2006 , - .. 141 104 46 .: 210 8627 598: 210 8627 189e-mail:
[email protected] , - DEA , , , MSc , , , , MSc , , PhD , , , MSc , , ,
, , , - LIBRIS-TECH A.E. 6 & 15125 . 210 6875314email:
[email protected]: 978-960-89568-0-3 2006 .. , , .H . - 5.1:
. 75% ( : 200397530136) . , , .H , , , (), , - . , . - , : - . : 1.
- (...)2. , , . 3. , - . - , , , , -. ( checklists)4. -- , - . ( -
). , () - ( -, ), , , . , -, . , , , ., : . /, . /, . . , . . /, .
. /, ... , , . 111.1 211.2 - 221.2.1 241.3 272.1 292.1.1 292.1.2
292.1.3 302.1.4 312.1.5 312.2 322.3 332.4 342.5 362.6 363.1 393.2
413.3 42 1. 2. 3. 3929214.1 1 : 434.2 2 : 454.3 3 : (D.O.) 474.3.1
474.3.2 484.4 4 : 494.5 5 : 514.6 6 : - 535.1 56 56 575.2 59
(solids washout) 59 (bulking sludge) 61 (rising sludge) 64 (ashing)
65 (pinpoint flocs) 66 (straggler flocs) 67 (cloudy effluent) 675.3
686.1 - 706.2 - 716.3 716.4 756.5 786.6 79 4. 5. 6. 69 6955437.1
827.2 867.3 888.1 918.2 928.3 958.4 978.5 988.6 988.7 - 998.8 998.9
1008.10 1038.11 1048.12 (UV SYSTEM) 1058.13 1068.14 1078.15 1088.16
/ 1118.17 1129.1 1139.2 1159.3 1189.4 1199.5 1209.6 1219.7 122 7. /
8. 9. 113918110.1 12610.2 12710.3 135 1. (BODs) 136 2. (SS) 137 3.
NH+4 138 4. , N-3 13910.4 - (CHECKLISTS) 1401. 1412. 1523. 1564.
1605. 1626. 1687. 1708. 1759. pH, 17710. 17811. 17912. 18013. 181
183 10. 125 .. 01-12-2005, , , ... . : - . 75% ( : 200397530136).
(). () - () - , , - , . ) . , - . ., ( ), . 1. 11 .. 2.000 ..
>2.000 .. F/M COD: ( BOD ).(F:M)COD=_(F : M)BOD_BOD : COD F/M
0,2 - 0,5 (d-1) 0,1 (d-1) F/M, , .50 (MCRT) ::M = + = (MLSS x VR) +
(TSSx V) M = + = (SSWx QW) + (TSSx Q) : - (.. ) - - . : , . (SRT C)
. , -, . F:M MCRT, : F:M, BOD. MCRT, . , . , - , -, . MCRT (d) 5-15
8-20 15-100 20-30MCRT=(MLSS x VR) + (TSSx V)(TSSWx QW) + (TSSx
Q)SRT=(MLSS x VR)(TSSWx QW) + (TSSx Q)MCRT=_________M
[kg]__________M [kg/d]_QTSSBOD (RAS)
(WAS)QTSSQ+QRMLSSMLVSSQRTSSRQWTSSWVRVBBTSSBB 4.5 5 : , . , . , .51
(RAS): , . : . : , - 25 - 50% 30-40%. , 100-150% .: . MLSS (Q+ QR)
= TSSQ+ TSSWQW+ TSSRQRLSS = Q= TSS= ( ) Q= ( ) TSSw= Qw= TSSR= , .
, , - . : , . : , .QTSSBOD (RAS)
(WAS)QTSSQ+QRMLSSMLVSSQRTSSRQWTSSWVRVBBTSSBB QR=(MLSS x Q) - (TSSx
Q) - (TSSWx QW)(TSSR- MLSS)52 () (SLR): . : 170 kg/ (m2.d).: Q= QR=
LSS = C= - - , - . , , 0,15-0,9 m . , . , 1-3 . , 0,3 - 0,6
m.SLR=MLSS (Q+ QR)C4.6 6 : - , : , .53 : : (.. , ..), , pH , , . :
, . , (filaments). , . , . . , , , ( ). (Nocardia Microthrix
parvicella) . Nocardia, . : , pH (, ) pH ( 8,5) - BOD , - . , - - .
