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OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Me, My Space & Eye: Sharing, Privacy and Trust in the Networked World
Alane Wilson
Computers in Libraries
April 16, 2007
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Me, mine, ours Individual-driven content rising:
Personal publishing (web pages/Blogs)
Digital images/video (flickr, Picasa, YouTube)
cataloging, tagging. (e.g., del.icio.us, furl, digg, LibraryThing)
The Network as community
Online gaming, VOIP, chat
Community authorship - open content (Wikipedia), open source software
Myspace, Facebook, Twitter: personal presence services
Instant verification:
RSS, blogs, search engines, online news, opinion sites, fact-checking sites, etc. post and process news and opinion swiftly
The wisdom of the crowd
Google’s Page-Rank uses “link-love” to rank value
Amazon recommendations
“hive mind”
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Driven by Ubicomp
Ubiquitous computing names the third wave in computing, just now beginning. First were mainframes, each shared by lots of people. Now we are in the personal computing era, person and machine staring uneasily at each other across the desktop. Next comes ubiquitous computing, or the age of calm technology, when technology recedes into the background of our lives." Mark Weiser
The purpose of a computer is to help you do something else.
The best computer is a quiet, invisible servant.
The more you can do by intuition the smarter you are; the computer should extend your unconscious.
Technology should create calm.
In Designing Calm Technology, Weiser and John Seeley Brown describe calm technology as "that which informs but doesn't demand our focus or attention".
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Survey Respondents – by Geography
Link
Canada
United States
United KingdomGermany
846France
821Japan
804
921
1,8011,801
970970
Total: 6,163
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q525:Thinking of your overall usage of the Internet, how many years would you estimate you have been using the Internet?
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Less than one year
1 to 3 years
4 to 6 years
7 to 10 years
More than 10 years
I don't remember
Total General PublicTotal U.S. RespondentsLibrarians
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
The Culture of PaperQ515: Overall, how much time do you estimate you spend reading on a weekly basis? (Including books, magazines, online Web sites, blogs, etc.)
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
Fewer than 5 hours
5 to 10 hours
11 to 20 hours
21 to 30 hours
More than 30 hours
Total General PublicTotal U.S. RespondentsLibrarians
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q520: During the last 12 months, has the amount you have read in any format increased, decreased or remained the same?
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Increased
Remained the same
Decreased
Total General PublicTotal U.S. RespondentsLibrarians
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q850. Do you have a current library card?
General Public By Country And Age
U.S. 18+
U.S14-17
Can 18+
Can 14-17
U.K. 18+
U.K. 14-17
Fr 18+
Fr 15-17
Ger 18+
Ger 15-17
Jpn 18+
Jpn 14-17
Base 1,660 141 731 190 767 203 717 104 734 112 700 104
Yes 61% 72% 57% 66% 55% 69% 29% 34% 30% 45% 55% 72%
No 37% 23% 40% 30% 41% 27% 69% 59% 69% 51% 41% 18%
Not sure 2% 4% 2% 4% 4% 4% 3% 7% 1% 4% 3% 10%
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q855. During the past 12 months, how often did you go to the library either in person or online?
General Public By Country
Total U.S. Canada U.K. France Germany Japan
Base 6,163 1,801 921 970 821 846 804
Daily 1% 2% 2% 1% 0% 0% 2%
Weekly 9% 9% 12% 8% 9% 7% 6%
Monthly 13% 13% 12% 12% 16% 11% 11%
6 to 10 times in the last 12 months
10% 12% 11% 8% 9% 8% 7%
2 to 5 times in the last 12 months
16% 20% 15% 16% 10% 9% 10%
Once in the last 12 months 7% 7% 7% 9% 4% 7% 6%
I have not been to a library and/or library Web site in the last 12 months but have visited in the past
27% 28% 31% 35% 23% 35% 18%
I have never been to the library and/or library Web site
17% 7% 10% 11% 29% 22% 40%
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q870. Which library do you primarily use?
