characteristics like, malt friability, homogeneity, DP, hot water extract were similar in all nutrient combinations and tillage treatments except that friability, homogeneity were comparatively low in zero tillage.

Perusal of data in table 8.18 revealed that the nutrient combinations NP0K0, NP0K, NPK0, NPK, NPK40, NPK60 were at par in malt barley productivity, highest was obtained where all the NPK nutrient were applied (Table 8.19). Non application of Phosphorus and potash did not affect the yield significantly. Malt characteristics such as friability, homogeneity, DP, hot water extract were similar in all nutrient combinations.

Conservation agriculture

Experiments on conservation agriculture has been initiated during the season 2013-14 for the

Table 8.18. Effect of integrated nutrient supply on yield, yield attributes and quality of malt barley

Nutrient Supply Yield (q/ha) Grains/spike Effective tillers/m2

Zero Reduced Conv. Zero Reduced Conv. Zero Reduced Conv.

NPK 44.33 43.00 43.93 31.3 30 30.7 549 537 550

50NPK+5.0 t/ha FYM 43.39 41.43 43.29 29.3 30 31.3 531 554 551

50NPK+1.5 t/ha Vermi 39.12 42.00 40.31 30.7 31.3 29.3 532 540 551

12.5 t/ha FYM 36.45 39.69 40.84 29.3 30.7 28.7 525 538 544

4.0 t/ha Vermi 36.48 39.04 41.49 30.7 30.7 29.3 530 541 552

Abs control 32.51 33.01 33.83 29.3 30 29.3 538 539 540

M 38.71 39.50 39.61 30.1 30.5 29.8 534.2 542 548

CD (0.05%) Tillage 0.84 0.93 7.52

INM 0.64 1.32 6.65

Hect. wt (g) Bold grain (%) Protein (%)

NPK 70 70 69.5 77 75.3 75.5 9.3 9.7 10.6

50NPK+5.0 t/ha FYM 70.3 69.9 69.5 79.8 75.4 73.8 9.1 9.3 10.3

50NPK+1.5 t/ha Vermi 70.2 69.4 69 77.9 74.5 75.1 9 9.4 10

12.5 t/ha FYM 70.2 70.3 70.9 80.8 77.9 78 8.8 9.2 9.1

4.0 t/ha Vermi 70.2 70.6 70.3 79.3 80 77.3 8.8 9 9.1

Abs control 69.4 70.2 70.7 76.7 76.6 78.8 8.8 8.8 9.4

Mean 70.1 70.1 70.0 78.6 76.6 76.4 9.0 9.2 9.8

CD (0.05%) Tillage 0.79 1.01 0.67

INM 1.04 2.23 0.30

Table 8.19. Productivity and quality of malt barley under different nutrient combinations

NPK combinations Yield (q/ha) Grains/ spike Effective tillers/m2 Hect. wt (g) Bold grain (%) Protein (%)

N0P0K0 27.06 60.0 414 64.7 87.2 9.87

NP0K0 34.72 64.0 421 66.4 84.4 10.5

N0PK0 28.74 62.0 416 65.1 85.1 9.73

N0P0K 28.34 62.0 417 65.5 88.9 9.43

N0PK 30.16 63.3 413 64.9 84.5 9.93

NP0K 34.85 62.0 420 66.0 86.7 10.1

NPK0 34.44 66.0 431 64.7 84.3 10.5

NPK 34.91 64.0 426 64.8 86.9 10.0

NPK40 35.24 64.0 430 65.3 81.5 10.5

NPK60 36.59 64.0 431 65.9 83.1 10.2

CD (0.05%) 2.69 5.75 5.75 1.5 6.27 0.62

ba

rle

y n

etw

or

k


entries were showing resistance to leaf rust and 35 entries were showing leaf blight resistance (AV 14-35 HS ≤ 57). Out of 139 entries, all the entries were found to be either S or HS to CCN except only one entry RD 2832. None of the entries were showing resistance to aphids and all were showing HS = 4 to 5.

Out of 47 entries screened in EBDSN, the following entries were confirmed for resistance against the particular disease based on two consecutive years under AICW&BIP. BH969, DWRB108, HUB221, JB240, VLB130 and VLB130 were found to be free from stripe rust (ACI=0) and PL864, PL867 and VLB128 were having leaf blight score of ≤57.

Fig. 8.8. Relay cropping of barley in cotton

Fig. 8.9. Barley growth in different residue loads

Fig. 8.10. Barley entries screened for various biotic stresses

enhancement of barley yield on sustainable basis (Fig 8.8 and Fig. 8.9).

Barley crop protection

The year 2012-13 was a rust free year. Among the rusts, only yellow rust was found in Himachal Pradesh and other rusts were not observed.

Adult plant resistance (APR)

During the year 2012-13, 604 barley entries were screened under various nurseries (IBDSN, NBDSN and EBDSN) for resistance against various diseases, aphid and CCN. Out of 604 entries, 369 entries were received for IBDSN, 139 were for NBDSN and 47 for EBDSN (Fig 8.10). Seedling Resistance Test (SRT) for NBDSN and EBDSN entries was conducted at DWR Regional station, Shimla. Out of 369 IBDSN entries tested, 234 entries were found to be resistant (ACI<10) to stripe rust out of which 40 entries have ACI =0. In case of leaf rust 109 entries fall under ACI<10. For stem rust, 93 entries were found to be having HS<10. In case of leaf blight screening, 109 entries were found to have resistance.

Under National Barley Disease Screening Nursery, entries such as DWRB117, HBL714, JB278, RD2811, RD2849, RD2858, RD2862, RD2864, RD 2865, RD2866, RD2867, RD 2868, RD 2870,RD2871, RD2552 and RD2786 were found to be free from Stripe rust and 22

ba

rle

y n

etw

or

k


In addition, three hundred sixty ICARDA germplasm entries were screened for resistance to stripe rust, leaf blight and leaf rust under artificial inoculations and 35 entries were found to be free from stripe rust. Leaf blight resistance was observed among 55 entries.

Chemical control of barley foliar blight and stripe rust

To validate the effectiveness of various fungicides against foliar blight and stripe rust experiments were conducted. It was observed that seed treatment with Vitavax @ 3g/Kg followed by spraying with Tilt / Folicur @ 0.1% is effective for management of leaf blight. For management of stripe rust, spraying with Tilt @ 0.1% and Bayleton @ 0.1% recorded lower disease severity and higher yield.

Screening of NBDSN barley entries (2012-13) against foliar aphids

During 2012-13, one hundred fourty NBDSN entries were screened against aphids at five locations. All the entries were either susceptible (grade 4) or highly susceptible (grade 5) to barley aphid at most of the locations. There was differential reactions to foliar aphid suggesting the presence of biotypes in barley foliar aphid at various zones.

In chemical control of foliage feeding barley aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis), the insecticide clothianidin 50 WDS (0.40 aphid/tiller) recorded least aphid population.

Seedling Resistance Test (SRT)

Under NBDSN, seven lines viz., JB278, KB1201, RD2552, RD2833,VLB130, VLB132, VLB135 were resistant to all three rusts. Fifty two other lines were resistant to more than two of the rusts of barley.

Under EBDSN, three accessions viz., RD2833,VLB 124 and VLB130 were showing resistance to all three rusts. In addition, BH965, BHS409, BH962, HUB 113, HUB221, PL864, RD2784, RD2835, RD2837, UPB1022 and VLB132 were resistant to brown and black rusts and HBL711, RD2816, RD2842 and RD2851 were found tob resistant against brown and yellow rusts.

Localization of genomic regions for spot blotch and corn leaf aphid resistance using RIL populations

RIL population of cross DWR49 X RD2503 was used to identify QTLs associated with spot blotch resistance in barley. The genotypic data of 50 polymorphic SSR markers (Fig. 8.11) and two years phenotypic data was used this year for Composite Interval Mapping (CIM). Three QTLs were identified: QTL Rcs-qtl-1H-1 at proximal end (0.0 cM) on 1H chromosome near SSR marker Bmac 213; QTL Rcs-qtl-1H-2 around 9.0 cM again on 1H flanked by markers ABG059 and Bmag872 and QTL Rcs-qtl-5H-1 on 5H chromosome at 92 cM flanked by markers SCIND16991-GMS1. These three QTLs explained total 52% phenotypic variation for spot blotch resistant genotype DWR49.During this study it was revealed that the resistance to spot blotch is controlled by polygenic inheritance. An earlier report also suggested polygenic control for spot blotch resistance as three and four genes were found to control virulence for Cochliobolus sativus in barley.

In another study, genotypic and phenotypic data for RIL population of EB921 X Alfa93 were used to locate genomic region conferring Corn Leaf Aphid (CLA) resistance in barley. STS marker KV1/KV2 on 1H chromosome was found relatively closer to gene conferring CLA resistance in barley genotype EB921 during linkage analysis based on MAP MANAGER version QTXb20.

New initiativesA new project with international collaboration ICAR ICARDA CRP 3.6 Dryland Cereals has been started with the objectives of increasing barley productivity and quality through breeding strategies and agro technologies including pathological and molecular level studies.

A contract research project on Grain Oats was also initiated to evaluate performance of different Brazilian oat genotypes for agronomy and quality purpose. The project is sponsored by PepsiCo India Pvt. ltd.

Fig. 8.11. SSR marker Bmag213 (1H) based amplification of individual RILs of cross DWR49 X RD2503

ba

rle

y n

etw

or

k


Quinquennial review of DWR and AICW&BIP

The Quinquennial Review Team constituted vide ICAR office order No. F 16-7/11-1A-IV dated 28th May 2012 reviewed in depth the progress of research, coordination, and technology transfer of DWR and AICW&BIP for the period 2008-2013. The team included Dr. B Mishra, Former Vice Chancellor, SKUAST, Jammu as chairman and other members were Dr. PK Joshi, Director (South Asia), IFPRI, New Delhi; Dr. GS Nanda, Former Director Research, PAU, Ludhiana; Dr. PK Gupta, Hon. Emeritus Professor & NASI Sr. Scientist, Meerut University, Meerut; Dr. SK Nayar, Ex-Head, RRS DWR, Flowerdale Station, Shimla; Dr. Yadvinder Singh, INSA Sr. Scientist, Department of Soils, PAU, Ludhiana; Dr. SC Gulati, Ex-Principal Scientist, IARI, New Delhi; and Dr. Ravish Chatrath, Principal Scientist, DWR, Karnal as member secretary. Based on materials submitted and interactions with stakeholders, the QRT submitted report to Dr. S Ayyappan, DG, ICAR and Secretary DARE, New Delhi and made 53 recommendations to further strengthen the research, coordination, infrastructure facilities for meeting the future challenges of maintaining national food and nutritional security. The recommendation of the QRT in respect of research work done and AICRP Wheat and Barley for the period 2008-13 with comments of the council were accepted by the ICAR vide letter number 16-7/11-1A-IV.

The pact 50- A gathering of conversations and existing partnerships on food security in South Asia

August 16-17, 2013: The Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal collaborated with CIMMYT/BISA, New Delhi for organizing two days international meeting “The pact 50- A gathering of conversations and existing partnerships on food security in South Asia” at NASC complex, New Delhi.

BGRI 2013 Technical Workshop

August 19-22, 2013: The Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal collaborated with BGRI for organising “BGRI 2013 Technical Workshop” at New Delhi.

52nd All India Wheat and Barley Research Workers’ Meet

September 1-4, 2013: The 52nd All India Wheat and Barley Research Workers’ Meet was jointly organized by the Directorate of Wheat Research (DWR), Karnal and Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology (CSAUA&T), Kanpur. Dr. MS Swaminathan, Emeritus Chairman and Chief Mentor MS Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai while

inaugurating the meet enumerated the importance and historical perspective of co-ordinated system of testing. He further urged to adopt smart agriculture for ensuring nutritional security and proper storage and post handling mechanism to prevent post-harvest losses. Shri Anand Singh, Hon’ble Minister of Agriculture, Government of UP appreciated the scientists for their significant contribution in the national food security. Dr. Ashok Kumar, Vice Chancellor, CSAUA&T, Kanpur highlighted the significant contribution made by the university in the development of high yielding varieties of wheat and barley crops. Dr. SK Datta, Deputy Director General (Crop Science) of ICAR stressed on the use of molecular tools and techniques for studying genomic based gene sequencing, phenotyping and genomic mapping. Dr. (Mrs) Indu Sharma, Project Director,

9 WorKSHopS/CoNFErENCES/MEETINGS/TrAININGS AND SpECIAL ACTIVITIES orGANISED

Dignitaries releasing the publications during the meet

Dr. MS Swaminathan inaugurating the meet by lighting the lamp

Dr. MS Swaminathan addressing the gathering during the meet

wo

rks

ho

ps/c

on

feren

ces

etc

.


DWR presented the progress report of the AICRIP on wheat and barley for the year 2012-13. Sh. Satish Nigam, Local MLA thanked the organizer for good work. In the various technical sessions, the results of last year experiments were reviewed and based on the deliberations, the programme for 2013-14 was finalized. Apart from this, emerging issues in wheat production were also discussed by eminent speakers during various special sessions. During the meet, 12 wheat and 4 barley varieties were identified for release by the varietal identification committee of Wheat and Barley. Earlier, Dr. LP Tiwari, Organizing Secretary welcomed the delegates and later on vote of thanks was proposed by Dr. NB Singh.

Foundation day

September 9, 2013: The Directorate celebrated its foundation day. Padma Bhushan Prof. RB Singh, President, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences was the chief guest and delivered the foundation day lecture on "Wheat Revolution for Evergreen Economy". He enumerated that unpredictable warmer temperature, drought stresses, high cost of energy and fertilizers are the major threat to global wheat production. He was of the opinion that suitable technology along with appropriate policy and farmers’ acceptability are required for agricultural growth. Dr. DK Sharma, Director, CSSRI also addressed the gathering. Earlier, Dr. Indu Sharma, Project Director, DWR welcomed the gathering and presented the major accomplishments of the directorate during the year gone by. An exhibition was organized on this

occasion. Farmers of the area and students of Pratap Public School, Karnal visited the exhibition stalls.

Innovator-cum-Seed Day

October 15, 2013: Padma Bhushan Dr. RS Paroda, Former Director General, ICAR and Secretary, DARE, Govt. of India and Currently Chairman, TAAS and Haryana Farmers’ Commission inaugurated the Innovator-cum-Seed Day at the Directorate. On the occasion, he highlighted the need for making our agriculture more efficient and resilient, while addressing the second generation problems of green revolution. Dr. AK Srivastava, Director, NDRI was also present. Seeds of yellow rust resistant wheat variety HD2967 were distributed to farmers. More than five hundred farmers from Haryana, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh participated in the programme.

National Symposium on Emerging Trends in Agri Bio-informatics

December 16-17, 2013: The Directorate organized National Symposium on “Emerging trends in Agri Bio-informatics” in order to showcase and explore the advances and innovations made by researchers in various fields of Agri-Bioinformatics. Dr Indu Sharma was the patron and Dr. Ravish Chatrath was the convenor of the symposium. The symposium was inaugurated by Dr. JL Karihaloo, Co-ordinator, Asia-Pacific Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology, while Dr. NK Singh National Professor & BP Pal

Padma Bhushan Prof. RB Singh inaugurating exhibition

Padma Bhushan Prof. RB Singh interacting with school children

Dignitaries on the dais during innovator-cum-seed day

Padma Bhushan Dr. RS Paroda along with Dr. AK Srivastava reviewing the exhibition

wo

rks

ho

ps/c

on

feren

ces

etc

.


Chair, NRCPB delivered the key note address on "Genomics and GM crops for Food Security". The plenary session was chaired by Smt. Alpana Dey, Director & Officer- In- Charge Bioinformatics, Department of Electronics and Information Technology, New Delhi, wherein, Dr. RS Khokar presented the brief overview of the symposium. More than 120 participants from different parts of the country attended the symposium.

Orientation programme for Egypt Scientists

Under the Indo -Egyptian work plan 2012-13, two scientists from Egypt namely Dr. Hoda Mostafa Mostafa El-Gharbawy and Dr. Khaled Ibrahem Mohamed Gad visited the Biotechnology unit of the Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal for hands-on training on “Use of Molecular Markers for wheat aphid resistance, Ug99 and effective yellow and brown rust resistance genes”. Dr. Ratan Tiwari coordinated the programme.

Institute Management Committee (IMC)

June 19, 2013: The XVIII IMC meeting of the Directorate was held under the Chairpersonship of Dr. (Mrs.) Indu Sharma, Project Director, DWR.

Institute Research Committee (IRC) meeting

December 19-20, 2013: The XX IRC meeting was held to review the progress of ongoing in-house research projects. Significant research findings of the last year experiments were presented by the respective principal investigators of the institute. The Project Director Dr. Indu Sharma reviewed the research achievements made under each project and gave critical input for the refinement of the research projects.

Institute Joint Staff Council Meeting

February 22, 2014: Institute Joint Staff Council meeting was organized under the chairpersonship of Dr. Indu Sharma, Project Director, DWR, Karnal.

ICAR/ACIAR Workshop

February 28, 2014: Planning workshop on ACIAR/ICAR wheat molecular breeding Phase II was organized at the Directorate.

Research Advisory Committee (RAC) meeting

March 1, 2014: Meeting of the 18th RAC was held in VS Mathur Hall of the Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. The following members attended the meeting:

1 Dr. PL Gautam, Former Chairperson, Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Authority. Presently: Vice Chancellor Career Point University Hamirpur (HP)

Chairman

2 Dr. RP Dua, ADG (FFC), ICAR, New Delhi Member

3 Dr. VS Rao, Former Director, ARI, Pune Member

4 Dr. SM Bhatnagar, Former In-charge Wheat Programme, RAU, Durgapura

Member

5 Dr. BK Misra, Former PI, Quality, DWR, Karnal Member

6 Shri Ved Pal, Progressive Farmer, Karnal Member

7 Dr. Indu Sharma, Project Director, DWR, Karnal Member

8 Dr. Sewa Ram, Principal Scientist, DWR, Karnal Member Secretary

Dr. JL Karihaloo inaugurating the syposium

Research Advisory Committee with scientific staffEgyptian scientists receiving hands-on training

Dr. NK Singh delivering key note address

wo

rks

ho

ps/c

on

feren

ces

etc

.


