Occupational Health Hazhard-dr.darwin Bulatao

7/30/2019 Occupational Health Hazhard-dr.darwin Bulatao

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OCCUPATIONAL

HEALTH HAZARDS AND

HEAT STRESS

Barakah Nuclear Power Plant Project

WORK RELATED ILL-HEALTH

BNPP Project - Occupational Health & Food Safety Awareness


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COURSE CONTENTS

I. CHP, Relevant Legislation & Best

Practices

II. Health Hazards

III. Ergonomics

IV. Personal Hygiene

V. Balance Lifestyle

VI. Stress Awareness



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CHP RELEVANT LEGISLATIONS & BEST PRACTICES

No Harm to Resources

Clear affirmation that accident & harm to people

will be unacceptable in the project.

HSJV target is zero occupational health incidents.

Improve on Current Best Industry Practice.

HSJV will continuously seek Health & Safety

excellence through regular monitoring andimprovement.



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HEALTH HAZARD

TOPICS

1. CHEMICAL HAZARDS2. PHYSICAL HAZARDS

3. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS AND ERGONOMICS

4. Carcinogens, Mutagens, Teratogens

5. Radiation

6. Industrial Dermatitis

7. Noise Induced Deafness

8. Biological Hazards9. Heat Stress



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Occupations Potential Health Hazards

Brickmasons Cement dermatitis, awkward postures, heavy loads

Drywall installers Plaster dust, heavy loads, awkward postures

ElectriciansHeavy metals in solder fumes, awkward posture, heavyloads, asbestos

Painters Solvent vapors, toxic metals in pigments, paint additives

Pipefitters Lead fumes and particles, welding fumes, asbestos dustCarpet layers Knee trauma, awkward postures, glue and glue vapor

Insulation workers Asbestos, synthetic fibers, awkward postures

Roofers Roofing tar, heat

Carpenters Noise, awkward postures, repetitive motionDrillers, earth, rock Silica dust, whole-body vibration, noise

Excavating and loadingmachine operators

Silica dust, histoplasmosis, whole-body vibration, heatstress, noise

Hazardous waste

workersHeat stress, toxic chemicals

Some Examples of Construction Health Hazards


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Types of Health Hazards

Chemical

Physical

Biological

Ergonomic

Health hazards are generally grouped as:

Ergonomic hazards are the most frequently occurring health hazards

in construction and the cause of most injuries.


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Chemical Hazards

Chemicalscan exist in the form of:

dusts, fumes, fibers (solids)

liquids, mists

gases, vapors

welding fumes

spray paints cutting oil mists

solvents

hexavalent chromium

Examples of

chemicalhazardsfound in

constructionwork:

asbestos

lead silica

cadmium

carbonmonoxide

Chemicals are found in variety of products used at construction sites. Workers

may also be exposed to chemicals generated during construction activities.


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Chemical Hazards

inhalation

Chemicals can enter the body through:

breathed in

ingestion

absorption

accidental swallowing througheating, drinking, or smoking

absorbed through contact with skinor eyes

Inhalation is typically the most common waychemicals can enter the body in a work situation.

Injection, in which a chemical enters the body when the skin is

punctured, occurs rarely (e.g., paint from a high-pressure spray gun).


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Chemical Hazards

HEALTH EFFECTS EXPOSURE EXAMPLE

ACUTE

Appears immediately orwithin short time followingexposure, (minutes or

hours); death possiblefrom some hazardoussubstances

Typically sudden,short-term, highconcentration

Headache,collapse ordeath from high

levels of carbonmonoxide

CHRONIC

Usually develops slowly,as long as 15-20 years or

more

Continued orrepeated for a

prolonged period,usually years

Lung cancerfrom exposure

to asbestos

Some chemicals can have both acute and chronic effects,

e.g., carbon monoxide.

Two types of health effects from chemical exposure


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Acute or Chronic

Acute:

Surface immediately after short

exposure

Normally short exposure time and

large dosage

Take from a few minutes to a fewhours for symptoms to show



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Chronic:

Surfaces only after repeated exposure

Normally long exposure time and small

dosage

Take months or years to developsymptoms.

Acute or Chronic



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Localized or Systemic

Localized:

Damage will be sighted on the point/site of

contact.

Example:Burns cause redness/blisters

on skin



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Localized or Systemic

Systemic:

Systemic poisons targets specific organs (Liver,

brain, kidney) Examples are:

Hepatotoxinscause liver damage (Carbon Tetrachloride)

Nephrotoxinscause kidney damage (Uranium)

Neurotoxincause nerve system damage (Mercury)



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Asbestos

AVOID BREATHING AIRBORNE

ASBESTOS FIBERS

asbestos pipe insulation

Construction workers may be exposed toasbestos during demolition or remodeling

of older buildings built before 1980 whichcan contain asbestos insulation, or otherasbestos containing products. Asbestosremoval can only be done by speciallytrained asbestos workers.