General Public By Country
Total U.S. Canada U.K. France Germany Japan
Base 5,034 1,653 819 854 576 670 462
Public library 74% 74% 76% 80% 64% 64% 78%
Academic/University library
10% 10% 10% 8% 17% 18% 5%
School library 9% 10% 9% 6% 8% 10% 9%
Library from Q865 3% 2% 2% 3% 4% 4% 5%
Community College library
2% 3% 2% 2% 1% 3% 1%
Corporate (company) library
2% 2% 2% 1% 6% 2% 2%
LinkLink
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q530: Online Activities
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Accessed business-related social networkingsites (e.g., LinkedIn, SelectMinds, etc.)
Blogged or wrote an online diary/journal
Borrowed items or searched for specific itemsthrough the library Web site
Browsed for information using a search engine(e.g., Google, Yahoo , Ask.com, etc.)
Contributed information to other's Webpage(s)/site(s)
Created Web page(s)/site(s)
Read online (electronic) books
Total General PublicTotal U.S. RespondentsLibrarians
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q530: Online Activities (continued)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Read someone's blog
Sent or received e-mails
Sent or received instant messages
Used a social media site (e.g., Flickr, Snapfish, Shutterfly,YouTube, etc.)
Used a social networking site (e.g., MySpace, Friendster,Xanga, Facebook, Classmates.com, etc.)
Used an online question service (e.g., Yahoo Answers, ask-a-librarian service, Google Answers, etc.)
Used chat rooms
Total General PublicTotal U.S. RespondentsLibrarians
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q530: Online Activities-Librarians
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Accessedbusiness-
related socialnetworkingsites (e.g.,LinkedIn,
SelectMinds,etc.)
Blogged orwrote an online
diary/journal
Borroweditems or
searched forspecific items
through thelibrary Web
site
Browsed forinformation
using a searchengine (e.g.,
Google, Yahoo, Ask.com,
etc.)
Contributedinformation toother's Web
page(s)/site(s)
Created Webpage(s)/site(s)
Read online(electronic)
books
Readsomeone's
blog
Total Librarians
Librarians Age 49 or Younger
Librarians Age 50 or Older
Social Networking: Yes Social Networking: No
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q530:Online Activities-Librarians (continued)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Sent or received e-
mails
Sent or received
instant messages
Used a social media
site (e.g., Flickr,
Snapfish, Shutterfly,
YouTube, etc.)
Used a social
networking site
(e.g., MySpace,
Friendster, Xanga,
Facebook,
Classmates.com,
etc.)
Used an online
question service
(e.g., Yahoo
Answers, ask-a-
librarian service,
Google Answers,
etc.)
Used chat rooms
Total Librarians
Librarians Age 49 or Younger
Librarians Age 50 or Older
Social Networking: Yes Social Networking: No
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Privacy Dilemma
"Privacy has no one single meaning in society; it has many…privacy has legal, institutional, consumer, medical, workplace, telecommunications and a vast number of other venues in which it plays a role. Consequently, we must live and work in a tapestry of privacy.”
Robert O. Mason. “A Tapestry of Privacy: A meta-discussion.”
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Privacy1 vs Privacy2
Privacy1: Ensuring that your personal information doesn’t fall into the wrong hands. (“Confidentiality”)
Privacy2: The ability to go about your daily life
without leaving a trail; the ability to read (speak, attend meetings, etc.) anonymously. (“Anonymity”)
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Privacy
A Poll on Campaign Finance
Proposition 1:Who are our political candidates taking money from? This should be public information.(Agree/Disagree?)
Proposition 2:What political candidates are you giving money to? This should be public information.(Agree/Disagree?)
Steve Worona, EDUCAUSE
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q765: Which of the following types of information have you ever supplied about yourself when you were browsing for and/or purchasing music, movies, books and other retail items?
Total General PublicTotal U.S. RespondentsLibrarians
E-mail address
First name
Last name
Street address
Birthday (month, date and year)
Telephone number
Credit and/or debit card information
Subjects of interest (e.g., hobbies, music, articles/journals, etc.)
Cell phone number
Income
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
None of the above
Books you have read
Associations you belong to
Social security number
LinkLink
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q725:Which of the following types of information have you ever supplied about yourself on social media Web site(s)?
