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2016 . ( 11-1492000-000422-01 )
2016. 12.
: :
.
2016. 12.
i
I. 1
1. 1
2. 6
II. 13
1. 13
2. 15
3. 17
III. 20
1. 20
2. 47
3. 71
4. B C 94
IV. 105
V. 117
1 : 150
ii
1. 3 2
2. 24
3. 27
4. 31
5. IARC 32
6. 37
7. 42
8. 48
9. 62
10. 2004-2008 83
11. 2004-2008 83
12. , (2004-2008) 84
13. 86
iii
1. 12
2. 25
I. 1
- 1 -
I .
1.
1)
,
. 2013 7
343 3
14 12
.
. ,
, , ,
. ,
,
.
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.
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2)
2013 7 3
.
. ,
(), 1)
1. 3
I. 3
- 3 -
2)
3) 10 ( 10
, ,
)
. 6 (2 ),
()
. (10 ), -222
( ),
,
.
. (10 ),
. ,
.
. ,
.
. 1 10 ,
. , 10 10
4
- 4 -
10 1
.
.
. 1,3-
.
. (4
)
. B
C
. (X) () , , , , , , , , ,
, , ,
I. 5
- 5 -
3)
(, ) ,
,
.
(, )
,
.
6
- 6 -
2.
1)
.
2013
, , ,
. ,
,
.
2014 ( )
12
.
,
,
.
2015 , ,
, 6,
.
I. 7
- 7 -
, ,
.
2016 ( )
B C ,
.
IARC monograph
,
.
,
.
.
8
- 8 -
.
. , ,
,
.
10
,
.
.
.
I. 9
- 9 -
.
.
.
,
.
10
- 10 -
2)
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
I. 11
- 11 -
.
-
- , ,
-
-
.
-
-
.
-
-
-
12
- 12 -
-
.
2.
II. 13
- 13 -
II.
1.
13. 6.
(: ) 16
1 .
13 , , , ,
, 5
() .
,
.
(10) .
.
.
,
. ,
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
14
- 14 -
.
2014
,
.
.
2015
.
2015 ,
. 2014
.
. 2016
.
II. 15
- 15 -
2.
2016
13 ( ).
: ( , ) : ( , ) ( , )
( , )
( , )
( , )
( , )
( , )
( , )
( , )
( , )
( , )
( , )
1 3
16
- 16 -
,
.
. .
5 : , , 67 : 8 19 : 1 10 27 : 2 11 4 : 12 7 : 3
II. 17
- 17 -
3.
1) (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, PAH)
2016
,
,
.
.
.
2)
2016
.
,
.
.
,
.
18
- 18 -
3)
2016
,
.
.
.
4) B C
2016
,
,
B
C .
,
.
,
.
II. 19
- 19 -
.
20
- 20 -
III.
1.
1)
,
. ,
.
, .
3
,
.
.
,
.
2)
2
III. 21
- 21 -
. ,
,
. (lipophilic property)
.
, , ,
.
, .
, , , , ,
. 1-hydroxypyrene,
. ACGIH
1-hydroxypyrene
.
22 28.
3)
,
(fossil fuel) .
, .
(creosote)
(a)(benzo(a)pyrene)
. , ,
.
.
22
- 22 -
.
.
, , , , ,
, , 8 .
,
,
, .
.
,
.
(Coal gasification)
3
,
. , ,
.
, , ,
. ()
. , ,
III. 23
- 23 -
, .
, , , , , ,
, , .
(Coke production) (Coal-tar distillation)
,
. (coal carbonization)
.
1300C . , ,
.
.
, .
,
, , , , , , ,
.
24
- 24 -
(%)
(H2)
(CH4)
(CO)
(CO2)
(N2)
(O2)
(NH3)
(H2S)
(NH4Cl)
, ,
(CS2)
48-55
28-30
5.0-7.5
1.5-2.5
1.0-3.0
2.5-4.0
0.0-0.5
2.
. , ,
,
. .
.
400C
III. 25
- 25 -
. (chemical oil) (creosote)
. () ,
50% .
, 20-30
.
3.
(Creosote)
,
85%, 2-17% . 19
, , , ,
,
.
26
- 26 -
(Carbon electrode manufacture)
(graphite)
.
, ,
,
.
(Roofing and paving)
(roofing)
.
(bitumen) .
.
. 1965
.
.
. , ,
, , , , ,
.
3 .