Asbestos exposure can cause breathingproblems, lung cancer and cancer of thelung lining many years after exposure.


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ASBESTOSIS


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Welding Fumes

Welding fumes contain avariety of chemicals dependingon what is being welded on,chemical makeup of welding

rods, fluxes and shieldinggases.

Generally, welding in confinedspaces or welding on stainlesssteel which generateshexavalent chromium, are themost hazardous weldingactivities.

Welding on a stainless steel tank

Welding in a confined space


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SolventsA variety of solvents with varying degrees

of toxicity are used in construction. They

are in paints, glues, epoxies and otherproducts.

Generally, the possibility of exposure to

excessive amounts of solvent vapors is

greater when solvents are handled inenclosed or confined spaces.

Solvents can:- Irritate your eyes, nose or throat,

- Make you dizzy, high, sleepy, give you aheadache or cause you to pass out,

- Affect your judgment or coordination,

- Cause internal damage to your body,

- Dry out or irritate your skin.


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Silica more than just dust

Silica or quartz dust exposure is very common in constructionfrom drilling, cutting or grinding on concrete, sandblasting, rock

drilling or in masonry work.

Exposure to excessive silica dust causes lung scarring and lungdisease over time.

Brick cutting Concrete cuttingBlowing concrete dust with

compressed air


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SILICOSIS


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Lead

Construction workers can be exposed to lead on bridge repair

work, lead paint removal on metal structures or buildings or

demolition of old buildings with lead paint, or using lead solder.

Lead is highly toxic and can cause severe, long term health problems.


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Lead poisoning (also known

as plumbism, colica

Pictonum, saturnism, Devon colic,orpainter's

colic) is a medical condition in humans and

other vertebrates,caused by increased levels of

the heavy metal lead in the body.

Lead interferes with a variety of body processes

and is toxic to many organs and tissues including

the heart, bones, intestines, kidneys, andreproductive and nervous systems.

Signs or symptoms that may be related to over-exposure to lead are:


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Signs or symptoms that may be related to over-exposure to lead are:

Tiredness or weakness

Irritability

Trouble sleeping

Headache

Difficulty concentrating

Aches or pains in stomach

Anorexia

Constipation

Nausea

Weight loss

How does lead affect adults?

Impotency

Brain and nervous system damage

High blood pressureDigestive problems

Kidney problems

Anemia

Reproductive system problems

Hearing, vision and muscle coordination problems


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Confined Spaces

Exposure to chemicals or lack of oxygen in confined

spaces can be deadly.Airborne chemicals can quickly

reach dangerous levels in confined

spaces that are not ventilated.

Carbon monoxide, hydrogen

sulfide, welding fumes and solventvapors are typical confined space

chemical hazards.

In some confined spaces, oxygen

deficiency will cause the person

entering to instantly collapse.

Confined spaces include manholes, sewers, vaults, tanks, and boilers in

new construction or in repair and maintenance work.

As many co-workers who attempt rescue die in confined spaces as the

original worker who collapsed.

CONFINED SPACES


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CONFINED SPACES


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Physical Hazards

Noise

Vibration

Temperature extremes

Radiation

Physical hazards are different types of energy which may be

hazardous to workers. They include:

Ph i l H d N i


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Physical Hazards NoiseProbable noise levels of some common construction

equipment at operators ear

Prolonged exposure toexcessive noise levelscan cause noise-inducedhearing loss. Noise levelsabove 85 decibels can

cause hearing loss.

When you are exposed toexcessive noise levels, thefirst stage is temporary

hearing loss.

Over time, the hearing lossbecomes permanent.

Equipment or Tool Noise level willprobably exceed:

Back hoe 85 decibels

Bulldozer 87 decibels

Chopsaw 92 decibels

Grader/scraper 107 decibels

Front end loader 90 decibels

Jackhammer 102 decibels

Nail-gun 97 decibels

Router 90 decibels

Welding equipment 92 decibels


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Physical Hazards Noise

Type of equipment beingoperated

Condition/maintenance ofthe equipment

Other equipment running atthe same time

Enclosed or partially

enclosed spaces

Several factors influence the noise levels to whichworkers are exposed:

High noise levels can be sporadic in construction. Damage to hearing is

cumulative and exposure limits are based on 8-hour averages. Workers not

using or operating equipment are often exposed to excessive noise as

much as the operators.


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Types of Hearing Protection



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Physical Hazards Whole Body Vibration

Whole-body vibration canoccur from operating largemobile equipment, such as

drillers, air hammers, piledrivers, tractors, graders,excavators, earth-movingequipment, and other

large machinery.


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Physical Hazards VibrationHand-arm vibration can result from using hand-held

power tools, such as pneumatic drills and hammers,

and disc grinders.