Trainings

June 7, 2013: Workshop on “Pathways of Gender Equity led Climate Smart Farming: Learning from the stakeholders” was organized by the DWR, Karnal in collaboration with CCAFs and CIMMYT. Around 50 participants from different stream attended the workshop.

June 13-15, 2013: A training Programme on “Current Trends in Information Management for Agricultural Scientists” was organized by the Directorate for scientific staff by covering detailed operational features about the online software package Project Information Management System of ICAR (PIMS-ICAR). The training was co-ordinated by Dr. Suman Lata.

Training course on information management

Trainees of precision conservation agriculture

Bioinformatics approaches in agriculture

Molecular breeding course

July 15, 2013: A one-day “Sensitization Workshop on Experimental designs” was organized. Dr. Rajender Parsad, Head, Experimental Design Division, IASRI, New Delhi was the external expert and scientists from DWR participated in the workshop.

August 19 – September 8, 2013: “Field Experience Training” of six ARS probationary scientists for a period of 21 days was organized.

August 25-27, 2013: A three days training on "ICAR-CIMMYT Molecular Breeding Course in Wheat" under BMZ project "Increasing the productivity of wheat under the conditions of rising temperature and water scarcity in South Asia" was organized in Crop Improvement Division. Twenty participants from cooperating centres of the BMZ project participated in this training. Dr. Susanne Dreisigacker, CIMMYT-Mexico was the external expert for the training.

October 10-12, 2013: Training programme on “Bioinformatics Approaches in Agriculture” was organized by the Directorate. The training was coordinated by Drs. Ravish Chartath, Pradeep Sharma & Sonia Sheoran.

November 18-21, 2013: Training programme on “Gujarat Rajaya mein Gehoon Ki Vaigyanik Kheti” was organized by the Directorate for 56 farmers of Banaskantha district of Gujarat.

November 30, 2013: Training-cum-visit programme was organized by the Directorate for 42 farmers of Junagarh district of Gujarat state.

November 26-27, 2013: Training programme on “Precision Conservation Agriculture for Improving Wheat Production in South Asia” was jointly organized by DWR-CIMMYT.

January 15, 2014: A one-day meeting on “Brainstorming on Experimental Designs in Wheat & Barley Coordinated Trials” was organized. This meeting was held to deliver upon existing procedure of designs and analysis of coordinated trials and suggest changes if any required vide the recommendations of the 52nd Wheat & Barley Research Workers’ Meet held at Kanpur. The meeting was chaired by Project Director and the expert was Dr. Rajender Parsad, Head, Experimental Design Division, IASRI New Delhi with participants from co-operating centres.

January 26, 2014: Farmers Awareness Campaign on “Latest Wheat and Barley Varieties” was organized at DWR Seed & Research Farm, Hisar for the benefit of local farmers.

wo

rks

ho

ps/c

on

feren

ces

etc

.


January 29-31, 2014: A training course on “Techniques and Procedures in Crop Health Monitoring and Field Evaluation of Host Resistance in Wheat and Barley” was organized for the co-operators of AICW&BIP. A total 23 scientists working on wheat pathology throughout the country participated in the training. They were familiarize with survey and surveillance techniques, disease rating scales, inoculum multiplication, inoculation, epiphytotic creation, and data recording and reporting. A hands-on understanding has been provided to trainees on these techniques. Besides this, they have been educated about remote crop health management techniques and provided remote crop health management kit and softwares.

Dr. Ravish Chatrath from DWR and Dr. Ravinder Malhotra from NDRI were the Convenor. There were 23 participants.

February 26, 2014: One day training programme on “Product making” was organized for 25 farmers of Pune district, Maharashtra.

March 5-7, 2014: A three days training on “Recording of data in coordinated wheat & barley trials and nurseries” was organized. The training was attended by twenty young scientists from cooperating centres across the country.

Wheat and Barley Field-Day

April 4, 2013: The "Wheat and Barley Field-Day" was organized with the objective that scientist from various co-operating centres can make on the spot assessment and selection of the germplasm lines from various national and international nurseries planted at DWR, Karnal. More than 20 scientists from different SAUs and ICAR institutes participated in the field day and around 1000 lines were selected by them. Later on seed material were supplied to them.

Awareness campaign at seed and research farm, Hisar

Trainees of techniques and procedures in crop health monitoring and field evaluation of host resistance in wheat and barley

Participants of wheat and barley field day organised on March 21, 2014

Scientists from co-operating centres doing in-situ selection during field day

February 5-7, 2014: Three days sensitization training on “Statistical Computing with SAS in Agriculture” jointly organized by Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal and NDRI, Karnal Under NAIP project on Strengthening Statistical Computing for NARS.

March 21, 2014: The "Wheat & Barley Field-Day" was organized. A total of 24 scientists from 8 cooperating centres including DWR participated in the field day and carried out selections in various national and international nurseries and trials.

wo

rks

ho

ps/c

on

feren

ces

etc

.


Exhibition organized /participated

September 25, 2013: Organized and participated in exhibition at Kshetriya Kisan Mela at Yamunanagar in collaboration with State Department of Agriculture, Haryana. More than 2000 farmers participated.

September 28, 2013: Participated in the district level Kisan Mela held at Jat College Ground, Kaithal. A large number of farmers visited DWR, Stall. The farmers’ queries were replied.

January 19, 2014: Participated in the exhibition organised by state Department of Agriculture, Haryana during Rajya Stariya Kisan Mela (State Level Farmers’ Fair) held at Government Polytechnic Ground, Jhajjar.

February 01, 2014: Participated in Buffalo Mela held at CIRB, Hisar.

February 5, 2014: Participated in exhibition at Sugarcane Mela at SBI Regional Station, Karnal.

February 9-13, 2014: Participated in exhibition at Krishi Vasant 2014 held at CICR, Nagpur.

February 26-28, 2014: Participated in Pusa Krishi Vigyan Mela by IARI, New Delhi.

February 16-19, 2014: Participated in the exhibition organized during Progressive Punjab Agriculture

Summit-2014 held at Fateh Burj, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur War Memorial, Chappar Chiri, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab.

25-28 February 2014: Participated in exhibition during Rashtriya Dairy Mela in NDRI, Karnal.

March 10, 2014: Participated in exhibition during Rabi Kisan Mela at CSSRI, Karnal.

Awareness programme

January 28, 2014: Farmers’ awareness programme on Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act 2001 (PPV&FRA) was organized at village Kalesar (Yamuna Nagar), Haryana. Dr. RR Hanchinal, Chairperson PPV&FRA as Chief Guest, covered various provisos of PPV&FRA, 2001 in his talk. Dr. Indu Sharma, Project Director, DWR presided the function and urged the farmers to register their unique local landraces and farmers varieties with the authority. Dr. RK Agrawal, Registrar General, PPV&FRA highlighted the Rights of the Farmers in the Act. Experts from the DWR delivered talk on wheat production technologies and IPR issues. The programme was jointly conducted by Dr. Sushila Kundu and Dr. Randhir Singh. More than 150 farmers from adjoining villages of four states attended the programme.

March 14, 2014: One day Farmers' awareness programme on PPV&FRA (Plant Varieties Protection and Farmers Rights Act) related issues was organized

10 EXTENSIoN ACTIVITIES

Dr. S. Ayyappan, DG, ICAR reviewing the DWR stall at CICR, Nagpur

Awareness programme on PPV&FRA at Kalesar

Awareness programme on PPV&FRA at Jhajjar

Dr. SK Datta, DDG(Crops) in DWR stall at CICR, Nagpur

exte

ns

ion

ac

tivit

ies


by the Directorate of Wheat, Karnal at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jhajjar, Haryana.

March 15, 2014: “Training cum awareness programme” for farmers was organized at Chimanpura, Chomu, Jaipur (Raj.) under DWR-ICAR-ICARDA Project (3.6 Barley) in collaboration with SAB Millers.

March 27, 2014: “Training cum awareness programme” for farmers was organized at Gurusar, Bathinda (Punjab) under DWR-ICAR-ICARDA Project (3.6 Barley) in collaboration with UB, Patiala.

Visits Coordinated

Foreign delegates

Date of visit Visitors

01.06.2013 2 Scientists from Egypt

15.07.2013 2 Students from Morrocco

17.08.2013 Tenesa Mc Kiever, Joshua Lagos, Dr SK Singh US Embassy delegation from USAID,

24.10.2013 Dr. RPS Verma from ICARDA, Morrocco

19.10.2013 Andrew Sinclair from ACIAR, Canberra

22.01.2014 BASF Delegation from Brazil, Germany, China, Singapore, Newzealand Japan and India

24.01.2014 Ana Bedmar from Bioversity International

National visitors

No. of visitors Date Place

12 Farmers 04.04.2013 Jabalpur (MP)

15 Farmers 17.04.2013 Bilaspur (HP)

57 Students 18.05.2013 SKAU, Bikaner (Raj.)

85 Students 18.05.2013 G.H. School, Jind (Har.)

15 Farmers 27.05.2013 Rohtak, (Har.)


55 Students 31.05.2013 MS. Sr. Sec. Sch. Kurukshetra, (Har.)

53 ADOs 31.05.2013 HAMETI, Jind, (Har.)

82 Students 01.06.2013 MS. Sr. Sec. Sch. Kurukshetra, (Har.)

21 Trainees 15.06.2013 ICAR Summer school training programme held at CSSRI, Karnal (Hary.)



50 Farmers 23.07.2013 NHRDF, Indore (MP)

50 Farmers 26.07.2013 NHRDF , Chitegurt, Nasik (MS)

23 Farmers 07.08.2013 NDRI, Karnal (Har.)

20 Farmers 05.09.2013 Bharatpur (Raj.)

37 Farmers 09.09.2013 Bhadrak (Odi)

14 Students 22.09.2013 NDRI, Karnal (Har.)

36 Farmers 23.09.2013 Ganjam (Odi.)

94 BSc. Ag. Students 03.10.2013 Agri. Col.& Res. Inst. Madurai (T.N.)

32 12th Biology Students

05.10.2013 Various schools of Karnal (Har.)

82 Students 07.10.2013 Agri. Col.& Res. Inst. Madurai (T.N.)

31 Farmers 09.10.2013 Bharatpur (Raj.)

30 Farmers 18.10.2013 Jhunjhunu (Raj.)

146 Students 21.10.2013 Annamalai Univ. (T.N.)

160 Students 21.10.2013 Annamalai Univ. (T.N.)

105 BSc. Ag. Students 25.10.2013 Annamalai Univ. (T.N.)

52 Farmers (22 Women & 30 Men)

26.10.2013 Dharwad (Kar.)

34 Farmers 26.10.2013 Pratapgarh (UP)

30 Farmers 26.10.2013 Kullu (HP)

19 Trainees 13.11.2013 Center for Agri.& Rural Dev., New Delhi

36 Farmers 16.11.2013 Raigarh (Odi.)

40 Farmers 30.11.2013 Junagarh (Guj.)

22 Farmers 12.12.2013 Bathinda (Pun.)

30 Farmers 19.12.2013 Hanumangarh (Raj.)

47 Farmers 21.12.2013 Godhara, Panchmahal (Guj.)

20 Women Farmers 26.12.2013 Bharatpur (Raj.)

35 Farmers 26.12.2013 Alwar (Raj.)

36 Officers 03.01.2014 Gurgaon (Har.)

50 Farmers 11.01.2014 Godhara, Panchmahal (Guj.)

47 Farmers 31.01.2014 Sikar (Raj.)

28 Farmers 01.02.2014 Jhunjhunu (Raj.)

20 Trainees 05.02.2014 Karnal (Har.)

50 Farmers 16.02.2014 Jalgaon (Mah.)

42 Farmers 01.03.2014 Raipur / Durg (Chhattis.)

20 Trainees 14.03.2014 Hisar (Har.)

13 Farmers 27.03.2014 Uklana,Hisar(Har.)

exte

ns

ion

ac

tivit

ies


Distinguished scientist award

Dr. Gyanendra Singh received the “Distinguished Scientist Award” of Society for Scientific Development in Agriculture & Technology for his outstanding contribution in the field of Plant Breeding. This award was conferred to him during the National Conference on “Emerging problems and recent advances in applied sciences: Basic to molecular approaches” organised by the society on February 8, 2014 at CCS University, Meerut.

Honoured for the development of wheat variety DBW 71

Dr. SK Singh has been honoured during the 52nd All India Wheat and Barley Research Worker’s meet at Kanpur for the development of the wheat variety DBW 71 for irrigated late sown conditions of north western plains zone (NWPZ).

Fellow award of the Indian Society of Weed Science

Dr. RS Chhokar, Sr. Scientist (Agronomy) has been awarded Fellow of Indian Society of Weed Science for 2013 in the biennial conference organized by ISWS at Jabalpur on February 15, 2014.

Fellowship granted

Dr. Sendhil R won the Competitive Travel Grant for Economists from Low Income or Lower-Middle Income Countries (LI-LMI Travel Grant) offered by the Agricultural & Applied Economics Association (AAEA) Trust and has been invited to Minneapolis, US for presenting a paper on “Performance and Relevance of Wheat Futures Market in India - An Exploratory Analysis” during July 27-29, 2014.

Best paper award

Dr. Satyavir Singh, Principal Scientist received best paper presentation award for the paper “Factors Affecting Wheat Yield in Saharanpur District of Western UP” in the National Seminar on “Social Dimensions of Extension Education in Holistic Development of Rural Livelihood” organized by Indian Society of Extension Education at CB Gupt Agriculture PG College, Bakshi Ka Talab, Lucknow, U.P on April 26-27, 2013.

Paper titled “Information retrieval system for yellow rust resistant wheat varieties” by Drs. Suman Lata, MS Saharan, Indu Sharma, Megha Chaudhary, Guneet Kaur and V Shokeen received best paper award during International Conference. on Advances in Engineering

and Technology held at Chandigarh during February 7-8, 2014.

Best poster paper award

Paper titled “Complex GxE interactions and QTL clusters govern end use quality traits in hexaploid wheat” displayed in the poster session by the National Chemical Laboratory, having Directorate of Wheat Research as a key collaborating institute got recognized amongst best posters during the 12th International Wheat Genetic Symposium (IWGS) held at Yokohama, Japan from September 8-14, 2013.

Ms. Apoorva Arora, SRF working with Dr. Ratan Tiwari was selected and recognized across the globe by the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI) to present a research paper “Quantifying stripe rust reaction in wheat using remote sensing based handheld NDVI sensor” in BGRI 2013 Annual International Technical Workshop held at New Delhi from August 19-22, 2013.

Paper titled “Indian wheat rust disease database for decision support system” by Suman Lata, MS Saharan and Y Sharma received best poster award during National Symposium on “Emerging Trends in Agri-Bioinformatics” held at DWR, Karnal During Dec. 16-17, 2013.

Best worker's award

During the foundation day, Dr. RS Chhokar, Dr. Pradeep Sharma, Dr. Sonia Sheoran, Dr. CN Mishra, Dr. K Venkatesh and Sh. OP Gupta in scientific category, Sh. Devmani Bhind and Dr. Shabana Parveen in RA/SRF category, Dr. Mangal Singh in technical officer category, Smt. Jamna Devi in technical category, Smt. Promila Verma in administrative category and Sh. Biru Ram in skilled staff category were bestowed with best workers’ award for the year 2012 -13 on September 9, 2013.

Ph.D.

Dr. Subodh Kumar, Tech. Officer, DWR Regional Station, Shimla has been conferred Ph.D. degree in Plant Pathology by GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pant Nagar for his work "Studies on yellow and brown rust resistance in some Indian wheat cultivar".

Best stall award

The Directorate got Second prize in exhibition organized by SBI Regional Station, Karnal on February 5, 2014.

11 AWArDS AND rECoGNITIoNS

aw

ar

ds

an

d r

ec

og

nit

ion

s


The Directorate awarded first prize in exhibition at Rashtriya Dairy Mela at NDRI, Karnal from February 25-28, 2014.

Recognition

Dr. SK Singh received the certificate of recognition for oral presentations and Co-Chairing Track 1 (Crop Breeding & Genetics) & Track 6 (Tissue Culture & Plant Biotechnology) sessions during 2nd International Conference on Agricultural & Horticultural Sciences at Hyderabad, February 3-5, 2014.

Dr. Randhir Singh was the nodal person from Haryana for Krishi Vasant 2014 at CICR, Nagpur held during February 9-13, 2014.

Sports

Zonal and Inter-Zonal Basket ball champion

Directorate Basket Ball team comprising of Dr. Ratan Tiwari, Dr. RS Chhokar,Dr. Anuj Kumar, Dr. Ramesh Chand, Sh. Vinod Khokhar, Sh. Ram Kumar, Sh. PC Babu, Sh. Om Prakash, Sh. Rajender Sharma and Sh. Bhal Singh won the inter zone championship held at Hyderabad during December 17-20, 2013.

Directorate Basket Ball team comprising of Dr. RS Chhokar, Dr. Anuj Kumar, Dr. Ramesh Chand, Sh. Vinod Khokhar, Sh. Ram Kumar, Sh. PC Babu, Sh. Bhal Singh, Sh. Rajender Kumar and Sh. Desh Raj was winner in the zonal championship held at IIPR, Kanpur March 20-23, 2014.

Other sports

In Cycle race, Sh. Ramu Shah was winner and the Badminton team (Sh. PC Babu, Sh. Yogesh Sharma, Sh. Bhal Singh and Sh. Surender Singh) of Directorate was runner up in the zonal sports meet.

DWR team playing competitive match at Kanpur

DWR team lift the trophy after winning the inter zonal championship

aw

ar

ds

an

d r

ec

og

nit

ion

s


DWR, Karnal

June, 15 2013: Dr. RR Hanchinal, Chairperson along with Dr. RC Agrawal, Registrar General and Dr. Manoj Srivastava, Registrar, Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights’ Authority (PV&FRA), New Delhi visited the Directorate and interacted with scientists on registration of plant varieties.

June 27, 2013: Dr. KD Kokate, DDG (Extension), ICAR visited the Directorate.

July 15, 2013: Prof. Rajender Parsad, Head, Division of Design of Experiments, IASRI, New Delhi visited the Directorate and delivered a lecture on "Issues related to need for reorienting the experimental design".

August 25-27, 2013: Dr. Arun Joshi CIMMYT- Nepal office along with Dr. Susanne Dreisigacker visited the Directorate for "ICAR-CIMMYT Molecular Breeding Course in Wheat".

September 9, 2013: Padma Bhushan Prof. RB Singh, President, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences visited the Directorate as the chief guest for Foundation Day.

October 15, 2013: Padma Bhushan Dr. RS Paroda Former Director General, ICAR and Secretary, DARE, Govt. of India and Currently Chairman, Haryana Farmers’ Commission along with Dr. AK Srivastava, Director, NDRI visited the Directorate as chief guest for Innovator-cum Seed day.

December 16-17, 2013: Dr. JL Karihaloo, Co-ordinator, Asia-Pacific Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology, along with Dr. NK Singh National Professor & BP Pal Chair, NRCPB and Smt. Alpana Dey, Director & Officer- In- Charge (Bioinformatics), Department of Electronics and Information Technology, New Delhi visited the Directorate for National Symposium on “Emerging trends in Agri Bio-informatics”.

August 17, 2013: Dr. Tenesa MC Kiever, Mr. Joshua Lagos and Dr. Santosh Kumar Singh, USAID, US Embassy visited the Directorate.

October 19, 2013: The Directorate coordinated the visit of Dr. Andrew Sindair, ACIAR, Canbera at Taraori.

November 18, 2013: Dr. Shankhyan from PepsiCo visited oat experiment site and interacted with the Scientists.

February 12, 2014: Dr. Ravindra N Chibbar, Professor & Canada Research Chair, Crop Quality (Molecular Biology & Genetics), University of Saskatchewan,

Saskatoon, Canada visited the Directorate and delivered a talk on “Genetic strategies to improve grain quality of cereals to diversify their utilization in food, feed and industrial applications”

January 09, 2013: Dr. Jay Cummins visited the Directorate and discussed on formulation of new projects involving India and Australia

January 29, 2013: Dr. RP Dua, ADG, FFC as Chief Guest during inaugural function of training course on “Techniques and Procedures in Crop Health Monitoring and Field Evaluation of Host Resistance in Wheat and Barley”.

January 31, 2013: Dr. AK Sharma, Director, NBAIM chaired the valedictory function of training course on “Techniques and Procedures in Crop Health Monitoring and Field Evaluation of Host Resistance in Wheat and Barley”.

February 11, 2014: Dr. S. Ayyappan, Secretary DARE and DG, ICAR visited the Directorate.

February 14, 2014: Dr. KD Kokate, DDG (Extension) visited the Directorate and interacted with the scientists.

February 21-22, 2014: Dr. C Mariano Cossani, Associate Scientist – CIMMYT visited DWR and Hisar farm in connection with ARCADIA-CIMMYT-USAID-ICAR Project.

February 28, 2014: Drs. Harbans Bariana, Urmil Bansal, Howard Engles and Richard Trethowan from University of Sydney, Australia visited the Directorate and participated in Planning Workshop on ACIAR/ICAR Wheat Molecular Breeding Phase- II.

March 04, 2014: Dr. NK Tyagi, ex-member ASRB visited the Directorate.

March 07, 2014: Mr. Ranglal Jamuda, IAS, Additional Secretary, Department of Agriculture & Cooperation,

12 DISTINGUISHED VISITorS

dis

tin

gu

ish

ed

vis

ito

rs


New Delhi visited the Directorate and interacted with PD and all the PIs.

March 11, 2014: Dr.Ronnie Coffman, Dr.Vijayraghvan and Mr.Akshat Medakker, members of Sathguru Management, Hyderabad visited the Directorate and had a meeting with all PIs.

March 14, 2014: Dr.RPS Verma from ICARDA (Morocco) visited Hisar farm along with the barley scientists from DWR, Karnal.

DWR Regional Station, Shimla

June 20, 2013: Dr. RP Dua, Assistant Director General (Food and Forage Crops), ICAR, New Delhi visited the station on and discussed the activities, thrusts, vision and initiatives on wheat rust research in India.

June 6-7, 2013: Drs .Khaled Ibrahem Mohamed Gad and Hoda Mostafa-Mostafa El- Gharbawy from Egypt.

July 12, 2013: Prof. HS Dhaliwal, Founder Director/ex-Head of Biotechnology Centre, PAU, Ludhiana, ex-Professor of Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, visiting Professor to many International Universities/Institutions and at present Distinguished Professor Biotechnology-cum-Dean, Akal School of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh visited the Regional Station.

August 16, 2013: Dr. Robert J Bowden, Kansas, USA visited the station and discussed on the areas of mutual interest.

August 17, 2013: Dr. Cristobel Uay, John Inns Centre UK and Dr. Brande Wulff, TSL, UK who are partners

in international collaborative project on stripe rust of wheat visited the centre and discussed the project activities.

August 23, 2013: Post BGRI 2013 Delhi Workshop tour comprising of 45 scientists from 25 countries were at Flowerdale. Prominent among the visitors were Ms. Jeanie Borlaug ( D/o Noble Laureate Dr. Norman Borlaug), Dr. Bob McIntosh (PBI Australia), Dr. Robert Park (PBI Australia), Dr. Dave Hodson, CIMMYT, Ethiopia, Dr. Gordon Cisar, Cornell University, USA and many other dignitaries.

August 24, 2013: Dr. Mahmoud El Solh, DG, ICARDA had an extensive interaction at the station.

August 26, 2013: Dr. Harbans Bariana, PBI, Cobbitty, Australia visited this station.

October 7, 2013: Dr. Indu Sharma, Project Director, DWR, Karnal discussed about the research activities at the station.

Dalang Maidan

Director General (ICAR) visited Regional Station, DWR, Dalang Maidan, Lahaul-Spiti

October 16-17, 2013: Dr. S Ayyappan, Secretary (DARE) and Director General (ICAR) visited and appreciated the role of this station in wheat improvement programme of the country. Dr. Indu Sharma (Project Director, DWR, Karnal); Dr. SP Sharma (Director of Research), CSKHPKV Palampur; Dr. YS Paul (Director of Extension Education), CSKHPKV Palampur and Dr. Vinod Sharma (Project Coordinator), KVK, Bajaura also accompanied the DG (ICAR) during the visit.

Dr. S Ayyappan interacting with scientists at Dalang Maidan Dr. S Ayyappan appreciating Sh. Nand Lal for good work

dis

tin

gu

ish

ed

vis

ito

rs


Outside Country

Name Title Duration

Dr. Satish Kumar Attended training programme on “Molecular Marker Development for Breeding Wheat Rust Resistance” at Cornell University, Ithaca, USA

March 6 - August 3, 2013

Dr. MS Saharan Visited DAFWA, Perth Australia and Univ. of Murdoch, Australia under ICAR-ACIAR collaborative project

May 11 -20, 2013

Drs. Indu Sharma, Ravish Chatrath, Gyanendra Singh, Ratan Tiwari and. MS Saharan

Participated in the 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium at Yokohama, Japan

September 8-14, 2013

Dr. Dinesh Kumar Attended international training on ‘Biochemical and Molecular basis of beta glucan concentration and structure in barley’ at University of Saskatchewan, Canada

September 16 - December 14, 2013

Dr. Vishnu Kumar Participated in the selection of barley material from ICARDA nurseries at Toluca, Mexico

September 17 - 20, 2013

Dr. Pramod Prasad Attended training course on “Standardization of stem rust field notes and germplasm evaluation, with discussions on stripe and leaf rust” at KARI Research Station, Njoro, Kenya

September 22 - October 2, 2013

Drs. RK. Gupta,. Vinod Tiwari,. Ravish Chatrath, RK Sharma, Dr. Randhir Singh, RS Chhokar and CN Mishra

Attended the 4th CSISA (Objective 4) Wheat Breeding – Annual Review and Work Planning meeting and 2nd BMZ – Annual Review and Work Planning meeting at Dhaka, Bangladesh

October 5 - 9, 2013.

Dr. AS Kharub Attended the inception meeting of SIAC project at Bangkok, Thailand January 15-16, 2014

Dr. K Venkatesh Attended the ‘CRP-WHEAT Phase II Extension Period Proposal Writing Workshop’ at Amsterdam, Netherlands

March 5-7, 2014

Drs. Indu Sharma, RK Gupta, R Chatrath, S Kundu, SC Bhardwaj, BS Tyagi, MS Saharan and K Venkatesh

BGRI Technical Workshop & Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security, CIMMYT, Mexico.

March 22-28, 2014

With in Country

Name Title Duration

Dr. SC Bhardwaj DBT task force meeting of the project “Genetic enhancement of wheat and pyramiding rust resistance genes through molecular approaches for northern hills of India”

April 17-18, 2013

Dr. Satyavir Singh National Seminar- on “Social Dimensions of Extension Education in Holistic Development of Rural Livelihood” organized by ISEE, New Delhi at CBG Agriculture PG College, BakshiKaTalab, Lucknow (UP)

April 26-27, 2013

Dr. Satyavir Singh Meeting on “Progress of Wheat FLDs and to Finalize Programme of Wheat FLDs for the year 2013-14” at Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi

April 29, 2013

Drs. Pradeep Sharma and OP Gupta International Consultation on “Molecular Genetics: Science – Technology-Regulation” organized by MS Swaminathan Research foundation, Chennai

April. 29 – May 1, 2013

Dr. Gyanendra Singh ICAR/CIMMYT day meeting at DMR, New Delhi May 5, 2013

Dr. Randhir Singh International conference on “Impact of Technological Tools on Food security under Global Warming Scenario” at Shobhit University Meerut

May 11-12, 2013

Dr. Indu Sharma Meeting regarding finalization of ICAR CIMMYT work plan 2013-17, at Directorate of Maize Research, New Delhi

June 14, 2013

Dr. Indu Sharma Meeting on “Launching of Nutrient Expert TM Decision Support Tools for Maize and Wheat” at NASC Complex, New Delhi

June 20, 2013

Dr. Indu Sharma 4th Executive Council Meeting of BISA at NASC Complex, New Delhi June 21, 2013

Dr. Indu Sharma Executive Development Programme on Leadership Development at NAARM, Hyderabad

June 25-29, 2013

Dr. Satyavir Singh State Level Seminar on “Agro-Ecology and Farmers” at Panchayat Bhawan, Karnal organized by Haryana Vigyan Manch

June 26, 2013

Drs. Indu Sharma and R Sendhil Meeting on Performance Indicators at NCAP July 15, 2013

Dr. Indu Sharma ICAR Foundation Day and Award Ceremony Function at NASC Complex, New Delhi July 16-17, 2013

13 pArTICIpATIoN BY SCIENTISTS IN TrAININGS/ SYMpoSIA/WorKSHopS/ CoNFErENCES/MEETINGS

part

icip

atio

n b

y sc

ien

tists

in t

rain

ings

etc

.


Name Title Duration

Drs. RK Sharma, SC Gill and RS Chhokar Third annual review workshop of NFBSFARA projects at NASC Complex, Pusa, N. Delhi July 22-23, 2013

Drs. Indu Sharma and MS Saharan Brain Storming Session and delivered a presentation on “Strategic Planning for Managing Yellow Rust and Karnal Bunt of Wheat in North Western Plains and Hill Zone of India” at PAU, Ludhiana

July 23, 2013

Dr. AS Kharub Training programme on ‘Management Development Programme’ at NAARM, Hyderabad

July 23-27, 2013

Dr. Indu Sharma Meeting of State Food Security Mission Executive Committee at Civil Secretariat, Punjab, Chandigarh

July 24, 2013

Dr. Indu Sharma 66th Meeting of Central Sub-Committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops held at DMR, PUSA, New Delhi

July 29-30, 2013

Dr. Sushila Kundu XXVII Germplasm Registration Committee Meeting at NBPGR, New Delhi July 31, 2013

Dr. Indu Sharma Board of Management meeting at Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bhagalpur) Aug. 03-05, 2013

Drs. Indu Sharma, RK Gupta, R Chatrath, D Mohan, Sewa Ram, G Singh, Arun Gupta, Sneh Narwal, Anuj Kumar, Vishnu Kumar and OP Gupta

“The pact 50 – A gathering for conversations and existing partnership on food security in South Asia” at NASC, New Delhi

Aug. 16-17, 2013

Dr. MS Saharan 50 Years of International Programs, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (IP CALS) at hotel Radisson, New Delhi

Aug. 17, 2013

Drs. Indu Sharma, V Tiwari, R Chatrath, Sushila Kundu, SC Bhardwaj, G Singh, R Singh, R Tiwari, BS Tyagi, MS Saharan, SK Singh, P Sharma, R Singh, Rekha Malik, S Kumar, CN Mishra, K Venkatesh, Hanif Khan and Pramod Prasad

Participated in the “Borlaug Global Rust Initiative 2013 Technical Workshop” at New Delhi

Aug. 19-22, 2013

Dr. Indu Sharma Meeting on ‘”Gene Deployment in Rust Research-DBT” & “Gene Stewardship-BGRI” at New Delhi

Aug. 23, 2013

Drs. RS Chhokar, Anil Khippal and Sendhil R Participated in the awareness building and sensitization workshop on National Fund for Basic, Strategic and Frontier Application Research in Agriculture (NFBSFARA) at NDRI, Karnal

Sept. 6-7, 2013

Dr. Indu Sharma 449th (emergent) Academic Council meeting of HAU, Hisar Sept. 10, 2013

Dr. Anuj Kumar Attended meeting on FLD with Agriculture Commissioner, DAC, GOI, New Delhi Sept. 17, 2013

Dr. Randhir Singh Scientific Advisory Committee meeting at KVK, Panipat Sept. 17, 2013

Dr. Randhir Singh Stakeholder meeting to facilitate seed delivery and contract farming of barley Sept. 28, 2013

Dr. Indu Sharma Meeting with the DG, ICAR at Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi Oct. 1, 2013

Drs. MS Saharan and Satyavir Singh “Envolving strategies for enhancing wheat production with special reference to management of wheat rust” at Kisan Bhavan, Panchkula, Haryana

Oct. 5, 2013

Drs. Gyanendra Singh, Vishnu Kumar and Vikas Gupta

Short training on “Seed Industry Programme” organised by Cornell University and Sathguru Foundation at Hyderabad

Oct. 7-10, 2013

Dr. SK Singh National Conference on “Agro-Biodiversity Management for Sustainable Rural Development” at NAARM, Hyderabad

Oct. 14-15, 2013

Dr. Indu Sharma Meeting regarding land use planning at New Delhi Oct. 18, 2013

Drs. Indu Sharma and Sewa Ram Attended the conglomerate meeting of Agri-Innovate, ICAR and NAIP at NASC, New Delhi

Oct. 19, 2013

Drs. Indu Sharma and Randhir Singh Strategic meeting to enhance the wheat production in Uttarakhand at Dehradun Oct. 21, 2013

Dr. Sneh Narwal Indraprastha International Conference on Biotechnology at Indraprastha University, New Delhi

Oct. 22-25, 2013

Dr. Satyavir Singh Conference-cum-Exhibition on “Agriculture Capacity Building : A New Paradigm” on the occasion of Global Agri Connect-2013 at IARI, New Delhi

Oct. 25-27, 2013

Dr. Sewa Ram Mid-term RFD review meeting at ICAR, New Delhi Oct. 29, 2013

Dr. Indu Sharma Meeting with the Vice-Chancellor/Director Research/Director Extension and Programme Coordinators of all the KVKs of SVPUA&T, Modipuram (Meerut) for popularisation of latest wheat varieties

Nov. 12, 2013

part

icip

atio

n b

y sc

ien

tists

in t

rain

ings

etc

.


Name Title Duration

Dr.Pradeep Sharma Training programme on “Bioinformatics Approaches in Genomics, Transcriptomics and Proteomics” at NBFGR, Lucknow

Nov. 12-22, 2013

Dr. Indu Sharma 67th meeting of the Central Sub Committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of varieties for Agricultural Crops

Nov. 13, 2013

Dr. Indu Sharma Meeting on “Maintaining Cereal Productivity under Climate Change through International Collaboration” at NASC Complex, Pusa Campus, New Delhi

Nov. 18-20, 2013

Dr. Anuj Kumar Workshop on “Precision Conservation Agriculture for Improving Wheat Production in South Asia” at DWR Karnal

Nov. 26-27, 2013

Dr. Anuj Kumar Attended International Conference on ‘Extension Educational Strategies for sustainable agricultural development: A global perspective’ at UAS Bangalore

Dec. 5-8, 2013

Dr. Indu Sharma Interactive meeting to discuss the collaborative work plan on genomics and plant breeding research in wheat under the Chairmanship of DG, ICAR at Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi

Dec. 12, 2013

Majority of Scientists from DWR National Symposium on “Emerging trends in Agri Bio-informatics” at DWR, Karnal Dec. 16-17, 2013

Dr. Sendhil R National Conference on “Agricultural Marketing” at UAS Dharwad Dec. 18-20, 2013

Dr. Indu Sharma Seminar on “Opportunities for Youth in Agriculture” at MDU, Rohtak and acted as a Convener in Plenary session

Dec. 21, 2013

Dr. Indu Sharma Chaired session in a Conference on “Reorientation of Agricultural Research to Ensure National Food Security” at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar and delivered a lecture on ‘Eco-friendly management of biotic stress in wheat for enhancing sustainable production’

Jan. 07, 2014

Dr. Satyavir Singh Special Scientific Advisory Committee Meeting of KVK Ujha, Panipat. Jan. 09, 2014

Dr. Indu Sharma Annual Conference of Vice-Chancellors of Agricultural Universities and Directors of ICAR Institutes organised at Baramati & Pune, Maharashtra.