III. 27
- 27 -
PAH
(/g)
(/g)
(ppm)
(ppm)
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Chrysene
Perylene
Benzo[a]anthrancene
Benzo[a]fluoranthene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Benzo[g,h,i]perylene
Anthanthrene
Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene
Coronene
0.32-7.3
0.01-0.32
0.1-0.72
0.17-1.5
0.8-3.9
0.04-3.9
0.14-1.1
ND-2.2
0.22-1.8
1.2-5.7
ND-0.11
ND-0.6
ND-0.4
19850-25700
4600-7310
29000-36000
21300-27200
11200-22670
2770-3500
20400-24510
5250-6010
11360-15170
3430-3530
1231-1728
127-164
ND-120
107-842
3.6-2.2
13-32
15-134
33-157
1.7-15
12-40
ND-2.6
2.9-8.5
6.0-15
ND
ND0.5ND-11
2.0-2.5105
0.56-0.76105
0.76-0.92105
0.44-0.55105
0.056-0.11105
119-456
0.059-0.12105
377-1216
553-2022
34-200
9-69
ND-0.6
ND
ND: not detected, below the limit of detection
PAH: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
3.
(Aluminium production)
(eletolysis cell)
, (baked carbon)
. (cathod block) ,
.
28
- 28 -
, (Sderberg anode)
. (steel
casing) .
(Chimney sweeps and other exposures to soot)
,
,
. , , , ,
.
.
60% ,
.
.
.
, , , , ,
, , 8 .
,
III. 29
- 29 -
(Integrated gasification combined cycle, IGCC) .
,
. ,
.
,
.
,
.
1980
1990
, .
,
.
2002 4 10
,
3.44 ./m3
.
50 PAHs ,
34.37/ (15.5996.41/).
30
- 30 -
(2005) 107
120.17/
, 16
naphthalene , acenaphthene, phenanthrene
. (2005)
210250
44 ,
17.5/ (2.6148.4 /), 526.5 /
(112.16311.3/).
24 ,
25.65/,
2.85ng/ (, 2009).
10 .
,
. 130 ng/
,
200 ng/ . 1-50 ng/,
(c,d) 100 ng/ .
20 ng/ , 110ng/
, 310ng/ .
III. 31
- 31 -
Ambient PAHsTotal PAHsNaphthaleneAcenaphthyleneFluorene, AcenaphthenePhenanthreneAnthraceneFluoranthenePyreneBenz(a)anthraceneChryseneBenzo(b)fluorantheneBenzo(k)fluorantheneBenzo(a)pyreneIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyreneDibenz(a,h)anthraceneBenzo(ghi)perylene
3.44 (2.31)1.60 (2.12)1.08 (2.53)0.06 (5.22)0.25 (2.20)0.10 (2.77)0.39 (2.46)0.49
0.03 (2.95)0.04 (2.47)0.02 (5.07)0.03 (1.87)0.07 (2.36)0.01 (3.07)ND
0.01 (1.75)0.19 (2.88)
0.13 (1.84)0.13 (1.84)NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
0.70 (1.91)
4. (GM(GSD), ./m3)
4)
.
32
- 32 -
/
Group 1 (coal gasification) (coke production) (Coal-tar distillation) (Chimney sweep) (Coal-tar pitch) (Paving and Roofing) (Aluminium production) (a)(Benzo(a)pyrene)
, ,
,
Group 2A (Coal-tar pitch) (Paving and Roofing) (Carbon electrode manufacture) (Creosote)cyclopenta[cd]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene,dibenzo[a,l]pyrene
,
5. IARC
5)
(2000-2014)
28,
1.
3.
2009 . 1987
25 , 2004 4
.
2011 . 1979 30
, C
.
2012 . 1988 23
,
III. 33
- 33 -
23 .
3 , 1 (50), 2
. 3 , 49, 51, 59.
,
, . 25, 23, 30.
(2009)
J 25 2009 5
() 4 . J
, ,
. .
J A 1987 7
, , 4 A
.
MSDS , 2004 4
, MSDS
1996 A , [a]
, .
,
. 2001
(PAH) ,
PAH
34
- 34 -
.
J 25
( ), 6
, ,
49
,
, J
.
(2011)
1979 2009 30
. 2010 2011
. 2000
17 , 10
50 .
, 2( 5 )
Q.T(Quenching and tempering), NOR(normailizing),
ISO(Isoannealing) 3 . panel
, . 90 C
LPG 97
LNG .
III. 35
- 35 -
.
.
C ,
.