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Social security number
First name
Birthday (month, date and year)
Marital/relationship status
E-mail address
Last name
Physical attributes (e.g., height, weight, etc.)
Street address
Telephone number
Cell phone number
Income
Credit and/or debit card information
Total General PublicTotal U.S. RespondentsLibrarians
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Q725:Which of the following types of information have you ever supplied about yourself on social media Web site(s)? (continued)
Subjects of interest (e.g., hobbies, music, articles/journals, etc.)
Photos/videos
Personality attributes (e.g., caring, shy, outgoing, etc.)
Sexual preference
Books you have read
Religious affiliation
Associations you belong to
Political affiliation
Self-published information
Health information
None of the above
Total General PublicTotal U.S. RespondentsLibrarians
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q625: Which of the following types of information have you ever supplied about yourself on social networking Web site(s)?
Total General PublicTotal U.S. RespondentsLibrarians
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Social security number
First name
Birthday (month, date and year)
Marital/relationship status
E-mail address
Last name
Physical attributes (e.g., height, weight, etc.)
Street address
Telephone number
Cell phone number
Income
Credit and/or debit card information
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q625:Which of the following types of information have you ever supplied about yourself on social networking Web site(s)? (continued)
Total General PublicTotal U.S. RespondentsLibrarians
Subjects of interest (e.g., hobbies, music, articles/journals, etc.)
Photos/videos
Personality attributes (e.g., caring, shy, outgoing, etc.)
Sexual preference
Books you have read
Religious affiliation
Associations you belong to
Political affiliation
Self-published information
Health information
None of the above
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%LinkLink
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q1091_4. For each of the following types of information you may have provided at the library, please indicate which of the following you would be willing to share.Items borrowed from the libraryBase: Used Library In Person Or Online
Q1091_4: General Public By Country
Total U.S. Canada U.K. France Germany Japan
Base 5,099 1,667 830 861 587 684 470
With no one 36% 38% 40% 38% 33% 22% 39%
To set up my personalized services
15% 13% 15% 15% 18% 24% 16%
To receive notification based on my interests
14% 13% 17% 15% 14% 21% 11%
To receive free or discounted goods or services
10% 9% 12% 10% 15% 14% 8%
To connect with others with similar interests
6% 5% 7% 7% 9% 5% 8%
With anyone else using the site
2% 2% 2% 3% 5% 1% 1%
Not sure 17% 18% 13% 14% 12% 13% 19%
Not applicable 11% 11% 9% 12% 11% 14% 6%
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q1171_1. For each of the following types of information that can be provided at the library, please indicate which of the following you think your users would be willing to share.Their searching/browsing activities from the library Web site or resources
By Type Of Library Librarians By Age
Librarians By Use Of Social Ntwk/Media/
Business Sites
Librarians Total Public
Academic Other
49 Yrs Old Or Younge
r
50+ Yrs Old Yes No
Respondents 382 209 161 13 128 254 179 203
With no one 43% 46% 39% 46% 39% 45% 44% 42%
To set up personalized services 18% 17% 19% 15% 21% 17% 22% 14%
To receive notification based on their interests
16% 15% 17% 0% 17% 15% 16% 15%
To connect with others with similar interests
9% 8% 11% 0% 9% 9% 8% 10%
To receive free or discounted goods or services
7% 6% 9% 0% 10% 6% 7% 7%
With anyone else using the site 2% 2% 2% 0% 3% 2% 2% 2%
Not sure 26% 23% 29% 38% 29% 25% 25% 27%
Not applicable 1% 2% 1% 0% 1% 2% 1% 1%
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q881_1. Who do you think should have access to your records with respect to the following library information?Your online searching/browsing patterns
Q881_1: General Public By Country And Age
U.S. 18+
U.S. 14-17
Can 18+
Can 14-17
U.K. 18+
U.K. 14-17
Fr 18+
Fr 15-17
Germ 18+
Germ 15-17
Japan18+
Japan 14-17
Base 1,534 133 650 180 671 190 503 84 585 99 412 58
Librarians 7% 18% 11% 11% 16% 12% 7% 2% 13% 12% 15% 12%
Anyone 3% 7% 2% 9% 2% 4% 4% 4% 5% 4% 11% 11%
Other organizations/groups
2% 4% 3% 6% 2% 2% 4% 1% 3% 5% 3% 7%
No one 72% 52% 69% 60% 66% 61% 74% 77% 61% 61% 38% 33%
Not sure 10% 14% 11% 11% 9% 13% 6% 7% 11% 9% 19% 24%
Not applicable
6% 9% 6% 3% 6% 9% 6% 10% 9% 9% 15% 14%
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q966_3 In general, when using social networking Web sites, how frequently do you...Provide information online that you might not provide in person?Base: Used Social Networking Site
