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ODI work on Cash Transfer Programmes
Rebecca Holmes, ODIRegional workshop on cash transfer activities in
southern Africa9-10 October 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
Recent experiences with cash
What have we learnt about cash in the last few years?
• Opportunities– Consumption, asset protection, asset promotion, less
market distortion, multiplier effects, recipient choice• Risks
– Easier corruption, inflation, ‘misuse’ of cash, understanding monetary value?
• Government and donor attitudes towards cash?
Outstanding Questions
• Institutions – Delivery of cash transfers – donors vs. government
vs. NGOs?– Government ministries and Social Protection?
• Funding– Sustainability? Long-term commitments?
• When are conditionalities appropriate?– Attendance at clinics, schools (Latin American model)– Work requirements
Concerns
• Shocks vs. Stresses• Different kinds of poor households; different
objectives for cash transfers• Different contexts, ‘fragile states’, remote areas
Different kinds of households may need different SP interventions
Emerging farmers
‘Vulnerable but viable’ households
Households with no labour, land, assets
Poverty Line
%
%
%
ODI programmes on social protection
• The role of cash transfers in social protection
• Linking agricultural growth and social protection
The role of cash transfers in Social Protection (1)
Background• Emerging interest,
but small evidence base on feasibility, appropriateness, effectiveness and impact of cash transfers
The role of cash transfers in Social Protection (2)
Objectives of programme– Research and policy advice to feed into ongoing
policy processes in target countries– Research outputs contributing to wider debates
around social protection, safety nets and the role of cash
The role of cash transfers in Social Protection (3)
ActivitiesAction-focused research on
i) ongoing cash-based social protection programmesii) emerging cash-based social protection programmesiii) institutional learning and policy change in cash-
based programming
The role of cash transfers in Social Protection (4)
Country-focused activities– Exploring options for cash-based transfers in Sierra
Leone– Targeting issues in Cambodia– Involvement in M&E of pilot cash transfers in Malawi
and Kenya
Linking agricultural growth and social
protection (1)
Programme background
• Innovative SP approaches to dealing with vulnerability
• Importance of agriculture for pro-poor growth
• Little systematic and strategic linking of social protection and agricultural growth policy and practice
Linking agricultural growth and social
protection (2)Programme objectives• Better understand how social protection policies and
agricultural policies can complement each other to achieve more efficient and equitable combinations of growth and poverty reduction?
• Support DFID country offices in their dialogues with governments and other partners to enable more coherent and ‘joined-up’ agriculture and social protection policies
Linking agricultural growth and social
protection (3)Key questions• Current public expenditure patterns?• How far do socially protecting measures support (or work against)
gains in agricultural productivity? How far do measures to enhance agricultural productivity also provide (or diminish) social protection?
• What patterns of “complementarity” between growth promotion and social protection?
• Cost benefits brought by SP measures?• What assessments are there of the benefits of existing
interventions?• How to identify priorities and suitable sequences?
Linking agricultural growth and social
protection (4)First phase of work plan• Conceptual Framework• Methodological Framework• Country-level consultations• Influencing strategy
Linking agricultural growth and social
protection (5)Outcomes of country level consultationsOptions for Zambia• Work with CARE PPA on programme design and M&E• Use MSU / FRSP data for modelling• Feed into Ministry of Community Development and Social Services
livelihoods study
Options for Malawi• CGE modelling with the World Bank • Support to M&E for fertiliser and seeds subsidy programme• Support DFID’s strategic engagement with processes
Link to RHVP Working with RHVP to build up evidence base
The role of cash transfers in SP – methodological
approach
• Household Economy Modelling and/or Market Analysis and Modelling
• Survey, qualitative interviews and participatory analysis
• Stakeholder and political economy analysis
• Cost and budget analysis
Linking SP and agricultural growth – methodological
approach
• Secondary data collection; semi-structured interviews; rapid appraisal methods
• Household income and expenditure modelling; CGE
• Scenario building approaches
• Policy process techniques