(2012)
1988 2011
, , . 2011
, CT
. .
1988 2011 23
, , . PAH
1988 6 23 ,
.
1988 2011 23
36
- 36 -
, , .
1988 6 23
,
. ,
.
28 .
III. 37
- 37 -
/ /
2000 /58
10
2001 /58 4 30
2001 /40 , ,
13 ,
2004 /48 , 15
2005 /37 , /
11 15 ,
2005 /57
30 20
2006 /35 4
2007 /53 8 ,
2008 /45 14 6
2008 /53 7 30
2008 /50 ,
27 11
2008 /31 , ,
5.5 ,
6.
38
- 38 -
/ /
2008 /33
6.5 , EBV . .
2009 /50
17 25
2009 /49
25 ,
2009 /54 , 30 10 ,, ,
2009 /50
13 ,
2009 /61 13 15 , , .
2010 /62 40 10 ,
2010 /48
11 23 ,
, PAH
III. 39
- 39 -
/ /
2010 /49
7 20
, PAH ,
2010 /71 , , ,
38 ,
2011 /59 ()
31 50
2011 /49 , 31 5 ,
2011 /49 ()
31 23 ,
, , PAH , ()
2012 /51 , ,
23
2012 /47
, ,
10
40
- 40 -
/ /
2013 /45 (1), , ,
18 1 , PAH
2012 /41 18 PAH (a) PAH
III. 41
- 41 -
6)
,
, , 10
, , ,
10 , , ,
10
.
100 benzo(a)pyrene-years (/myears)
.
42
- 42 -
20( 10)
, , , , , .
30( 10)
,,
(Sderberg) , ,
/ / , ,
30( 10)
,
(Sderberg) , ,
, ,
1985
7.
(Occupational disease 4113) :
100 benzo(a)pyrene-years (/m
years)
III. 43
- 43 -
7)
3
.
.
. (10 )
.
. (10 )
. , , ,
,
.
, , ,
,
.
.
.
44
- 44 -
.
,
, , ,
,
.
.
1)
. (10 )
,
,
, .
.
,
. , ,
,
.
III. 45
- 45 -
. (10 )
,
.
2)
,
, , , ,
(),
,
. ,
,
.
, . ,
,
.
46
- 46 -
, 1990 , 1990
.
.
, ,
.
. , ,
,
.
, group 1
. 3
,
.
.
III. 47
- 47 -
2.
1)
. , ,
(Hevea brasiliensis)
, (latex) .
. 1920
(synthetic rubber)
.
,
.
1) , 2) , 3) , 4) , 5)
, 6) , 7) (Table 1).
(inhalation) (rubber
fume) .
(rubber fume),
N-nitrosamine, PAHs, phthalates, solvents .
48
- 48 -
(Raw material handling, weighing and mixing)
airborne dust
(Milling) (uncured rubber compound) (milling machine)
heat, rubber fume
(extrusion) (calendering)
- (die)
- (calender)
rubber fume
(component assembly and building)
solvent(inhalation or skin contact)
(curing) (vulcanizing)
heat, rubber fume
(inspection and finishing)
heat, rubber fume
(Storage and dispatch)
8.
, , lymphoma, , , , ,
. N-nitrosamine
, PAHs , ,
.
.
20062007
,
.
III. 49
- 49 -
. (rubber
industry) (International Agency for Research on Cancer,
IARC) 1 (group 1) ,
.
.
,
.
50
- 50 -
2)
(HSE)
.
,
.
.
(Health and Safety Executive, HSE)
(cyclohexane soluble material) .
.
,
, , ,
.
(milling),
(extrusion), (calendering), (curing), (vulcanizing), (inspection
and finishing) , (vulcanizing)
. ,
.
III. 51
- 51 -
3)
.
.
(HS Code) 40 (40) , , ,
, , , , ,
, , , , ,
, . 2013
2015 2013 3,084,129,
8,321,428, 2015 2,459,301, 6,842,040
.
2014
17,279, 5 8,205, 5
9,074 .
52
- 52 -
.
, .
.
, ,
, , .
(Mastication, )
, (plasticator)
, .
()
(open roll), (Banbary)
,
.
III. 53
- 53 -
, ,
.
(cord)
. .
(Topping)
, 3
4
.
(friction)
.
54
- 54 -
.
(insulation) (pocket)
.
0.3mm
,
.
(pocket)
2
.
(bead)
(rim)
, .
0.95mm
III. 55
- 55 -
(ply)
.
,
, .
()
.