Jan. 18-20, 2014

Dr. Sendhil R Twenty one days CAFT programme on ‘Markets, Trade and Institutions for Agricultural Development’ organized by the Division of Agricultural Economics, IARI, New Delhi

Jan. 27-Feb. 16, 2014

Dr. Indu Sharma Foundation Day and Buffalo Mela at CIRB, Hisar Feb. 1, 2014

Dr. SK Singh 2nd International Conference on “Agricultural & Horticultural Sciences” at Hyderabad Feb. 3-5, 2014

Dr.Gyanendra Singh National Conference on “Emerging problems and recent advances in applied sciences: Basic to molecular approaches” at CCS University, Meerut

Feb. 8-9, 2014

Dr. OP Gupta Sensitization Training on “Statistical Computing with SAS in Agriculture” at Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal

Feb. 5-7, 2014

Dr.Raj Pal Meena International Conference on ‘Converging Geospatial Trade & Practices organized by India Geospatial Forum’ at HICC, Hyderabad

Feb. 5-7, 2014

Dr. Ravish Chatrath 4th International Grain Conference at India International Centre, New Delhi Feb. 10, 2014

Dr. Indu Sharma 67th meeting of the Central Sub Committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of varieties for agricultural crops at ICAR, New Delhi

Feb. 14, 2014

Dr. Randhir Singh An expert member to formulate research project on CRP on Dryland Cereals at ICRISAT, Hyderabad

Feb. 14-15, 2014

Dr. Indu Sharma Research for Development (R4D) Summit for Dryland Cereals at ICRISAT, Hyderabad

Feb. 15, 2014

Dr. Indu Sharma 3rd International Plant Phenotyping Symposium at Chennai Feb. 17-18, 2014

Dr. Randhir Singh Expert member of Syllabus Revision Committee for M. F.Sc. and Ph.D. Fishery Extension at CIFE Mumbai

Feb. 20-21, 2014

Dr. SK Singh National Seminar on “Breeding for abiotic stresses”, BAU, Ranchi Feb. 23-24, 2014

Drs. Indu Sharma,.Sewa Ram and R Selvakumar

9th EFC Meeting of DARE/ICAR to consider XII Plan Proposal of DWR Scheme comprising sub-schemes-DWR, AICRP Wheat & barley, VPKAS, IGFRI and AICRP Forage Crops in Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Hall, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi

March 10, 2014

Dr. Sonia Sheoran Training programme on “Computational aspect for NGS data analysis: A Sojourn from lab to field” at Anand Agriculture University, Anand, Gujarat

March 4-13, 2014

Dr. SK Singh International conference on “Crop productivity & sustainability- Shaping the future” at BFGI, Bathinda

March 20-21, 2014

part

icip

atio

n b

y sc

ien

tists

in t

rain

ings

etc

.


Institute’s projects

Project No. Project Title PI Associate/s

DWR/RP/10-1 Multilocational and Multidisciplinary research programme on wheat and barley improvement

Indu Sharma(Project Director)

All PIs and other scientists

DWR/RP/10-2 Germplasm Improvement through pre- breeding

DWR/RP/10-2.1 Utilisation of diverse sources including wild species for introgression of genes for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in wheat

Bhudeva Singh Tyagi S Sareen, Satish Kumar, MS Saharan, Ratan Tiwari, Sewa Ram, Sushila Kundu, Vikas Gupta and Hanif Khan

DWR/RP/10-2.3 Development of doubled haploids in wheat Raj Kumar Satish Kumar, Vikas Gupta

DWR/RP/10-3 Wheat improvement for biotic and abiotic stresses under changing climate scenario

DWR/RP/10-3.1 Wheat improvement for high productive environments in Northern India

Ravish Chatrath Satish KumarMS Saharan, Ratan Tiwari, Sewa Ram and Vikas Gupta

DWR/RP/10-3.2 Wheat Improvement for Eastern and Far Eastern regions of the country.

Gyanendra Singh Charan Singh, DP Singh, Sewa Ram, Rajender Singh, RP Meena and Arun Gupta

DWR/RP/10-3.3 Wheat Improvement for warmer areas of the country SK Singh Bhudeva Singh Tyagi, V Tiwari, RK Gupta, Pradeep Sharma, DP Singh, RS Chhokar, K Venkatesh and CN Mishra

DWR/RP/10-3.4 Improvement of spring wheat through introgression from winter wheat gene pool

V Tiwari CN Mishra, Ratan Tiwari and Lakshmi Kant (Almora)

DWR/ RP/10-4 Maintenance and evaluation of wheat and barley germplasm

S Kundu Arun Gupta, Charan Singh (on study leave), Jogender Singh and Vishnu Kumar

DWR/RP/10-5 Molecular and basic studies for wheat improvement

DWR/RP/10-5.1 Constitution of genotypic group for association mapping studies and molecular characterization of adult plant rust resistance gene(s) in wheat

Ratan Tiwari Rajender Singh, SK Singh and MS Saharan

DWR/RP/10-5.2 Molecular characterization of Indian wheat for assaying stem rust resistance gene(s)

Rekha Malik Hanif Khan, Pramod Prasad and Rajender Kumar

DWR/RP/10-5.3 Molecular characterisation of DREB gene(s) in Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Pradeep Sharma OP Gupta

DWR/RP/10-5.4 Molecular characterisation of stress related genes responding to atriotic stress in wheat

Sonia Sheoran Sneh Narwal and Mamrutha HM

DWR/RP/10-5.5 Development and utilization of TILLING population for important traits of agronomic importance

Rajender Singh Ratan Tiwari and Sonia Sheoran

DWR/RP/10-5.6 Genetic studies on abiotic stress tolerance in wheat Sindhu Sareen BS Tyagi and Pradeep Sharma

DWR/RP/10-6 Improvement of wheat seed multiplication ratio through agronomic, pathological and technology interventions

Raj Kumar Vishnu Kumar, RS Chhokar and Sudheer Kumar

DWR/RP/10-7 Improvement of Barley varieties, protection and production technologies

DWR/RP/10-7.1 Barley improvement for malting quality and resistance to prevalent biotic / abiotic stresses

RPS Verma (Upto May 19,2013)Vishnu Kumar

R Selvakumar, Dinesh Kumar, Jogendra Singh

DWR/RP/10-7.2 Improvement of barley for feed and dual purposes Jogendra Singh R Selvakumar, RPS Verma (on deputation) and Anil Khippal (Nov, 2013)

DWR/RP/10-7.3 Molecular markers assisted improvement of barley for disease, pest and malt quality

Rekha Malik Dinesh Kumar, RPS Verma (on deputation), R Selvakumar and Rajendra Kumar

DWR/RP/10-7.4 Studies on biochemical parameters of grain in relation to the malting quality of barley

Dinesh Kumar Sneh Narwal

DWR/RP/10-7.5 Studies on host pathogen interaction of leaf blight and rust diseases in barley

R Selvakumar OP Gangwar

DWR/RP/10-7.6 Resource management in barley for enhancing productivity and quality

AS Kharub Dinesh Kumar and Anil Khippal (Nov. 2013)

14 rESEArCH proJECTS

res

ea

rc

h p

ro

jec

ts



DWR/RP/10-8 Crop Protection

DWR/RP/10-8.2 Studies on host resistance, epidemiology, variability and eco-friendly management of Karnal bunt and fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogens of wheat in India

MS Saharan Indu Sharma

DWR/RP/10-8.5 (RRS Shimla)

Monitoring variability in wheat and barley rusts and rust resistance in wheat and barley

SC Bhardwaj OP Gangwar, Hanif Khan and Pramod Prasad

DWR/RP/10-9 Resource Management

DWR/RP/10-9.1 Resource conservation agriculture practices for the sustainability of rice-wheat system

RK Sharma SC Gill, RS Chhokar, DP Singh (on deputation) and Anita Meena

DWR/RP/10-9.2 Intensification of rice-wheat system with inclusion of legumes for enhancing the soil and crop productivity

SC Tripathi SC Gill and Raj Pal Meena

0DWR/RP/10-9.3 Effective nutrient management strategies for enhanced productivity and profitability of rice-wheat system

SC Gill RK Sharma, RS Chhokar, Raj Pal Meena and Anita Meena

DWR/RP/10-9.4 Effective weed management strategies in wheat RS Chhokar RK Sharma, SC Gill and Rajender Singh

DWR/RP/10-9.5 Developing strategies for increased water use efficiency in wheat crop

Raj Pal Meena SC Tripathi

DWR/RP/10-10 Quality and basic sciences

DWR/RP/10-10.1 Biochemical and molecular studies for the improvement of processing and nutritional quality of bread and durum wheat

Sewa Ram Bhudeva Singh Tyagi

DWR/RP/10-10.2 Genetic improvement to enrich product quality of bread wheat in Northern India

Devinder Mohan RK Gupta

DWR/RP/10-10.3 Evaluation of elite germplasm lines for quality and molecular components

RK Gupta Devinder Mohan, Sneh Narwal, Sonia Sheoran and Om Prakash Gupta

DWR/RP/10-10.4 Studies on the effect of processing conditions on the antioxidant potential and phenolic compounds of wheat and barley end products

Sneh Narwal RK Gupta

DWR/RP/10-11 Social Science

DWR/RP/10-11.1 Weed management strategies at farmers' field in India Randhir Singh Satyavir Singh and Anuj Kumar

DWR/RP/10-11.2 Factors affecting wheat yield in western U.P. Satyavir Singh Randhir Singh, Anuj Kumar and R Sendhil

DWR/RP/10-11.3 Impact assessment of resource conservation technologies in wheat in Haryana

Anuj Kumar Randhir Singh, Satyavir Singh and R Sendhil

DWR/RP/10-12 Computer Section and information technology

DWR/RP/10-12.1 Study the impact of climatic change on wheat yield through GIS techniques

Suman Lata D Mohan, Ravish Chatrath

DWR/RP/10-12.2 Developing decision support system (DSS) for selecting wheat cultivars based on disease resistance in different agro climatic conditions

Suman Lata Yogesh Sharma

DWR/RP/10-12.3 Developing statistical software and online analysis support to wheat and barley research workers

Ajay Verma -

DWR/RP/10-12.4 Designing and maintaining of wheat and barley database in statistical parameters: e- book

Ajay Verma -

Projects initiated after 2010

DWR/RP/11-1.1 Elucidating the role of endogenous plant substances for ameliorating terminal heat stress in wheat

HM Mamrutha K Venkatesh

DWR/RP/11-1.2 Studies on leaf rust resistance of wheat and utilization of specific Lr genes for varietal improvement

CN Mishra OP Gangwar, R Tiwari

DWR/RP/12-1.1 Estimation of total factor productivity and returns to investment on wheat and barley research

R Sendhil -

DWR/RP/12-1.2 Genetics of resistance and pyramiding of diverse rust resistance in wheat material

Hanif Khan SC Bhardwaj, OP Gangwar and Pramod Prasad

DWR/RP/12-1.3 Race dynamics, epidemiology and genetics of resistance in yellow rust of wheat and barley

Om Prakash Gangwar SC Bhardwaj

res

ea

rc

h p

ro

jec

ts



DWR/RP/12-1.4 Physiological specialization, genetics of rust resistance in black rust of wheat and polymorphism in wheat rust pathogens

Pramod Prasad SC Bhardwaj, OP Gangwar and Hanif Khan

DWR/RP/13-1.1 Conservation agriculture for climate change mitigation and improving the Productivity of various cropping systems

Anil Khippal AS Kharub, RK Sharma, D Kumar, RS Chookar, R Selvakumar, Ashwani Kumar (IARI RS, Karnal)

DWR/RP/13-1.2 Development of core collection of wheat germplasm Arun Gupta S Kundu

DWR/RP/13-1.3 Incorporation of novel gene(s) for resistance to stripe rust,powdery mildew karnal bunt and loose smut in wheat

Satish Kumar Indu Sharma, Vikas Gupta, R Selvakumar

Foreign collaborative projects

S. No. Title of the project Name of sponsoring agency

Name of participating institutions

Name of the PI concerned

Date of start, date of end (if known)

Total outlay

1 Increasing the productivity of the wheat crop under conditions of rising temperatures and water scarcity in South Asia

Die Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ), Germany

DWR Dr. Indu Sharma,

Oct. 2012 - Sept. 2015

Euro 2,86,980/-

2. Wheat improvement for waterlogging, salinity and element toxicities in Australia and India.

ACIAR project DWR NDUAT Faizabad

Dr. Gyanendra Singh

July 2009 - Dec 2013

ACIAR =Aus $ 61, 036 (Rs. 25 Lakh for DWR, Karnal)EFC=Rs. 30. 82 Lakh (DWR: Rs 19.02, NDUA&T: Rs. 11.80)

3 Maximizing the potential for sustainable and durable resistance to the wheat yellow rust pathogen under Sustainable Crop Production for International Development (SCPRID)

John Innes Centre,U.K,. Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, New Delhi

RS, DWR, Shimla, PAU, Ludhiana,

Dr. SC Bhardwaj March 2013 - March 2017

Rs. 46.75 Lac

4. Improving productivity of wheat through enhanced Nitrogen Use Efficiency

CRP-WHEAT (CIMMYT) Main & coordinating Centre: DWR, KarnalCollaborating Centres:NRCPB, New Delhi, IARI, Indore and UAS, Dharwad

Dr. K Venkatesh July 2012 - June 2015

Total allocation: USD 314,000 Total Receipt: USD 144000/-

5 Molecular marker technologies for faster wheat breeding in India

ACIAR Dr. Ravish Chatrath

Feb. 2008 -June 2013Extended till March 2014

Total allocation: USD 45,000Funds meant for institute:AUS $ 430,910

6 Indo-Australian project on root and establishment traits for greater water use efficiency in wheat

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Dr. Ravish Chatrath

2012-2017 Total Allocation: Rs.262.69 lakhs. Funds meant for institute:126.05 lakhs

7 Biofortification of wheat HarvestPlus / IFPRI DWR & IARI Dr. Ravish Chatrath

Aug. 2013 -July 2015

DWR- US$ 1,34,603

lARl- US$ 1,31,638

8 Exploitation of inter-specific biodiversity for wheat improvement

DBT-ICAR-BBSRC-DFID and BMGF joint call under SCRPID

DWR, Karnal and ARI Pune

Dr. Indu Sharma Sept. 2013 - Sept. 2017

209.6 lakhs

9 Global alliance for Improving food scurity nutrition and economical growth for the world most vulnerable poor

ICAR ICARDA CRP 3.6 Dryland Cereals

DWR, Karnal Dr. AS Kharub Oct. 2013 -June 2014

26.35 lakhs

res

ea

rc

h p

ro

jec

ts


S. No. Title of the project Name of sponsoring agency

Name of participating institutions

Name of the PI concerned

Date of start, date of end (if known)

Total outlay

10 High yielding, stress tolerance, good quality wheat varieties for current and future cereal systems in South Asia

CIMMYTCSISA

DWR, KarnalPAU, LudhianaIARI, IndoreUAS, Dharwad

Dr. Ravish Chatrath

Nov. 2009 -Nov. 2014

15.02 lakhs

Projects in network mode

S. No. Title of the project Name of the PI Date of start, date of end (if known)

Total outlay (lakhs)

1 National Project on Transgenics in Crops Dr. Ratan Tiwari Continuing from 2005-06 409.12

2

Seed production in Agricultural Crops and Fisheries under DSR

Dr. Raj Kumar Continuing from 2006-07 135.80

3 Intellectual Property and Technology Management (IP & TM)

Dr. D. Mohan Annual Basis 8.60

4 Crop simulation studies to understand the effect of moisture and terminal stress on growth and yield of wheat

Dr. RK Sharma 3 years under NBSFARA 50.10

Projects funded by other agencies

S.No. Title of the project Name of the funding agency Name of the participating Institutes

Duration Budget (in lakhs)

1 Agri-Bioinformatics Promotion Programme

Department of Information Technology, Ministry of Communication & IT

DWR, Karnal 5 years 182.50

2 DUS project on wheat under central scheme for implementation of PVP legislation

PPV&FRA, New Delhi DWR, KarnalUAS, DharwadCSAUAS&T, Kanpur

Continuing since 2000

9.5 for 2013-14

3 Frontline Demonstration (FLD) DAC, New Delhi Centres of AICW&BIP Annual Basis 30.00

4 Puccinia triticina genomics network on De Novo genome sequencing, fitness, variation and pathogenicity

DBT, New Delhi DWR, FlowerdalePAU, LudhianaTNAU, CoimbatoreIARI regional station Wellington

5 years 74.55

5 Pathogenic and molecular variation among Tilletia indica isolates/monosporidil lines causing Karnal bunt of wheat

DST, Govt. of India DWR, Karnal 3 years 21.80

6 Phenotyping of mapping populations at hot spots and tagging of major QTLs associated with spot blotch resistance in wheat

DBT, New Delhi DWR, KarnalUBKVV, Punibari, Cooch Behar

3 years 70.99

7 DUS project in barley PPV&FRA, New Delhi Project mode Annual basis 17.80

8 Cloning and characterization of genes in response to leaf rust infection in bread wheat

DBT, New Delhi Project mode 24-09-2013 to 23-09-2016

12.39

9 Plan for wheat rust detection and forewarning using combination of spatial level meteorological and satellite remote sensing data

ISRO Project mode 2013-14 4.50

res

ea

rc

h p

ro

jec

ts


Research papers in journals

Ahirwar AD, Niharika Shukla, RS Shukla and SK Singh 2013. Identification of maintainer and restorer lines for development of wheat hybrids. J. Wheat Res. 5(2): 65-68.

