Oil

Black Gold!The

By

Shagufta Shaheen

For

Class – VII-VIII

Discussion

• What is oil and gas?

• Where does it come from?

• Where is it found?

• How it transfer?

• Oil is used in other products.

• The main producers of oil.

Some source-1

• Oil originates from the chemical such as hydrocarbons

Some source-2as

animals and plants

• -Oil was a gift from nature.

• -It took millions of years to produce

Some source-3as

animals and plants

Plant plankton

Animal plankton

• most of the world’s oil and gas is made up of the fossil remains

• of microscopic marine plants and animals. That’s why oil and

• gas are often referred to as a fossil fuel. One of the most

• important group of plankton involved in the formation of oil

Some source-4as

Source Rock

A rock that has produced oil and

gas is known as a Source Rock

Some source-5as

Black Shale

• Where ocean sediment contains more than 5%organic mush it eventually forms a rock known as a Black Shale.

• The black colour comes from the dark organic matter that it contains. As we will see, Black Shale is what makes oil and gas.

• The world’s main oil deposits all formed in warm shallow seas

• where plankton bloomed but bottom waters were deoxygenated

Discovery and Creation-1 Oil Trap

Where oil and gas rises up into a dome (or anticline) capped by Impermeable rocks it can’t escape.

This is one type of an Oil Trap.

Discovery and Creation-2as

reservoirs

The rising oil and gas

eventually gets trapped in pockets in the rock called reservoirs

Discovery and Creation-3 Drilling the well

In order to extract the

oil from an oil field,

a large number of

wells are drilled

On an offshore rig is may

Cost $10,000for every meter

drilled. So if you are going to

drill a hole 5000 meters

underground it’s going to

cost you 20 million pounds/

25 million dollars.

Discovery and Creation-4 Transport

Pipelines

Oil Tankers

Sea’s Oil Tankers

Trans Oil Tankers

All of them play an important role in distribution of oil.

Discovery and Creation-5 Refinery

Oil refinery

Distillation Plant

• Crude oil must be refined before use.

• Hydrocarbons can be separated using distillation, which produces different fractions (or types) of oil and gas

Discovery and Creation-5 Refinery

Oil is used as raw materialin other products

• 84% of crude oil is refined into fuel, principally for cars and planes

• It also produce LPG,

• bitumen for roads,

• kerosene,

• oil and lubricants for machinery,

Oil is used as raw materialin other products

Dyes & nylon Cosmetics Dyes for food

Paints fertilizers Plastics

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

The biggest producer is Saudi Arabia, but Iran, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait and Venezuela are also major suppliers

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a

group of 13 countries that produce 36% of the world’s oil, or

32 million barrels of oil per day.

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

• Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

• (OECD) produces 24% of all oil, or 21 million barrels per day.

• The USA is the biggest single producer in OECD but Mexico,

• Canada and the UK are also major suppliers

• Outside OECD, the states of the former Soviet Union are also

• major producers supplying a further 15% of global output

Demand

• In 2007, the global consumption of

oil was about 80 million barrels per days

• Every year, this rate of consumption is

rising by about 1.2 million barrels per day. • The single largest consumers of oil is the

USA,

which sucks up 24% of the total oil produced

Oil production

• Many oil fields, countries, and oil companies have already peaked.

• 53 of 68 oil producing countries are in decline.

Saudi saying:

“My father rode a camel.

I drive a car.

My son flies a jet airplane.

His son will ride a camel.”