Hand-arm vibration may cause carpal

tunnel syndrome, a disease that affectsthe fingers and hands. In the long run,permanent damages to the nerves willresult in a loss of the sense of touchand dexterity.

Working in a cold and dampenvironment can aggravate the harmfuleffects of hand-arm vibration.

CARPA TUNNE SYNDROME


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CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME


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Physical Hazards Temperature Extremes

A change in body temperature due to extreme work environmental conditions

can lead to stress or illness from heat or cold. If not treated in time, both heat

and cold stress/illness can develop into life-threatening situations.

Heat illnesses:

Heat rash

Fainting

Heat cramps

Heat exhaustion

Heat stroke

Cold illnesses and injuries:

Frost nip

Immersion injury (trench foot) Frost bite

Hypothermia

Heavy work in high temperatures can cause muscle cramps, dehydration,sudden collapse, and unconsciousness.

Cold temperatures can lead to fatigue, irregular breathing, confusion, and

loss of consciousness (hypothermia).


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Physical Hazards Heat

prolonged work underdirect sunlight in summer

(e.g., asphalt paving or

roofing in summer)

wearing impermeable

protective clothing when

doing heavy work

Hot conditions can occur from:

working in an enclosed area with a strong heat source,poor ventilation, and high humidity (e.g., heavy equipmentoperators in an enclosed cab with without sufficientventilation)


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Physical Hazards Cold

cold air temperatures

rain, snow, sleet, or other

wet weather conditions

windy conditions

underground construction

work

working over water and

falling in

Cold conditions:


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Physical Hazards Ionizing Radiation

X-rays and gamma rays fromequipment used to gauge the density

and thickness of pipes, to inspectwelds, or for detecting weakness ofmetal structures

radioactive isotopes from flow meters

Health effects: increased risk of developing cancer and genetic disease.


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Physical Hazards non-ionizing radiation

ultraviolet light from sunlight & welding

infrared radiation from torch weldingand cutting

radio waves from radio transmissiondevices ( roof-top dishes & antennas)

lasers used for aligning, ranging, andsurveying are usually low-powered butcan cause eye injuries if directlyviewed for extended time

skin cancer

eye damage

premature skin aging

burns

Health effects:

Rooftop radio antenna

Welding ultraviolet light

Bi l i l H d


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Biological Hazards

Biomeans life, living.

Hazardmeans a source of danger .

Biohazardsare dangers come from living organisms

and includes Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Parasites,

Insects, Plants, Birds, Animals and Humans.

Infectious Diseasesremains a major cause of death

and debility and are responsible for worsening the

living conditions of millions of people around the world.



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Biological Hazards

Microorganisms (e.g.,bacteria, viruses,fungi, molds)

Diseases or illnesses can occur from biological sources:

Some of these diseases are minor infections; others can be serious or deadly.

SALMONELLA AMOEBA VARICELLA VIRUS

SALMONELLOSIS


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SALMONELLOSIS


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SALMONELLA PATHOGENESIS

AMEBIASIS


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AMEBIASIS


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Biological Hazards

Exposure may occur during demolition, renovation, sewer work, workon air handling systems, or other construction work from contact withcontaminated or disease-carrying:

soil

water insects (mosquitoes, ticks)

bird or bat droppings

animals

structures

Pigeon droppings in abandoned building


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Ergonomic Hazards

Ergonomic hazards can cause painful and disabling injuries to

joints and muscles. The can occur from: heavy, frequent, or awkward lifting

repetitive tasks

awkward grips, postures using excessive force, overexertion

using wrong tools for the jobor using tools improperly

using improperly maintained tools

hand-intensive work

Ergonomic hazards are the most frequently occurring health hazards in

construction and the cause of most injuries.

E i H d


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Ergonomic Hazards

strains and sprains

one of the most common

injuries among

construction workers

tendonitis

carpal tunnel syndrome

low back pain

fatigue

can lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and injuries:


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Multiple health hazards

In some cases, workers can be exposed to several health

hazards at the same time or on the same worksite over time.

This worker is simultaneously exposed to noise,

silica dust, vibration and ergonomic hazards.

HEAT STRESS


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HEAT STRESS

H t St


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Heat Stress

Factors Affecting Heat Stress include:

Air movement

Radiant heat ( hot vessels & sun)

Clothing

Humidity ( above 60 %)

Work rate (Mild/ Moderate/Heavy)

If not controlled

HEAT STRESS

MAY OCCUR!!!


H t St


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Heat Stress

Effects of heat stress on your body

Heat Rash (prickly heat)

Heat Cramps (painful spasms of muscles)

Heat Exhaustion (feeling weak)

Heat Stroke (life threatening!)


H t St


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Heat Stress

Heat Rash ( prickly heat ) Occur in hot & humid

environments, where sweat is not easily removed from

the skin surface by evaporation.