Autoclave
Press, Bag-o-matic
(bladder)
B.O.M press
.
.
: , , ,
:
56
- 56 -
:
1 :
2 : 2
: 1, 2
:
.
2006
9(
4, ), 6
() , 3
1 0.529-1.871 , 2
0.766-1.551 , 3 1.181-1.803 ,
1.400-2.061 , 1.207-1.670 ,
0.334-3.886 .
120
0.411 (0.020-22.594), 0.111
(0.010-4.699).
NIOSH Method 0500
(Health and Safety Executive, HSE) MDHS(Method
for the Determination of Hazardous Substance) 47/2 .
III. 57
- 57 -
2008 3
()
0.6 , 2008 10
2009 3
0.086 0.179
.
,
.
58
- 58 -
4)
(rubber fume)
, (sufficient evidence)
, (IARC) 1
. , , , (
), (sufficient evidence), , ,
(limited evidence) . ,
, .
rat
, Salmonella typhimurium
.
,
.
. (bladder cancer)
, 1982
(IARC) (sufficient
evidence) 1 (group 1) .
III. 59
- 59 -
, 2012 monograph 100F-36
(sufficient
evidence) .
,
.
. (leukemia)
(IARC) 1982 monograph 28, 2012 monograph 100F-36
(sufficient evidence)
.
.
. (stomach cancer)
(IARC) 1982 monograph 28, 2012 monograph 100F-36
(sufficient evidence)
.
,
.
60
- 60 -
.
.
. (malignant lymphoma, included multiple myeloma)
(IARC) 1982 monograph 28
(limited evidence)
2012 monograph 100F-36
(sufficient evidence) .
(sufficient evidence)
. ( )
.
. (lung cancer)
(IARC) 1982 monograph 28
(suggestive evidence)
2012 monograph 100F-36
(sufficient evidence) .
, (miling), (curing),
(vulcanizing)
III. 61
- 61 -
.
.
. (prostate cancer), (esophageal cancer), (larynx
cancer)
(IARC) 2012 monograph 100F-36
, (limited evidence)
.
.
5)
2000-2015 2005
, , , , , ,
13 , 4
. 4 3 , 1 .
.
62
- 62 -
, () ()
2005 45
(, , , , , )
OO .
PAH,
13 813 8
6
2007 47
3 ,11
(, , )
OO 14
14 14 -
2009 47
(2),
(13)
15
(0.627 mg/m3) 0.6 mg/m3
15 15 -
2012 47
,
,
10 OO
,
PAHs
10 10 -
9.
III. 63
- 63 -
, () ()
2006 53
-
6 10
, , PAH
6 106
1030
2008 31
(8), (7),
(3 4)
5 6
PAH, ,
(
0.6 mg/m3 )
4 7 5 62.5-8
2008 48
11 9
, ,
11 911 9
2008 44
GIP (2
6) (5)
GIP
, ,
7 6 1320
64
- 64 -
, () ()
2009 50
(10 )
, (12)
22
( )
( 0.6 mg/m3
)
22 22 20
2009 59
GIP(1-2),
14 4
, ,
14 414 4
30
2010 48
11
4 , PAH,
3
11 11 40
2011 49
2 11, 9 9, 6
6, 11 7
30
, , , PAH,
,
30 3015-30
III. 65
- 65 -
, () ()
2012 53
23 , 4
27
, , PAH, , 1,3-,
27 27 -
66
- 66 -
6)
,
.
,
.
.
2005 (the
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health; COSHH) the Carcinogens
Approved Code of Practice (carcinogen) .
(MEL) 8
0.6 , 6.0 . 1987
0.75 1991 0.6 .
1987 8.0 1995 6.0
. 2005 (WEL)
6.0 , 0.6 .
.
ACGIH (Association Advancing Occupational and Environmental
Health), NIOSH (CDC - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and
III. 67
- 67 -
Health) AIHA (American Industrial Hygiene Association), MAK
(Maximum Allowable Concentration), JSOH (Japan Society of
Occupational Health), OEL (Occupational Exposure
Limits)
.
7)
(IARC) 1 ,
, , , ( ),
, , ,
. (NTP),
(EPA), (ACGIH)
,
.
,
,
.
8)
.
68
- 68 -
.
, , , ( ),
, , ( ),
.
, , ,
.
,
.
.
, ,
.
.
III. 69
- 69 -
(sufficient evidence)
, , , ( ), ,
(limited evidence) , ,
. , , ( ),
.
,
, ,
.
