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7/29/2019 Ocean Electricity
1/11
OCEAN ELECTRICITY (pelamis)
A NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCE
AVR & SVR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
AND TECHNOLOGY
NANDYAL (KURNOOL.DIST)
PRESENTATION BY:
FURQUAN NADEEM,
III EEE,
8500783663,AVR & SVR CET,
NANDYAL, KURNOOL (dist), [email protected].
V.DINESH,
III EEE,
9160836151,
AVR & SVR CET,
NANDYAL, KURNOOL (dist), A.P.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]7/29/2019 Ocean Electricity
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Abstract:
Over the last few years development associated with low or even
zero based greenhouse gas emitting energy sources is on its
peak. More recently volatility in the price of oil and gas has
increased the number of problems of low greenhouse gas
emitting energy sources. Our paper mainly concerns in this
aspect to produce electricity with the lowest p/kWh with no-fuel
and delivers power at round the clock without any pollution at88% efficiency with 750Kw rated value . Hence we go for Ocean
energy with Gaint Sea Snake - ( Pelamis Wave Energy
Converter).
About Wave Energy:
Wave energy is a concentrated form of solar energy: the Sunproduces temperature differences across the globe, causing
winds that blow over the ocean surface. These cause ripples,
which grow into swells. Such waves can then travel thousandsof miles with virtually no loss of energy. Dont confuse these
deepwater waves with the waves you see breaking onthe
beach. When a wave reaches shallow water (roughly when thedepth of the water is less than half a wavelength), it slows
down, its wavelength decreases and it grows in height, whichleads to breaking. The major losses of energy are through
breaking and through friction with the seabed, so only afraction of the resource reaches the shore.A wave carries both
kinetic and gravitational potential energy. The total energy ofa wave depends on two factors: its height H and its period
T.The power carried by the wave is proportional to H*H andto T, and is usually given in watt per meter of incident wave
front.P=(H)square*(T)/2 KW/m.
Pelamis Wave Power Ltd :
Pelamis Wave Power (www.pelamiswave.com) has been
developing the Pelamis technology for the past 10 years,Headquartered in Edinburgh,Scotland. The prototype for
the Portuguese machines was launched in February 2004 andfirst supplied electricity to the UK grid in August 2004. The
company has worked closely with a wide range ofPortuguese suppliers in the development of this project and
with a view to the onward commercial roll out of thetechnology in Portugal. And successfully Pelamis power
plant was established in jan-2007 with commercial success at
PORTUGAL.
Developing of Pelamis
Engineering development:
1998 2003: 1/20 and 1/33-scale models tested tophysically validate numerical simulations of wave
energy absorption efficiency and mooring loads
(survivability).
2001 ongoing: 1/7-scale model tested in large tank(regular waves) and Firth of Forth (random waves) to
develop control system
2002 ongoing: Full-scale power module bench rig
tested to qualify mechanical and electrical
components and to assess MTBF (reliability) andcontrol system performance
Commercial Devolopment:
Two main requirements governed the design of the Pelamismachine: survivability and availability .A wave energy
converter should be designed to resist any sea state, even themost extreme one, and then designed to maximize the power
capture. In addition,Pelamis is designed to use readilyavailable components; it is innovative in its over-all design
and assembly. Pelamis Wave Power were very thorough in
their development of Pelamis. They used severalnumerical (computer) models of different levels of
complexity, and many scale models were built and tested inwave tanks to validate the numerical predictions .In 2004 a
full-scale prototype was tested in the
North Sea and later installed in the European Marine EnergyCentre. The success of the test programme led to the sale of
three machines to a Portuguese consortium lead by Enersis.These machines have been assembled in a shipyard in
Portugal and they are being installed about now (autumn2007). A second stage with 27 more machines is already
planned. The next few years will determine if the new waveenergy industry can emulate what has been created for wind
energy in the recent past. The technology exists, conditionshave never been better and the sea has been waiting for far too
long.
Pelamis Wave Energy converter:
The Pelamis Wave Energy Converter also known as GAINT
SEA SNAKE - (Pelamis Wave Power, 2009) was developed
by Pelamis Wave Power Ltd (previously Ocean Power
Delivery). This is worlds first medium scale commercial
successfully running wave/ocean energy power plant
producing 1,407 MWH/year with a rated capacity of 750kw
at a efficiency of 88% . Depending on the wave resource,machines will on average produce 25-40% of the full rated
output over the course of a year. Each machine can provide
sufficient power to meet the annual electricity demand of
Approximately 500 homes
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Fig: Pelamis wave enery convertor in off-shore sea level.