Heat Crampsare painful spasms of the muscles that

occur when workers drink large amounts of water butfail to replace their electrolyte losses.

Occur when acclimatized worker carry out intense

physical activity.

Cramps may occur during or after working hours, usuallyin the lower extremities, abdomen



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Heat Stress

Heat Exhaustion salt & water (electrolytes) loss due

excessive sweating, symptoms:

Weak, fatigued, tired

Headache, dizziness

Intense thirst Nauseous

Cramps, usually abdominal

Cold clammy pale skin

Rapid shallow breathing Rapid weak pulse

Disoriented

Fainting


H t St


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Heat Stress

Hot red skin (Over 40C)

No sweating Very rapid weak pulse

Slow shallow breathing

Confused

Tremors, seizures

Delirium

Coma

Heat Strokeoccurs when the bodys heat regulating

Mechanism fail. Too dehydrated to sweat anymore.mortality rate as high as 70%. The signs are:


Ri k F t


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Risk Factors

Dehydration

Lack of acclimatization

Physically unfit

Lack of sleep

Alcohol consumption, tea, coffee Medical condition (cold, flue)

Some medications & drugs

Education



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Prevention

Drink as much as you need

Rotate work ( from hot to cool areas)

Report to your Supervisor or Nurse at first sign

of any problem

Rest 10-15 minutes for every hour of work or 5

7 minutes every 30 minutes in extremely hotweather

Remember! An Ounce of Prevention is Better than aPound of Cure!!


Th l f i t ll h d h d t d !


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The color of urine tells you how dehydrated you are!


Ergonomics= is the scientific discipline concerned with the


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gunderstanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a

system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and

methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall

system performance.

What can be done to minimize this strain?

It is recommended that a person break for 5-10 minutes

for every hour spent at a workstation.

Vary the work tasks, by carrying out other duties or tasks thatinvolve moving around or changing body position.

Stand up and move around.

Look away from the screen occasionally and focus your eyes onan object far away.

Take regular rest breaks to ease muscle aches, eye strain andstress.

Relax your muscles, stretch and change position.


Ergonomics (Exercises)


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P l H i


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Personal Hygiene

Personal Hygieneis the first step to good groomingand good health.

Good Grooming Practices:

Shampoo with hair conditioner

Use skin lotion with UV protection, skin moisturizers

Protect your hands by using appropriate gloves

Cut fingernails, toenails weekly and clean them

Feet Wash, clean, wipe & let dry thoroughly before

putting your socks on to avoid athletes foot.


BALANCE LIFESTYLE


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BALANCE LIFESTYLE

Lifestyleis a way of life that reflectspersons attitudes and values.


BALANCE LIFESTYLE


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BALANCE LIFESTYLE

Health Promoting Behaviors?

Maintain Healthy Body Weight

Eat Nutritious Foods

Regular Physical Activity/Exercise

Enough Sleep

Stress Management

Abstinence from Tobacco & Alcohol

Positive Attitude



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STRESS AWARENESS

Stressis a body condition that occurs in response to

actual or anticipated difficulties in life.

Causes of Stress are called Stressors and

can be caused by:

Biological

Environmental

Life Situations

Behaviors

Cognitive activities



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Awareness is the key to managing stress.

STRESS AWARENESS

Common Signs of Stress:

Headaches

Upset stomach Increased heart rate

Hypertension

Muscle tension

Mental depression

Anxiety Lack of energy

Poor concentration

Sadness

Forgetfulness



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STRESS AWARENESS

Typical Reactions to Stress:

Social withdrawal

Increase use of tobacco, alcoholor drugs

Feelings of helplessness aboutthe situation.

Irritable

Change in eating habits

Difficulty sleeping

Easily Angered

Stress Related Illnesses:

Duodenal Ulcers

Hypertension

Arrhythmias Heart attacks

Colds

Flu

Nervous breakdown



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Ways to Manage Stress:

Think positively and surround yourself with others who do so.

Accept that you cant control everything and be flexible.

Make a list of things to do each day and set reasonable priorities.(Get organised!)

Divide big tasks into smaller ones.

Eat balance nutritious foods.

Regular exercise to boost energy and improve your mood.




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Make time to relax. Listen to music, meditate, read or do something you

like. Avoid alcohol, tobacco and drugs which acts as a pacifier to stress and

aggravates stress.

Use mistakes to learn.

Talk about things with a friend so that frustrations dont build up.

Appreciate nature.

Laugh and have fun.

Let yourself cry.



Stress Relievers:


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Stress Relievers: Deep Breathing

Stretching exercises

Aerobic exercises

Mind Over Matter ( Meditation )

Shadow boxing / Sandbag boxing (with picture of your bosspasted on the bag.)

Next time if you feel STRESSED

Remember it is just DESSERTSread backwards!

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Occupational Health Hazhard-dr.darwin Bulatao