2000
,
.
,
.
Sorahan, Carreon
20 .
70
- 70 -
, Sathiakumar
10
.
Vlaanderen 30
.
.
(genotoxic effect)
.
(weighing and mixing), (milling) , (curing) (vulcanizing)
,
.
III. 71
- 71 -
3.
. 2
. 2013
.
, .
.
,
.
1)
. IARC
, DNA
-
,
(Group 1) . ACGIH A2
. US EPA (Probable human carcinogen)
.
72
- 72 -
14
.
.
. 2008 IARC1)
.
(NIOSH) (food spices)
14 18000
.2)3)
,
.
, IARC
.
NIOSH
.
.
.
. NIOSH
1) IARC (2008). 1,3-Butadiene, ethylene oxide and vinyl halides (vinyl fluoride, vinyl chloride and vinylbromide). IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum, 97:1.510. PMID: 20232717.
2) Steenland K, Stayner L, Greife A et al. (1991). Mortality among workers exposed to ethylene oxide.N Engl J Med, 324: 1402.1407. PMID:2020295
3) Stayner L, Steenland K, Greife A et al. (1993). Exposure response analysis of cancer mortality in acohort of workers exposed to ethylene oxide. Am J Epidemiol, 138: 787.798. PMID:8237967
III. 73
- 73 -
.
-
.
.
.
2)
2008 IARC , ,
, 1
.
IARC(2008) (, , ,
)
.
. (, , )
IARC
14
. 10
74
- 74 -
1999 . 2
.
. 2008 IARC
(NIOSH)
14 18,000
. ,
.
. IARC 2008
.
.
.
.
2008 IARC 4
. NIOSH
.
III. 75
- 75 -
3 NIOSH
.
60% .
NIOSH
.
- . 1
.
.
. ,
(IARC 2008).
3)
ACGIH 8 1.0 ppm ,
NIOSH 5 ppm 10 8 0.1
ppm . OHSA 1984 TLV-TWA 1 ppm
, 1992 1 ppm
76
- 76 -
.
4)
IARC(1994)
(> 8,500 ppm-days)
( 124; 95% CI, 66-213;
13). 1 ppm(1.8 mg/m3) 45 ,
rate ratio 1.2 .
526,212 1.37-2.77
ppm 40
0.0004 .
NIOSH
(> 11,620 ppmdays, 15-year lag, OR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.123.10)
5)
10
.
III. 77
- 77 -
6)
78
- 78 -
.
, , , ,
, , , , , , , , , , ,
.
4).
, ,
, , , , , 1,2-
, , , ,
,
.
4) Considine, G. D. et al., "ETHYLENE OXIDE", Van Nostrand's encyclopedia of chemistry, 5th edition,Hoboken: Wiley-Interscience, 2005, p. 590.
III. 79
- 79 -
1 .
, ,
. , , , ,
, ,
, . ,
.
. ,
. 2%
.
()
,
,
.
.
.
()
.
.
80
- 80 -
5) ()
()
.
.
()
6), (5~6) 160~170, 15~21
. ,
, 7).
.
(, )
()
(: )
5) 200400 , 600 , 1000 , 3000 . 4400 ( ). . AlZnMg , .
6) , , . (distillation) . . .
7) -, ( 9~10%, 2~3%), , .
III. 81
- 81 -
8).
.
()
(PAG) ()
,
.
, , 9).
.
( 10))()
.
.
11)(Acrylonitrile, AN)
8) . 0 , -20 .
9) . - . .
10) , , . .
11) (, ) (NBR), ABS,AS, , , , , .
82
- 82 -
, .
,
.
12)()
-
,
.13)
,
.
.
.
1 ppm
3.04 ppm ,
11.4 ppm 14)15).
12) 5ppm 1ppm . , .
13) , , , , , . , , , . . , ( , 1995; Hori,2002).
III. 83
- 83 -
2004-2008 2
.
[ 10] .
: . . . 2010
[ 11]
. ND
, ,
, . ND DB
[ 12]16).
14) Jeong MH, Lee YW. Hematologic Effects in Workers Exposed to Ethylene Oxide. J Korean PublicHealth Assoc 1997; 23: 117-127.
15) Seo SO, Paik NW. A Study on Worker Exposure to Ethylene Oxide in Central Sterilizing Room ofHospital. Korean Indust Hygiene Assoc J 1995; 5: 68-86.
16) . . . 2010
2004 0/16(0%)
2005 87/350(24.9%
11. 2004-2008
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 5
162 27 59 213 266 294
/
/86 27 37 178 259 294
+ 3 - 1 8 10 11
, 7 - - 8 11 18
1 - - 5 9 10
259 54 97 412 555 627
10. 2004-2008
84
- 84 -
: : ( ) : 87(2005), 317(2006), 450(2007),
618(2008) : 2( 13)
[ 12] . 3,537
17(0.48%) (-1.54ppm; range 1-18.2 ppm).
2007-2008
8hr-TWA
, 8 (1 ppm) 18
.
1 ppm
3.04 ppm ,
11.4 ppm .
, ,
.
1995 17)
2006 317/810(39.1%)
2007 450/1188(37.9%)
2008 618/1173(52.7%)
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
16 226 546 772(9) 720(9)
// - 90 234 374 398
+ - 9 11 15 23
, - 1 - 2 3
- - - 1 1
12. , (2004-2008)
III. 85
- 85 -
5
0.177ppm,
0.038ppm, 0.363ppm,
0.676ppm TWA >0.005ppm~3.036ppm,
>0.005ppm~0.419ppm .
(15) (STEL)
0.005~11.4ppm .
1997 18) 4
34 (TWA) 0.72ppm
0.75, 9 TLV-TWA 1ppm .
1998 19) 4
TLV-TWA 0.000-1.900 ppm
. 1998 20) 4 27
TLV-TWA 0.63ppm
0.82 1ppm 6 (22%). 2002 21)
EO
~0.577ppm, 1 OSHA
5ppm . 2008 22)
12kg/ 1~1 30
. 2
17) , . Ethylene Oxide . 1995; 5(1)
18) , . Ethylene Oxide . 1997; 23(2), 117-12719) . Ethyoene Oxide .
1998;10(4):428-43720) . Ethylene oxide . 1998;10(3):301-30921) . . [] . 200222) , , , . .
. 2008;34(1), 68-79
86
- 86 -
TLV-TWA 0.38ppm,
0.01ppm . 2010
23) 2004
2008 DB
ND 2004 0% 2005 24.9%, 2006 39.1%, 2007
37.9%, 2008 52.7% ,
. DB
3,537 17(0.48%) ( - 1.54ppm
; range 1-18.2ppm) , ND
0.027ppm(n=2351) . ND
2007-2008
(ND 1,314, 1,293 ) .
least squared means
0.021ppm 0.055ppm
. 5
. TWA 0.002(0.0002-0.0708)ppm,
TWA 0.01(0.0002- 0.7258) ppm, STEL 0.2(0.0036-59.2478)ppm
. [ 11] .
23) , , , , , . . 2010
()
1 9 9 5
5
5 0.177 (>0.005-0.848)
2 0.038 (>0.005-0.291)
3 0.363 (>0.005-8.692)
4 0.676 (0.240-4.077)
TWA
5 0.078 (>0.005-3.036)
? 0.031 (>0.005-0.419)
13. ( : ppm)
III. 87
- 87 -
* , , , , , , ,
*
, , ,
7)
. EO
2011 7 () '
' 24).
STEL
5 1.2 (0.005-11.4)
1 9 9 7
4
TWA 34 0.720.75 (0.12-1.23)
1 9 9 8
, 4
TWA
A 3 0.724 (0.099-1.900)
B 3 0.002 (0.000-0.005)
C 3 0.020 (0.005-0.036)
D 2 1.022 (0.266-1.778)
1 9 9 8
4
TWA 27 0.630.82
2 0 0 2
TWA ? N.D-0.577
2 0 0 8
1 TWA
2 0.380 (0.345-0.419)
TWA
2 0.01 (0.002-0.075)
2 0 1 0
2004-2008 DB
TWA*()
17 1.54(1-18.2)
2007-2008 DB
TWA
1293
0.055(95% CI 0.042-0.072)
0.021(95% CI 0.018-0.024)
5
TWA
171 0.002(0.0002-0.0708)
91 0.0458 0.01(0.0002-0.7258)
STEL 20 0.2(0.0036-59.2478)
88
- 88 -
. 1988 22
.
.
.
1 ,
.
(IARC) 1 ,
.
. 2009
( ) ,
. "
" "
" .
.
2005 2014 OO
, , . 2014 6
24) . (EO) , , 2011.07.29http://www.labortoday.co.kr/news/view.asp?arId=105571
http://www.labortoday.co.kr/news/view.asp?arId=105571III. 89
- 89 -
OO ,
2014 7 9
, 2014 7 11 .
