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Off-grid Hydropower Status of Myanmar
The NEP Workshop on Off-Grid Electrification in MyanmarGrand Ball Room, Thingaha Hotel, Nay Pyi Taw
January 28-29, 2015
P G Ajith [email protected]
OutlineVisited Hydro power projectsCategories of hydro power
projectsCharacteristics of Hydro powerTechnical statusHydro power service providersComparison with Sri Lanka off
grid Hydro power
35kW 200 HHPrivate own
200W1 HH
300kW2000> HHESE owned
Mechanical powerSmall industry
runs Private owned
7kW130HHDRD Funded
Unknown power 80 HHDRD funded
Distribution line
300VA voltage stabilizer
Visited Hydro power projects Shan, Chin, Mandalay and
Sagaing states 22 hydro projects visited Capacity range 0.1kW to
1,500kW 6 nos. of service providers
interviewed Individual, community based,
private ,government owned and government funded projects
Categories of hydro power projects
Domestic HPP (06 nos.)◦ 1 – 5 HH◦ <500W power
Village HPP (12 nos.)◦ Upto 100kW◦ Few hundreds HH◦ Private, community and DRD funded◦ Operate by Community or owner
Government (DHPI, ESE) HPP (03 nos.)◦ Upto 1,500kW◦ National grid tariff structure◦ O & M by ESE
Domestic HPPAvailable in Shan and Sagaing
statesLow head turbine technology Unit cost Ks. 500,000 – 800,000Fix in Irrigation channelsOutput power 100W – 400WPowerPal (
http://www.powerpal.com) Canadian design (available upto 75kW)
Water wheel
Domestic HPP…Not required any form of approval/
permissionCan be acquired only well income and
water sources owned familiesOwners may supply electricity for few
neighbors at Ks. 2,000 per bulbOwners use light as well as TV and audio
systemNo significant bad impact on environmentEquipments can be purchased by cash only
Domestic HPP…Monthly O & M cost Ks. 3,000 – 6,000
◦Bearing life span 1 to 3 monthsVery poor power
◦Voltage varies 150V – 260V◦Frequency varies 35Hz – 65Hz◦Not use controller ◦Tube bulb with magnetic ballast and Incandescent
bulb only useReady made (PMG) generator available in
marketTurbine and housing manufacturing by local
technicians
Village HPP Invested by Private entrepreneur, community and
DRD or two of these Capacity range is 3kW to 75kWActual output is less than 50% of the designed
powerLocally manufactured turbines useMonthly energy cost is Ks. 300 to 3,000/= ( one
project15,000)Project implementation cost upto ks250,000 per HHEnergy demand 2 to 5 bulbs, TV Audio systems,
mobile phone and Rice cookerFinancing management not much transparent
Village HPP... Private owned
Started targeting own industry2 projects in Shan state based on
grain crusher, rice mill and oil expeller
One project from Sagaing state based on turbine manufacturing
Owners have technical capacity for O & M
Do not deal with banks
Village HPP... Community basedProject starting
◦ By practicing neighbour village HPP or◦ By encouraging hydro power developer or
manufacturerPer house invest up to Ks. 250,000All advices are taken from developer/
machine suppliersElectricity consumer society run with
mutual understandWritten approval not requiredSocial, financial or technical record are not
maintaining
Village HPP... DRD developedDRD fully funded and contractor
selected by tender callingCapacity less than 20kWO & M by communityBeneficiaries have little aware on
incomeVery poor specification in tender
documents
Village HPP general comment- policy
DRD has been started 100% funded HP development last couple of years
No recording/ registration methods of projects
Local governments have supported for some projects in financing and technically
Monthly charge based on nos. of appliances or fix rate
Village HPP general comment- Social
Over 80% of beneficiaries are farmers and the balance is retails seller, labours(skilled, unskilled)
Businessmen, labours(skilled, unskilled) Monthly energy consumption 4kWh- 75kWhMajor electricity usages are Lighting, Audio/ video,
Phone.(rice cooker) Freely electricity supply for community centres,
School and monasteryProject manage with mutual understand and no record
minutes Project developing and purchasing through a single
person or a company Very poor safety level (not use RCCBs, MCBs or fuses)
Village HPP general comment- Technical
Turbine are not match for the site specification
Not use a control system (fix load/ sluice gate control)very poor quality power (150V- 260V and 35Hz to 70Hz)
Hidden cost to maintain appliancesVoltage stabilizer has to be used with TV and
audio systemProject failure rate is unacceptable level and
maintenance cost is very highOver all efficiency is less than 30% Machines life time is 3 – 10 year
Village HPP....TechnicalLocally made turbinesLittle knowledge on critical aspects
on turbine (speed matching, controlling, bearing selection, finishing or turbine)
Some projects abandoned due to endless failures
Poor workshop facility (very old lathe and drills)
Energy pricingEnergy cost vary Ks. 40 -250 per
kWhEnergy consumption 5kWh to
70kWh per monthMajor electricity demand for 2 to
5 bulbs, TV/ Audio, phone charge , Rice cooker
Government Hydro power projects
DHPI has developed in 1980s and1990s
ESE tariff structure applyCapacity is 200kW to 1500kWImported machineries use11kV transmission line with
multiple nos. Of step down transformers
Regularly fail bearing, generator and electronics components
Government Hydro power ....