General Public By Country And Age
U.S. 18+
U.S. 14-17
Can 18+
Can 14-17
U.K. 18+
U.K. 14-17
Fr 18+
Fr 15-17
Ger 18+
Ger 15-17
Japan18+
Japan 14-
17
Base 563 87 191 99 148 119 78 8 95 23 167 23
Always 2% 4% 1% 6% 2% 1% 0% 0% 0% 5% 3% 0%
Often 5% 5% 3% 5% 4% 6% 13% 0% 4% 0% 9% 3%
Sometimes 16% 22% 18% 27% 22% 28% 21% 18% 38% 32% 39% 28%
Rarely 31% 24% 35% 22% 26% 28% 22% 56% 24% 22% 23% 25%
Never 41% 40% 41% 36% 39% 32% 37% 12% 28% 34% 8% 42%
Not sure 2% 4% 2% 3% 4% 3% 2% 0% 0% 0% 15% 0%
Not applicable 3% 1% 1% 1% 3% 2% 5% 14% 6% 7% 3% 1%
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q1085:Thinking about the library you primarily use, how strongly do you agree or disagree with each of the statements?
60%
54%
48%
41%
34%
32%
18%
63%
58%
51%
45%
37%
33%
19%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
I trust the library
I have the samepersonality online as I
do in person
The longer I use thelibrary in person, the
more I trust it
I trust the people Imeet in the library
I prefer to remainanonymous
The longer I use thelibrary Web site(s),
the more I trust it
I trust the people Imeet through the
online library
Total U.S. RespondentsLibrarians
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q1066_5: Considering the library you primarily use, please rate the degree to which you agree or disagree with the following statements about its online Web site: It has rules on how my personal information will be used.
53%strongly agree orsomewhat agree
12%neither agreenor disagree
3% somewhat disagree
24%not sure
8%not
applicable29%
stronglyagree
24%somewhat
agree
1% strongly disagree
Total General Public
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q911: Please rate how private, if at all, the following information is to you.
Total General PublicTotal U.S. RespondentsLibrarians
Books you have read
Subjects of interest to you (e.g., hobbies,music, articles/journals, etc.)
Items you have checked out online from thelibrary
Items you have browsed for at an onlinebookstore
Items you have browsed for in person at abookstore
Items you have checked out in person fromthe library
Subjects you searched while using thelibrary Web site
Subjects you searched while at the library
Items you have purchased from a bookstorein person
Items you have purchased from an onlinebookstore
Subjects you have searched on theInternet
Library card number
Social security number or other governmentissued personal identification number
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q926:For each of the following, please rate how private, if at all, your activity is while using…
Total General PublicTotal U.S. RespondentsLibrarians
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Online banking/investment Web sites
E-mail at home
Land line telephones at home
Cell phones
Search engines
Social networking Web sites
Social media Web sites
Cable TV
Online bookstores
A library Web site
The library's print collections
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q1076: In thinking about privacy, how important, if at all, is it to you that the library you primarily use would keep ...? Base: General Public
Q1161: Q1161: Please rate how private, if at all, you feel the following information is to your users. Base: Librarians
Total General PublicTotal U.S. RespondentsLibrarians
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
A policy on privacy
Your information requested from a librarian in person private
Your information requested from the librarian online private
Your items that you borrowed from the library in person private
Your items that you borrowed from the library online private
Your personal information private
Your searching/browsing patterns on the library Web site or other online services private
Your searching/browsing patterns while at the library in person private
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q971:Thinking about the social networking Web sites you use, how strongly do you agree or disagree
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
I have the same personality online as I do in person
These Web site(s) help build new relationships
These Web site(s) help maintain my current relationships
The longer I use the Web site(s), the more I trust it
I prefer to remain anonymous when using the Web site(s)
I trust the Web site(s)
I trust the people I meeton the sites
Total U.S. RespondentsLibrarians
LinkLink
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Q1210:Library's role to build a social networking siteBase: Use the library
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
General Public Total U.S. Respondents Librarians
Not SureNoYes
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
What They Said - Why do you think that it should not be the library’s role to build social networking sites in your community?
