OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY

8/7/2019 OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY

1/20

OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY

WHAT IS AN OIL SPILL?

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES?

WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES?

WHAT HAS BEEN DONE?


2/20


EXAMPLES OF OIL SPILL INCIDENTS

OWN EXPERIENCE

WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?


3/20

Torrey Canyon - England

(March 1967)

A Liberian-registered

tankeren route from the

Persian Gulf was strandedby an error in ship

manoeuvring, releasing

93,000 tonnes of crude

oil. Contaminated 300

kilometres of both

England and France.


4/20

Amoco Cadiz- France

(1978)

A Liberian-registered

tankeren route to

England grounded on

a reef off the coast ofBrittany (France) and

releasing 260,000

tonnes of crude oil.

Contaminated 400 km

of coast. Took sixmonths to collect and

dispose of the drifting

oil.


5/20

Sea Empress - Wales

(February 15, 1996)

The single-hulled

Liberian oil tanker ran

aground on St. AnnsHead at the mouth of

Milford Haven estuary,

Wales, rupturing several

tanks. It released 72,000tonnes of light North

Sea Crude.


6/20

Braer- Scotland

(January 5, 1993)

An 18 years old, American

owned, but Liberian-

registered, oil tanker thatran aground at Garth Ness

in the Shetlands in severe

weather conditions. Cause

was complete enginefailure. Spilled its entire

cargo of 85,000 tonnes of

North Sea Crude.


7/20

Exxon Valdez- United States

(March 24, 1989)

A US-flagged tankeren

route to Long Beach

California wrecked on

Bligh Reef in PrinceWilliam Sound, Alaska

due to Captain error.

Eight of the eleven tanks

damaged, releasing

41,000 tonnes of Alaska

Northslope Crude Oil.

Contaminated 1,900

kilometers of coast.


8/20

Nestucca - United States (December 23,

1988)

The fuel barge Nestucca and

its tender tug Ocean Service

collided of the mouth of

Grays Harbour, State ofWashington. An estimated

890 tonnes of heavy Bunker

C oil spilled from the

ruptured barge. The oil

drifted past Cape Flattery and

stranded along the west coast

of Vancouver Island, British

Columbia.


9/20

Tenyo Maru - United States

(July 22, 1991)

Off the entrance to the Juan de Fuca Strait,

the Japanese fishing vessel Tenyo Maru and

Chinese freighterTuo Hai collided. The

Tenyo Maru sank, releasing 365 tonnes of

bunker fuel. The slick travelled southwest to

the State of Washingtons Cape Flattery


10/20

New Carissa - United States

(February 3, 1999)

A Japanese-owned, but

Panamanian-flagged bulk

carrier on its way to CoosBay, Oregon (US) lost

anchor during storm

conditions and grounded

outside of Coos Harbour. It

held 1,490 tonnes of bunkerfuel, spilling 268 tonnes

when it broke in half.


11/20

Kuroshima - United States

(November 26, 1997)

A 368 foot seafood

freighter broke away

from its anchorage

during a severe stormand ran aground spilling

145 tonnes of Bunker C

oil. Contaminated

approximately 10

kilometres of shoreline

of Summer Bay on the

Aleutian Island of

Unalaska.


12/20

ERIKA, 12TH Dec 1999

This ship ran into trouble in aheavy storm 70 kilometersoff the coast of Bretagne,France. The ship broke inhalf and sank to the bottomof the sea. Of the 30,000tons of heavy furnace oil itcarried, 14,000 tons spilledinto the sea. The remainingoil in the wreck is steadilyleaking out.


13/20

PRESTIGE, 13th Nov 2002

During stormy weather the

Greek-owned Prestige suffered

a 50 metre gash in the right side

of the hullThe tanker, carryingsome 77,000 tonnes of oil, sunk

to the depth of 3,600 meters

some 250 km off the Spanish

coast, with a large quantity of

oil still on board. Vessel is saidto have spilled oil in excess of

5,000 tonnes.


14/20

Heibei Spirit, 07th Dec 2007

At about 7:30 local time onDecember 7, 2007 a cranebarge being towed by a tug

collided with theanchored Hebei Spirit.

The collision puncturedthree of the five tanks

aboard the Hebei Spirit andresulted in the leaking ofsome 10,800 tons of crudeoil into sea.


15/20

MARPOL 73/78(Prevention)

Application- Types of Vessels

Construction- Tanks for residues

SBT/CBT Tanks

Double Hull and Double Bottom

Pump room bottom protection

Limitation of size

COW arrangements

Pumping and discharge arrangement

OWF Equipment

Oil/water interface detector

Control of operational discharge Reception Facilities

Sub division and damage stability

Survey and certification


16/20


SOPEP AND SMPEP

OIL RECORD BOOKS

MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENTS

CHECKLISTS


17/20

TREND IN MAJOR OIL SPILLS


18/20

OIL SPILLR

EA

SONS

MAJOR CAUSES OF OIL SPILLS ARE

* Machinery Failure

* Human & Navigational Error

*Fire and Explosion

* Hull Damage


19/20

OIL SPILL PREVENTION

ONLY IF

Vessels are maintained to a high standard

Operated by personnel who are welltrained and committed to their jobs.

Vessels are designed and built to high

standards.


20/20


RECAP / SUMMARY

ANY QUESTIONS?

THANKS

Documents

OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY