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Office : Phone : F-126, (Lower Basement), Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110016 011-26522064Mobile : E-mail:
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ESE-2020Prelims Paper-I
Information &Communication Technology
First Edition : 2016
Second Edition : 2017
Third Edition : 2018
Fourth Edition : 2019
Typeset at : IES Master Publication, New Delhi-110016
IES MASTER PUBLICATIONF-126, (Lower Basement), Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110016
Phone : 011-26522064, Mobile : 8130909220, 9711853908
E-mail : [email protected]
Web : iesmasterpublications.com
All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2019, by IES MASTER Publication. No part of this booklet may bereproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording, or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system withoutthe prior permission of IES MASTER Publication, New Delhi. Violates are liable to belegally prosecuted.
Amit K. Chaudhary
IES Master PublicationNew Delhi
The book ‘Information and Communication Technology’ has been written with a sole objective to cater tothe requirements of engineering students aspiring for Engineering Services Examination (ESE) conductedannually by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC), and preparing for State Public ServiceCommission as well as other competitive examinations. This book has been written keeping in mind theneeds and interests of students going to write any of these top engineering competitive examinations,and the standards of the bodies conducting these examinations.
The book covers in detail the complete syllabi for these competitive examinations. For self-practice bystudents, questions as per the pattern of these examinations have been included in this book to helpthem determine the extent of their knowledge and level of preparation. To make it easier for the studentsto assimilate the information included in this book, all the important keywords have been printed in bold.
This revised and updated edition includes some detailed and enlarged chapters to elaborate varioussubjects and topics for the ease of understanding by students. This latest edition has been thoroughlyscrutinised for errors in each and every chapter, and while going through it students will definitelyexperience the change.
PREFACE
Section Description Page No.
Preface (iii)
Chapter 1 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS ROLE ............... 1 – 20
1.1 Overview of ICT ......................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Different Roles of ICT ................................................................................................................ 2
1.3 Applications of ICT ..................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Role of ICT in Various Sectors ................................................................................................ 3
1.5 Importance of ICT for Civil Society Organizations ............................................................. 14
1.6 Information and Communication Technologies (ICTS) and Child Protection ................ 15
Chapter 2 COMPUTER: THE BASIC ICT TOOL..................................................................... 21 – 51
2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 21
2.2 Basic Structure of Computer ................................................................................................. 21
2.3 Memory or Storage Devices .................................................................................................. 22
2.4 Memory Hierarchy .................................................................................................................... 22
2.5 Types of Computer ................................................................................................................... 27
2.6 Computer Accessories and Tool ........................................................................................... 28
2.7 Miscellaneous Data Storage .................................................................................................. 39
2.8 Computer Ports ......................................................................................................................... 40
2.9 Software in a Computer .......................................................................................................... 41
Chapter 3 NETWORKING .................................................................................................... ..52 – 119
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 52
3.2 Uses of Computer Networks ................................................................................................. 53
3.3 The OSI Model (Open System Inter Connection Model) ................................................... 55
3.4 Data Communication ................................................................................................................ 57
3.5 Network ...................................................................................................................................... 58
3.6 Internetworking ......................................................................................................................... 73
3.7 Protocol ...................................................................................................................................... 75
3.8 Measure of Network Performance ....................................................................................... 77
3.9 Radio Wave based Networking ............................................................................................. 79
3.10 Mobile Technology .................................................................................................................... 80
3.11 Internet ........................................................................................................................................ 83
3.12 Cloud Computing ....................................................................................................................... 95
CONTENTS
Contents (v)
3.13 Cyber Security ........................................................................................................................... 98
3.14 Cryptography........................................................................................................................... 101
3.15 Security in the Internet ........................................................................................................ 102
Chapter 4 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION .......................................................................... 120 – 135
4.1 Satellite .................................................................................................................................... 120
4.2 LEO, MEO and GEO Satellite System ................................................................................ 120
4.3 Difference between Geosynchronous andGeostationary Satellites ....................................................................................................... 121
4.4 Satellite Navigation System ................................................................................................. 123
4.5 Remote Sensing ..................................................................................................................... 125
4.6 Geographic Information System (GIS) ............................................................................... 125
4.7 Radar ........................................................................................................................................ 129
4.8 Lidar ......................................................................................................................................... 129