: 4kg Cl2/ 1.000 kg MLVSS/ 2kg Cl2/1.000 kg MLVSS/ . = MLVSSx
MLVSS= CMLVSSx VR Nocardia C< 1 ( ) . , , , . , : : , ( shock) -
-, (.. , ). , , : 1. (SRT - ,F:M ( ), SVI, ( ) RAS ( -), WAS ( ),
MLSS ( ), ).2. (DO, BOD, TSS, , ).3. . 4. , . 55 5. (RAS) (WAS) 5.1
56 : , . , . - :~ ,~ ( ), ~ . :~ . : . . ( ). . . - , ( ) . (.. ).
. : ( -, - ). , . : , , . , , , . - , . . . .57 , 10-25% . : F : M(
BOD / MLSS) - F:M, - , . . . . - . . BOD:N:P 10:5:1. pH pH 6,5-8,5
. : N , pH.N pH. : pH. : pH. . MLSS : . . . : (shock hydraulic
load) . (solids washout). . .: (RAS) . (WAS). ( ) , MLSS , F:M.: .
0,3 - 0,9m .58 , . . : . : . , , : F : M Nocardia ( BOD / MLSS) - (
) Nocardia F:M. - (WAS), - F:M. :N - ( Nocardia).N ( ). . F:M. . :
. (WAS) . . , : . .. .5.2 59 (SOLIDS WASHOUT) ( ). : .: , . : - . :
. .: . , . . . . , . . . : (, ). . : . (m3/m2.h) . : .60 . : > :
. . . . : (RAS) .. 20%. : ( , UV, ). : . : . , 2-4C . : . : . . . A
, . (WAS) , : F:M (SRT) (RAS) .H H 61 (ULKING) : . : . . SVI ( ) .
R R (DO) Sphaerotilus natans . , , , . , , : , , . - - . - , , .
F:M > 4 , F:M. (WAS) , F:M . OUR MLSSNNN4N~ DO- 1.0 mg/L62 F:M -
Microthrix parvicella Nocardia . (SRT) Nocardia. : ( WAS)
Thiothrix. , . : , , .. . pH Microthrix parvicella Nocardia. , pH.
, .: , (NaOH), (NaHCO3) Ca(OH)2. , , . , . 2-4 , - . . , , . : , ,
, .H BOD, N, P Fe 100:5:1:0,5 .pH < 6,5pH > 8,5pH - }63 - (..
o Microthrix parvicella) . , :1 , 1 . . , . 4kgCl2/ 1.000 kg MLVSS
( ). 10% , . 72 . , . SVI . : ( ). . . : , . , pH, 6,5 - . , - , .
. (jar tests). , . : Na2Al2O4- M+2SO4. M3+2(SO4)3.24H2O- M+: a+,
K+, NH4+, Li+ M3+: (Al3+, Cr3+, Fe3+) FeCl3- , . ( -batch- ).64
(RISING SLUDGE): . , .: , . : . : : , (SRT), BOD. F:M, . , , F:M. :
. ( ) . , . : . . , .= : (RAS) - , , (WAS), . , , . . : (WAS) F:M.
, 20-30% . ( ). 2 5mg/L, 20-30%. , .Y Y 65X (ASHING): E . , ( SRT).
: . F:M . . . . . , ( ), . , . : (WAS), 10% F:M : ( ) ( )66
(PINPOINT FLOC): E , , , . , . : F:M , . , . . . . , ( ), . ( )
(WAS) , , 67X (STRAGGLER FLOC): E , , , 3-6 mm. : , . : , , . : ,
(RAS) (WAS) . (CLOUDY EFFLUENT): . : : : F : M (, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb,
Ni, Zn, As,Hg, Ag ..) F:M D.O. : : F:M, : F:M > F:M (WAS) (RAS)
. BOD F:M F:M WAS RAS (WAS) : }YYY68 : - - : , : pH. . . . ( pH) :
, , , . : , 20%, 2-3 SRTs( ), , , . , . , . . :R MLSS (.. - WAS). .
