26 Novemb er 2014 - Fakulti Tamadun I slam, UTM,Johor AL-AHKAM AL-SULTANIYYAH OF AL-QADI ABU YA'LA AND AL- MAWARDI ON THE ISLAMIC SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT: A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIPS AND DIFFERENCES Yu suf Abdul Azeez 270 Abdullahi Saliu Ishola'" Abstract The aim of this paper is to examine and evaluate the relationship between al-Ahkam 01- Sultaniyyab of ai-Qadi Abu Ya'la and al-Mawardi; the two laws of Islamic System of Governmen t that outlinethe legal doctrines fOr political, administrative and military offic es by the tenth century Sbafi'ijurist, al-Mauiardi and Hanbali jurist, ai-Qadi Abu Ya'la . The stt/dy hypo thesises that ai-Qadi Abu Yo 'la s book is almost the same as that of 01- Mau/ardi, even though there are many plac es in whichthe bulk of the word ings of both texts look alike but opinions were a scribed by each writer to diffirent scholars. The study will, ther efo re, critically examine some of the areas of paritiesand disparities in these two books of Islamic System of gove rnmen t with the aim to est ablishing which of the two authors have copiedfrom each otherand to what extent such an act isfound to haven been carried out. Keywords: Al-Abkam ai-Sultaniyyah, ai-Qadi Abu Ya'la. al-Mawardi, Legal doctrines, Islamic S ystem of Government. Introduction The twO authors of al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyyab; ai-Qadi Abu Ya'la (380-458 A.H I 990-1065 C E), and al-Mawardi (364-450 A.H / 974-1058 CE) were conremporary and prominenr jurists in elevenrh cenrury in Iraq. However, the former belongs ro Hanbali Madhhab and rhe lacrer belongs co the Shafi'i Madhha b. They were also known ro belong ro rhe same polirical class wirh the former serving as Qadi of Dar al-Khilafah (Caliphal palace) under Caliph al- Q aim bi Amr Allah (422-467 AH I 1031-1074 C E), from 447 AH / 1055 C E.; a posr he held till his death in 458 A.H / 1065 C.E. 272 Th e latrer was conferred wirh rhe honorific title of a qda al -qudab ( rhe supreme qadt) of Baghd ad by the same Caliph al-Qa 'irn bi Amr Allah in rhe year 429 AH / 1038 C E, rhe post he also held till his death in 450 A.H / 1058 C.E. 273 The main contribution o fb orh rrearises ro Islamic legallirerarure and political thought is their outlin e oflegal docrrine for polirical, administrative and milirary offices. Nim rod Hurvirz is of the opinion that rhese o ffi ces and insritutions had been in existence for hundreds of years, al- 270 Senior Lecturer, Faculty ofIs lamicC ivilization , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). 271 Lecturer, Department of Law, College of Humanities. Management and Social Sciences, Kwara Stare University (KWASU) ,I\il aiere - N igeria. 272 S«: Abu al-H usayn Muhammad ibn al-Qadi Abi Ya'la (d.526 A H), T abaqar a l- Hanabilah, ed. Shams al-D in Abu Abd Allah Muham mad ibn Abd al-Qadir Urhman al-Nablusi (Dimashq: Marba'at .I ·[,Jid.I , 1350 A H ), vol. 2, p. 380·38 1; See also H. A.R. Gibb, ]. H. Krammers and others, The E ncyclopaedia of Islam, (Leiden: E .] . Bri ll, 1979), Volume 1, pa rr A-B, p. 766. 273 See T aj al-D in Abi Nasr Abd .I. Wahhab ibn Ali ibn al-Kaf al-Subki, T abaqat al-Shafi'iyyah al-Kubra, ed. Abd al-Pattah Muhammd al-Hu lw and Mahmud Muhammad al-Tanahi, 2nd edition, (n. pp: Haj ar Ii al-T iba'ah wa al-Nashr wa al-Tawai'i, 14 13 AH 1 1992 CE), Volume 5, pp. 267-271. 351

OFAL-QADIABU YA'LAAND AL MAWARDI ON THE ISLAMIC …eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/61515/1/YusufAbdulAzeez2014... · 273 See Taj al-Din Abi Nasr Abd .I.Wahhab ibn Ali ibn al-Kafal-Subki,