4.9 Sonar ........................................................................................................................................ 130
4.10 DTH ........................................................................................................................................... 130
4.11 Difference between DTH and Cable TV ............................................................................ 130
4.12 Assisted GPS (A-GPS) .......................................................................................................... 130
4.13 Difference between GPS and A-GPS ................................................................................. 131
4.14 S-GPS (Simultaneous GPS) .................................................................................................. 131
4.15 Very Small Aperture Terminal ............................................................................................. 131
4.16 Microwaves ............................................................................................................................. 131
4.17 Nano Satellites ....................................................................................................................... 131
4.18 Cubesats ................................................................................................................................. 132
Chapter 5 ROLE OF ICT IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING ................................................ 136 – 154
5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 136
5.2 Need of ICT in Education and Learning ............................................................................ 137
5.3 Objective of ICT Implementation in Education ................................................................. 137
5.4 Use of ICTs to Improve the Quality of Education ........................................................... 138
5.5 E-Learning ............................................................................................................................... 138
5.6 Significance of E-Learning ................................................................................................... 138
5.7 ICT for School Management ................................................................................................ 139
5.8 ICT for Open and Distance Learning ................................................................................. 139
5.9 Use of ICT for Children with Special Needs .................................................................... 140
5.10 Use of ICT for Skill Development (Vocational and Job
Oriented Areas of General Education) .............................................................................. 140
(vi) Contents
5.11 ICT and Teacher Training ..................................................................................................... 141
5.12 Initiatives Taken in the Sphere of Rural Education
by the Government of India ................................................................................................. 142
5.13 Other Initiatives ...................................................................................................................... 142
5.14 UNESCO Role in Mobile Learning ....................................................................................... 143
5.15 Tools of ICT in Education ..................................................................................................... 144
5.16 Initiatives of ICT in Education and Learning .................................................................... 150
Chapter 6 E-GOVERNANCE ................................................................................................ 155 – 203
6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 155
6.2 E-Governance .......................................................................................................................... 155
6.3 Stages of E-Governance ....................................................................................................... 156
6.4 Scope of E-Governance ........................................................................................................ 157
6.5 Objectives of E-Governance ................................................................................................ 158
6.6 Advantages of E-Governance .............................................................................................. 159
6.7 National E-Governance Plan ................................................................................................ 159
6.8 Difference between E-Governance and E-Government .................................................. 163
6.9 E-Kranti (National E-Governance Plan 2.0) ....................................................................... 164
6.10 Digital India Program ............................................................................................................ 164
6.11 Digital Divide ........................................................................................................................... 166
6.12 JAM Trinity .............................................................................................................................. 169
6.13 Various Projects and Schemes of the Government under NeGP ............................... 169
6.14 Major Mission Mode Projects ............................................................................................. 170
6.15 Various E-Governance Initiatives Across Sectors .......................................................... 173
Chapter 7 VARIOUS ACTS AND POLICIES RELATED TO ICT IN INDIA ......................... 204 – 218
7.1 Information Technology Act, 2000 ...................................................................................... 204
7.2 The Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2006 .................................................... 204
7.3 The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (Amendment) Act, 2014 .......................... 205
7.4 The Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Amendment Act, 2011 .......................... 205
7.5 National Cyber Security Policy 2013 ................................................................................. 206
7.6 National Data Sharing and Access Policy, 2012 ............................................................. 207
7.7 ICT 2025 Vision Document .................................................................................................. 207
7.8 TRAI Recommendations on Net Neutrality ....................................................................... 207
7.9 White Paper on Data Protection Framework .................................................................. 208
7.10 Need of Data Security Policy in India ............................................................................... 209
7.11 Need for Encryption in India ................................................................................................ 210
Contents (vii)
7.12 Institutions Involved in Internal Cyber Security Structure of India ............................. 210
7.13 Institutions Involved in External Cyber Security Structure of India ............................. 211
7.14 Geospatial Information Regulation Bill ............................................................................... 211
7.15 Data Sovereignty .................................................................................................................... 212
7.16 Major Networking Organizations Across the World ...................................................... 213
Chapter 8 CONTEMPORARY TECHNOLOGIES AND PROGRAMS IN ICT ........................ 219 – 265
8.0 Contemporary Technologies ................................................................................................ 219
8.1 5G Technology ........................................................................................................................ 219
8.2 Quantum Cryptography ......................................................................................................... 220
8.3 Optical Computing ................................................................................................................. 220
8.4 Organic Computing ................................................................................................................ 221
8.5 Exascale Computing ............................................................................................................. 221
8.6 DNA Digital Data Storage ..................................................................................................... 221
8.7 Computer-Generated Holography........................................................................................ 222
8.8 Digital Scent Technology ...................................................................................................... 222
8.9 Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD) ....................................................................................... 222
8.10 BLU-Ray Disc .......................................................................................................................... 222
8.11 High-Definition Versatile Disc (HVD) ................................................................................... 222
8.12 Artificial Intelligence .............................................................................................................. 222
8.13 Artificial Brain ......................................................................................................................... 223
8.14 Virtual Reality ......................................................................................................................... 223
8.15 Augmented Reality ................................................................................................................. 223
8.16 Merged Reality ....................................................................................................................... 224
8.17 Cryptocurrency ....................................................................................................................... 224
8.18 Blockchain Technology ......................................................................................................... 224
8.19 Civic Technology .................................................................................................................... 225
8.20 Internet of Things .................................................................................................................. 225
8.21 General-Purpose Computing on Graphics Processing Units ........................................ 226
8.22 Exocortex ................................................................................................................................ 226
8.23 Li-Fi ........................................................................................................................................... 226
8.24 Machine Translation .............................................................................................................. 227
8.25 Machine Vision ....................................................................................................................... 227
8.26 Quantum Computing ............................................................................................................. 227
8.27 Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) ................................................................................ 227
8.28 Smart Speaker ....................................................................................................................... 228
8.29 Software Defined Radio ....................................................................................................... 228
8.30 Quantum Dots ........................................................................................................................ 228
(viii) Contents
8.31 3D Displays ............................................................................................................................. 230
8.32 Holographic Displays ............................................................................................................ 230
8.33 Lightfield Displays ................................................................................................................. 230
8.34 Screenless Displays ............................................................................................................. 230
8.35 E-Cigarettes ............................................................................................................................ 231
8.36 E-Paper .................................................................................................................................... 231
8.37 Sunway TaihuLight ................................................................................................................. 231
8.38 Bionics ..................................................................................................................................... 232
8.39 Satallite Radio (SiriusXM Satellite Radio) ......................................................................... 232
8.40 Podcasting .............................................................................................................................. 232
8.41 Digital Signage ....................................................................................................................... 232
8.42 Millimeter Wave Technology ................................................................................................ 233
8.43 Bitcoins .................................................................................................................................... 233
8.44 Speech Recognition .............................................................................................................. 234
8.45 QR Codes ................................................................................................................................ 234
8.46 Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyaan ...................................................... 235
8.47 The ICT Development Index (IDI) ........................................................................................ 235
8.48 Internet Readiness Index ..................................................................................................... 236
8.49 Networked Readiness Index ............................................................................................... 236
8.50 Village Knowledge Centers .................................................................................................. 236
8.51 Smart Cities Mission ............................................................................................................ 237
8.52 National eHealth Authority (NeHA) ...................................................................................... 237
8.53 BOSS Linux ............................................................................................................................. 238
8.54 PARAMYUVA-II ......................................................................................................................... 239
8.55 Aadhar ..................................................................................................................................... 239
8.56 Biometrics ............................................................................................................................... 239
8.57 Universal Account Number (UAN) of EPF ......................................................................... 240