: R MLSS (.. - WAS).R , . , : ( WAS), , . , .:R MLSS ( - - WAS -
RAS). - , . , , . 6-1. : , , . : . : , ( , ) , , - . : , , .69 :
91/271/ : 5673/400/1997 ( .)BOD5, COD , P : . ( ). - . 6-3. : . (
). ( ). . (.. F:M, SVI, c, MLSS,MLVSS, DO, WAS, RAS ..). 6.6.1 - ,
, 5673/400 (192/ 14-3-1997) 91/271 - . , , , : 6-2. 91/271/
5673/400/97(1) .(2) TOC ( ) TOD ( ) BOD5.(3) ., O 91/271/:70 (1)
(BOD5 20oC) (2)25 mg/l O270 - 90 , , 20C 1C . . (COD)125 mg/l O275
, , - . (TSS)35 mg/l (3)( 10.000 ..)60 mg/l(2.000 - 10.000
..)90(3)( 10.000 ..)70 mg/l(2.000 - 10.000 ..) 0,45 m. 105oC . ( 5
, 2.800 - 3.200 g). 105oC . 2 mg/l P(10.000 - 100.000 ..)1 mg/l P(
100.000 ..)80 15 mg/l N(10.000 - 100.000 ..)10 mg/l N( 100.000
..)70 - 80 . . 2.000 - 9.999 .. 12 .4 4 , 12 .10.000 - 19.999 .. 12
50.000 .. 24 6.2 E- , . , , (, , , ..). , 91/271/ 6-3. .6.3 - 6-4 ,
- , , . , - . - , . , , , - .71BOD5 ( 80%) / 100ml COD 2h Imhoff
/ml SS TN - Kjeldahl NO2- N / 100ml NO3- N pH NH4- N ( 1:20 10.)
6-4. , .72 (WAS) m3/ dx x x xSS mg/ L x xBOD mg/ L x x xCOD mg/ L x
x xD.O. mg/ L x xNH4- N mg/ L x xNO3- N mg/ L x x x NO2- N mg/ L x
xTKN mg/ L x x mg/ L x x oSiemensx x oCxpH - x x x x m x MLSS mg/ L
x xSVI d xF/M d-1x /x m3x SS VSS F/M (KgBOD/ KgMLSS/ ) . . ( ) ,
.73 () BOD5 COD . , COD BOD5 , . , BOD5 COD , . BOD5 COD . . 1 2
mg/l. 2 mg/l . . . , . , .NH4+ , , ( ).NO3- , , ( ). . , . BOD : :
= 100 : 5 : 1. - .pH . 6-9, , . , pH 7. , . .MLSS F/M - .74 () SVI
(Sludge Volume Index) . (ml) 1 gr 30 min. SVI . SVI 150 , . F:M .
(MLVSS- ) BOD ( ) . . , , pH, . - . . . - , , . , BOD5 .6.4 , , . -
, , . , 6.5 6.6. 6-1. . 6-2. .7576 6-5. [: . , . ]. , / - - 1 : (
/) - 2 : (
/)1234567891011121314151617SS++++++++++VSS++++++COD++++BOD++++NH4-N++++NO3-N++TKN++PO4-P++++PH++++++REDOX++++++++DO+
++ SVI+ + + + ( )++++++KWH+/+++ 2127122111323127177 6-6. [: . , . ]
, / - 1 : ( /) - 2 : (
/)12345678910111213141516171819202122SS+++++++++++VSS+++++++COD++++BOD++++NH4-N++++NO3-N++TKN++PO4-P++++PH+++++++REDOX++++++++++DO+
++ ++SVI+ + + +++++++++KWH+/++++ 2 1 1 721 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1
3 1 2 7 6.5 78 , . . . ( ) . , . . , , . : . . : , , 8-, 12- 24-. ,
, . . . , . , . , , ( ), ( pH) ( ) . , pH . . . .6.5
StandardMethods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.79
:BOD5CODSSMLSSMLVSSTSVI DSVIpH D.O. (SOUR) . , , : , , , - . , . ,
100.000 , , 100.000 10.000 , 2.000 10.000 . , , :1. , .2. , .3. ,
.4. , / .5. , . , .81 7.7.1 82 . 2 . , , . . : , . : . , . : , . -
, , , . :1. .2. , . 3. . . . .4. . . / 1 12 4 x 2 83 4 x 2 84 15 16
17 28 19 4 1 24 835. , .6. .7. .8. , .9. , : . . .10. , . , - , .