Bharat B, Sonu Bharti, A Ojha, M Pandey, SS Gaurav, BS Tyagi and G Singh. 2013. Genetic variability, correlation coefficient and path analysis of some quantitative traits in bread wheat. J. Wheat Res. 5(1): 21-26.

Bhardwaj SC, SK Jain, M Prashar and S Kumar. 2013. A new variant 5R9-7 of Puccinia triticina on emmer and durum wheats in India. Australasian Plant Pathol. 42:525-531.

Bhardwaj SC. 2013. Puccinia-Triticum interaction: an update. Indian Phytopathology 66(1):14-19.

Chadha GK, P Ramasundaram and R Sendhil. 2013. Is third world agricultural R&D slipping into a technological orphanage? Curr. Sci. 105(7): 908-913.

Chhokar RS, RK Sharma and SC Gill. 2013 Compatibility of Dicamba with Clodinafop and Sulfosulfuron against grassy weeds in Wheat. Indian J. Weed Sci. 45(4): 239–242.

Chowdhury AK, G Singh, BS Tyagi, A Ojha, T Dhar and PM Bhattacharya. 2013. Spot blotch disease of wheat – a new thrust area for sustaining productivity. J. Wheat Res. 5(2): 1-11.

Coventry DR, RS Poswal, A Yadav, RK Gupta, BS Duggal, RS Chhokar, AS Riar, SC Gill, V Kumar, A Kumar, RK Sharma, R Chand, Sendhil R, SGL Kleemann and JA Cummins. 2013. Enhancing farm profitability by growing wheat for chapatti quality markets in Haryana, India. African J. Agricultural Research 8(48):6265-6274.

Datta D, M Prashar, SC Bhardwaj, S Singh, S Das and Asihsh Kumar. 2012. Deciphering the genetic basis of stripe rust resistance of exotic winter wheat cultivars and their utilization in pre-breeding. African J. Agricultural Research 7(49):6544-6549.

Goutam U, Prashsti, RK Gupta, A Chaudhury, R Tiwari and S Kukreja. 2013. Physico-chemical analysis of recombinant inbred lines in cross HI977/HD2329 for bread making quality. Annals of Biology 29(2): 241-243.

Goutam U, S Kukreja, R Tiwari, A Chaudhury, RK Gupta, BB Dholakia, and A Kharabian. 2013. Biotechnological approaches for grain quality improvement in wheat: Present status and future possibilities. Aust. J. of Crop Science 7(5): 561.

Gupta A, PK Agrawal, JC Bhatt, S Sood, BM Pandey, Deeksha Joshi, C Chandrashekhar and GS Bisht. 2013. Finger millet variety VL 347. Indian J. of Genet. 73(1):120.

Gupta OP, GC Pandey, RK Gupta, Indu Sharma and R Tiwari. 2013. Comparative behaviour of terminal heat tolerant (WH730) and intolerant (Raj4014) hexaploid wheat genotypes at germination and growth at early stage under varying temperature regimes. Afr. J. Micro. Res. 7(30): 3953-3960.

Gupta OP, P Sharma, RK Gupta, Indu Sharma. 2014. MicroRNA mediated regulation of metal toxicity in plants: Present status and future perspectives. Plant Mol. Biol. 84(1-2): 1-18.

Gupta OP, P Sharma, RK Gupta and Indu Sharma. 2014. Current status on role of miRNAs during plant-fungus interaction. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 85: 1-7.

Jain Neha, Rekha Malik, R Selvakumar, R Kumar, Veena Pande and RPS Verma. 2013. Screening of barley germplasm for leaf blight (Bipolaris sorokiniana) resistance. Ind. J. Agric. Res. 48(1): 51-54.

Jain Neelu, R Yadav, SC Bhardwaj and GP Singh. 2013. Can presence of Lr19 reliably predict agronomic gain in early segregating generations of wheat ? Proc. Indian Natn. Sci. Acad 79 (2):1-6.

Kumar D, V Kumar, RPS Verma, AS Kharub and I Sharma. 2013. Quality parameter requirement and standards for malt barley. Agricultural Reviews 34: 313-317.

Kumar V, RPS Verma, AS Kharub, D Kumar, R Selvakumar and Indu Sharma. 2013. Notification of crop varieties and registration of germplasm, DWRB 91-A malt barley variety. Ind. J. Genet. 73(3): 348.

Malik Rekha, Hemani Sharma, A Verma, Sushila Kundu, Indu Sharma and R Chatrath. 2013. Hierarchical clustering of Indian wheat varieties using morphological diversity assessment. Ind. J. Agric. Res. 47(2): 116-123.

Malik Rekha, R Tiwari, A Arora, P Kumar, Sonia Sheoran, P Sharma, R Singh, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma. 2013. Genotypic characterization of elite Indian wheat genotypes using molecular markers and their pedigree analysis. Aust. J. of Crop Science 7(5):561-567.

Malik Rekha, Shabana Parveen, MS Saharan, R Kumar, AK Sharma, SC Bhardwaj and Indu Sharma. 2013. Characterization of stem rust resistance gene Sr2 in Indian wheat varieties

15 pUBLICATIoNS

pu

bli

cat

ion

s


using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based molecular markers. Afr. J. Biotech. 12(18): 2353-2359.

Meena RP, R Sendhil, SC Tripathi, S Chander, RS Chhokar and RK Sharma. 2013. Hydro-priming of seed improves the water use efficiency, grain yield and net economic return of wheat under different moisture regimes. SAARC J. Agriculture 11(2):149-159.

Mishra CN, K Venkatesh, S Kumar, SK Singh, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma. 2013. Harnessing winter wheat variability for enhancement of yield in spring wheat. Inter. J. of Bio-resource and Stress Management 4(2): 375-377.

Mishra CN, K Venkatesh, S Kumar, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma. 2013. Response to selection for grain and biological yield in early segregating generations of spring x win ter wheat. Annual Wheat Newsletter 59: 26-27.

Mohan D and RK Gupta 2014. Exploring crop morphology to supplement augmentation of wheat flour recovery – An analysis. Canadian J. Plant Breeding 2(1): 44-50.

Mohan D and RK Gupta. 2013. Analysing grain properties of Indian bread-wheat cultivars for defining route to end-product quality and key attributes for selection. Ind. J. Genet. 73(4): 1-8.

Mohan D, RK Gupta and A Verma. 2013. Characterization of popular bread wheat cultivars of India for grain quality and the stable genetic resource. Ind. J. Genet. 73(1): 14-22.

Mohan D, RK Gupta and BS Tyagi. 2013. Meddling wheat germplasm to augment grain protein content and grain yield. Ind. J. Plant. Genet. Resour. 26(3): 202-206.

Mohan D, RK Gupta and Indu Sharma. 2013. Harnessing flour recovery in the Indian wheats. Ind. J. Agric. Sci. 83(7): 781-787.

Narwal Sneh, Vidisha Thakur, Sonia Sheoran, Shashi Dahiya, Sunita Jaswal and RK Gupta. 2014. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of Indian wheat varieties. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 23(1): 11-17.

Pandey B, OP Gupta, DM Pandey, Indu Sharma and P Sharma. 2013. Identification of stress induced new miRNAs and their targets in wheat using computational approach. Plant Signaling and Behavior 8(5): eLocation ID: e23932.

Pandey GC, J Rane, S Sareen, P Siwach, NK Singh and R Tiwari. 2013. Molecular investigations on grain filling rate under terminal heat stress in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Afr. J. Biotech. 12(28): 4439-4445.

Parveen Shabana, MS Saharan, A Verma and Indu Sharma. 2013. Characterization of Tilletia indica isolates and monosporidial lines by using differential hosts and RAPD based PCR Markers. Indian J. Plant Prot. 4(3): 221-229.

Pawar SK, P Kumar, JK Duhan, MS Saharan, Bhardwaj SC, Indu Sharma and R Tiwari. 2013. Characterization of adult plant leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 in Indian wheat genotypes using an STR marker. J. Wheat Res. 5(1): 57-62.

Ram S and Indu Sharma. 2013. Allelic diversity in granule bound starch synthase genes in Indian Wheats and their relationship with starch Pasting Properties. Cereal Res. Communication 41(1): 141-149.

Ram S and Indu Sharma. 2013. Behtar poshak gunvatta ke leye uccha phytase gehoon. Krishika Shaudh 2(1): 66.

Ram S, Minakshi Pathania and BS Tyagi. 2013. Variation in Yellow pigment content in bread wheat, synthetic hexaploids and durum wheats: genetic and environmental effects. Ind. J. Agric. Sci. 83(11): 1189-93.

Selvakumar R, RPS Verma, MS Saharan, SC Bhardwaj, PS Shekhawat, Madhu Meeta, D Singh, R Devlash, SS Karwasra, SK Jain and Indu Sharma. 2013. Identification of resistance sources to barley yellow (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. hordei) in India. Ind. J. Pl. Genet. Resour. 26(2):128-131.

Sendhil R, A Kar, VC Mathur and GK Jha. 2013. Testing the efficiency of Indian wheat futures. Intl. J. Eco. Mgmt. 7(2): 408-430.

Sendhil R, A Kar, VC Mathur and GK Jha. 2013. Price Discovery, Transmission and Volatility: Evidence from Agricultural Commodity Futures. Agric. Eco. Res. Review 26(1): 41-54.

Sendhil R, D Babu, R Kumar and K Srinivas. 2013. How far do egg markets in India conform to the law of one price. Afri. J. Agric. Res. 8(48): 6093-6100.

Sharma H, Sonia Sheoran, Sneh Narwal, Rekha Malik, Indu Sharma and R Chatrath 2014. Computational analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements in 5’ regulatory regions of sucrose transporter gene families in wheat and Arabidopsis. Res. J. Biotech. 9(4): 79-85.

Sharma P, M Saini, OP Gupta, N Gupta, AK Singh, R Selvakumar, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma. 2013. Tracking of cereal cyst nematode resistance genes in wheat using diagnostic markers. J. Wheat Res. 5(1): 51-56.

Sharma P, M Saini, Sonia Sheoran and Indu Sharma. 2013. Molecular analysis of dimeric α-amlylase

pu

bli

cat

ion

s


inhibitor genes in Indian wheat. Ind. J. Biotech. 12: 153-160.

Sharma RK, RS Chhokar, SC Gill, SC Tripathi and Indu Sharma. 2013. Fertilizer best management practices in wheat for higher productivity. Indian J. Fert. 9(4): 70-78.

Sheoran Sonia, Singh V, Rekha Malik, S Kundu, R Tiwari, R Kumar and J Shoran. 2013. Distribution of dwarfing genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b in Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars detected by functional markers. Ind. J. Agric. Sci. 83(8): 820–825.

Singh MK, PK Sharma, BS Tyagi and G Singh. 2013. Heterosis for yield component traits and protein content in bread wheat under normal and heat-stress environment. Cereal Res. Communications 42(1):151-162

Singh MK, PK Sharma, BS Tyagi and G Singh. 2014. Combining ability for yield and protein content in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Ind. J. Agric. Sci. 84(3): 328-336.

Singh R, A Kumar, R Sendhil, S Singh, R Chand, RPS Verma and Indu Sharma. 2014. Weed management strategies in wheat crop in Uttar Pradesh. J. Wheat Res. (Accepted).

Singh R, A Kumar, S Singh and R Chand. 2013. Prospects and problems of malt barley cultivation through contract farming in Rajasthan. J. of Global Communication 6(1): 1-6.

Singh R, BS Hansra, R Singh and R Chand. 2014. Knowledge and adoption level of farmers of Haryana about scientific wheat cultivation practices. Ind. J. Agric. Res. 48(1): 52-56.

Singh S, RK Singh and R Singh. 2013. Enhancing the rice and wheat production by bridging the yield gap in Western Uttar Pradesh of India. J. Wheat Res. 5(2): 26-30.

Singh SK, R Chatrath, V Tiwari, NVPR Ganga Rao, R Kumar, K Venkatesh, CN Mishra, R Tiwari, G Singh, BS Tyagi, P Sharma, S Kumar, C Singh, MS Saharan Indu Sharma and S Kumar. 2014. Notification of a wheat variety DBW 71. Ind. J. Genet. 74(1):122-123.

Singh SK, R Chatrath, V Tiwari, NVPR Ganga Rao, R Kumar, K Venkatesh, CN Mishra, R Tiwari, G Singh, BS Tyagi, P Sharma, S Kumar, C Singh, MS Saharan and Indu Sharma. 2013. DBW 71: A new wheat variety for late sown irrigated conditions of north western plains zone of India. J. Wheat Res. 5(2):72-74.

Toor AK, Bansal UK, SC Bhardwaj, A Badebo and HS Bariana. 2013. Characterization of stem rust resistance in old tetraploid wheat land races

from the Watkins collection. Genet. Resour. and Crop Evol. 60(3):1-9.

Tripathi SC, S Chander and RP Meena. 2013. Effect of early sowing, N levels and seed rates on yield and yield attributes of different wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties. Ind. J. Agronomy 58(1): 63-66.

Tripathi SC. 2013. Lodging in spring wheat- An Overview. J. Wheat Res. 5(1):7-14.

Venkatesh P, R Sendhil and V Sangeetha. 2013. Implications of National Food Security Ordinance (NFSO). Inter. J. Agric. and Food Sci. Tech. 4(6): 627-634.

Verma A, S Ram and S Dalal. 2013. Characterization of a phytase (TaPAPhy_a1.1) gene in an Indian wheat cultivar. Cereal Res. Communication 42(1): 102-110.

Verma RPS, V Kumar, AS Kharub, D Kumar and R Selvakumar. 2013. Widening the malt barley cultivation in north western plains of India. J. Wheat Res. 5(1): 59-62.

Books

Pouchepparadjou A and R Sendhil. 2013. A study on Rice storage in Cauvery Delta in India. Lambert Academic Publishing House, ISBN: 978-3659447532.

Singh R, RK Sharma, G Singh, A Kumar, R Chand, BS Duggal, ML Khurana and Indu Sharma. 2013. Wheat - Micro level strategy for cultivation in Haryana. Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. 155 pp. ISBN 978-93-5126-6.

Book chapters

Chaudhary DP, D Kumar, RPS Verma, Sapna Langyan and Seema Sangwan. 2014. Maize Malting: Retrospect and Prospect. In: Maize: Nutrition Dynamics and Novel Uses (Eds DP Chaudhary et al.), DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-1623-0_11, Springer India.

Gupta A, L Kant, PK Agrawal, V Mahajan. 2013. Underutilized crops of Himalayan region. In: Hill Agriculture: Economics and Sustainability (Eds. Sharma PK and S Dwivedi), New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.

Gupta OP and P Sharma. 2013. Potential role of small RNAs during stress in plants. In: Molecular approaches in Plant Abiotic stress (Eds. Gaur RK and P Sharma). CRC press, Taylor and Francis group, USA: pp 67-89.

Kumar D, AS Kharub, V Kumar and J Singh. 2013. Barley quality as affected by abiotic stresses. In: Technological innovations for shaping future agriculture in salt affected areas (Eds. Chaudhri

pu

bli

cat

ion

s


SK, P Kumar, SK Singh, K Thimmappa and DK Sharma),. CSSRI, Karnal: pp 208-211.

Sheoran Sonia, Mamrutha HM, V Singh and Anita Meena. 2014. Root studies for drought tolerance in wheat. In: Molecular approaches in Plant Abiotic stress (Eds. Gaur RK and P Sharma). CRC press, Taylor and Francis group, USA: pp 266-284.

Tiwari R, Venkatesh K and Sendhil R. 2014. Wheat in Breeding Field Crops 2: Advances. (Ed. VL Chopra ). Studium Press LLC, P.O.Box 722200, Houston-USA. pp 53-66.

Symposia/Conference/Workshop/Training programme papers & Abstracts

Arora A, RK Sharma, MS Saharan, K Venkatesh, N Dilbaghi, Indu Sharma and R Tiwari. 2013. Quantifying stripe rust reactions in wheat using a handheld NDVI remote sensor. Borlaug Global Rust Initiative 2013 Technical Workshop held at New Delhi, Aug. 19–22, 2013.

Bhardwaj SC, H Khan, OP Gangwar and P Prasad. 2013. Dynamics of wheat rust pathogens. 52nd All India Wheat and Barley Research Workers’ meet held at CSAUA&T, Kanpur, Sept. 1-4, 2013.

Bhardwaj SC, OP Gangwar, P Prasad, H Khan and Indu Sharma. 2013. Stripe rust of wheat: an Indian puzzle. Borlaug Global Rust Initiative 2013 Technical Workshop held at New Delhi, Aug. 19–22, 2013.

Bhind D, G Singh, BS Tyagi, MS Saharan, R Selvakumar and Indu Sharma. 2013. Breeding for stripe rust and leaf blight resistance for bread wheat under water stress conditions. Indraprasth International Conference on Biotechnology held at Indraprasth University, New Delhi, Oct. 22-25, 2013.