I don't know. What I do know is that this survey is way too long, and asking the same questions over and over again. Female 20, Canada
Libraries are for collecting and sharing books and other works. That is all. Female, 14 Canada
Their job is to provide books, that’s all. Male 78, US
la bibliothèque a un rôle social, certes mais a comme but essentiel le prêt de livres[The library has a social role, sure but the essential purpose is to lend books.] Female 16, France
Because I think a library is about storing, lending books etc,the more they diversify the worse the service seems to get, they seem to forget their core service to be seen as 'trendy‘ Female 74, UK
The library is there to lend books, not anything else. Libraries are one of the few things left which haven't been too taken over as yet by technology. Female, 17 UK
[Because I think that a library has no business doing that.] Male 18, Japan
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
What They Said - Why do you think that it should not be the library’s role to build social networking sites in your community?
ich bestimme meine sozialen Kontakte selbst, dafür brauche ich zuallerletzt die Bibliothek[I determine my social contacts myself. A library is the last place I would go for that.] Male 16, Germany
Because there's plenty of other people and organisations that can do that. Libraries should be about knowledge and learning, not social networking. Besides, libraries aren't 'cool', so it likely wouldn't be a big hit. Female 16, UK
[The duty of a library is the lending out of and referencing of books, and other things are useless.] Male 52, Japan
they are in the business of providing access to information, not access to other people! Male 48, US
The library is a place to go to gain knowledge not find your next wife. Many of the libraries are publically funded so I don't want my money going towards such a program. Male 20, Canada
Libraries are publicly funded and could be doing better things eg more books. Male 69, UK
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
What We Said - Why don't you think it should be the library's role to build social networking sites for your community?
It takes too much of the librarian's time---like this survey. (70)
In our library, it would not be used. Our students are apathetic. In a public library, this may be useful and beneficial for the community. Even in a larger academic library it may work for a library to have a myspace presence, but I don't think it would work here. (31)
The only capacity in which I should have a role is for marketing, current awareness, and solicitation for collection development ideas. Otherwise, I have more important things to spend my time on. (42)
We should not reinvent the wheel; successful social networking sites already exist. However, we can take the best parts of social networking sites and incorporate them into our own sites for our own community of users.(32)
In spite of all the 'Library 2.0' BS floating around these days, I do not feel that social networking is a legitimate function of the library. We have PLENTY of other collections and services to keep us busy providing to the public. I simply do not find social network a useful addition to that. (55)
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
What We Said - Why don't you think it should be the library's role to build social networking sites for your community?
We've tried. The community prefers the anonymity of commercial sites. In a small town, no matter what your avatar may be--you are known. (60)
social networking isn't one of our purposes (33)
Because the library is designed to collect, organize and disseminate materials that meet the needs of its users. It also has a responsibility to protect the privacy of people using those materials. Social networking sites built by the library would violate that privacy responsibility. However, if users wanted to create a social networking site, the library could have a place within that site as a resource -- just as it does in the 'real' community. (62)
We have a written internet policy against using chat rooms, networking sites, etc. (55)
I don't view libraries as a social environment. A shared environment maybe, but not social. We are about connecting individual users to information - not connecting users with users.(43)
I work in a seminary (53)
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Thank you! More to Come!All OCLC reports are available for download at http://www.oclc.org/reports.
This report’s website http://
www.oclc.org/reports/privacyandtrust/default.htm
Alane – [email protected]