8.58 Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) ....................................................... 240
8.59 Gyan Darshan ......................................................................................................................... 240
8.60 NMEICT ..................................................................................................................................... 241
8.61 Unnat Bharat Abhiyan ........................................................................................................... 241
8.62 IT-based Initiative to Control Malaria ................................................................................. 242
8.63 Mahila E-Haat .......................................................................................................................... 242
8.64 E-Laabh .................................................................................................................................... 242
8.65 E-Samiksha ............................................................................................................................. 242
8.66 IAP Health Phone Programme ............................................................................................ 242
8.67 Big Data Initiative ................................................................................................................... 242
8.68 e-VIN ......................................................................................................................................... 243
8.69 Vittiya Saksharata Abhiyan .................................................................................................. 244
Contents (ix)
8.70 Project Loon ........................................................................................................................... 244
8.71 White-Fi .................................................................................................................................... 244
8.72 Net Neutrality .......................................................................................................................... 245
8.73 Cyber Swachhta Kendra ...................................................................................................... 245
8.74 Social Media ........................................................................................................................... 245
8.75 C-DAC ....................................................................................................................................... 246
8.76 e-Pramaan ............................................................................................................................... 247
8.77 National Payment Corporation of India ............................................................................. 248
8.78 CERT-in ..................................................................................................................................... 248
8.79 UN Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Task Force .......................... 248
8.80 Open Technology Centre ...................................................................................................... 249
8.81 Electronic Warehousing Receipts ...................................................................................... 249
8.82 Artificial Leaf .......................................................................................................................... 249
8.83 Nation-wide Hackathon #Opengovdatahack Launched .................................................. 250
8.84 Open Government Data (OGD) Platform ........................................................................... 250
8.85 Cartosat-2 Satellite ................................................................................................................ 250
8.86 Astrosat ................................................................................................................................... 250
8.87 VOLTE ....................................................................................................................................... 251
8.88 Lakshmi ................................................................................................................................... 251
8.89 Bharat Net ............................................................................................................................... 251
8.90 Cyber-Security Index ............................................................................................................. 252
8.91 Project Brainwave ................................................................................................................. 252
8.92 Myfastag and Fastag Partner ............................................................................................. 252
8.93 ISRO’s Telemedicine Network ............................................................................................. 252
8.94 Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya National Mission on Teachers andTeaching (PMMMNMTT) .......................................................................................................... 252
1.1 OVERVIEW OF ICT
1
ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. ICTis defined as the application of technology in processing of informationand communication which includes the use of computers andsoftwares to not only convert and store but also process, transmitand retrieve information. It covers all the products that stores,manipulates and transmit information electronically in a digital form.For example, personal computers, radio, broadband, television, email,web based content repositories, interactive forums, learningmanagement systems, and management information systems etc.are all classified as ICTs.
The term information and communication technology (ICT) is generally accepted to mean all technologies that, combined, allow people and organization to interact in the digital world.
0
DATA
Cloud Computing Software
HardwareInternet Access
Transactions
Communications Technology
10 1
0
ICT
Fig. 1.1: Components of ICT.
National policy on ICT has defined it as all devices, tools, content,resources, forums, and services, digital and those that can beconverted into or delivered through digital forms, which can bedeployed for realising the goals of teaching learning, enhancingaccess to and reach of resources, building of capacities, as wellas management of the educational system. Processes fordigitisation, deployment and management of content, developmentand deployment of platforms and processes for capacity development,and creation of forums for interaction and exchange are parts of ICT.
INSIDE
Overview of ICT
Different Roles of ICT
Applications of ICT
Role of ICT in Various Sectors
Importance of ICT for Civil SocietyOrganizations
Information and CommunicationTechnologies (ICTs) and ChildProtection
2 | INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY GS AND ENGINEERING APTITUDE
1.2 DIFFERENT ROLES OF ICT
Information communication and Technology can beused in various roles for different benefits. Followingare the roles of ICT.
1. Information Browsing
Browsing is defined as ‘an exploratory, informationseeking strategy that depends upon serendipityespecially appropriate for ill-defined problems and forexploring new task domains’. World Wide Web browsersassist a user to quickly access a wide variety ofinformation sources on the Internet which containstextual as well as audio and video resources.
2. Electronic Publishing and Dissemination
Access to online databases, electronic resources, onlineinformation transactions and digitised services can bedone with the help of ICT. Electronic publishing provideswell-defined access to reliable information to variousstakeholders such as academicians, researchers,practitioners and policy makers.