:1. .2. .3. .4. .5. .6. .7. , .8. , .9. , , .10. / .- , , : :1. .2.
, .3. .4. .5. . 6. .7. , .8. , .9. , , , .10. / .11. , . . :1. , ,
(D, COD , SS, NH4-N, NO3-N, , ..).2. , , .843. , , , , .4. SCADA (
), , , ..5. , , , .6. , , , , ..7. .8. SCADA ( ) .9. .10. , .11. .
12. .13. .14. , .15. .16. .CHECK LIST 1. : 2. : ( , ,)3. : , 4. .5.
6. 7. (, , ..) 8. ( ) ..9. 10. ( )11. - 12. 13. , 85 :1. (, , , ..)
.2. , .3. .4. .5. , .6. ( ).7. , . 1. 2. .3. , , ..4. (, , , ,
..)5. .6. , .7. , .8. .9. , .7.2 86 , . . SCADA, , . : , ., , . , ,
, , .. - , , , . :1. .2. , .3. .4. . 5. , .6. . 7. , : , , . 8. .9.
.10. , . 11. (, ..) .12. , . 13. , ./ 1 12 13 14 25 4 16 4 1 7 87 ,
, . :1. .2. .3. .4. .5. .6. .7. , .8. , .9. , , .10. / .11. , ..
.12. .13. , , , , ..- , , : :1. .2. , .3. .4. .5. .6. , .7. , .8. ,
, , .9. / .10. , .11. , . 12. .13. , , , , .. 1. , .2. .3. (, , ,
..).4. , .5. (, , ..) .6. .7. . , .7.3 88 . . SCADA, . ( ), . : . .
. , , . - , , , . :1. .2. , .3. .4. . 5. , .6. . 7. , : , , . 8.
.9. 10. , ./ 1 12 13 1 3 - 89 , , , . :1. .2. .3. .4. .5. , .6. , ,
, .7. / .- , , : :1. .2. , .3. .4. .5. .6. .7. , .8. , , , .9. /
.10. .11. (, ). .12. , .13. , .14. (, , ..) .15. , , , .. 1. .2.
.3. (, , , ..).4. .5. .6. ( ).7. , .8. , , .9. . / 8.1 . O : , , -
: , . , : . , , . , . - , . / . , .91 .. 8.8.2 92 : , , , , , .., .
. 40C pH 5 10. 20m . . . , , . i . 2.000 - 2.500 . 2 - 3 6.000 . :
. . . . . ( - - ). , : . -. 1 . - . , (.. Sterling). . . . - .93 ()
( ) - ( ) . . () . . . , , : , . , 50-70% . ( 10-20%) 4.000 .
(O-ring) , . , . , , . : , , . , . 155 . (O-rings) - . . -rings . .
(2-3 ) . . . 8-1. 94 - NPSH , : , . , NPSH (, ..) (pH10) 8-1. ()
8.3 , , - (), (), , .. ( 1 - 5.000m3/h, 0,1 - 25 bar, 750 - 3.000
rpm) - , , , , .. - . , , . . 95 - ( ) - 8-2. 96 . , , ( ..). NPSH
. . , . : () . . . . 50C , 80C. -. 2.000 . . . : . : , .8.4 - .
8-3. 97 : , , , . ( ) , . , . . . 8.5 20.000 m3/h 10 . : . , (25% -
75% ). , 10 100 rpm, . , . 8.6 98 : . 30 10 45.000 . . . . : . 400
18 5.000 . , 3 . , (). . . ( , , , ). : . .8.7 - 8.8 99 , , . .
4.000 1 . 1-2 . ( , , ). , . . . : . : . . : : . . . . . : , . : .
: , . : . : 4.000 .8.9 100 Robuschi : , . . . . . . . - : . , . , .