2015 5 14
2015 5 25 . 10
(Ethylene oxide, EO)
2015 7 2
.
OO 3
. 2005 1 28
2014 8 1 9 6 OO .
.
OO 2005 1 28 2014
8 1 9 6 OO ,
,
. 9~18, 9~13.
,
.
, , ,
.
() OO
90
- 90 -
, .
2015 0.36ppm
,
0.355ppm X 9.5=3.373ppm-year.
. 2015 ( 0.0151-0.1ppm,
0.049ppm) 0.049ppm X
9.5year=0.466ppm-year(932 ppm-hr) .
9.5
(4.8~33.6mSv) X 9.5=45.6 mSv( )~319.2mSv (
) .
OO 10
.
.
OO
, 10
.
.
8)
III. 91
- 91 -
2013 [ 3]
(343 ) 10. .
.
.
,
. .
2013
.
.
,
.
: , ,
.
92
- 92 -
10
.
- 2
.
.
.
.
ACGIH 8 1.0 ppm ,
NIOSH 5 ppm 10 8 0.1
ppm . OHSA 1984 TLV-TWA 1 ppm
, 1992 1 ppm
.
IARC(1994)
III. 93
- 93 -
(> 8,500 ppm-days)
(SMR 124; 95% CI, 66-213; 13). ,
NIOSH (2004)
>13,500 ppm-days 3.76(1.03-13.64)
(p-trend = 0.13). 1 ppm(1.8 mg/m3) 45
, rate ratio 1.2
. 526,212
1.37-2.77 ppm 40
0.0004 .
NIOSH
(> 11,620 ppmdays, 15-year lag, OR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.123.10)
. ,
. ,
.
94
- 94 -
4. B C
1)
2013 7
.
, ,
. IARC 1
B (HBV) C (HCV)
.
2)
HBV B
.
1~5% . HBV
.
HBV
, 90%, 50%, 20%,
5% . HBV 3~10%
, HBV e 22~31% .
HCV ,
. C 70~80%
III. 95
- 95 -
C 20% 5~10%
. HCV 100%
70~80% .
3)
74.2% HBV (HBsAg), 8.6% HCV
, 6.9% (, 2016). HBV
B
HBsAg 1983 HBV
12% 1998 4.5%, 2005 3.7%
(Jeong et al, 2008). C
.
C
. HCV 1989
1992 HCV ,
HCV
. HCV HCV 5%
. 40 HCV 40
1.3% , 19
60 .
HCV 1.8%
(CDC, 1998).
, 200
96
- 96 -
, B C 40%
. 1998 2004
307 14% .
4)
HBV HCV
2011 IARC Group 1
. HBV HCV
, ,
. HBV HCV
.
.
IARC 1994 monograph #59 2011 monograph #100b HBV
HCV
(Group 1) . NTP
(Known to be a human carcinogen) HBV 2003, HCV 2002
. EPA EU CLP
, 008,2015) . ACGIH
A2 (2007).
,
- .
III. 97
- 97 -
.
HBsAg HBsAg
100 (Beasley et al., 1981),
HBV 9.6(95%CI
6.0-15.2)(Yang et al, 2002).
74(95%CI 45-121)
, HCV
161(95%CI 46-557) (Tanaka et al, 2004). HBV
B HBV
(Chang et al, 1997),
(Lee et al, 1998). IARC 8 HCV
2.5 ,
.
B HBV
,
,
. HBsAg (Okuda et al.,
1980) HBV (Buyaratvej et al., 1979; Suwangool
et al., 1979) . ,
, , , HBsAg
1.1~2.8% (Viola et al., 1972; Al-Sarraf et
al., 1973). 7%(5)
HBsAg (Hohenberger, 1985). Planes(1976)
,
98
- 98 -
, HBV
. HBV
,
(Mikhailov et al., 1986; Pontisso et al., 1987; Jackowska et al,,
1990). HBV
.
HCV
. HIV
HCV 2
, B
(Duberg et al, 2005).
1359 HCV
1.28 (Giordano et al,
2007). HCV
(Matsuo et al, 2004; Dal Maso & Faranceschi,
2006), 20 ,
,
. 37
80% HCV
B 2
.
,
. 13 5 , 15
24 . SEER
HCV 1.35(95%CI 1.1-1.7,
N=33940)(Anderson et al., 2008).