Chatrath R, A K Joshi, MS Saharan, VS Sohu, GSW Mavi, GP Singh, AN Mishra, SV Sai Prasad, VK Mishra, I Kalapppanavar, R Naik and Indu Sharma. 2014. Poster presented at BGRI Technical Workshop. Cd. Obregon, Sonora, Mexico, March, 22-25, 2014.

Chatrath R, Indu Sharma, SC Misra, SV Sai Prasad, DC Saxena, HM Mamrutha, S Sheoran, OP Tuteja, R Chaudhary, D Rana, TD Katore, R Parashar, S Rich, A Wasson, R Richards, G Rebetzke and M Watt. 2014. In situ study of root and its architecture for increasing for WUE in wheat. 3rd International Plant Phenotyping Symposium held at Chennai, Feb. 17-19, 2014: pp 40.

Chatrath R, MS Saharan, R Tiwari, D Rana, J Kumar, M Kumar, R Chaudhary, OP Tuteja, R Trethowan, U Bansal, H. Bariana and Indu Sharma. 2014. Utilization of Australian

germplasm for enhancing stripe rust resistance in popular Indian wheat cultivars. Borlaug Global Rust Initiative 2014 Technical Workshop held at. Cd. Obregon, Sonora, Mexico, March 22-25, 2014.

Chhokar RS, RK Sharma and Parveen Kumar. 2013. Effect of water quality and spray technology on herbicide efficacy. Training programme on Technological innovations for shaping future agriculture in salt affected areas held at CSSRI, Karnal, June 4-24, 2013: pp 223-230.

Gupta OP, P Sharma, RK Gupta and Indu Sharma. 2013. miRNA mediated defense responses in wheat during stem rust invasion (Oral presentation). National Symposium on Emerging Trends in Agri-Bioinformatics held at Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Dec.. 16-17, 2013.

Kumar A, R Singh, S Singh, R Sendhil. R Chand and JK Pandey. 2013. Impact of resource conservation technologies of wheat in Haryana. International Conference on Extension Education and Strategies for Sustainable Development - A global prospective held at UAS Bangalore, Dec. 5-8, 2013. pp 2641

Kumar R, Rekha Malik, V Kumar, R Selvakumar, D Kumar, J Singh, A Khippal, RPS Verma and AS Kharub. 2013. Developing molecular profiles of Indian barley lines for varietal registration. National Symposium on Emerging Trends in Agri-Bioinformatics held at Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Dec. 16-17, 2013.

Kumar S, CN Mishra, SC Bharadwaj, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma. 2013. Identification of new sources of resistance to wheat rusts. Borlaug Global Rust Initiative 2013 Technical Workshop held at New Delhi, Aug. 19–22, 2013.

Lata Suman, MS Saharan and Y Sharma. 2013. Indian wheat rust disease database for decision support system. National Symposium on Emerging Trends in Agri-Bioinformatics held at DWR, Karnal, Dec. 16-17, 2013.

Lata Suman, MS Saharan, Indu Sharma, Megha Chaudhary, Guneet Kaur and V Shokeen. 2014. Information retrieval system for yellow rust resistant wheat varieties. Presented in International Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology held at Chandigarh, Feb. 7-8, 2014: 155-158.

Malik Rekha, MS Saharan, R Chatrath and Indu Sharma. 2013. Assaying stem rust resistance genes in Indian wheat varieties using molecular markers. Borlaug Global Rust Initiative 2013 Technical Workshop held at New Delhi, Aug. 19–22, 2013.

pu

bli

cat

ion

s


Malik Rekha, R Selvakumar, S Katare, V Kumar, D Kumar, J Singh, A Khippal, R Kumar, RPS Verma and AS Kharub. 2013. Generation of phenotypic and molecular information for disease and insect-pest resistance under ICAR-ICARDA CRP Program. National symposium on Emerging Trends in Agri-Bioinformatics held at Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Dec. 16-17, 2013.

Mamrutha HM, K Venkatesh, D Sharma, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma. 2014. Effect of elevated night temperature during different growth stages of wheat. 3rd International Plant Phenotyping Symposium held at Chennai, Feb. 17-19, 2014: pp65.

Meena ND, OP Gupta, P Sharma, RK Gupta and Indu Sharma. 2014. Effect of multiple abiotic stress (cold, drought and salinity) on miRNAs landscape in wheat genotype C-306. International Conference on Biodiversity, Bioresources and Biotechnology held at Mysore, Jan. 30-31, 2014. p68.

Mishra CN, S Kumar, V Gupta, SK Singh, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma. 2013. Exploring untapped variability for stripe rust resistance in indigenous wheat germplasm. Borlaug Global Rust Initiative 2013 Technical Workshop held at New Delhi, Aug. 19–22, 2013.

Mittal Vandita, Sonia Sheoran, Mamrutha HM, N Singh, Sneh Narwal and Indu Sharma. 2013. In-vitro drought screening studies in Indian wheat genotypes. Indraprastha International Conference on Biotechnology held at New Delhi, Oct. 22-25, 2013: pp145

Narwal Sneh, D Kumar and RPS Verma. 2013. Genetic variability in the antioxidant activity of Indian barley. Indraprasth International Conference on Biotechnology held at Indraprasth University, New Delhi, Oct. 22-25, 2013.

Pandey GC, Mamrutha H.M, Sindhu Sareen, Priyanka Siwach and R Tiwari. 2014. Morpho-Physiological characterization of heat tolerance in Bread Wheat. International Conference on Probing Biosciences for Food security and Environmental safety held at CRRI, Cuttack, Feb. 16-18, 2014.

Parveen, Shabana, MS Saharan, A Verma and Indu Sharma. 2013. Genetic variability studies among Tilletia indica isolates and monosporidial lines. International Conference on Health, Environment, Industrial Biotechnology (BioSangam 2013) held at Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad.

Ram S. 2013. Improvement of industrial and nutritional quality of wheat using molecular approach (Invited Speaker). National

Symposium on Biotechnology: Present Status and Future Prospects held at Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Sci. & Tech., Murthal, March 15-16, 2013.

Saharan M S. 2013. Research Highlights of Crop Protection, 2012-13. 52nd All India Wheat and Barley Research Workers’ meet held at CSAUA&T, Kanpur, Sept. 1-4, 2013.

Saharan MS, AK Sharma, R Selvakumar, M Singh, V Panwar, J Kumar and Indu Sharma. 2013. Identification of slow rusting wheat genotypes for response to stripe rust and leaf rust. Borlaug Global Rust Initiative 2013 Technical Workshop held at New Delhi, August 19–22, 2013.

Saharan MS, R Tiwari, BS Tyagi, V Panwar, R Chatrath and Indu Sharma. 2013. Head blight of wheat in India-variability among Fusarium spp. isolates, resistant sources and genetics of resistance. 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium held at Yokohama, Japan, Sept. 8-14, 2013: 169.

Saharan MS, SC Bhardwaj, R Selvakumar, MM Jindal, SK Rana, R Devlash, D Singh, SS Karwasara, RK Bansal, Deepshikha, MK Pandey, ZA Bhat and Indu Sharma. 2014. Status of stripe rust resistance in popular wheat cultivars in India. Presented in BGRI Technical Workshop 2014 held at Obregon, Mexico, March, 22-25, 2014.

Saini M, SK Singh, P Sharma, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma. 2014. Identification of stem rust resistance genes in elite bread wheat genotypes. International conference on Crop Productivity and Sustainability- Shaping the future held at BFGI, Bathinda, March 20-21, 2014: pp38-39.

Selvakumar R, RPS Verma , MS Saharan, SC Bhardwaj, PS Shekhawat, MM Jindal, D Singh, R Devlash, SS Karwasra, SK Jain and Indu Sharma. 2013. Evaluation of barley genotypes for stripe rust resistence in India. Borlaug Global Rust Initiative 2013 Technical Workshop held at New Delhi, Aug. 19–22, 2013.

Sendhil R, A Kar, VC Mathur, GK Jha and Rashmi Singh. 2013. Is wheat futures market relevant to small scale production system in India? (Oral presentation). 27th National Conference on Agricultural Marketing held at UAS Dharwad, Dec. 18-20, 2013.

Sharma Hemani, Rekha Malik, A Verma, Sushila Kundu, R Kumar and R Chatrath. 2013. Use of Agro-morphological database of Indian wheat for developing core-collections. National Symposium on Emerging Trends in Agri-Bioinformatics held at Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Dec. 16-17, 2013.

pu

bli

cat

ion

s


Sharma Indu and MS Saharan. 2014. Eco-friendly management of wheat diseases for enhanced sustainable production. Souvenir of National Seminar on Reorientation of Agricultural Research to Ensure National Food Security held at CCS HAU, Hisar, Jan. 6-7, 2014: 96.

Sharma P, Sindhu Sareen, BS Tyagi, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma. 2014. Assessment of genetic variation for heat tolerance in synthetic wheat lines using inter simple sequence repeats and phenotypic data. International Conference on Biodiversity, Bioresources and Biotechnology held at Mysore, Jan. 30-31, 2014: p112.

Sharma RK, SC Tripathi, S Chander, RS Chhokar, RP Meena, Anita Meena, A Verma and Indu Sharma. 2013. Highlights of Resource Management Programme 2012-13. 52nd All India Wheat and Barley Research Workers’ meet held at CSAUA&T, Kanpur, Sept. 1-4, 2013.

Sheoran Sonia, Vandita Mittal, Sneh Narwal, Mamrutha HM, BS Tyagi, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma. 2014. Evaluation of physiological traits as index of screening wheat genotypes for drought tolerance. 3rd International Plant Phenotyping Symposium held at Chennai, Feb. 17-19, 2014: pp45.

Singh G, A Ojha, BS Tyagi, Sonia Sheoran, V Singh and Indu Sharma. 2014. Integrating phenotyping activities for spot blotch resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). 3rd International Plant Phenotyping Symposium held at Chennai, Feb. 17-19, 2014.

Singh G, BS Tyagi and Indu Sharma 2013. Germplasm characterization for water logging tolerance in wheat. 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium held at Yokahama, Japan, Sept. 8-14, 2013.

Singh G, MS Saharan, Setter TL, BS Tyagi and Indu Sharma. 2013. Germplasm characterization for water logging tolerance in wheat. 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium held at Yokohama, Japan, Sept. 8-14, 2013: pp 185.

Singh G. 2014. Approaches for mitigating emerging problems of wheat in eastern India. National Conference on Emerging Problems and Recent Advances in Applied Sciences: Basic to molecular Approaches held at CCS University Meerut, February 8-9, 2014.

Singh R, B Pandey, R Chatrath and Indu Sharma. 2013. Analysis of simple sequence repeats dynamics in the genic regions of wheat rust fungi (Puccinia sp.). Borlaug Global Rust Initiative 2013 Technical Workshop held at New Delhi, Aug. 19–22, 2013.

Singh S, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma. 2014. Developing hybrid wheat for yield enhancement under Indian conditions. 2nd International conference on Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences held at Hyderabad, Feb. 03-05, 2014, Vol. 2(4): 159.

Singh S, R Singh, A Kumar, R Sendhil, R Chand, R Singh and Indu Sharma. 2013. Factors affecting wheat yield in Saharanpur District of Western UP. National Seminar on Social Dimensions of Extension Education in Holistic Development of Rural livelihood held at Agriculture college, Bakshi Ka Talab, Lucknow, April 26-27, 2013.

Singh S. 2014. Wheat genetic resources and their exploitation for sustainable food security in India. 2nd International conference on Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences held at Hyderabad, Feb. 03-05, 2014, Vol. 2(4): 101.

Singh SK 2013. Varietal descriptors as specific distinguishing characteristics for Indian wheat database. Training programme on Bioinformatics Approaches in Agriculture held at DWR, Karnal, Oct. 10-12, 2013: pp 42-46.

Singh SK, K Venkatesh, CN Mishra, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma. 2013. Utilization of local wheat biodiversity for sustainable development. Proceedings of the National Conference on Agro-Biodiversity Management for Sustainable Rural Development held at NAARM, Hyderabad, Oct. 14-15, 2013: pp3-4.

Singh SK, SA Desai, RS Shukla, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma. 2014. Wheat improvement strategies for warmer areas of the country. International conference on Crop Productivity and Sustainability- Shaping the future held at BFGI, Bathinda, March 20-21, 2014: pp 5-8.

Singh SK, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma. 2014. Developing bread wheat genotypes for warmer areas of the country. National Seminar on Breeding for abiotic stresses held at BAU, Ranchi, Feb. 23-24, 2014: pp 24.

Tyagi BS, D Bind, G Singh, Sonia Sheoran and Indu Sharma. 2014. Integrating activities and parameters for improving heat tolerance in wheat. 3rd International Plant Phenotyping Symposium held at Chennai, Feb. 17-19, 2014.

Tyagi BS, G Singh, Sindhu Sareen and Indu Sharma. 2013. Pre-breeding for utilizing novel sources to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in wheat. 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium held at Yokahama, Japan, Sept. 8-14, 2013.

Tyagi RK, J Kumar, S Kumar, R Parimalau, VK Manas, A Ray, S Jacob, J Radhamani, K Srinivasan, S.Archak, TV Prasad, M Yadav, Jyotsana Kumari, MS Saharan, Indoo Bhagat, M Meeta, NS Bains,

pu

bli

cat

ion

s


MC Singh, SP Singh, AK Chowdhury, BC Saha, PM Bhattacharya, M Dutta, RK Sharma and KC Bansal. 2013. 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium held at Yokohama, Japan Sept. 8-14, 2013: 173 pp.

Venkatesh K, Kavita Rani, SK Pawar, OP Gupta, Mamrutha HM, J Rane, R Tiwari, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma. 2014. Suitability of NDVI and SPAD sensors to asses genetic diversity for nitrogen use efficiency in Indian wheat cultivars and land races. 3rd International Plant Phenotyping Symposium held at Chennai, Feb. 17-19, 2014: pp62.

Compilations in Reports/Newsletters

Chhokar RS, A Kumar, Sharma RK, R Singh and SC Rana. 2013. Sansadhan Sanrankshan sanrakshan praudhyogikiyon Apnakar adhik Uttpadan va labh lein. In: Gehun evam Jau Swarnima Issue No. V (Eds. Kumar A, RP Meena, CN Mishra, V Kumar, OP Gupta and R Kumar), Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal: 117-122.

Chhokar RS, Sharma RK, A Kumar and R Singh. 2013. Dhan ki sidhi buai ke liye unnat Vidhiyan. In: Gehun evam Jau Swarnima Issue No. V (Eds. Kumar A, RP Meena, CN Mishra, V Kumar, OP Gupta and R Kumar), Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal: 123-128.

Chhokar RS, RK Sharma, Rajbir Garg and Indu Sharma. 2013. Metsulfuron resistance in Rumex dentatus. Wheat & Barley Newsletter 7(2): 11.

Chhokar RS, RK Sharma, RK Singh, SC Gill and Indu Sharma. 2013. Management of multiple herbicide resistant Phalaris minor in wheat. Wheat & Barley Newsletter 7(2): 11.

Chhokar RS, RK Sharma, SC Gill, RP Meena and Suman Lata. 2013. Pyroxsulam controls broad spectrum weeds in wheat. Wheat & Barley Newsletter 7(2): 4.

Chhokar RS, SC Rana, RK Sharma and Indu Sharma. 2013. Enhancing the profitability through relay cropping of muskmelon in wheat in rice-wheat system. Wheat & Barley Newsletter 7(1): 10-11.

Chhokar RS, SK Singh, RK Sharma and Indu Sharma. 2013. Herbicide tolerant CMS lines. Wheat & Barley Newsletter 7(1): 12.

Gupta A, BS Tyagi, Sushila Kundu and V Tiwari. 2013. New Germplasm from International Nurseries and Trials. In: Progress Report of All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley Improvement Project 2012-13. Vol. V. Genetic Resources. (Eds. Kundu Sushila, A Gupta, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma), Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, India: 33-37.

Gupta A, Sushila Kundu, C Singh, G Singh, BS Tyagi and V Tiwari 2013. Evaluation and Utilization of Elite International Germplasm Nurseries. In: Progress Report of All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley Improvement Project 2012-13. Vol. V. Genetic Resources. (Eds. Kundu Sushila, A Gupta, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma), Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal: 24-26.

Gupta RK, Anju M Singh, D Mohan and A Ahlawat. 2013. Quality Component Screening Nursery. In: Progress report of All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley Improvement Project 2012-13, Vol. V. Genetic Resources (Eds. Kundu Sushila, Arun Gupta, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma), Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal: 42-44.

Kharub AS, V Kumar, D Kumar, J Singh and R Selvakumar. 2013. Dii-uddashiya jau : Mahatavya evam kisme. (in Hindi). Gehun Evam Jau Sandesh 1: 1.

Kumar D, AS Kharub, J Singh and V Kumar. 2013. Barley and oats for better health. Wheat & Barley Newsletter 7(2):7

Kumar V, D Kumar, A Kumar, M lal, J Singh, R Selvakumar and AS Kharub. 2013. DWRB 91: Malt jau ki nayi prajati (in Hindi). Gehun Evam Jau Sandesh 1: 1.

Kundu Sushila, A Gupta, V Kumar, R Singh and V Tiwari 2013. Promising accessions for yield componenents in wheat germplasm collections. In: Progress Report of All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley Improvement Project 2012-13. Vol. V. Genetic Resources. (Eds. Kundu Sushila, A Gupta, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma), Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal: 30-32.

Kundu Sushila, A Gupta, G Singh, BS Tyagi and Indu Sharma. 2013. Wheat varieties released in India during 1993-2013. In: Souvenir of 52nd All India Wheat and Barley Research Workers’ Meet. CSAUA&T, Kanpur, September 1-4, 2013: 26-33.