. 3.000 UNI B 2660. EP (.. ) . , . , , (, , , , ..). , . 2 bar 1
bar . , . : . . : . : , . : . . . . , - , , . 8-4. 8-5. 101 1 1 1 1
1 500 1 500 4.000 6 1 2 2.000 2.000 15.000 24 , - - () 8-5. () 102
/ - 8.10 - , . , , .. , . 103 : . , . : , , . : : ( ), ( ). , ,
(jetting) (air bumping). : , . , . , , . 2 . . : . , , , . , , .
8.11 104 . . : 2,5 bar, . , . , : . . . . . . . . : 2,5 bar, . , :
. . . . . . . . , . . .. , (membrane scaling), (membrane fouling).
: 50-200 . : 8.000 - 16.000 10-15% . : , , . , . , . : , . DT: .
500 m. .8.12 (UV SYSTEM) , . , - , . 105 : . , , , UV. UV: ( UV 200
): UV. . ( ). . . ( UV 200-600 ) - 3 . . UV. . 5 . 4 6 . : . , , .
. 13.500 . . , . . . , . .8.13 106 . () .: . : . (): . : . . : , ()
. , . . . () . . (blades) . (emergency stop switches) (limit
switches): . : . () (): . : 1 6 bar.8.14 107 2 : . - . 1 . . (..
Sterling). . . . . , ( ). . , . 50-70% , . . , 20%, . . , , - - . ,
. . , , (). () .8.15 , . , - .108 . . : . , . , , (, , , , ..). . ,
. , , . . , :1. . , . , 1. . .2. . . , , .3. , . 1.000 , 250 250 V
500 . , , , .4. , , . , . 6 2 . :109 () 2 , ( ). , . , , , . . , ,
. . , . ( ) . . . , . , , , , .. . , . . , . , .5. . , . , . ( ) .,
. . : 1. / 2. 3. ( )4. ( ..)5. ( )6. ..( ..)7. 8. . . / ( )1. /
..&.2. / (, , , )3. .. .. (, , /. , ..)4. / 5. / ( )6. 7. 8. 9.
10. ....- 11. 12. (, / )13. /14. ( ) 15. 16. (, , , )17. ( ) 1. 2.
. , 3. 4. 5. ( )6. 7. 1108.16 / = = - = 111/ 200 500 1.000 1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. . 19. 20. 21.
22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 8.17 , , , HD304, , .112 , , -
, . , , , - . : , , , , , , , , . , : , :. . . . . . . , . . . , .
. , :. . , . , , , : : : : , : , , , / , . , - . , - . , - , - - .
- . . .9.1 , , , -, . 113 . . . , . . , . , , . , . . . . : , , , .
. 9.114 () , . , . . . . . , , . , . . , . , . - . , . - - . , . ,
. , , . .9.2 . , pH, , . . , . , . 115 , - , . , . , . . . , . : ,
. . . pH. , , . , . . . . Al2( SO4)3 . . , . . (CaO) . ( ) , . , ,
, . 116 Fe ( Cl )3 . , , . . , , , . , 8 , . . (HCO3). , . . , . .
( ) . , . , . - NaOH . , , . . , , . . . , . . Ca ( OH)2 , . , . .
, , . , . 117 - Cl2 , ( Ca(ClO)2. . ( 30mg/L ). . , . , , . . , , ,
. , . . . , . , . . , , . . , . . , , . . , . . , . Na3PO4 . , . .
9.3 , - . .118 - - - :, , , . . : . 50% . ( ). : , . : . . . : . .
. . : . , - . , . . Clostridium Salmonella Shingella 9.4 (/ ) -, ,
, , , - . . , , . ) ) , . , . -, - . , -, -, - -. - - dB (decibel).
( decibel , 130 - ) 3 dB-A , . 3-15 dB-A, - , 15 dB-A , - . , .119
- - - () . . . . , , , . : HIV (AIDS) . AIDS . - : , . : . . : , ,
.9.5 120 - / - . , , . , , . / (, , , ..). . , , . . / , , . . : )
on, ) ) . . , . , , / .9.6 , - , - . , , . , . , .121 - . , , , , ,
. . , . . , . , , , . . , , . , , . . , .9.7 , , - . - 1992.122 - .
