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iz prošlosti

OD KONFERENCIJE PREKO SAVEZA DO UDRUŽENJA BANAKA (period nastajanja Udruženja banaka od 1954. do 1959. godine)

Komunalne banke i štedionice, kao samostalne bankarske organizacije koje su se pojavile krajem 1954. godine, shvatile su od samog početka svog rada činjenicu da su one samo deo

jedinstvenog kreditno-monetarnog sistema zemlje. Uočena je potreba međusobnih savetovanja za razmenu iskustava iz praktičnog rada i davanje sugestija u pogledu donošenja novih zakonskih propisa koji regulišu bankarsko-kreditni sistem u Jugoslaviji.

Savetovanje održano u jesen 1954. godine u Sloveniji predstavlja začetak rada budućeg Udruženja banaka. Na ovom savetovanju bile su prisutne samo štedionice i raspravljalo se o unapređenju štednje i razvoja štedionica.

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��from the past

FROM CONFERENCE

THROUGH ALLIANCE TO THE

ASSOCIATION OF BANKS

(period of genesis of the Association of Banks

from 1954 till 1959)

Communal banks and savings banks, as independent banking organisations that emerged towards the end of 1954, became well aware from the very beginning of their work that they were

only one part of a single crediting and monetary system of the country. The need was identified to have mutual consultations for the exchange of experiences from practical work and for offering suggestions regarding the adoption of the new legal framework regulating banking and crediting system in Yugoslavia.

Consultations were held in the autumn of 1954 in Slovenia, and this was the beginning of work of the future Bank Association. This consultative meeting was a�ended only by the savings banks and the

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Stalna konferencija komunalnih banaka i štedionica FNRJ

Podatke o početnom obliku organizovanog udruživanja banaka nalazimo i u pismu predsedništva Stalne konferencije komunalnih banaka i štedionica, upućenog Saveznom izvršnom veću - Sekretarijatu za zakonodavstvo i organizaciju, u kome se govori o savetovanju predstavnika komunalnih banaka i štedionica održanom u Zagrebu 23. i 24. februara 1956. godine. Tom prilikom osnovana je Stalna konferencija komunalnih banaka i štedionica FNRJ sa sedištem u Beogradu. Kako o tome Savezno izvršno veće informiše predsednik Stalne k o n f e r e n c i j e komunalnih banaka i štedionica Ljubiša Lukić, jedan od ciljeva ove Stalne konferencije je, između ostalog, i proučavanje i razmena iskustava i mišljenja o pitanjima iz oblasti štednje i primeni propisa o štednim ulozima.

Pismom su tražena pojašnjenja Uredbe o bankama i štedionicama a radi obaveštavanja članova Stalne konferencije o pravilnoj primeni propisa koji se odnose na novčanu štednju.

Predstavnici komunalnih banaka i štedionica nakon nekoliko savetovanja u 1955. i 1956. godini, konačno su na Skupštini u Sarajevu, 9. i 10. maja 1956. godine, doneli Odluku o formiranju Saveza komunalnih banaka i štedionica FNRJ. Tom prilikom usvojen je Statut u kome su precizirani zadaci Saveza, prava i dužnosti članica kao i organi preko kojih će Savez obavljati svoju delatnost.

Komunalne banke i Savezi komunalnih banaka, a među njima posebno Savez komunalnih banaka i štedionica FNRJ, uložile su u ovom periodu znatne napore radi stručnog

uzdizanja kadrova. Održavaju se ispiti, seminari i savetovanja na kojima se obrađuju pojedine grupe bankarskih poslova. Posebno je naglašavan značaj stručnog uzdizanja pripravnika.

Savez komunalnih banaka i štedionica

Ova asocijacija novčanih zavoda i štedionica već u godini svog osnivanja bila je

prihvaćena kao značajna institucija finansijskog sektora zemlje.

Kolika je bila potreba i kakav je značaj dat Savezu komunalnih banaka i štedionica najbolje govori bogata prepiska između banaka i ove bankarske asocijacije. Banke se Savezu obraćaju zbog brojnih pitanja u vezi sa poslovanjem i uočenih nepravilnosti ali i za odgovarajuću pomoć. Jovan Stojić, direktor Komunalne banke iz Ulcinja, upućuje Ljubiši Lukiću, p r e d s e d n i k u

Saveza u 1957. godini, nekoliko pitanja o bonifikaciji kamate Narodne banke.

Direktor Riječke banke i štedionice piše Savezu s molbom da im se odgovori na pitanja o finansijskom poslovanju društvenih organizacija, preko banaka, radi jednoobrazne primene propisa. Savez komunalnih banaka iz Slovenije predlaže da se godišnja Skupština Saveza, u toj godini, zbog njenog izuzetnog značaja, održi u Beogradu, kao prestonici a ne u Dubrovniku i daje sugestije o njenoj pripremi predlažući formiranje Komisije koja bi obradila godišnji izveštaj i pripremila referate.

Kakve je probleme imao u radu Savez u toj 1957. godini najbolje se vidi u pismu koje je, umesto Ljubiše Lukića, pisao dr Novica Knežević kao odgovor na žalbu jedne banke

Zgrada Komunalne banke

Communal Bank building

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discussion was focused on the promotion of savings and development of savings banks.

Permanent Conference of Communal Banks and Savings Banks of FPRY

Information on the initial form of an organised association of banks is to be found also in the le�er addressed by the Permanent Conference of Communal Banks and Savings Banks to the Federal Executive Council - Secretariat for Legislature and Organisation, speaking of the consultations held between the representatives of communal banks and savings banks, held in Zagreb on 23 and 24 February 1956. It was on that occasion that the Permanent Conference of Communal Banks and Savings Banks of the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY) was established, with its headquarters in Belgrade. According to Ljubisa Lukic, president of the Permanent Conference of Communal Banks and Savings Banks, in his information for the Federal Executive Council, one of the objectives of the Permanent Conference is, among others, the study and exchange of experiences and opinions relevant for the ma�ers in the field of savings and implementation of regulatory framework governing savings deposits.

In the le�er, clarification was requested of the Regulation on Banks and Savings Banks, for purpose of keeping the membership of the Permanent Conference informed of the proper implementation of the regulations pertaining to the monetary savings operations.

Representatives of communal banks and savings banks, a�er several consultations held in 1955 and 1956, finally passed the Decision on the establishment of the Alliance of Communal Banks and Savings Banks of the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY) at their Assembly

meeting, held in Sarajevo on 9 and 10 May 1956. On that occasion, Statute was adopted specifying the duties of the Alliance, rights and obligations of the members, and the bodies through which the Alliance shall conduct its activities.

Communal banks and the Alliances of Communal Banks, among them especially the Alliance of Communal Banks and Savings Banks of the FPRY, invested in this period substantial efforts for purpose of professional training of their staff. Examinations were held, seminars and symposia treating certain groups of banking operations. Special emphasis was placed on the importance of professional training of apprentices.

Alliance of Communal Banks and Savings Banks

This association of monetary institutes and savings banks, already during the year when

it was established, was accepted as

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da joj Savez nije odgovorio na pitanja o refundaciji kamata po kreditima narodnih odbora i visine procenta saveznog poreza. “Vaša pisma su primljena u vreme kada sam morao da radim na primedbama na Pravilnik o

položajnim platama u komunalnim bankama i štedionicama kao i na drugim pitanjima. Sem toga, radio sam i u Komisiji za izradu metodologije kreditiranja komunalnih banaka i štedionica Narodne banke. Kada se ima u vidu i moja redovna dužnost šefa Odeljenja kratkoročnih kredita jedne od većih komunalnih banaka, onda je mislim razumljivo što me ponekad zatrpa množina zadataka, te ne uspevam da svim zadacima odgovorim tačno i na vreme. Jedini sam službenik Saveza i to honorarni. Od pre dva meseca imam

pomoć jedne drugarice, takođe kao honorarne službenice, koja mi pomaže u tehničkim stvarima. Svakako

da je teško održavati ažurno celu administraciju Saveza pod takvim uslovima. Kada Komunalna banka Beograd, a verovatno će to biti u idućoj godini, odvoji bar jednu prostoriju za kancelariju Saveza, stvoriće se uslovi za bar jednog stalnog službenika. Tada će svakako i administracija Saveza biti i uredna i ažurna.”

Savez je u 1956. i 1957. godini bio angažovan i na obeležavanju 31. oktobra Svetskog dana štednje. U 1956. godini Savez je internim proglasom upoznao sve komunalne banke, gradske i zadružne štedionice sa postojanjem 31. oktobra kao Svetskog dana štednje. U

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an important institution in the financial sector of the country.

The necessity for and the significance a�ached to the Alliance of Communal Banks and Savings Banks is best illustrated by the abundant correspondence exchanged in 1957 between the banks and this banking association. The banks were approaching the Alliance with many questions regarding the business operations and identified irregularities, but also requesting an appropriate assistance. Jovan Stojic, director of Communal Bank from Ulcinj addressed Ljubisa Lukic, the president of the Alliance, with several question regarding the bank commission on the National Bank interest rate.

Director of the Rijeka Bank and Savings Bank wrote to the Alliance with the request for having his question answered on the financial operations of social o r g a n i s a t i o n s through the banks for purpose of a uniform i m p l e m e n t a t i o n of the regulatory framework. Alliance of Communal Banks from Slovenia proposed for the Annual Assembly Meeting of the Alliance to be held that year, because of its outstanding importance, in Belgrade, as a capital city, and not in Dubrovnik, and further offered suggestions on its preparation by proposing the establishment of a Commission that would elaborate the annual report and prepare the reports to be presented.

The problems encountered by the Alliance in its work during 1957 are best illustrated by the le�er wri�en, instead of Ljubisa Lukic, by Dr. Novica Knezevic, in response to the complaint made by one of the banks that the Alliance did not answer its question on the refunding of the

interest rates per loans taken by the people’s boards and the amount of the percentage of the federal tax. “Your questions were received at the time when I was forced to work on the objections to the Rules of Procedure on the job position salaries granted at the communal banks and the savings banks, and on other ma�ers. In addition, I was engaged in the work of the Commission for elaboration of the methodology for crediting communal banks and savings banks by the National Bank. When bearing in mind also my regular duties as the

chief of the Department for short-term credits of one of the major communal banks, then I would take it that it is understandable why, at times, I am overburdened by the multitude of tasks, thus not succeeding in responding to all of my duties accurately and in good time. I am the only employee working at the Alliance, and even this is only my part-time job. Since two months ago, I have been allowed the assistance of one lady associate, also a part-time employee, who is helping me in technical ma�ers. It is

certainly difficult to maintain an updated entire administration of the Alliance under such conditions. Once the Communal Bank of Belgrade, and this will probably take place during the next year, shall allocate at least one room for the offices of the Alliance, conditions will be met for at least having one permanent and the full time employee. At such time it shall certainly be possible to keep the administration of the Alliance in proper shape and updated.”

The Alliance has in 1956 and 1957 been engaged also in the celebration of the 31st October, the World Savings Day. In 1956, the

Dr Novica Knežević generalni sekretar od 1957. do 1962. i od 1971. do 1974. godineNovica Knežević, PhD, Secretary General from 1957 to 1962 and from 1971 to 1974

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proglasu su bile pozvane banke da ovaj dan proslave pod zajedničkom parolom: “Rad, štednja, blagostanje”. Predloženo im je da u okviru svojih mogućnosti, putem predavanja, letaka, plakata, članaka i oglasa u dnevnoj štampi i drugim propagandnim sredstvima obeleže ovaj dan. U 1957. godini, pored ostalog, Savez je štampao i jedinstveni plakat za celu zemlju sa tekstom “31. oktobar - Svetski dan štednje”.