The device is a semi-submerged structure composed of
cylindrical sections linked by hinged joints. The wave-induced
motion of these joints is resisted by hydraulic rams, whichpump high-pressure fluid through hydraulic motors via
smoothing accumulators. The hydraulic motors drive
electrical generators to produce electricity. Power from all the
joints is fed down a single umbilical cable to a junction on the
sea bed. Several devices can be connected together and linked
to shore through a single seabed cable.
Single Unit Details
Fig: Pelamis unit at the service center in portugal.
Current units are 140 m long and 3.5 m in diameter with 3power conversion modules per machine. Each unit is rated at
750 kW. Conditions of the installation site affect the amountof energy produced by Pelamis. (Pelamis Wave Power, 2009).
The units provide hands free operation. No maintenance isneeded to be carried out offshore and no offshore intervention
is required. According to the developers it has a built insurvivability. The technology has been developed and tested
for a number of years, so it has been verified and insured. Thefirst stage of production is manufacturing power conversion
modules which contain power capture systems. The module
consists of a fabricated and painted steel structure that is
populated with systems that include motor generator set,
hydraulic cylinders, accumulators, reservoirs and electrical
control cabinets. These systems are delivered to the modulepopulation facility where they are installed, assembled and the
completed power conversion module commissioned. The
main structural fabrication consists of steel tubes, nose andyoke sections. The nose section is installed with transformer,
switchgear and control systems and is commissioned. Eachtube is fitted with cabling and connecting transits as well as
ballast to ensure the correct displacement and trim of themachine. The machine is assembled of modules and tube
segments which are joined together. These joints can be madeboth on land and in the water depending on the facilities used.
The fully assembled machine then undergoes quaysidecommissioning prior to sea-trials and on-site installation at the
wave farm.
Offshore infrastructure:
The offshore infrastructure consists of three main componentswhich are necessary to install:
(i)Mooring spreads(ii) Mubsea power cables and
(iii)Latch assembly which connects the main moorings to the
dynamic cables.The latch assembly provides a single point toconnect the Pelamis units to both the main moorings and the
power cables. All components and sub-systems within thePelamis power take-off and conversion systems have been.
Pelamis has been designed to be a fault tolerant generatingsystem with the incorporation of multiple levels of
redundancy throughout all systems (structural, moorings,hydraulics, electrical and control) and with all failure paths
ending with inherently safe modes so that the survivability,
station-keeping and in most cases; generating functionality ofthe system is not compromised. This unique, fault tolerantcapacity is central to operating and maintaining a generator in
the harshest of environments, where opportunities formaintenance interventions can be very limited, especially
through heavy storm seasons (Pelamis Wave Power, 2009).
There are several projects both ongoing and planned whichinvolve Pelamis device deployment:
(i) Aguuadoura, Portugal (Power Technologies, 2009) the first multiunit wave farm, with three machines
in operation,
(ii) planned Orcadian Wave Farm, UK four Pelamismachines planned to be installed in Orkneymainland, Scotland,
(iii) Wave Hub, UK the UK first offshore facility forthe demonstration and proving of the operation of
arrays of wave energy generation devices (PelamisWave Power, 2009).
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How does it work?
Ocean Power Deliverys solution is named Pelamis, after
Pelamis platuru s, a meter-long sea snake which lives in the
Indian and Pacific Oceans. The Pelamis wave energy
converter is 150 m Long and has a diameter of 3.5 m. 74
members of staff work on Current projects and are also
developing future generations of Machines. The Pelamis is asemi-submerged, articulated floating structure composed of
four long cylindrical sections linked by hinged joints. At each
joint there is a power conversion module. Its mooring
System ensures that the Pelamis machine aligns itself head-onwith incoming waves. How does Pelamis make electricity?
As waves travel down the length of the machine the structure
Bends around the joints.
This motion pushes hydraulic rams that pump high-pressure
oilThrough hydraulic motors.
The hydraulic motors drive generators to produce electricity.
Power from all the joints is fed down a single umbilicalcable to a junction on the seabed.
fig: power generating unit.