, , , .. (.. , ..) , . , . , . , . . , ( ). , . , , . (, ..) , . ,
. , . . , . , , (.. ). , . , . , , . , , . 123 () , , . , 1,30 , ,
(.. ) . , , 30 ( , ). , 1 , . , , . 0,30. , , .. . , , . , , , , ,
.. , , . , . , .. 1 . , . , , . , . , , . , , . , . . . , , . . , ,
. () : 10-1. : , , ( 4), ( 5). , , . . : O , () () - . -, . 1 2 6.
O , . , 3 6. , , , . 125: : &
10. , , ( ) , 8 . , : , , , : . , , . (checklists), . , - ,
.10.1 , : . . . , . , . , / . - . . . . . . :. 1 .. 30 .. . . .126
: . . . . , . , (, ..) , .10.2 , , . ( ) , . , , , . , , , . 127 /
/ 128 ( ) / () () / - / - 129 () +/- 10% (m3/h) / / / 130 , , , ,
(DO max Ds;0,75 xmaxDs< BODs< max Ds;0< BODs< 0,75 x
max Ds MLSS : , (DO) MLSS ; , MLSS MLSS, , 10 2O: :137 2. (SS) : ,
, ( , , )1 : : (, , ) , SS SS < SS ; ;2 : : ;138 3. N4+ - : F :
M, pH F : M : F : M , N4+ < N4+ N4+ F : M F:M < 0,15; pHD.O.
< 1,5 mg/L ;pH < 7; DO 1,5 mg/L 139 4. , NO3- : : (BOD/COD) A
, ( ) - : ( ) ( ) : ( ;) NO3- : (BOD) NO3- < NO3- 1 : D.O. 0,2
mg/L;COD / NO3-N > 10 ; PH > 7; 0,5 h;2 : , ( ) 10.4 -
(CHECKLISTS) , , , . : , , , , , , (), , , , , , , . : Water
Environment Federation (WEF), American Society of Civil Engineers
(ASCE), Environmental andWater Resource Institute (EWRI):
Biological nutrient removal (BNR) operation in wastewater
treatmentplants, Manual of Practice No.30, WEF 2005. ., .: , : 1 ,
1995.1401411. NH3-N, TKN TP BOD NO2 NO3-N
3 BOD TKN (BNR) MLSS SRT 2 3 BOD TKN 142 BOD DO DO - DO 2 mg/L ,
( )
( )
/ (/ )
/
- 143 BOD DO DO - D.O. D.O. 2 mg/L. , , DO, - - , ( ) () 1441.
SV / ( BOD ) Nocardia, :
:MLSS, :SRT ( ) : MLSS F:M DO (WAS) (WAS) 10% , MLSS, DO MLSS
SRT , 1451. MLSS D.O. NH3-N (RAS) MLSS : 3-, 2 3- , (RAS) , , ,
MLSS 1461. pH NH3-N o , . NH3-N MLSS MLSS DONH3-N, NO2 NO3-N B pH
:
MLSS
SRT pH, : MLSS , DO , NH3-N NO2 NO3-N
(WAS) MLSS SRT 1471. NH3-N DO BOD TKN BOD TKN (BNR) BOD TKN SRT
DO BOD pH , DO , : , , .. / . 2 3 NH3-N BOD 1481. NO2 +NO3-N BOD
TKN (R) BOD DO BOD (.. ) DO DO - , / DO BOD TKN BOD/TKN , BOD BOD (
) , : , , .. / . BOD/TKN 1491. BOD/ P BOD, SBOD, P . P P BOD( VFA)
BOD( VFA) VFA , P VFA (.. ) () SRT MLSS DO , BOD, SBOD, P : ,2+3,
3-, DO /RP BOD/ P SBOD/ , (VFA) DO / 2+3-, DO (P) 150 DO / 2+3-, ,
SRT 2+3- , :, DO HRT: (VFA) VFA :pH, (GAO) HRT VFA, . : VFA VFA , (
pH, ..), . pH . 2+3, , / DO (RAS) , , 1511. , ORP (.. ) (RAS) 2+3-
, ORP , D.O. (RAS) 2+3- D.O.1522. DO : , , , , D.O. 2 mg/L. , .