Na sednici Predsedništva Saveza komunalnih banaka i štedionica FNRJ, juna 1958. godine, za predsednika je imenovan Ljubiša Lukić, direktor Komunalne banke grada Beograda. Za potpredsednike su izabrani: Niko Kavčić, direktor Komunalne banke Ljubljana, Milutin Pavlović, direktor Komunalne banke Zagreb i Lev Kovačić, direktor Mestne hranilnice Ljubljana. Za sekretara Saveza postavljen je dr Novica Knežević.

Imperativ: obrazovanje kadrova i savremena tehnička oprema

L j u b i š a Lukić je na ovoj sednici obavestio prisutne da je pri Sekretarijatu za finansije formirana Komisija sa zadatkom da prouči uzroke uvećanja broja službenika u bankama. Ova Komisija je utvrdila tri osnovna pitanja: stanje kadrova, oprema i sistem rada. Od zaključaka ove Komisije posebno se izdvaja potreba stručnog uzdizanja službenika u bankama i neophodnost postojanja više bankarske škole. Potencira se da je tehnička oprema u bankama zastarela i da se pretežno radi tablom i olovkom. Neophodno je zbog dotrajalih pisaćih i računarskih mašina

nabaviti nove. Tom prilikom bankari ističu potrebu da se propisi o bankama, koji su doneti početkom 1954. godine, dograde jer je razvoj bankarskog sistema te zakonske propise učinio neodgovarajućim.

Treća sednica Predsedništva Saveza održana je 23. septembra 1958. godine u Beogradu u Komunalnoj banci, Brankova 2. Na sednici je saslušan referat o komunalnim štedionicama koji su pripremili predstavnici štedionica Zagreba i Ljubljane. Nikola Miljanić v.d. guverner Narodne banke izneo je teze o kreditnom sistemu. Raspravljano je o sadržini ankete koja će se sa propratnim pismom uputiti

direktorima banaka na temu radni efekti. Na ovoj sednici saslušan je i referat o problemu položajnih plata u bankama i štedionicama.

Nakon ove sednice Savez je sproveo anketu među bankama kako bi se dobila precizna slika o uslovima u kojima banke rade. Anketni listić je zahtevao podatke iz bilansa za 1957. godinu, o platnom prometu, blagajni i deviznim poslovima. Kod evidentiranja stanja opreme date su instrukcije o unosu podataka o prosečnom broju neispravnih mašina i za sve ostale mašine sa kojima banka raspolaže: mašine za

brojanje novca, mašine za frankiranje pošte itd. U anketi je, takođe, bilo potrebno dostaviti podatke o veličini poslovnog prostora, da li zgrada odgovara potrebi banke ili je to nužni smeštaj, da li su potrebne dodatne prostorije i kakvi su konkretni planovi za rešavanje tog pitanja. Anketom se tražio i broj radnika u bankama. U propratnom pismu Saveza direktorima komunalnih banaka i štedionica

Ljubiša Lukić prvi predsednik Saveza komunalnih banaka i štedionica FNRJ i generalni sekretar Udruženja banaka Jugoslavije od 1976. do 1978. godineLjubiša Lukić, the first President of the Alliance of the Communal and Savings Banks of the FPRY and Secretary General of the Association of Yugoslav Banks from 1976 to 1978.

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Alliance notified by its internal announcement all the communal banks, city and cooperative savings banks, on the significance of the 31st October, the World Savings Day. In this proclamation, banks were called upon to mark this day under a joint slogan: “Work, Savings, and Prosperity”. It was proposed to them to celebrate this day, according to their capabilities, through lectures, leaflets, placards, articles and advertising in the press and other promotional materials. During 1957, the Alliance, among other, printed its single poster for the entire country with the slogan “31st October - The World Savings Day”.

At the session of the Presidency of the Alliance of Communal Banks and the Savings Banks of the FPRY, in June 1958, Ljubisa Lukic was nominated for the president, being the director of the Communal Bank of the City of Belgrade. Vice-presidents nominated were Niko Kavcic, director of the Communal Bank of Ljubljana, Milutin Pavlovic, director of the Communal Bank of Zagreb, and Lev Kovacic, director of the City Bank of Ljubljana. Dr. Novica Knezevic was nominated Secretary of the Alliance.