The Technologies
The WEC device chosen for the San Francisco point design isthe Pelamis from Ocean Power Delivery (OPD). The device
consists of a total of 4 cylindrical steel sections, which areconnected together by 3 hydraulic power conversion modules
(PCM). Total length of the device is 120m and device
diameter is 4.6m. Figure 7 shows the device being tested off
the Scottish coast. Individual units are arranged in wave farmsto meet specific energy demands in a particular site as
illustrated in Figure.
Figure : Pelamis pre-production prototype undergoingsea-trials
Figure : A typical Pelamis wave farm
The following sections provide a high level overview of the
different subsystems that are device specific. Subsystemscovered include the power conversion modules (PCM), the
structural steel sections and the mooring system. The summary
table below shows the key specifications of the Pelamis.
Table 1: Pelamis Device Specifications
Structure
Overall Length 123 m
Diameter 4.6m
Displacement 700 tons
Nose 5m long conical drooped
Power Take Off 3 independent PCMs
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Total Steel Weight 380 tons
Power Conversion Module (PCM)
Power Take Off 4 x
hydraulic rams (2 heave, 2
sway)
Ram Speed
0 0.1 m/s Power Smoothing Storage
High pressure Accumulators
Working Pressure 100 350 barsPower Conversion 2 xvariable displacement
motors
Generator
2 x 125kW Generator speed
1500 rpm
Power
Rated Power 750kW
Generator Type Asynchronous
System Voltage 3-phase,415/690VAC 50/60Hz
Transformer 950kVA stepup to required voltage
Site Mooring
Water depth > 50m
Current Speed < 1 knot
Mooring Type Compliant slack moored
Fig 1: System Level Design of PCM at San Francisco
Offshore Wave Power Plant.
As illustrated in Figure-2, a total of 3 power conversion
modules (PCMs) connect the 4 individual steel tubes forming
a Pelamis device. Each PCM contains a heave and sway joint.
The modular power-pack is housed in a second fully sealed
compartment
behind the ram
bay so that in the
event of seal
failure only the
hydraulic rams
are immersed.
Access to all
system
components is via
a hatch in the top
of the power
conversion
module.
Maximum
individual The
wave- component
weight is less than
3 tons to allowreplacement using
light lifting
equipment
induced motion of
each joint is
resisted by sets of
hydraulic rams
configured as
pumps. These
pump oil into
smoothingaccumulators
which then drain
at a constant rate
through a
hydraulic motor
coupled to an
electrical
generator.
Table 2 : Pilot Plant Pelamis Performance
Device Rated Capacity 750kW
Annual Energy Absorbed 1,229 MWh/year
Device Availability 85%
Power Conversion Efficiency 80%
Performance Reduction to
demo-site (35m)80%
Annual Generation at bus bar 668 MWh/year
Average Power Output at busbar
760kW
Table 5: Commercial Plant Pelamis Performance
Device Rated Capacity 500kW
Annual Energy Absorbed 1,683 MWh/year
Device Availability 95%
Power Conversion Efficiency 88%
Annual Generation at bus bar 1,407 MWh/year
Average Electrical Power at
bus bar161 kW
Pelamis required to meettarget 300,000 MWh/yr
213
The Power Conversion Module (PCM)
_______________________________________
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Fig 2: 3-power generating units of Pelamis.
The accumulators are sized to allow continuous, smooth output
across wave groups. An oil-to-water heat exchanger isincluded to dump excess power in large seas and provide the
necessary thermal load in the event of loss of the grid. Overallpower conversion efficiency ranges from around 70% at
low power levels to over 80% at full capacity. Each of thethree generator sets are linked by a common 690V, 3 phase
bus running the length of the device. A single transformer is
used to step-up the voltage to an appropriate level fortransmission to shore. High Voltage power is fed to the sea
bed by a single flexible umbilical cable, then to shore via a
conventional sub-sea cable.
Manufacturing & Assembly
Each Pelamis machine is made up of a number of similar
sections, each of which contains an identical joint assemblyand power take off equipment. The modular design of the
machine allows PWP to maximise build efficiency and allowsfor easy transition to significant production volumes.
Pelamis machines are an assembly of off the shelf proventechnology. This use of existing technology widens the
supply chain options and increases component reliability.PWP choose suppliers and manufactures who work to the
highest quality, safety and sustainability practices. We arecommitted to developing strong relationships with both new
and existing suppliers to share and develop knowledge.
.Fig: Internal parts of PCM.