1532. DO , BOD / : ,BOD : DO , : (DO), DO . , ( baffles) / , . ,
D.O. 2 mg/L. , . , , ( 1,5 2 , ). , . DO DO 1542. DO 2+3, : :DO DO
, , / DO , SRT 2+3- , :2+3 DO / 2+3-, ( ) . , . . 1552. ( ) , - , /
, DO , DO , - , / 1563. DO - , , ( ) () , , DO D.O. D.O. 2 mg/L.
1573. DO , BOD / : ,BOD : DO , : , DO : 2+3, , . , ( baffles) /
,
, D.O. 2 mg/L. DO , : , , : , , ( 1,5 2, ). , . soft-start . DO
DO 1583. DO 2+3, : :DO DO , , / DO , SRT 2+3- , :2+3 DO / 2+3-, ( )
, ( ) () , , 1593. , DO , , , , , 1604. Nocardia, : :MLSS :SRT :
MLSS F:M DO 10% / , MLSS, DO , MLSS
SRT - (RAS) MLSS SVI ( ) TP DO
(SRT) , ( SRT, , MLSS ) MLSS : (WAS) 1614. :MLSS DO , , MLSS
,
MLSS
MLSS 7 , MLSS :MLSS DO3- 2+3- - MLSS, MLSS: - , , (TP) 1625. : :
F:M ( MLSS ) - : : 150 ; 164 : pH Nocardia: Microthrix: , , SVI ; ,
;: , . ; Nocardia Microthrix : GRAM, NIESSER 165: 3 ; ;: , 2mg/L
F:M - MLSS - - - - 1665. TSS BOD TP ( , , ) , : 1675. (SRT) TSS DO
SRT WAS WAS 10% 2xSRT SRT ( MLSS, WAS WAS) : BDD TSS . DO (..
baffles) : (rerouting) (reseeding) () 1686. (): MLVSS F:M DO SVI
(WAS), 10% , DO 0,5mg/L 1-3 mg/L ( ) , , 5-10mg/L. , 1-2 mg/L (RAS)
2-3 g/kg MLVSS : : DO 1696. : BOD:N:P:Fe =100:5:1:0,5 , :
,
, (Na3PO4)
, (FeCl3) - , : () DO DO < 0,5mg/L, 1-3 mg/L DO , 1 mg/L,
(DO) p F:M pH < 6,5 . - , p (NaOH) (CaO Ca()2) , (WAS) 10% , pH
(NaOH) (CaO Ca()2) pH 6,51707. , , ( MLSS) , ( MLSS) : BOD (kg/d)
MLVSS (kg): F:M MLVSS BOD : MLVSS (MCRT C) F:M (DO) (WAS): : (DO)
F:M MLVSS , (WAS). , (RAS) , DO 1-3 mg/L (WAS), 10% , (RAS), 0,3
0,9m 171 / (RAS) MLSS : : : MLSS . ,: , , : MLSS, (DO) (RAS) : /
(RAS) , / : 1727. , ( MLSS) : MLSS (MCRT C) F:M (DO) (WAS) (WAS),
10% , : , : MLSS, (DO) (RAS) , / : MLSS : / (RAS) 1737. , , ( MLSS)
(RAS) , , ,, , . : MLVSS (MCRT c) F:M (WAS), 10% , : , : MLSS, (DO)
(RAS) , / : MLSS : / (RAS) 1747. : ; Nocardia Microthrix ; ; ; ; ;
1758. (RAS) BOD NO2+NO3-N NO2+NO3-N , , , ( )
, D.O. 2 mg/L. DO , : , : 2+3, , (DO), DO BOD / , DO DO , (DO)
1768. (DO) NO2+NO3-N
(DO) , NH3- NO2+NO3-N : / :
NH3- DO (DO),NH3-N NO2+NO3-N 1779. pH/ (SRT) p , pH 3- :
MLSS
MLSS, WAS, WAS SRT pH , ( , ) pH o pH pH pH p :
MLSS
SRT pH, 17810. , / DO TSS, TKN : (rerouting) (reseeding): pH
(DO) 3- 2+3- , () TSS TKN 17911. : , , , . : , : : , , : / , , , ,
, : . , ., . , . , , : 18012. : , , : / . , , , : : , , , () ,
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