Kundu Sushila, Sunita Jaswal and V Kumar 2013. Evaluation of Wheat Germplasm for bread quality. Wheat & Barley Newsletter 7(1): 9.

Mamrutha HM, K Venkatesh, GC Pandey and A Verma 2013. Early establishment traits and heat tolerance in wheat. Wheat & Barley Newsletter 7(1):5.

Meena RP, RS Chhokar, A Gupta, CN Mishra and R Singh. 2013. Broad leaf weeds of Lahaul valley and their management. Wheat Summer Nursery e-newsletter 2(1): 4

Mishra CN, K Venkatesh, V Gupta, S Kumar and V Tiwari. 2013. Utilizing off-season nursery Dalang Maidan for enhancing selection efficiency in winter x spring progenies Wheat Summer Nursery e-newsletter 2(1): 3

pu

bli

cat

ion

s


Mittal Vandita, Sonia Sheoran and Mamrutha HM. 2013. Study of root and shoot architecture in genotypes under osmotic wheat stress. Wheat & Barley Newsletter 7(1):5-6.

Mohan D and Gupta RK. 2013. Influence of phenology on grain and end-product quality of bread wheat. Wheat & Barley Newsletter 7(1): 6-7.

Ojha A, G Singh, BS Tyagi, C Singh, MS Saharan and Indu Sharma. 2013. Ghehun ka Parn Jhulsha Rog evam Uska Samekeit Prabandhan: Ek Avlokan. Gehun or Jau Sandhesh 2(1):4-5.

Sareen S, HM Mamrutha, OP Dhillon and V Tiwari. 2013. Drought and Heat tolerance screening nursery. In: Progress report of All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley Improvement Project 2011-12, Vol. V. Genetic Resources (Eds. Kundu S, A Gupta, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma) Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal: 17 -22.

Sharma Indu, G Singh, BS Tyagi and RK Sharma. 2013. Wheat improvement in India-Achievements and future challenges. In: Souvenir of the 52nd All India Wheat & Barley Research Workers’ Meet. CSAUA&T, Kanpur, September 1-4, 2013: 8-20.

Sharma RK, RS Chhokar, A Kumar and R Singh. 2013. Dhan- Gehoon Phasal Chakra Mein Zero taknique: Punravalokan Evam Sambhanayien. In: Gehun evam Jau Swarnima Issue No. V (Eds Kumar A, RP Meena, CN Mishra, V Kumar, OP Gupta and R Kumar), Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal: 1-11.

Sharma RK, RS Chhokar, RK Singh, SK Gauri and V Kumar. 2013. Comparative performance of Pocket Sensor and Handheld GreenSeeker in wheat crop monitoring. Wheat & Barley Newsletter 7(2): 5.

Singh G, BS Tyagi, A Gupta and Indu Sharma. 2013. Enriching wheat breeding in Eastern India by sharing diverse germplasm. In: Progress Report of All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley Improvement Project 2012-13. Vol. V. Genetic Resources. (Eds. Kundu Sushila, A Gupta, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma), Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal: pp 27-29.

Singh G, Sonia Sheoran, V Singh, A Ojha, AK Chowdhury, BS Tyagi and Indu Sharma. 2013. Phenotyping of recombinant inbred lines for HLB resistance in wheat. Wheat & Barley Newsletter 7(1): 9-10.

Singh SK, K Venkatesh, CN Mishra, R Kumar, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma. 2013. DBW 71: A new wheat variety for late sown conditions of north western India. Wheat & Barley Newsletter 7(1): 3-4.

Singh SK, S Kumar, M Saini, K Venkatesh and V Tiwari. 2013. Development of yield component lines in bread wheat. Wheat & Barley Newsletter 7(1): 8.

Tiwari R, J Rane, NK Singh, S Sareen, R Singh, V Tiwari and I Sharma. 2013. New Initiatives: Temperature controlled phenotyping facility for developing wheat varieties under changing climate. ICAR News 19(2). pp4

Tiwari V, L Kant, CN Mishra and K Venkatesh 2013. Spring x winter wheat hybridization. In: Progress report of All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley Improvement Project 2012-13, Vol. V. Genetic Resources (Eds. Kundu Sushila, Arun Gupta, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma), Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal: 53-54.

Tyagi BS, Sindhu Sareen, G Singh, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma. 2013. Pre-breeding for biotic and abiotic stresses in wheat. In: Progress report of All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley Improvement Project 2012-13, Vol. V. Genetic Resources (Eds. Kundu Sushila, Arun Gupta, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma), Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal: 57-63.

Research/ Extension bulletins/ Leaflets/ Manuals and NewsletterDreisigacker S, R Tiwari and Sonia Sheoran. 2013.

Laboratory Manual on ICAR-CIMMYT molecular breeding course in wheat. Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. 36 pp.

Gangwar OP, SC Bhardwaj, H Khan, P Prasad, SB Singh and S Kumar. 2013. Bharat mein gehun ke ratua rog sathiti evam niyantrann ranniti (Hindi). Directorate of Wheat Research Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla. Research Bulletin No. 6:31pp.

Gupta RK, D Mohan, S Ram, Sneh Narwal, Sunita Jaswal, Sonia Sheoran, A Kumar and Indu Sharma. 2014. Bharat mein gehoon ki gunwata ke mandund. (Hindi). DWR, Karnal. Extension Bulletin No. 47: 6 pp

Jain SK, L Kant, M S Saharan, JC Bhatt and Indu Sharma. 2014. Gehoon Ka Pila Ratua evam Roktham. Extension card No. 48: 2pp

Jat ML, Kapil, BR Kamboj, HS Sidhu, Mt Singh, A Bana, D Bishnoi, M Gathala, YS Saharawat, V Kumar, A Kumar, HS Jat, RK Jat, PC Sharma, RK Sharma, Rr Singh, TB Sapkota, RK Malik and R Gupta. 2013. Operational manual for Turbo Happy Seeder-Technology for managing crop residues with environmental stewardship. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India. 28 pp.

Kumar A and R Tiwari. 2013. Gehoon Anusandhan Nideshalaya: EkParichaya. Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, India. 8 pp

Kumar A, R Singh, AS Kharub, S Singh, V Kumar, R. Selvakumar, R Chand and Indu Sharma.

pu

bli

cat

ion

s


2014. Bharat mein jau ki unnat kheti (Hindi). Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. Extension Bull. No.49: 28pp.

Kumar A, R Singh, S Singh, RS Chhokar, MS Saharan, R Chand, JK Pandey and Indu Sharma. 2013. Uttar Pashchimi Maidani Kshetaro Mein Aadhunik Tarike Se Gehoon Ki Kheti (Hindi), Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. Extension Bull. No. 41: 6 pp.

Kumar A, RSingh, RPS Verma, R Chand, R Singh, JK Pandey and Indu Sharma. 2013. Jau ki nayi kisme (Hindi). Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. Extension Bull. No .43 (Revised): 2 pp

Kumar V, AS Kharub, D Kumar, J Singh, R Selvakumar and Indu Sharma. 2013. Recent malt barley varieties and management practices for north western plains of India. Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. Extension Folder No. 44:2 pp

Kundu S, A Gupta, C Singh, CB Singh, V Tiwari and Indu Sharma. 2013. Wheat Germplasm Catalogue-V. Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. Research Bulletin No. 31: 101 pp.

Majumdar K, T Satyanarayana, M Pampolino, S Dutta, ML Jat, RK Sharma, G Sulewski and AM Johnston. 2013. Nutrient Expert® for wheat (Version 1.0): User manual for South Asia. A decision support tool for providing field specific fertiliser recommendations for wheat. International Plant Nutrition Institute, Gurgaon: 40 pp.

Saharan MS, R Selvakumar and Indu Sharma. 2013. Wheat Crop Health Newsletter. 18(5): 5pp.

Saharan MS, R Selvakumar and Indu Sharma. 2013. Wheat Crop Health Newsletter. 19(1): 5pp.

Saharan MS, R Selvakumar and Indu Sharma. 2014. Wheat Crop Health Newsletter. 19(2): 4 pp.

Saharan MS, S Kumar, R Selvakumar and Indu Sharma. 2014. Wheat Crop Health Newsletter. 19(3): 6 pp.

Sharma Indu, Saharan MS and Bhardwaj SC. 2013. Stripe rust status and management in India. Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. Technical Bulletin No. 14: 20 pp.

Sharma Indu, MS Saharan and R Singh. 2013. Gehoon Ka Pila Ratua avem Roktham. Extension card No. 46: 2pp

Sharma P, S Sheoran, R Chatrath and Indu Sharma. 2013. Training manual on Bioinformatics Approaches in Agriculture. Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. 43 pp.

Singh R, A Kumar, RK Gupta, RK Sharma, MS Saharan, RS Chokkar, S Chandra, SK Singh, R Chand and Indu Sharma. 2014. Bharat mein gehoon ki unnat kheti (Hindi). Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. Extension Bull. No. 48: pp 44.

Singh R, A Kumar, S Singh, R Chand, JK Pandey and Indu Sharma. 2013. Gehoon ki nayi kisme (Hindi). Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. Extension Bull. No.42 (Revised). 2 pp

Singh R, RP Meena, CN Mishra and Indu Shrma. 2013. Wheat Summer Nursery e-newsletter. 2(1): 8pp

Popular articles Kumar A, Singh R and RS Chhokar. 2014. Gehoon

ki paidawar me in sansadhan sanrakshan praudhyogikiyon ka yogdan. MAC Krishi Jagran 19(1): 52-56.

Narwal Sneh, D Kumar and RPS Verma. 2013. Barley: A nutritionally rich cereal with health benefits. Indian Farming 63(5):10-13.

Narwal Sneh, D Kumar and RPS Verma. 2013. Poshak tatavo ka Bhandar: Jau. Kheti 66(11): 36-38.

Pandey JK, A Kumar, R Singh and R Chand. 2014. Shunya jutai se sansadhan sanrakshan (in Hindi). Kheti 66: 90-92.

Sharma Indu, A Kumar and CN Mishra. 2013. Gehun Anusandhan me Kirtiman. Kheti 66(4): 8-10.

Sharma Indu, D Mohan and RK Gupta. 2013. Wheat symphony in sustaining food and nutritional security. Ind. Farm. 63(7):22-24.

Sharma Indu, R Chatrath and R Sendhil. 2013. Challenges, target and strategies for sustainable wheat production for food security and nutrition. Ind. Farm. 63(8): 3-6, 17.

Sharma Indu, R Sendhil and R Singh. 2013. India’s food production towards 2050 - Challenges, opportunities and strategies. Agriculture Today 146-151.

Singh R, A Kumar, JK Pandey and R Chand. 2013. Uttar Pashchimi Maidani Kshetaro Mein Gehoon uttpadan ki Navintam Taknique (in Hindi). Gehun evam Jau Sandesh 2(1):2-4.

Venkatesh K, OP Gupta, GN Mukri, AK Das and NR Nagaraja. 2013. Celiac disease and wheat. Agrobios Newsletter, XII(3):79-80.

Venkatesh K, OP Gupta, GN Mukri, AK Das and NR Nagaraja. 2013. Regulatory mechanisms in commercialization of transgenic crops. Agrobios Newsletter, XII(2):72-73.

Venkatesh K, OP Gupta, SK Singh, GN Mukri, AK Das and NR Nagaraja. 2013. Marker assisted back cross breeding: application in wheat improvement. Agrobios Newsletter XII(4):77-78.

E-publications

Bhushan A, K Venkatesh, SK Singh, K Rao and Kalyani Kumari. 2013. Gehoon mein katai uparant prabandhan evam bhandaran. http://

pu

bli

cat

ion

s


krishisewa.com/cms/articles/pht/241-wheat-phms.html.

Gupta OP, K Venkatesh, RK Gupta, I Sharma. 2013. Prolonged storage impairs the industrial quality of wheat: Measures to control it. http://www.krishisewa.com/cms/articles/pht/227-wheat storage. html

Gupta OP, P Sharma, RK Gupta. 2013. Effect of processing on nutritional value of various end products of wheat. http://www.krishisewa.com/cms/articles/pht/304-wheat-processing.html

Gupta V. 2014. Molecular markers and their utilization in Plant Breeding. http://www.biotecharticles.com/Biotech-Research-Article/Molecular-Markers-and-their-Utilization-in-Plant-Breeding-3186.html

Kumar V, RPS Verma, AS Kharub, Dinesh Kumar and R Selvakumar. 2013. DWRB 91: New late sown malt barley variety for NWPZ. www.krishisewa.com/cms/varieties/...varieties/298-malt-barley-variety.html.

KumarV, AS Kharub and D Kumar. 2013. New varieties of feed barley for northern plains and hills with management practices. http://www.krishisewa.com/cms/varieties/cereal-varieties/301-feed-barley.html

Narwal Sneh, Sunita Jaswal, Sonia Sheoran and RK Gupta. 2013. Quality standards of Indian wheat. http://www.krishisewa.com/cms/ articles/ production-technology/ 347-wheat-quality-standards.html

Pawar Sushma K, Kavita Rani, PK Singh, Mamrutha HM, SK Singh, K Venkatesh. 2014. Paramparik prathaon dwara gharelu star par uplabdha phasal utpadon ka paryavaran ke anukool anaaj bhandaran mein upyog. http://krishisewa.com/ cms/articles /pht/370-grain-storage.html.

Rani Kavita, Sushma K Pawar, Mamrutha HM, SK Singh, CN Mishra, V Tiwari, K Venkatesh. 2013. House-hold practices for safe and economic storage of food grains using locally available plant products. http://www. krishisewa.com/ cms/articles /pht/329-foodgrain-storage.html

Venkatesh K, SK Singh, HM Mamrutha, V Tiwari, OP Gupta and Indu Sharma 2013. Best management practices for safe and economic use of nitrogenous fertilisers. http://www.krishisewa.com/cms/articles/soil-fertility/267-managing-n-fertilizers.html.

Progress reports /Annual Reports

Anonymous. 2013. DWR Annual Report 2011-12 (Hindi). (Eds. Sharma RK, BS Tyagi, MS Saharan, A Kumar and Indu Sharma), Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, India. 114pp.

Anonymous. 2013. DWR Annual Report 2012-13. (Eds. Gupta A, A Verma, RS Chhokar, Sonia Sheoran,

R Sendhil and Indu Sharma), Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, India. 112 pp.

Anonymous. 2013. Progress report of the All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley Improvement Project 2012-13. Barley Network Vol. VI. (Eds., Kharub AS, V Kumar, D Kumar, R Selvakumar, J Singh, A Khippal, S Singh, R Singh, R Malik, A Verma, RPS Verma and Indu Sharma). Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. 327 pp.

Anonymous. 2013. Progress report of All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley Improvement Project. Project Director’s Report. (Ed. Sharma Indu), Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. 104 pp.

Anonymous. 2013. Progress Report of All India Coordinated Wheat & Barley Improvement Project, 2012-13, Resource Management. Vol. II. (Eds.; Sharma RK, SC Tripathi, Subhash Chander, RS Chhokar, RP Meena, Anita Meena, Ajay Verma and Indu Sharma). Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. 205 pp.

Anonymous. 2013. Progress report of the All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley Improvement Project 2012-13. Crop Improvement. Vol. I. (Eds. Tiwari V, R Chatrath, G Singh, BS Tyagi, S Sareen, R Kumar, SK Singh, S Kumar, CN Mishra, K Venkatesh, V Gupta and I Sharma). Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. 307 pp.

Anonymous. 2013. Progress report of the All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley Improvement Project 2012-13. Genetic Resources Vol. V. (Eds. Kundu Sushila, Arun Gupta, Vinod Tiwari and Indu Sharma). Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. 68 pp.

Anonymous. 2013. Progress report of the All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley Improvement Project 2012-13. Wheat Quality. Vol. IV (Eds. Gupta RK, Mohan D, Ram S, Narwal S, OP Gupta and Indu Sharma). Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. 226 pp.

Anonymous. 2013. Progress Report of the All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley Improvement Project 2012-13. Crop Protection Vol. III. (Eds. Saharan MS, R Selvakumar and Indu Sharma). Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. 252 pp.

Anonymous. 2013. Progress report of the All India Coordinated Wheat & Barley Improvement Project 2012-13. Vol VII. Social Sciences. (Eds. Singh R, S Singh, A Kumar, R Sendhil and Indu Sharma). Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, India. 52 pp.

