Offshore wind energy in Germany - UL · offshore wind energy in Germany An overview of the current state of offshore wind energy in Germany as of 31 December 2018 is presented in

Offshore wind energy in GermanyStatus 31.12.2018 and prospects until 2030

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Status and prospects for offshore wind energy in GermanyAn overview of the current state of offshore wind energy in Germany as of 31 December 2018 is presented in this article, including an outlook for the expected development until 2030.1.

Status of offshore wind energy in Germany

As of 31 December 2018, 1,309 wind turbines (WT) with a total capacity of 6,380.2 MW were in operation. A further 42 WT for 252 MW of capacity have been installed in 2018, but not yet put into operation by this date. Fig. 1 illustrates the development of offshore wind energy in Germany in the last decade.

In 2018, six offshore wind farms (OWF) off the German coast were under construction. Fig. 2 gives an overview of the construction progress in the realization of the German OWF in the period 1 January to 31 December 2018. The OWF Arkona was built in the Baltic Sea, while all other projects are being realized in the North Sea.The OWF Borkum Riffgrund 2 (56 MHI Vestas V164-8.0 with power upgraded to 8.3 MW) and the OWF Arkona (60 Siemens SWT-6.0-154 with power upgraded to 6.4 MW) were installed and commissioned in 2018. Furthermore, all 66 GE Haliade 150-6 MW for the OWF Merkur Offshore were erected, but only 24 WT were operational by 31 December 2018.

1 The data are based on a survey of project developers, as well as data from the Federal Network Agency (BNetzA), the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH) and own research.

72 185,3 215,3320,3

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2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

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MWin operation /in BetriebMW

installederrichtet

© 2019 UL International

Status Offshore Wind

‐ MW installed / errichtet‐ MW in operation / in Betrieb

(cumulated / kumuliert)

Fig. 1: Overview of the development of offshore wind energy in Germany since 2008

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At the OWF EnBW Hohe See, Trianel Windpark Borkum II and Deutsche Bucht, most of the foundations were installed by the end of the year (see Fig. 2), with the WT scheduled to be installed and put into operation in 2019. In addition, the complete construction and commissioning of the OWF EnBW Albatros is planned, which will be realized together with the OWF EnBW Hohe See and will include another 16 wind turbines. Like for the OWF Deutsche Bucht, the offshore substation for the OWF EnBW Albatros is also due to be installed in 2019.In 2018, a total of 182 WT with a total capacity of 1,244.8 MW were installed off the German coast, of which 140 WT with 992.8 MW had already started energy production by the end of the year. In addition, 180 foundations were built, including 160 monopiles and 20 suction bucket jackets.Fig. 3 shows the types of the WT classes used, as well as their different manufacturers, and the average size of the German offshore WT in operation.In 2018, wind turbines from MHI Vestas and GE were installed in German OWF for the first time. Moreover, with a rated power of 8.3 MW, the most powerful WT ever went online in the OWF Borkum Riffgrund 2.

Outlook on the development until 2020

In the German North Sea, the completion of the DolWin3 and BorWin3 grid connections is crucial for the realization of the planned expansion of offshore wind energy by 2020. After the commissioning of DolWin3 and BorWin3, a total of 12

grid connection systems are available in the North Sea. Via DolWin3, the OWF Borkum Riffrund 2 was fully connected to the grid in 2018, and the feed-in of the first 24 WT in the OWF Merkur Offshore could be realized. Fig. 4 shows the associated converter station DolWin Gamma, which was installed in the summer of 2017 close

to DolWin Alpha (grid connection DolWin1). The commissioning of BorWin3 is scheduled for the summer of 2019. In autumn 2018, the BorWin Gamma offshore converter station manufactured in Dubai was successfully installed in the North Sea. The onshore converter station Emden/East could also be completed in 2018.

Fig. 2: Overview of the construction progress of German offshore wind farms in 2018

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Monopiles installed /Monopiles installiert(Status 31.12.2017)

Monopiles installed /Monopiles installiert(01.01.‐31.12.2018)

Wind turbines installed /WEA installiert(01.01.‐31.12.2018)

Arkona EnBWHohe See

MerkurOffshore

Trianel WindparkBorkum II

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Status31.12.2018© 2019 UL International

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Siemens Gamesa63,0%

Adwen15,0%

Senvion9,6%

Bard6,1%

MHI Vestas4,3%

GE1,8%

Other0,2%

Total:1309 WT/WEA*

*incl. 2 Neashore

Ø 4,9 MW

Fig. 3: German offshore wind turbines with grid connections – WT classes and their manufacturers