Var HPP bearing fail 5 time per year
Laiva HPP diode fail few times per year
Very poor attention on maintenance activities(non of flow controller functioning)
Service providers(Domestic and village HPPs)Hydro power developer
◦Acting as an intermediary linking villagers with equipment suppliers
◦Advice on technical, social and financial aspects
◦Supply all equipment and earn profit◦Contribute for maintenance work
Machine manufacturer◦Manufacture turbines, penstock(steel)
panel board◦Act as a developer also
LCC analysis
Project Actual power
Investment15yrs LCC
@10% discount rate
(ks/kWh)
Capacity cost @ 20yrs (Ks/kW)Amount(Ks) Year
NPV @ 10% discounted
Domestic HPP 0.25 600,000 2014 600,000 220 6,000,000
Pan Oo Tang 25 60,000,000 2002
188,305,703 380 7,900,000
Mong In 1 5,000,000 2014 5,000,000 550 12,000,000
Owe Kong 15 50,000,000 2014 50,000,000 200 6,650,000
Ming In 3 500,000 2014 500,000 860 7,500,000
Laouk Lon 10 10,000,000 2011 13,310,000 376, 4,100,000
35Ks
LCC analysis...By practicing advance technology (use
in developing countries)Energy cost(ks/kWh) can be reduced up to 20% -
50%Capacity cost(Ks/kW) can be reduced upto 20%
to 50% (based on 20years LCC)
Cost variationProject cost increases 20% - 50%Life time increase over 20 years (3 times)O and M cost reduce upto 50%Energy generation increase about 50%
Comparison with Sri Lanka HP
Community based conceptProject implementation cost TechnologyProject O & M expenses
Community based conceptRegistering in local government as a welfare
society(Electricity consumer society, ECS)Main posts of society are adviser, president,
secretary, treasurer and working committeeMaintain minutes of each meetingGeneral meeting calls quarterly and emergency
meeting call to get special occasionsPass the annual budget 20% to 40% project cost is in-kind labour and
materialsAll construction doing by members with
guidance of the developer
Community based..Maintain bank account and monthly
saving depositsTwo of president, secretary and
treasurer have to be present to withdraw money from account
ECS management has to be change annually
Knowledge sharing between ECS
TechnologyDeveloper
◦ Facilitate between villages and all other stakeholder◦ Manage technical, project, social and financial areas
Manufacturer◦ Design and manufacture according to site
specification◦ Install and commissioning◦ Maintenance◦ Mechanical and electrical parts manufacturers
Main components◦ Water intake, Head race, Forebay tank Penstock,
Turbine, Generator, Controller, Distribution panel, Distribution line
Forebay tank
Short wall Trash rack
Flush outsFlush outs
Spill way
Penstock
Forebay tank...
Control system
Controller – ballast load
Project O & M expenses10kW project, 50 HHMonthly income (LKR 300x50)
=15,000($115)Operator salary =
6,000($46)Monthly saving
=9,000($70)Annual saving
=108,000($830)
Thank you