III. 99
- 99 -
1,465 B pooled 1.5(95%CI
0.95-2.2)(Nieters et al, 2006), , , ,
7 pooled
(OR, 1.8; 95%CI 1.4-2.3)(de Sanjose et al.,
2008). 2 B
B HCV
(Engles et al., 2004;
Talamini et al., 2004), IARC HCV
, HCV
(De vita et al., 1998) ,
HCV
HCV .
5)
, 200
, B C 40%
. 2006 2011
1,062 5.2% (Myong
et al, 2010).
6)
100
- 100 -
2015 ILO (revised 2010) agent 9
Hepatitis viruses . A, B, C,
D E (RG 45)
. 2014 12 22 (BKV)
,
[(3101) ,
,
]
. (ODIN)
.
CAREX HBV HCV
IARC
.
1995-6 ACGIH 15 EU TWA STEL
.
EU HBV HCV
,
. HBV HCV
IARC 10
European Directive 2000/54/EC
.
EU HBV HCV
III. 101
- 101 -
.
.
, Eurostat
2001 EU 12 B 10 , C 146
(Karjalainen and Niederlander, 2004).
7)
HBV HCV
20
. HBsAg HCV
, IARC
HBV (Chronic infection with HBV) HCV (Chronic
infection with HCV) . ,
,
.
40 .
.
.
102
- 102 -
HBV HCV
, HCV
, HBV
(Positive association) .
HBV HCV .
8)
:
: HBV HCV
, HBV HCV
.
:HCV
, HCV
.
III. 103
- 103 -
, .B
, HBsAg HBeAg , HBV DNA
, ALT , HBe
HBeAg B
. HBe
HBeAg B
.
. HBV
,
HBsAg , HBeAg HBe , HBV DNA
ALT .
5%
(Chen et al. 2007a).
C
(Mendenhall et al., 1991; Mondelli & Colombo, 1991).
HCV HCV DNA
C .
104
- 104 -
IV. 105
- 105 -
IV .
2013 ()
, . 2014
,
, 2015 , 6 ,
. 2016 , , B C
, .
4
.
.
,
,
.
106
- 106 -
1)
,
, .
.
,
.
3
.
.
group 1
, , ,
, .
,
. ,
. (10 )
.
. (10 )
IV. 107
- 107 -
,
.
,
. ,
,
.
group 1
, ,
, .
,
,
.
.
1) (10 )
,
, ,
.
108
- 108 -
2)
,
. , ,
,
.
3) (10 )
,
.
2)
.
.
.
IV. 109
- 109 -
, , , ( ),
, , ( ),
.
, , ,
.
,
.
.
, ,
.
.
110
- 110 -
(sufficient evidence)
, , , ( ), ,
(limited evidence) , ,
. , , ( ),
.
,
, ,
.
2000
,
.
,
.
Sorahan, Carreon
20 .
IV. 111
- 111 -
, Sathiakumar
10
.
Vlaanderen 30
.
.
(genotoxic effect)
.
(weighing and mixing), (milling) , (curing) (vulcanizing)
,
.
112
- 112 -
3)
2013 [ 3]
(343 ) 10. .
.
.
,
. .
2013
.
.
,
.
: , ,
IV. 113
- 113 -
.
10
.
- 2
.
.
.
.
ACGIH 8 1.0 ppm ,
NIOSH 5 ppm 10 8 0.1
ppm . OHSA 1984 TLV-TWA 1 ppm
, 1992 1 ppm
.
114
- 114 -
IARC(1994)
(> 8,500 ppm-days)
(SMR 124; 95% CI, 66-213; 13). ,
NIOSH (2004)
>13,500 ppm-days 3.76(1.03-13.64)
(p-trend = 0.13). 1 ppm(1.8 mg/m3) 45
, rate ratio 1.2
. 526,212
1.37-2.77 ppm 40
0.0004 .
NIOSH
(> 11,620 ppmdays, 15-year lag, OR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.123.10)
. ,
. ,
.
IV. 115
- 115 -
4) B C
B
C
. ,
.
.
HBV HCV
,
HBV HCV
.
.
HCV
,
HCV
.
, .B
116
- 116 -
, HBsAg HBeAg , HBV DNA
, ALT , HBe
HBeAg B
. HBe
HBeAg B
.
. HBV
,
HBsAg , HBeAg HBe , HBV DNA
ALT .
5%
(Chen et al. 2007a).
C
(Mendenhall et al., 1991; Mondelli & Colombo, 1991).
HCV HCV DNA
C .
V. 117
- 117 -
V .
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