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By the summer of 2019, the complete connection of the OWF EnBW Hohe See to BorWin Gamma is scheduled. Afterwards, the transfer of the OWF Global Tech I grid connection from BorWin 2 to BorWin 3 is planned. For this purpose, the connection of the OWF Global Tech I to the offshore converter platform BorWin Beta is to be cut off and replaced by a new connection to the converter station BorWin Gamma.Fig. 5 gives an overview of the grid connections in the German North Sea and the offshore wind farms connected there, with all OWF marked in colors expected to be in operation by 2020. After completion of the 12 grid connection systems, a total capacity of 7,132 MW is available in the German North Sea. Fig. 5 shows, however, that if all the OWF described above were put into

operation, a connection capacity of 539 MW would not be used in the year 2020 and beyond.The grid connection system Ostwind 1 is currently under construction in the German Baltic Sea. Ostwind 1 comprises the 3 three-phase alternating current (AC) systems OST-1-1, OST-1-2 and OST-1-3 with a connection capacity of 250 MW each. The first energy production of the OWF Wikinger and Arkona started in 2018 via the grid connection, which was realized with 220 kV technology for the first time in Germany.After the completion of Ostwind 1, a total of five grid connection systems in the Baltic Sea with a total capacity of 1,074 MW are available, with 15 MW remaining unused until 2020.Taking into account the two near-shore wind turbines in Rostock and Emden, an offshore wind energy

capacity of almost 7.7 GW will be online by 2020 in the German North and Baltic Seas.

Development in the period 2021–2025

For offshore WT to be commissioned beginning 2021, the Federal Network Agency (BNetzA) awarded the first tenders on 1 April 2017 and on 1 April 2018 for the entitlement of OWF projects and the value from electricity generated from OWF.With a tendering volume of 3,100 MW in total, the 2017–2018 tenders shall achieve the addition of 500 MW in 2021 (exclusively in the Baltic Sea), of 500 MW in 2022, and of 700 MW annually in the years 2023–2025 for the so-called „transitional phase“ between 2021 and 2025.Only „existing projects“ at sites in the territorial sea or in clusters 1 to 8 in the North Sea or in clusters 1 to 3 in the Baltic Sea according to the federal offshore plan (BFO) were able to participate in the tender rounds. Another prerequisite for participation in the tenders was that a permit (or plan approval) had already been granted for the projects before 1 August 2016, or at least a public hearing date had been carried out.Fig. 6 gives an overview of the OWF awarded in the 2017 and 2018 tenders, which can, therefore, be realized by 2025. The overview also shows the grid connection systems required for the transition phase, which were determined in the offshore grid development plan (O-NEP).In the period from 2021 to 2022, the AC connections OST-2-1, OST-2-2 and OST-2-3, each with a capacity of 250 MW, shall be available in the Baltic Sea, while in the North Sea, the

Fig. 4: Converter stations DolWin Gamma (left) and DolWin Alpha (right) (Photo: TenneT TSO GmbH).

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Fig. 5: Grid connections and OWF realized by 2020

O-NEP Project

Grid connection system Netzanbindungssystem

Availability Betriebsbereitschaft

Capacity Leistung

Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) Offshore Windpark (OWP)

OWF completion OWP Fertig stellung

NOR-2-1 alpha ventus (AC) - 62 MW 05/2009 62 MW alpha ventus (04/2010)

NOR-6-1 BorWin 1 - 400 MW 12/2010 400 MW Bard Offshore 1 (09/2013)

NOR-0-1 Riffgat (AC) - 113 MW 02/2014 113 MW Riffgat (07/2013)

NOR-6-2 BorWin 2 - 800 MW 01/2015

400 MW Veja Mate (05/2017)

269 MW Deutsche Bucht (+ 2 Pilot WT / WEA) (2019 pl.)

117 MW EnBW Albatros (2019 pl.)

14 MW free capacity / freie Kapazität

NOR-4-1 HelWin 1 - 576 MW 02/2015288 MW Meerwind (04/2014)

288 MW Nordsee Ost (12/2014)

NOR-5-1 SylWin 1 - 864 MW 04/2015

288 MW DanTysk (09/2014)

288 MW Butendiek (08/2015)

288 MW Sandbank (01/2017)

NOR-4-2 HelWin 2 - 690 MW 06/2015303 MW Amrumbank West (10/2015)


NOR-2-2 DolWin 1 - 800 MW 07/2015

200 MW Trianel Windpark Borkum (06/2014)

312 MW Borkum Riffgrund 1 (05/2015)

200 MW Trianel Windpark Borkum II (2019 pl.)


NOR-3-1 DolWin 2 - 916 MW 04/2016

252 MW Gode Wind 02 (04/2016)

332 MW Gode Wind 01 (05/2016)

332 MW Nordsee One (09/2017)

NOR-0-2 Nordergründe (AC) - 111 MW 12/2017 111 MW Nordergründe (12/2017)