The key stages of manufacturing
Sub assembly of major power take-off components
Hydraulic cylinders, motors, generators, reservoirs,accumulators and associated piping and wiring are assembled
and commissioned. A key difference between the P2 andearlier designs is that the power modules are assembled on
an open frame before posting into the tube sections. Thisminimizes costs and speeds up manufacture.
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Photo above: PWP engineers assemble the motor
generator sets.
Structural steel tube and power module fabrication:
Tube fabrication can be carried out close to the site of the
project to minimise transport costs.
Photo above: Steel cans are welded together to form
longer tubes at PWPs facility in Leith photo courtesy of
Rob McDougall.
Tube assembly and painting:
The power modules are joined to the tubes and installation ofthe sub assemblies and wiring is completed.
Tube Launch:
The tubes are currently individually lifted into the water prior
to mating the joints. In future, a slipway could be used to
cheaply and quickly launch fully assembled machines orindividual sections.
Photo above: A tube section (with integrated power
module) is lifted into the water.
Final assembly & Commissioning:
Tubes are joined together, bearing attachments are made andcable transits completed. Once in the water the machines are
ballasted to the desired level of submergence. Over half themachines final weight is ballast. The machine is then
commissioned at the quayside before being towed to theprojectsit
The first P2 Pelamis machine, owned by E.ON, arrives in
Orkney.
Installation of Pelamis WEC Plant
Prior to Pelamis machines being installed on site and gridconnected the wave farm site must first be prepared to receivethe machines. This work includes:
Pelamis Related Offshore Infrastructure:
There are three main components to the offshore infrastructurethat it is necessary to install to support a Pelamis wave farm:
Mooring Spreads:
Each machine requires its own individual mooring spread
consisting of the main moorings and a yaw restraint line. Themain moorings consist of a number of anchors connected to a
central point. The yaw restrain line is a simple single anchorand mooring line configuration. There is scope for
neighboring mooring spreads to share anchor points,depending on the anchoring techniques employed at the site.
The Pelamis mooring spread has been designed to minimize
its footprint area, allowing the highest concentration of MWcapacity to seabed space and reducing infrastructure costs (on
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a typical site up to 30MW of generating capacity could be
installed within 1km2).
Fig: Mooring Arrangement of Pelamis
Subsea Power Cables:
A power export cable is required to take the power from siteto shore. The export cable is laid by contracted cable installersin the manner and route identified in the development and
specification stage (note larger projects may require more thanone power export cable). From each array of Pelamis
machines a dynamic down feeder cable connects to the exportcable, with the machines in the array connected together via
dynamic inter-connector cables. The dynamic cables areinstalled after the mooring spreads are complete and are then
connected to the export cable. This split allows the exportcable to be installed ahead of the other offshore infrastructure,
in turn allowing work on the onshore sub-station to beconducted in parallel with the offshore work. Once connected,
the subsea cable network can be commissioned and tested forintegrity from the substation, prior to machine installation.
Fig: Sub Sea Cables
Latch Assembly:
PWP has developed a latching assembly which connects themain moorings to the dynamic cables. This latch assembly
then provides a single point to connect the Pelamis machines
to both the main moorings and the power cables. The latchassembly is the last piece of infrastructure to be installed.
PWP has conducted all installation engineering necessary for
the site construction work completed to date and has now useda wide range of installation vessels.
The modularization in the design of the offshore infrastructureprovides the greatest flexibility in the specification for the
required installation vessels, which in turn also providesflexibility in the programming of the work and the ability to
minimize installation costs (depending upon vessel
availability and current market rates). It is worth noting thatthis flexibility also applies to decommissioning a Pelamisinstallation, something which PWP has already completed
successfully.
System Design Single Unit:
Pelamis WEC device is floating on the surface and moored in
a water depth of 35m. An umbilical riser cable is connecting
the Pelamis to a junction box on the ocean floor. From thisjunction box, a double armored 3 phase cable is buried into
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the soft ocean floor sediments and brought to the sewer pipe
outfall, which extends 3.75 miles out from the shore. Thecable landing site for the demonstration site is at the San
Francisco Oceanside wastewater treatment facility. The
wastewater treatment facility is connected by a 12kVdistribution line to the nearest substation, which can be used
to feed power into the grid.