3. Modelling and Simulation
ICTs play a very important role in modelling andsimulation, which are crucial in improving systems’capacities in delivering services. For example, IndianMeteorological Department use various ICTs,supercomputers and software to produce modelsthrough simulation and are thus able to give weatherforecast with accuracy.
4. Online Business and GovernmentTransactions
They are designed to improve the efficiencyand effectiveness of the government’s transactionsthrough the use of ICT and el iminateredundant systems and significantly improve thegovernment’s quality of services for citizens andbusinesses.
They streamline service delivery to citizens,reduce paperwork burdens on businesses andapply the best commercial practices to improvegovernment operating efficiency.
The following are the applications of ICT in OnlineBusiness and Government transactions:
(a) Land records, birth and death certificates canbe procured online.
(b) A person can pay telephone bills, income taxor property tax over internet and save crucialtime in the process.
5. Electronic Conferences
Meetings and conferences provide arenas for dis-semination of information and immediate presen-tation of new results and cutting edge research.However, it involved high transportation cost whichdramatically reduced the potential audience andalso time constraints imposed by meetings oftenconflict with duties.
However, Electronic conferences can offer ex-change of new results and they act as an excel-lent medium for this exchange. The major advan-tages of electronic conferences are their low costand the lack of travel time.
1.3 APPLICATIONS OF ICT
Information and communication technologies can beapplied in variety of ways. These application can becost affective and efficient across different sectors.Following are the application of ICT
1. Data Base
A database is information set with a regular structure.It is usually but not necessarily stored in somemachine-readable format accessed by a computer. Itincludes Relational Data Base Management Systemsand Knowledge Base Expert systems.
(a) Relational Data Base Management Systems(RDBMS)
A relational database management system(RDBMS) is a program that creates, updates, andadministers a relational database.
Databases can be compiled using RDBMS so thatit will be possible to subject the database toqueries for more informed decision-making. Suchsystems can also support forecasting andpredictive models, especially if time series datasets are available for such areas and communities.
The database can form a very valuable resource,especially when it is properly archived with thefacility for retrieval for specific purposes throughwell-designed query interfaces.
(b) Knowledge Base Expert Systems
Knowledge-Based Systems focus on systems thatuse knowledge-based techniques to supporthuman decision-making, learning and action. Themain objective is to make information available todecision makers and technicians, so that they canrespond swiftly with efficient solutions to problems.
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS ROLE | 3
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GS AND ENGINEERING APTITUDE
They can assist supervisors and managers withsituation assessment and long-range planning andenhanced productivity in business, administration,science, engineering, military, etc.
2. Decision Support Systems (DSS)
It is defined as the system that facilitates andenhances a manager’s ability to work multipletypes of knowledge. It also assists decision makersto compile useful information from raw data toidentify and solve problems and make decisions.
They can support operations, f inancialmanagement and strategic decision making.
3. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
According to Encyclopaedia of Earth SystemSciences, GIS is a computer-based system forthe manipulation and analysis of spatial informationin which there is an automated link between thedata and their spatial location.
Computer hardware and software for input,storing, transforming, retrieving, displaying andperforming mathematical operations on digitizedthematic data (e.g. soils, vegetation, hydrology)that have been registered to a common spatialcoordinate system are the components of GIS.
4. Management Information Systems (MIS)
It is the study of the design, implementation,management and use of information technologyapplications in organisations. Peter Keen definesMIS as ‘the effective design, delivery and useof information systems in organisations.’ Itfocuses on providing managers with structuredperiodic reports. Much of the information is fromaccounting and transaction systems.
Corporation
Government
Management Information
Systems
Non-profits
Healthcare
Education
Fig. 1.2: Management Information Systems.
Management Information System in an organizationis defined as the one which takes in both internaland external data and then processes that datainto useful information, which allows managementto take effective decisions to achieve their goals.
In other words, Management Information Systemassists the organisations to summarise, collate andgraph information in order to make decisions. Thus,MIS usually consists of two parts: (a) Computersystems and software that analyze and present dataand (b) Analysts that process the information alongwith understanding what needs to be collected.
1.4 ROLE OF ICT IN VARIOUS SECTORS
ICT finds its role and application in various sectorslike engineering, administration, governance, educationand multiple citizen based services.