Imperatives: education of employees and modern technical equipment

At this session, Ljubisa Lukic informed the audience that a Commission has been established at the Secretariat for Finance with the task to study the causes of an increased number of employees in banks. This Commission identified three basic issues: the situation with the staff, equipment and the system of operations. Among the findings made by this Commission, especially outstanding was the need for professional training of employees in banks and the need to establish a high banking school. The focus was on the fact that the technical equipment in banks is obsolete and that banking operations are mainly conducted by means of a table and a pencil. Because of typing machines suffering from tear-and-wear and the calculating machines in the same poor state of repair, it is necessary to provide the new ones. On that occasion, the bankers underlined the need for the regulatory framework governing banks,

passed in early 1954, to be upgraded because the development of the banking system has rendered these regulations inadequate.

The third session of the Presidency of the Alliance was held on 23 September 1958 in Belgrade, at the Communal Bank, 2 Brankova Street. At the session, a report was presented on the communal savings banks, prepared by the representatives of the savings banks in Zagreb and Ljubljana. Nikola Miljanic, acting governor of the National Banks, stated his thesis on the crediting system. Discussion developed on the contents of the survey, opinion poll that will be submi�ed together with the cover le�er to the bank directors, dealing with the topic of work efficiency. At this session, another report was also presented, dealing with the problem of job position salaries in banks and savings banks.

A�er this session, the Alliance conducted the opinion poll amongst the banks in order to obtain a precise picture of the conditions in which the banks are operating. The survey questionnaire requested data from the balance sheet for 1957 financial year, payment transfers, treasury and foreign exchange operations. In recording the state of repair of the equipment, instructions were given on entering the information on the average number of out-of-order machines, and also for all other machines available at the bank: money counting machines, machines for stamping mail, etc. It was also necessary to provide for the survey the data on the size of the business premises, whether the office building is meeting the bank requirements, or is it only a space occupied out of necessity, whether additional offices are necessary, and what are the concrete plans for the solution of these ma�ers. The survey poll requested the information on the number of employees in banks. In its cover le�er, the Alliance pointed out to the directors of the communal banks and savings banks that there were recent discussions at the State Secretariat for Finance and other state authorities on an increase in the number of employees in banks. In the absence of data on the volume of work in banks, there was an impression and a conclusion to that effect that there was an unjustified increase in the number of employees, followed by the fall in work productivity. It was emphasised that there is a need for an organised and systematic work

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ističe se da je u poslednje vreme vođena diskusija u Državnom sekretarijatu za poslove finansija i ostalim državnim organima o povećanom broju službenika u svim bankama. U nedostatku podataka o obimu poslova u bankama dobija se utisak i izvodi zaključak da je došlo do neopravdanog povećanja broja službenika i do opadanja produktivnosti rada. Naglašava se potreba organizovanog i sistematskog rada na povećanju te produktivnosti. U jednom pismu Saveza upućenom Kiri Gligorovu, sekretaru Sekretarijata za opšte privredne poslove SIV-a, dat je podatak da u 1958. godini postoji 375 poslovnih jedinica komunalnih banaka i štedionica koji učestvuju sa 20,6% u celokupnom plasmanu privrede iz bankarskih sredstava.

U Izveštaju o radu Predsedništva Saveza za 1958. i 1959. godinu ističe se da je u zemlji došlo do zastoja u izgradnji odnosa među bankama, jer su postavljeni na administrativnoj osnovi, što je izazvalo nesigurnost u radu postojećih banaka i neodlučnost narodnih odbora da pristupe daljem osnivanju svojih banaka. Deo Izveštaja govori o odnosu između Narodne banke i banaka. Obavezna rezerva ostala je statički instrument. Od uvođenja do 1958. godine ostala je, takoreći, nepromenjena stopa mada su nastale mnoge promene, naročito u pogledu decentralizacije sredstava, što je imalo odraza na kreditni potencijal pojedinih banaka. Narodna banka je jedino poklonila pažnju kreditu koga je odobravala drugim bankama i na taj način je mislila “da drži banke”.