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Page 1: OFAL-QADIABU YA'LAAND AL MAWARDI ON THE ISLAMIC …eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/61515/1/YusufAbdulAzeez2014... · 273 See Taj al-Din Abi Nasr Abd .I.Wahhab ibn Ali ibn al-Kafal-Subki,

26 November 2014- Fakulti Tamadun Islam, UTM,Johor

AL-AHKAMAL-SULTANIYYAH OF AL-QADI ABU YA'LA AND ALMAWARDI ON THE ISLAMIC SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT: A

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIPS ANDDIFFERENCES

YusufAbdul Azeez270

Abdullahi Saliu Ishola'"

Abst ractThe aim ofthis paper is to examine and evaluate the relationship between al-Ahkam 01Sultaniyyab of ai-Qadi Abu Ya'la and al-Mawardi; the two laws of Islamic System ofGovernment that outline the legal doctrines fOr political, administrativeand military officesby the tenth century Sbafi'i jurist, al-Mauiardi and Hanbali jurist, ai-Qadi Abu Ya'la.The stt/dy hypothesises that ai-Qadi Abu Yo 'las book is almost the same as that of01Mau/ardi, even though there are manyplaces in which the bulk of the wordings of bothtexts look alike but opinions were ascribed by each writer to diffirent scholars. The studywill, therefore, critically examine some ofthe areas of parities and disparities in these twobooks of Islamic System of government with the aim to establishing which of the twoauthors have copied from each other and to what extent such an act isfound to haven beencarriedout.Keywords: Al-Abkam ai-Sultaniyyah, ai-Qadi Abu Ya'la. al-Mawardi, Legal doctrines,Islamic System of Government.

IntroductionThe twO authors of al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyyab; ai-Qadi Abu Ya'la (380-458 A.H I 990-1065C E), and al-Mawardi (364-450 A.H / 974- 1058 CE) were conremporary and prominenrjurists in elevenrh cenrury in Iraq. However, the former belongs ro Hanbali Madhhab and rhelacrer belongs co the Shafi'i Madhhab. They were also known ro belong ro rhe same poliricalclass wirh the former serving as Qadi of Dar al-Khilafah (Caliphal palace) under Caliph alQaim bi Amr Allah (422-467 AH I 1031-1074 C E), from 447 AH / 1055 C E.; a posr heheld till his death in 458 A.H / 1065 C.E.272 The latrer was conferred wirh rhe honorific titleof aqda al-qudab ( rhe supreme qadt) of Baghdad by the same Caliph al-Qa 'irn bi Amr Allahin rhe year 429 AH / 1038 C E, rhe post he also held till his death in 450 A.H / 1058 C.E.273

The main contribution ofborh rrearises ro Islamic legallirerarure and political thought is theiroutlin e oflegal docrrine for polirical, administrative and milirary offices. Nim rod Hurvirz is ofthe opinion that rhese offi ces and insritut ions had been in existence for hundred s of years, al-

270 Senior Lecturer, Faculty ofIs lamicC ivilization , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM).271 Lecturer, Department of Law, College of Humanities. Management and Social Sciences, Kwara Stare University(KWASU),I\ilaiere - Nigeria.272 S«: Abu al-H usayn Muhammad ibn al-Qadi Abi Ya'la (d .526 A H ), Tabaqar a l-Hanabilah, ed. Shams al-D in Abu AbdAllah Muham mad ibn Abd al-Qadir Urhman al-Nablusi (Dimashq: Marba 'at .I ·[,Jid.I , 1350 A H ), vol. 2, p. 380·38 1; Seealso H.A.R. Gibb, ].H. Krammers and others, The Encyclopaediaof Islam, (Leiden: E.]. Brill, 1979), Volume 1, parr A-B, p.766.273 See T aj al-D in Abi Nasr Abd .I.Wahhab ibn Ali ibn al-Kaf al-Subki, Tabaqat al-Shafi' iyyah al-Kubra, ed. Abd al-PattahMuhammd al-Hu lw and Mahmud Muhammad al-Tanahi, 2nd edition, (n. pp: Hajar Ii al-T iba'ah wa al-Nashr waal-Tawai'i,14 13 A H 1 1992CE), Volume 5, pp. 267-271.

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