NOR-2-3 DolWin 3 - 900 MW 2018/19

450 MW Borkum Riffgrund 2 (08/2018)

400 MW Merkur Offshore (09/2018)


NOR-8-1 BorWin 3 - 900 MW (2019 pl.)400 MW Global Tech I (Interim BorWin 2) (08/2014)

500 MW EnBW Hohe See (2019 pl.)

North See / Nordsee 6593 MW 539 MW

Utilized capacity / genutzte Kapazität free capacity / freie Kapazität

OST 3-1 Baltic 1 - 51 MW 05/2011 51 MW EnBW Baltic 1 (05/2011)

OST 3-2 Baltic 2 - 288 MW 09/2015 288 MW EnBW Baltic 2 (09/2015)

OST-1-1 Ostwind 1 - 250 MW 2018/19 250 MW Wikinger (12/2017)

OST-1-2 Ostwind 1 - 250 MW 2018/19 250 MW Arkona (10/2018)

OST-1-3 Ostwind 1 - 250 MW 2019 pl.235 MW Wikinger / Arkona (100/135 MW) (12/2017 - 10/2018)


Baltic Sea / Ostsee 1074 MW Utilized capacity / genutzte KapazitätSource / Quelle: BNetzA, O-NEP 2030, Vorentwurf FEP 2019 - Status: 31.12.2018

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availability of the high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems DolWin 6, DolWin 5 and BorWin 5 with 900 MW each is expected for the period 2023–2025. For the construction of DolWin6, the transmission system operator TenneT has already awarded in July 2017 the contract to Siemens for the technology for the HVDC transmission, and to Nexans for the supply and installation of the DC cables.

As a result of the two 2017 and 2018 tender rounds, six previously approved OWF and four projects without permit (or plan approval) were accepted.The OWF Kaskasi II can be connected to the already existing grid connection HelWin 2 with the added power of 325 MW, reducing the unused connection capacity of HelWin 2 from 387 MW to 62 MW. In the Baltic Sea, the unused connection capacity of the grid connection

OST-1-1, which is already under construction, will be reduced from 15 MW to 5 MW by connecting the OWF Wikinger Süd (10 MW).By 2022, the OWF Arcadis Ost I and Baltic Eagle with a total capacity of 723 MW are to be connected in the Baltic Sea, leaving a spare connection capacity of another 27 MW.By the current state, an increase in offshore wind power in the German North and Baltic Seas of a total of only 1,058 MW is possible in the

O-NEP Project


Availability grid connection

Betriebsbereit-schaft Netzan-

schluss

Award Zuschlag

Capacity Leistung

Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) Offshore Windpark (OWP)

OWF Permission OWP Genehmigung

NOR-4-2 HelWin 2 - 690 MW06/2015 2018 325 MW Kaskasi II still pending /

steht noch aus


NOR-3-3 DolWin 6 - 900 MW (2023 pl.)

2017 110 MW Gode Wind III 22.12.2016 (14 WT / WEA)

2018 132 MW Gode Wind 04 31.07.2013 (42 WT / WEA)


NOR-1-1 DolWin 5 - 900 MW (2024 pl.)

2017 240 MW Borkum Riffgrund West 2 still pending / steht noch aus

2017 240 MW OWP West 15.04.2014 (41 WT / WEA)

2018 420 MW Borkum Riffgrund West 25.02.2004 (77 WT / WEA)

NOR-7-1 BorWin 5 - 900 MW (2025 pl.) 2017 900 MW EnBW He Dreiht 20.02.2010 (119 WT / WEA)

North See / Nordsee 2367 MW Awarded capacity / bezuschlagte Kapazität

OST-1-1 250 MW (2019 pl.)2018 10 MW Wikinger Süd still pending /

steht noch aus


OST-2-1 250 MW (2021 pl.)2018 247 MW Arcadis Ost I 09.09.2014 (58 WT / WEA)


OST-2-2 250 MW (2021 pl.) 2018 250 MW Baltic Eagle (476 MW) still pending / steht noch aus

OST-2-3 250 MW (2022 pl.)2018 226 MW Baltic Eagle still pending /

steht noch aus


Baltic Sea / Ostsee 733 MW Awarded capacity / bezuschlagte Kapazität

Source / Quelle: BNetzA, O-NEP 2030, Vorentwurf FEP 2019 - Status: 30.06.2018

Fig. 6: Grid connections and OWF planned by 2025

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period from 2020 to 2023, which is a considerable decrease in added capacity compared with the previous expansion development. As the permission for most of the OWF developments is still missing, a very low annual growth of offshore wind power may be expected, especially for the years 2020-2022. In the North Sea, the full utilization of the 900 MW HVDC systems DolWin 5 and BorWin 5 is planned. For the DolWin 6 grid connection, on the other hand, only 342 MW were awarded in the OWF Gode Wind III and Gode Wind 04, meaning that over 70% of the 900 MW connection capacity will remain unused for the time being. Finally, it should be noted that the planned 900 MW HVDC grid connection SylWin 2, which should be operational by 2025, will not

be realized until further notice, because of the general uncertainty as to whether the sea area may be designated for offshore wind energy due to potential bird protection conflicts. Fig. 7 shows an overview of the development of offshore wind energy in the North Sea by 2025.