Industries
Bussiness
Informationand
CommunicationTechnologyEducation
Agriculture Transport
Fig. 1.3: Role of ICT in Various Areas and Sectors.
1.4.1 ICT and Engineering
Today, in the global world, the ICT application isone of the most important parts of engineeringeducation. Engineers can learn in a defined wayby being shown how to apply the fundamentals ofphysics to actual machines and process that theycan feel and visualize.
Engineering discipline is the creative applicationof scientific innovations, which is always dynamicas new technologies are emerging often inresponse to the human need for development.
The rapid pace of technological advancementgives birth to new disciplines of engineering suchas nanotechnology, mechatronics or computerengineering. Engineering is regarded as the keydriver to the human development.
Thus the development of engineering skills is vitalfor the social and economic development. ICT
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS ROLE | 17
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1. Consider the following statements.
1. Application of ICT in chemical engineeringincludes application designing andmanaging plants, simplifying calculationsand drawings that previously had to bedone manually.
2. Application of ICT in civil engineeringincludes the design of mechanizedsystems such as power and energysystems, aerospace products, weaponsystems, transport product engines, andvacuum technology.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are NOTcorrect?
(a) 2 only (b) 1 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. Consider the following statements related tothe application of Videoconferencing tool inadministration.
1. Video teleconferencing can be used todecide urgent matters in consultation withsenior officers without calling them overfrom their offices inorder to make themaccessible to the people even while beingin a position to confer with other officersin urget matters.
2. It has enabled citizens’ participation indecision-making.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are NOTcorrect?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
3. Consider the following statements about thetools of e-commerce
1. Unstructured Supplementary Service Data(USSD) is a tool of e-commerce whichallows mobile banking using basic featuremobile phone. Internet data is essentialin this service.
2. Micro ATMs is another tool which is usedby Bussiness Correspondents to deliverbanking services.
Which of the following statement(s) given aboveis/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) None of the above
4. Consider the following statements related tothe application of ICT in Service delivery byadministration.1. Qualitative and comprehensive
information is available on departmentalwebsites, especially in local languagesdue to ICT.
2. Public grievances matters pertaining tocivic amenities are not included udner theonline serv ices prov ided by theadministration.
3. ICT enabled single window systemprovides all government services andinformation online on web portal
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) None of the above
5. Which of the following statement(s) is/are theobjectives of ICT in engineering?
1. ICT enables provision of flexible accessto engineering through establishment ofmodern educational environments.
2. It fosters international and cross-sectoralknowledge, expertise and best practiceexchange.
Select the correct code.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) Both 1 and 2
6. Consider the following statements.
1. ICT helps administration perform its publicfunctions by simplifying the workprocesses and internal functioning viainternal computerization and automation,thus fostering transparency andaccountability.
2. ICT also facilitates policy formulationthrough multi-stakeholders participationenabling administration to incorporate theideas and suggestions of professionals,academicians, private sector, civil societyorganizations, media, and individuals inpolicy making.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are NOTcorrect?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Questions
20 | INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY GS AND ENGINEERING APTITUDE
21. Consider the following statements.
1. Computerization of all sections of thegovernment departments has made thesystem efficient in policy making andpolicy implementation and also aids inthe preparation of data repository. But,ICT plays no role in modernizing thecriminal tracking system.
2. Networking enables the governmentdepartments to smoothly transfer files,papers, records, information andnotifications on intranet. It also links stateheadquarters with district and cities andeven the villages forbetter policy making.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are NOTcorrect?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
22. Consider the following statements regardingemploying ICT tools in engineering projects asby current practice :
1. They must, and do, provide a cleareroverview of the project details andinterfaces.
2. They must be capable of sharing ofinformation appropriately.
3. They must help to cut down the overallcost of the project with effectivemonitoring to safeguard against delays.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
1. (a)
2. (d)
3. (b)
4. (c)
5. (d)
6. (d)
7. (b)
8. (a)
9. (d)
10. (a)
11. (a)
12. (b)
13. (c)
14. (c)
15. (c)
16. (c)
17. (a)
18. (c)
19. (b)
20. (c)
ANSWER KEY
21. (a)
22. (d)