Do 1959. godine u Savezu su osnovani sledeći odbori: Odbor za kratkoročne poslove, Odbor za dugoročne poslove, Odbor za organizaciju rada, Odbor za stručno uzdizanje kadrova i Odbor za unapređenje novčane štednje. Sa pojačanom aktivnošću republičkih saveza, Savez komunalnih banaka i štedionica FNRJ dobija sve više karakter organa za koordinaciju njihovog rada i postaje nosilac razmene iskustva među savezima i komunalnim bankama. Saradnja sa Narodnom bankom se odvijala kroz povremene sastanke predstavnika Saveza i guvernera. Na tim sastancima bankari

su guvernera obaveštavali o problemima sa kojima su se susretali u radu a koji su se odnosili na kreditiranje komunalnih banaka od Narodne banke, ulogu kreditnog bilansa banke, poslove društvenog knjigovodstva, pregled završnih računa privrednih preduzeća, reviziju poslovanja komunalnih banaka koju je obavljala Narodna banka, sprovođenje smernice tekuće kreditne politike, žiro račune preduzeća koje kreditira Narodna banka, mehanizaciju operativnih poslova itd. Sa predstavnicima Glavne centrale Narodne banke raspravljalo se o: kamatnim stopama po kreditima i zajmovima, metodologiji kreditiranja unutrašnje trgovine, međusobnom kreditiranju privrednih organizacija, kreditiranju zanatskih i građevinsko zanatskih preduzeća.

Svetlana Pantelić,Udruženje banaka Srbije - adaptirano iz

monografije "Zajednička kuća svih banaka"

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on upgrading this productivity. In a le�er sent by the Alliance to Kiro Gligorov, Secretary of the Secretariat for General Economic Affairs at the Federal Executive Council, the information was given that in 1958 there were 375 business units of communal banks and savings banks accounting for 20.6% of the total placements to the real economy from the banking funds.

In the report on the work of the Presidency of the Alliance for 1958 and 1959, it is stated that there was a slow-down experienced in the building up of the relations between banks, because they were based on an administrative ground which has caused insecurity in the work of the existing banks and hesitation of the people’s boards to engage in further establishment of their own banks. One part of the report was speaking of the relationship between the National Bank and the other banks. Required reserves have remained a static instrument. Since its introduction and up

to 1958, it has remained at an unchanged rate, although in the meantime many changes have happened, especially regarding decentralisation of funds, which was reflected on the crediting potential of certain banks. National Bank has only focused its a�ention on the credits approved to other banks and in that way was deeming to have obtained its “hold over the banks”.

Until 1959, the following commi�ees were operating within the Alliance: Commi�ee for short-term operations, Commi�ee for long-term operations, Commi�ee for labour organisation, Commi�ee for professional training of staff, and Commi�ee for promotion of savings. Together with an intensified activity of the republican Alliances, the Alliance of Communal Banks and Savings Banks of the FPRY gained increasingly a character of a body for co-ordination of their work and became the main vehicle for the exchange of experiences

between Alliances and communal banks. Cooperation with the National Bank was taking place through occasional meetings between the representatives of the Alliance and the Governor. On these meetings, bankers were briefing the Governor on the problems encountered in their work, pertaining to the crediting of communal banks by the National Bank, role of credits granted, issues in the field of social accounting service, examination of the final accounts of commercial enterprises, auditing of business operations of communal banks conducted by the National Bank, implementation of guidelines for the current crediting policies, giro accounts of companies credited by the National Bank, mechanising of operational jobs, etc. There were discussions with the representatives of the Main Headquarters of the National Bank about the interest rates on credits and loans, methodology of crediting internal trade, mutual crediting between economic organisations, crediting of cra�s and construction-cra�s enterprises.

Svetlana Pantelić,Association of Serbian Banks - adapted

from the monograph "Joint home for all banks"

Beograd 1958. godineBelgrade 1958.