Anonymous. 2013. Souvenir of the 52nd All India Wheat & Barley Research Workers’ Meet (Eds. Tiwari LP, HG Prakash, NB Singh, RK Sharma, DP Singh, G Singh, RK Pandey, A Gupta, PK Gupta and RS Chhokar). CSAUA&T, Kanpur 54 pp.

pu

bli

cat

ion

s


16 fgUnh dk;ZØeksa ij fooj.k

o"kZ 2013&14 ds nkSjku funs'kky; ds fgUnh vuqHkkx

}kjk fofHkUu dk;Zdze vk;ksftr fd;s x;s rFkk

jktHkk"kk izpkj&izlkj ds fy, fu/kkZfjr y{;ksa dh

izkfIr ds fy, gj lEHko iz;kl fd;k x;kA vuqHkkx

dh dqN izeq[k xfrfofèk;ksa dk laf{kIr fooj.k uhps

fn;k tk jgk gSA

• bl funs'kky; dh jkTkHkk"kk dk;ZkUo;u lfefr

dh pkj frekgh cSBdsa (16-04-2013] 31-07-2013]

14-11-2013 rFkk 18-01-2014) dks vk;ksftr dh xbZ]

ftuesa funs'kky; }kjk jktHkk"kk fgUnh dh izxfr

ij ppkZ dh xbZA funs'kky; dh dk;ZkUo;u lfefr

}kjk lq>k, x;s vf/kdre eqn~nksa ij izxfr ljkguh;

jghaA

• funs'kky; esa fgUnh i[kokM+k dk vk;kstu 16&30

flracj] 2013 dks fd;k x;k]ftlesa funs'kky;

ds lHkh vf/kdkfj;ksa@deZpkfj;ksa us Hkkx fy;kA

bl nkSjku lHkh oxZ ds vf/kdkfj;ksa@deZpkfj;ksa

ds fy, xsgw¡ vuqla/kku funs'kky;] djuky esa

izfr;ksfxrkvksa dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k rFkk fotsrkvksa

dks fgUnh i[kokM+k ds lekiu lekjksg (27-9-2013)

ds volj ij ifj;kstuk funs'kd] MkW- bUnq 'kekZ

}kjk lEekfur fd;k x;kA

• xsg¡w ,oa tkS Lof.kZek dk ikapok¡ vad tks ßlalk/ku

laj{k.k rduhd }kjk Qly mRiknuÞ fo"k; ij

vkèkkfjr gS dk izdk'ku fd;k tk pqdk gSA

• izR;sd frekgh dh fjiksVZ le;c¼ ,oa fu;fer #i

ls Hkkjrh;ÑÏf"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn] Ïf"k Hkou] ubZ

fnYyh dks Hksth x;hA

• xsgw¡ ,oa tkS lans'k dk izdk'ku fu;fer #i ls fd;k

tk pqdk gSA

ujkdkl cSBdksa dk vk;kstu

• ujkdkl] djuky dh leh{kk cSBd 26-06-2013 dks

jk"Vªh; Msjh vuqla/kku laLFkku esa laiUu gqbZ ftlesa

MkW- vuqt dqekj us Hkkx fy;k rFkk 17-12-2013 dks

dsUnzh; e`nk yo.krk laLFkku djuky esa vk;ksftr

gqbZ ftlesa MkW- vkj ds xqIrk us Hkkx fy;kA

dk;Z'kkyk dk vk;kstu

• 24-09-2013 dks ß[kqyk eapÞ dk;Z'kkyk esa ßvlqfj{kr

efgyk,a vlqjf{kr lekt % dkj.k ,oa fuokj.kÞ dk

vk;kstu fd;k x;kA

• 28-12-2013 dks ,d dk;Z'kkyk ,oa dkO; laxks"Bh dk

vk;kstu fd;k x;kA

fgUn

h d

k;ZØ

eksa

ij

fooj

.k

fgUnh i[kokM+k fgUnh dk;Z'kkyk ,oa dkO; laxks"Bh

103DWR Annual Report 2013-14 fgUn

h d

k;ZØ

eksa

ij

fooj

.k

Js.kh@oxZ izzfr;ksfxrk dk uke iqjLdkj fotsrk

dqq'ky lgk;d

deZpkjh

lqys[k

fnukad % 17-09-2013izFke iqjLdkj

f}rh; iqjLdkj

r`rh; iqjLdkj

izksRlkgu iqjLdkj

Jh gfjUnz dqekj

Jh ch# jke

Jh veu dqekj

Jh jkew‘'kkg

Jh uUnu flagizz'kklfud Jqrys[k


f}rh; iqjLdkj

r`rh; iqjLdkj

izksRlkgu iqjLdkj

Jh lquhy dqekj

Jh Ï".k iky

Jherh Kku vustk

rduhdh Hkk"k.k


f}rh; iqjLdkj

r`rh; iqjLdkj

izksRlkgu iqjLdkj

Jh lqfurk tloky

MkW vkseizdk'k f<Yyksa

Jh ts ds ik.Ms;

Jh ih pUnzckcw'kks/k lgk;d dforkikB


f}rh; iqjLdkj

r`rh; iqjLdkj

izksRlkgu iqjLdkj

Jh iadt dqekj flag

Jherh jsuw 'kekZ

lqJh Hkkjrh ik.Ms;

Jh Ï".k dqekjlHkh oxZ vark{kjh


f}rh; iqjLdkj

r`rh; iqjLdkj

izksRlkgu iqjLdkj

MkW- js[kk efyd] MkW lksfu;k ';ksjk.k] MkW Lusg ujoky] MkW vuhrk eh.kk] Jherh lquhrk tloky

Jh lquhy dqekj] Jh vfer] Jh nosUnz] Jh ,l ds xkSjh] Jh fou;

MkW- jru frokjh] Jherh jsuw 'kekZ] Jh ,l ds flag] Jh jktsUnz flag rksej]

Jherh vferk] Jherh oafnrk] lqJh jftrk] Jh ijos'k] Jh vkseizdk'k VqVstk

lHkh oxZ Xkhrxk;u


f}rh; iqjLdkj

r`rh; iqjLdkj

izksRlkgu iqjLdkj

MkW- jru frokjh

Jh Ï".k dqekj

MkW- lR;ohj flag

Jherh izksfeyk oekZlHkh oxZ [kqykeap


f}rh; iqjLdkj

r`rh; iqjLdkj

izksRlkgu iqjLdkj

lqJh ljkst

Jh ts ds ik.Ms;

Jh iadt dqekj

Jherh js.kq 'kekZoSKkfud fgUnh vuqokn


f}rh; iqjLdkj

r`rh; iqjLdkj

izksRlkgu iqjLdkj

MkW Lusg ujoky

MkW- pUnz ukFk feJ

MkW- ,l ds flag

MkW- vuhrk eh.kk

MkW- fodkl xqIrkfuiq.k deZpkjh ,oa lax.kd dehZ

Jqrys[k@lqys[k


f}rh; iqjLdkj

r`rh; iqjLdkj

izksRlkgu iqjLdkj

Jh lqjsUnz dqekj

Jh caVh

Jh nhid 'kekZ

Jherh vferk jkuh] Jh lanhi dqekj] Jherh ehuk dqekjh] Jherh fgekuh


MkW Lusg ujoky] fgUnh vuqokn izfr;ksfxrk esa izFke

iqjLdkj

Jh d`".k dqekj xhr xk;u esa f}rh; iqjLdkj ls

lEekfur

vark{kjh izfr;ksfxrk esa izFke iqjLdkj ls lEekfurny

Jh lquhy dqekj] Jqrys[k izfr;ksfxrk esa izFke iqjLdkj

ls lEekfur

Jherh lquhrk tloky] Hkk"k.k izfr;ksfxrk esa izFke

iqjLdkj ls lEekfur

Jh gfjUnz dqekj] lqys[k izfr;ksfxrk esa izFke iqjLdkj ls

lEekfur

fgUn

h d

k;ZØ

eksa

ij

fooj

.k


Project Director Indu Sharma, Ph.D.

Crop Improvement V Tiwari, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist & PI

Ravish Chatrath, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist

Sushila Kundu, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist

Gyanendra Singh, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist

Ratan Tiwari, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist

BS Tyagi, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist

Arun Gupta, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist

Sindhu Sareen, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist

Raj Kumar, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist

SK Singh, Ph.D., Sr. Scientist

Rekha Malik, Ph.D., Sr. Scientist

Pradeep Sharma, Ph.D., Sr. Scientist

Rajender Singh, Ph.D., Sr. Scientist

Sonia Sheoran, Ph.D., Scientist

Satish Kumar, Ph.D., Scientist

Charan Singh, M.Sc., Scientist (on study leave)

Karnam Venkatesh, Ph.D., Scientist

CN Mishra, Ph.D., Scientist

HM Mamrutha, Ph.D., Scientist

Vikas Gupta, Ph.D., Scientist

Om Prakash, Ph.D., Asst. CTO

BK Meena, Ph.D., Sr. TO

Ravinder Singh, B.Tech., Sr. TO

Rajendra Kumar, M.Sc., Sr. TO

Raj Kumar, TO

Om Prakash, TO

Rahul Singh, Sr. TA

Suresh Kumar, Sr. TA

Rajesh Kumar, TA

Bhal Singh, TA

Ronak Ram, TA

Ramesh Pal, SSS

Aman Kumar, SSS

Crop Protection DP Singh, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist (on deputation to ITEC assignment at Guyana)MS Saharan, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist & PI Sudheer Kumar, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist

R Selvakumar, Ph.D., Sr. Scientist

Subhash Katare, Ph.D., Sr. Scientist

Mangal Singh, Ph.D., Sr. TO

Ishwar Singh, TO

Lok Raj, TA

Hem Lata, Stenographer

Nandan Singh, SSS

Resource Management RK Sharma, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist & PI

SC Tripathi, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist

SC Gill, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist

RS Chhokar, Ph.D., Sr. Scientist

Raj Pal Meena, Ph.D., Scientist

Anita Meena, Ph.D. Scientist

PHP Verma, M.Sc., Sr. TO

Ram Kumar Singh, M.Sc., Sr. TO

Rajinder Pal Sharma, Sr. TA

Sukh Ram, Sr. Tech.

Desh Raj, SSS

Quality and Basic Sciences RK Gupta, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist & PI

Devender Mohan, Ph.D., Pr .Scientist

Sewa Ram, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist

Sneh Narwal, Ph.D., Sr. Scientist

OP Gupta, M.Sc., Scientist

VK Sehgal, M.Sc., Sr. TO

Sunita Jaswal, TO

Jamuna Devi, TA

Ishwar Singh, TA

Social Sciences Randhir Singh, Ph.D., Pr Scientist & PI

Satyavir Singh, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist

Anuj Kumar, Ph.D., Sr. Scientist

Sendhil R, Ph.D., Scientist

JK Pandey, M.Sc., Asst. CTO

Rajendra Singh, M.Sc., Sr. TO

Ramesh Chand, Ph.D., Sr. TO

Rajinder Kumar Sharma, TO

Paramjeet Singh, SSS

17 pErSoNNEL

per

so

nn

el


Barley RPS Verma, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist &PI (on deputation to ICARDA w.e.f. May 19, 2013)

AS Kharub, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist & PI (w.e.f. May 19, 2013)

Dinesh Kumar, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist

Jogendra Singh, Ph.D., Sr. Scientist

Anil Khippal, Ph.D., Sr. Scientist

Vishnu Kumar, Ph.D., Scientist

Sant Kumar, Sr. TO

Yogesh Kumar, M.Sc., Sr. TO

Madan Lal, TO

Shanti Devi, SSS

Computer Science and StatsticsRavish Chatrath, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist & Incharge

Ajay Verma, Ph.D., Sr. Scientist

Suman Lata, Ph.D., Sr. Scientist

Yogesh Sharma, M.Sc. (CS), Sr. TO

Surender Singh, Sr. TO

P Chandrababu, M.Sc.(CS), Sr. TO

Bhim Sen, SSS

Director’s Cell Gyan Aneja, PS to Project Director

Finance Management Tara Chand Sharma, F&AO (up to 31.06.2013)

Anil Agrawal, F&AO (w.e.f. 01.07.2013)

Jagdish Chander, AF&AO

Ramesh Kumar, Asst.

Krishan Pal, UDC

Suman Thapa, SSS

Ramu Shah, SSS

Administration Abhishek Srivastava, AO (up to 07.09.2013)

JS Paul, AO(w.e.f. 31.08.2013) and AAO (up to 30.08.3013)

Anil Kumar, AAO (w.e.f. 10.01.2014) Stenographer (up to 9.01.2014)

Sher Singh, Asst.

Promila Verma, Asst.

Sunil Kumar, Asst.

Anil Kumar Sharma, Asst. (up to 10.09.2013)

Smt. Usha Rani, Asst. (up to 03.07.2012)

Sushila, UDC

Ramesh Kumar, UDC

Mahabir Singh, LDC

Yashwant Singh, SSS

Guman Singh, SSS

Library Dinesh Kumar, Incharge Abhay Nagar, M.Lib. & Inf. Sci, Sr. TO Harender Kumar, SSS

Farm Section Gyanendra Singh, InchargeSurendra Singh, M.Sc., Sr. TO Amar Singh, Driver, TAVinod Khokhar, Driver, Tech.Hari Prasad, SSS

Landscape Section Rajender Kumar Sharma, TO Hawa Singh, SSG (Mali) Raj Kumar, SSG (Mali)

Technical (Workshop Group) Abhay Ram, Driver Om Singh, Driver Ram Jawari, Driver Rajbir Singh, Driver Rajbir Singh, Driver Sunder Lal, Driver

Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla SC Bhardwaj, Ph.D., Pr. Scientist & InchargeHanif Khan, Ph.D., Scientist Om Prakash Gangwar, Ph.D., Scientist Pramod Prasad, Ph.D., Scientist

SB Singh, Asst. CTO Subhodh Kumar, Ph.D., TO Baldev Singh, TAUdai Singh, TA Swroop Chand, Tech.Jaspal Singh, AAO Shanti Devi, AAO Roop Ram, Jr. StenographerChaman Lal, SSSOm Prakash, SSSSant Ram, SSSBhoop Ram Verma, SSSBhoop Ram Thakur, SSSAnil Kumar, SSS

Regional Station, Dalang Maidan, Lahaul & Spiti Rajender Singh, Ph.D., Incharge

Nand Lal, Sr. Tech.

per

so

nn

el


Staff Position as on March 31, 2014

Scientific cadre strength

Designation Sanctioned Filled Vacant

DWR, Karnal

Project Director 1 1 -

Principal Scientist 6 4 2

Senior Scientist 10 7 3

Scientist 30 31 -1

Barley Network, Karnal

Principal Scientist 1 1 -

Scientist 4 5 -1

DWR Regional Station, Shimla

Principal Scientist 1 - 1

Scientist 4 4 -

Total 56+1 52+1 6(-2)

Administrative cadre strength


A. DWR, Karnal

AO 1 1 -

AAO 1 1 -

FAO 1 1 -

AF&AO 1 1 -

Assistant 7 4* 1

UDC 3 5* -

LDC 5 1 4

PS 1 1 -

PA 2 1 -

Steno Gr III 1 1

Total 22 16 6

B. DWR Regional Station, Shimla

AAO 2 2 -

Steno Gr III 1 1 -

Total 3 3 -

Total (A+B) 25 19 6

Technical cadre strength


A. DWR, Karnal

T-3 (Cat.II) 19 19 -

T-1 (Cat.I) 23 23 -

B. DWR Regional Station, Shimla

T-3 (Cat.II) 2 2 -

T-1 (Cat.I) 3 3 -

C. DWR Regional Station, Dalang Maidan, Lahaul & Spiti

T-3 (Cat.II)

T-1 (Cat.I) 1 1 -

Total (A+B+C) 48 48 -

Skilled supporting staff cadre strength

Station Sanctioned Filled Vacant

DWR, Karnal 20 17 3

DWR Regional Station, Shimla 11 6 5

DWR Regional Station, Dalang Maidan, Lahaul & Spiti

3 - 3

Total (A+B+C) 34 23 11

Summary

Cadre Sanctioned Filled Vacant

Project Director 1 1

Scientific 56 52 4

Technical 48 48 -

Administrative 25 19 6

Skilled supporting staff 34 23 11

Total staff 164 143 21

18 STAFF poSITIoN AND FINANCE

Budget allocation and expenditure (Rupees Lakhs), 2013-14

Head Allocation Expenditure

Plan-DWR 600.00 599.98

Plan-AICW&BIP 1800.00 1800.00

Non Plan 1287.00 1286.77

Total 3687.00 3686.75

sta

ff p

os

itio

n a

nd

fin

an

ce


Joining

Sh. Anil Agarwal, FAO w.e.f. 01.07.2013

Dr. Anil Khippal, Sr. Scientist (Agronomy) w.e.f. 01.07.2013

Dr. Subhash Katare, Sr. Scientist (Entomology) w.e.f. 10.07.2013

Dr. Sudheer Kumar, Pr. Scientist (Plant Pathology) w.e.f. 19.08.2013

Promotions

Dr. Raj Kumar promoted from Sr. Scietnist to Pr. Scientist w.e.f. 01.01.2011

Dr. Rekha Malik promoted from Scientist to Sr. Scientist w.e.f. 30.10.2007

Sh. JS Paul promoted from AAO to AO w.e.f. 31.08.2013

Sh. Anil Kumar promoted from PA to AAO w.e.f. 09.01.2014

Sh. Mahabir Singh promoted from LDC to UDC w.e.f. 09.01.2014

MACP granted

Shri Sant Ram, SSS w.e.f. 15.06.2013

Sh. Jagdish Chander, AFAO w.e.f. 09.01.2014

Smt. Gian Aneja, PS to PD w.e.f. 03.02.2014

Sh. Desh Raj, SSS w.e.f. 08.02.2014

Sh. Aman Kumar, SSS w.e.f. 08.02.2014

Transfers

Sh. TC Sharma, F&AO transferred to PDFSR, Meerut w.e.f. 30.06.2013

Sh. Abhishek Srivastava, Admn. Officer transferred to CSSRI, Karnal w.e.f. 07.09.2013

Sh. Anil Kumar, Asst. transferred to NDRI, Karnal w.e.f. 10.09.2013

19 JoININGS, proMoTIoNS, TrANSFErS AND rETIrEMENTS

Acknowledgement

On behalf of the Directorate, the Project Director expresses her sincere thanks to Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), State Agricultural Universities and all the Cooperators for successfully executing the wheat research programme. The guidance and overwhelming support received from Dr. S Ayyappan, Secretary DARE & DG, ICAR, Dr. SK Datta, DDG (Crop Science) and Dr. RP Dua, ADG (FFC) are gratefully acknowledged. The combined efforts of all the Principal Investigators of the Directorate in publication of this report is appreciated. The contribution of scientists, technical, administrative, finance

and supporting staff is acknowledged.

join

ing

s, pr

om

oti

on

s e

tc.

Documents

okfkZd izfrosnu - IIWBR Annual Report 2013-14.pdf · of Project Director, Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal. PREFACE It is indeed a privilege to place before you the Annual Report