System Design - Commercial Scale Wave Power Plant:
Whereas the conceptual design of the demonstration plantsystem focused on finding existing easements, allowing the
installation of a small demonstration system in a cost effectivemanner, the commercial scale wave plant design focused on
establishing a solidcosting base case, and assessing manufacturing and true
operational costs for a the commercial-scale plant. Thecommercial scale cost numbers were used to compare energy
costs to commercial wind farms to come to a conclusion on
the cost competitiveness of wave power in this particular
location. While the demonstration plant lying within the SFexclusion zone of the Monterey Bay National Marine
Sanctuary provides an excellent demonstration opportunity, alocation further offshore will yield better economics for the
commercial plant as the wave power level is higher. Thefollowing subsections outline the electrical system setup, the
physicallayout and the operational and maintenance requirements of
such a deployment.
Electrical Interconnection and Physical Layout:
the commercial system with a total of 4 clusters, each one
containing53 or 54 Pelamis units (213 Pelamis WEC devices), connectedto sub-sea cables. Each cluster consists of 3 rows with 17 or
18 devices per row. Four sub-sea cables connect the fourclusters to shore. The electrical interconnection of the devices
is accomplished with flexible jumper cables, connecting theunits in mid-water.The introduction of four independent sub-
sea cables and the interconnection on the surface will provide
some redundancy in the wave farm arrangement. The 4
clusters are each 2.67 km long and 1.8 km wide, covering anocean stretch of roughly 11 km. The 4 arrays and their safety
area occupy roughly 20 square kilometers. Furtherdevice stacking of up to 4 rows might be possible reducing the
array length, but is not considered in this design, assubsequent rows of devices will likely see a diminished wave
energy resource and therefore yield a lower output. Sucheffects and their impacts on
performance are not well understood at present.
Based on the above setup the following key site parameters
emerged:
Array Length 11 km
Array Width 1.8 km
Device Spacing 150m
Number of Rows 3
System Voltage 26kV
Operations & Maintenance
Remote Control & Monitoring:
Once Pelamis machines have been installed on site, operation
of the machines is handed over to shore control. Pelamismachines are operated via a bespoke SCADA system with the
capability of project operation to be incorporated withinclients existing generator operating platforms. This has been
successfully demonstrated in the Aguadoura project bymachine control from the Pelamis offices in Edinburgh and
real time data feed into the Enersis SCADA system. Forfurther information see news story.
Safety:
Pelamis dedication to safety begins at the conceptual designand strategy stage. In terms of O & M strategy this means
maintenance is done offsite at an appropriate operations base
and machine handling techniques are designed to minimisemanual intervention and proximity of vessels and machines to
each other. Similarly Pelamis has developed throughexperience many tools and techniques for installation,
surveying, modification and decommissioning of subseainfrastructure without the use of divers and full consideration
of the many factors affecting safety at sea.
Rapid hands-free connection and disconnection:
Crucial to achieving high operability rates is Pelamis strategyof offsite maintenance and development of a rapid hands-
free connection and disconnection system. In bothconnection and disconnection the only manual intervention is
the connection of slack synthetic ropes on the surface prior tocontrolling the latching and unlatching mechanisms by remote
wifi link from the tow vessel. This system has increased theweather conditions in which marine operations can take place
and significantly reduce the time necessary for intervention.
Connection and disconnection is now a matter of minutes
allowing the use of much shorter weather windows whichoccur more frequently. Pelamis has successfully performed
these operations in waves of over 2m significant height and iscurrently engineering developments to stretch the limiting
weather criteria for recovery to 3.5m significant wave height.
Reliability & Multiple Redundancy:
Unlike many generators, which lose all generating capacity
through single point failures, Pelamis has been designed to be
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a fault tolerant system with the incorporation of multiple
levels of redundancy throughout all systems (structural,moorings, hydraulics, electrical and control). Additionally
failure paths , where possible, have been engineered to end
with inherently safe modes so that the survivability, station-keeping and in most cases generating functionality of the
system is not compromised. Pelamis can therefore continuegenerating electricity safely, in many cases with little or no
loss of performance, with multiple failures within its systems.Intervention strategy can then be tailored to maximise
economic performance of the farm using in-house softwarewhich Pelamis has developed rather than being driven by a
simple need for earliest possible recovery.
Preventative Maintenance:
Pelamis uses risk-based methodology to determine inspectionand preventative maintenance intervals and is gaining
valuable in-application reliability data on its componentsthrough the operation of full scale working machines. Planned
maintenance is carried out at a suitable O & M facility such as
the one established in Leixes harbor with the work targetedto occur during the months of lower wave energy.