Tenders for the offshore construction from 2026

For the commissioning of offshore wind farms from 2026, the tender will take place in the so-called „central model“. In one bidding date per year, an average of 700-900 MW will be tendered in order to fulfill the EEG 2017 target of 15 GW offshore wind energy until 2030 (EEG: Renewable Energy Sources Act). Due to the long lead times for

planning and approval, the central model only becomes effective after the transition phase described above (commissioning 2021-2025).The so-called „area development plan“ (FEP) serves as a central planning tool for the use of offshore wind energy, which specifies the areas at sea where OWF will be built. By 30 June 2019, the FEP is to be conceived for the first time by the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH) in agreement with the Federal Network Agency, which determines how and when these areas will be connected to the grid. In May 2018, the BSH submitted the „Preliminary Design of the Area Development Plan 2019 for the German Exclusive Economic Zone of the North and Baltic Seas“.For the central model, the bidders compete in the tender for the

GlobalTech I

EnBW Hohe See

Bard Offshore 1

Veja Mate

Deutsche Bucht

Trianel WP Borkum

Trianel WP Borkum II

Merkur Offshore

Sandbank

Dan Tysk

Butendiek

Nordsee Ost

Meerwind Süd/Ost

Amrumbank West

Alpha Ventus

Riffgat

Gode Wind 02

Gode Wind 01

Nordsee OneNordergründe

Kaskasi II

Gode Wind III

Gode Wind 04

Borkum Riffgrund West 2

OWP WestEnBW He DreihtBorkum Riffgrund West

Source:Map: BSH (modified)Project data: UL International

construction in 2021-2025 (pl.)

Albatros

Borkum Riffgrund 2

Borkum Riffgrund 1

Fig. 7: Overview of the deployment of offshore wind energy in the North Sea until 2025

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O-NEP Project


Availability grid connection Betriebsbereitschaft Netzanschluss

Tender Ausschreibung

Expected Capacity Vorauss. Leistung

Offshore Area Offshore Fläche

NOR-3-3 DolWin 6 - 900 MW (2023 pl.) 2021225 MW N-3.7

375 MW N-3.8

NOR-7-2 BorWin 6 - 900 MW (2027 pl.) 2022 900 MW N-7.2

NOR-3-2 DolWin 4 - 900 MW (2028 pl.) 2023420 MW N-3.5

480 MW N-3.6

NOR-6-3 BorWin 4 - 900 MW(2029 pl.) 2024 630 MW N-6.6

(2030 pl.) 2024 270 MW N-6.7

NOR-9-1 900 MW (2030 pl.) 2025 391 MW N-9.1 TF 1

North See / Nordsee 3691 MW

OST-1-4 300 MW (2026 pl.) 2021 300 MW O-1.3

OST-7-1 300 MW (2029 pl.) 2024 160 MW O-7.1

Baltic Sea / Ostsee 460 MW

Quelle: Vorentwurf FEP 2019 - Stand: 31.01.2019

Fig. 9: Time sequence and capacity for designated areas for OWF in the North Sea

Fig. 8: Designated Areas in the North Sea for tenders for OWF

N‐1N‐2

N‐4N‐8

Quelle: Vorentwurf FEP 2019 – Stand: 31.01.2019 (Kartendarstellung bearbeitet)

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construction of an OWF on a previously investigated area. Only successful bidders with the required tender award can build WT in this area, and are entitled to the market premium and the use of the grid-connection capacity.Fig. 8 illustrates the location of areas in the North Sea designated for OWF in the preliminary draft of the FEP 2019 for which tenders will be issued between 2021 and 2025.Fig. 9 gives an overview of the time sequence of the grid connections and the expected capacities that can be connected in the areas shown. The information is based on the data in preliminary draft of the FEP 2019 as of 31 January 2019.

References:• Preliminary draft of the area development plan (FEP) 2019 for the German exclusive economic zone of the North and Baltic

Seas; Editor: Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Status 31 January 2019• Offshore grid development plan (O-NEP) 2017-2030 as revised on 2 May 2017; Confirmation from the Federal Network

Agency (BNetzA) dated 22 December 2017• Federal offshore plan (BFO) for the German Exclusive Economic Zone of the North Sea 2016/2017 and BFO for the German

exclusive economic zone of the Baltic Sea 2016/2017; Editor: Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), 22 December 2017

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Offshore wind energy in Germany - UL · offshore wind energy in Germany An overview of the current state of offshore wind energy in Germany as of 31 December 2018 is presented in