Vessels:
Pelamis Wave Power has gained tremendous experience inapplying a broad range of vessels from large offshore anchor
handlers to small workboats and survey vessels and optimizedsystems and procedures to suit. Developing this in depth
knowledge of the vessel markets involved and the capabilitiesand working practices of the vessels and their crew has
allowed Pelamis to tailor procedures and design to maximize
operational efficiency and safety whilst building the flexibilityneeded to take advantage of market conditions to minimisecost. In doing so, Pelamis has also built effective relationships
with key players in the industry.
dvantages of pelamis wave power
Pelamis offers technological, economic and environmentaladvantages including:
Low cost of investment is less
It also displace above 2000 carbon dioxide emissions
tons per year
Avoids pollution
There is going to be only starting investment.
Minimum environmental impact.
Plenty of space plus high 'power-density'.
Survivability - 100 year wave.
100% available technology.
Hydraulic Power Take Off.
Power smoothing.
Tunable.
Maximum site flexibility.
Minimum work on-site.
Off-site maintenance.
Major advantage is no requirement of fuel.
Challenges
Disturbance or destruction of marine life (includingchanges in the distribution and types of marine life
near the shore)
Possible threat to navigation from collisions due to
the low profile of the wave energy devices above thewater, making them undetectable either by direct
sighting or by radar. Also possible is the interferenceof mooring and anchorage lines with commercial and
sport-fishing.
Degradation of scenic ocean front views from waveenergy devices located near or on the shore, and fromonshore overhead electric transmission lines
Conclusion:
In India there are many power plants producing electricity Forproduction of electricity tones of coal is going to used but
there is no land requirement and fuel cost for the pelamispower plant.. there is only needs to invest amount for
installation and runs at very low operating cost. And thepower plants 24 hrs and can provided electricity without
interruption.so compared to all power plants this the bestpower plant producing electricity 24hrs in a day without
pollution.
Offshore Demonstration Wave Power plant for a lot of
reasons, including but not limited to:
Good wave climate
Nearby harbor facilities offering marine engineering andlocal infrastructure
Forward looking city leaders with a renewable energy vision Supportive public who voted for a bond measure to
implement renewable energy by a large percentage Existing wastewater outflow pipe reducing the cost of
landing the transmission cableAnd reducing the difficulty of permitting
Existing marine sanctuary exclusion zone useful fordemonstration plant with
Minimum permitting issues Existing environmental monitoring program provides the
capability of determining
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References:
1. Boud R., 2003, Status and Research and DevelopmentPriorities, Wave and Marine Accessed Energy, UK Dept.
of Trade and Industry (DTI), DTI Report # FES-R-132,
AEAT Report # AEAT/ENV/1054, United KingdomEnergy Systems Research Unit, 2009, website accessed14/01/2009.
www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/0102/RE_info/wave%20power.htm.
2. Pelamis wave power ltd, which an UK based powergenerating company www.pelamiswave.com.
3. San Fransico Pelamis conceptual Report: E2I EPRI
Global 006A SF,Principal Investigator: Mirko
Previsic, Contributors: Roger Bedard, George
Hagerman and Omar Siddiqui.
4. Portuguese organizations including AICEP-PortugalGlobal (www.investinportugal.pt), Instituto Hidrogr.fico
(www.hidrografico.pt ), Wave Energy Centre (www.wave-energy-centre.org), INESC Porto (www.inescporto.pt)
and INETI (www.ineti.pt).
5. From the blog of Joao Cruz is a mechanical engineer atPelamis Wave Power in Edinburgh, where he developssoftware and methods to better characterise and predict the
state of the sea. He and his colleagues will be monitoringthe worlds first wave energy farm which will be installed
later this year (2007) in Portugal.www.pelamiswave.com.
http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/0102/RE_info/wave%20power.htmhttp://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/0102/RE_info/wave%20power.htmhttp://www.pelamiswave.com/http://www.pelamiswave.com/http://www.hidrografico.pt/http://www.inescporto.pt/http://www.ineti.pt/http://www.ineti.pt/http://www.pelamiswave.com/http://www.pelamiswave.com/http://www.pelamiswave.com/http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/0102/RE_info/wave%20power.htmhttp://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/0102/RE_info/wave%20power.htmhttp://www.pelamiswave.com/http://www.hidrografico.pt/http://www.inescporto.pt/http://www.ineti.pt/http://www.pelamiswave.com/