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Obstacles to the introduction of
the e Government Fernando Galindo
Zaragoza University, Spain
LEFIS SEMINAR ON E GOVERNMENT AND DIGITAL INCLUSION
& SEGUNDO ENCUENTRO IBERO LATINOAMERICANO
SOBRE GOBIERNO ELECTRÓNICO E INCLUSIÓN DIGITAL
Jaca, 26th and 27th July 2007
Summary
I. Activities directed to solve the obstacles to the introduction of e Government and to promote the digital inclusion, by LEFIS
II. Another initiatives, in comparisonIII. Objectives of the Jaca MeetingIV. Proposals to debate
Partners
www.lefis.org114 institutions
EuropeAmericaChina India
255 persons 260 persons in the distribution list
Last Meetings
Albarracín, Spain, 18th and 19th May 2007, the LEFIS virtual campus desing
Beijing, China, 12th June 2007, Electronic signature: several experiences
Beja, Portugal, 2th May 2007, Encontro Luso-Brasileiro sobre "Prote(c)ção do Consumidor no Comércio Ele(c)trónico"
Istambul,Turkey, 2nd and 3rd February 2007, Information and Communication Technologies: Teaching of e-government
Reykjavik, Iceland, 13th -14th July, Legal informatics and egovernance as tools for the knowledge Society
Rovaniemi, Finnland,19th and 20th January 2007,The LEFIS Teaching in the Faculties of Law
Santa Catarina, Brasil, 27th -28th June, Primeiro Encontro ibero latino americano de governo electronico e inclusao digital
Vilnius, Lithuania, 13th and 14th April 2007, The Teaching of Management, e-business and e-comerce
Next Meetings
Istambul, Turkey, 3rd-14th September, LEGIS Intensive Programme on Legal Aspects of Information Society
Santa Catarina, October-November 2007, Third joint Meeting on E Government and digital inclusion
Wroklaw, Poland, 17th-18th September, LEFIS General Assembly
Books in preparation: the LEFIS Series
Ahti Saarenpää (ed.), Privacy Pilar Lasala (ed.), The on line teaching in the Faculties
of Law Erich Schweighofer (ed.), E-governance in the
information sector Javier García (ed.), The juridical responsiblity of
documentalists in the knowledge society (in Spanish) Aires Rover (ed.), Electronic Government and digital
inclusion (Spanish-Portuguese version) Cesare Maioli (ed.), Electronic Government and digital
inclusion (English version) Philip Leith (ed.), Documents and Law
R+D+I Projects in execution and evaluation
Data protection and electronic signatures: a prototype, a practice code and a theory
EGOBS: Observatory of electronic government GERSOCO: Governance and regulation
estrategies for the knowledge society Law & Ict shared virtual campus Lawful interception in IP networks, Guidelines for
potential policy Amendments.- LIGA Lefis-wide: making known the LEFIS network PRIME: Privacy and Identification Management
LEFIS activities
Concrete activities directed to solve the obstacles to the introduction of e Government and to promote the digital inclusion... Meetings Books Teaching Activities of Interdisciplinar and international
character Activities made jointly by teachers and researchers
(different specialities), civil servants, firms, public institutions and citizens
Examples of LEFIS activities
LEGIS Intensive Programme on Legal Aspects of the Information
Society: interdisciplinary programme, Turkey (3rd-14th September 2007)
LEFIS International Observatory on electronic government :
www.egobs.org LEFIS: Legal Framework for the Information Society
Learning activities Electronic Administration as model for learning Democratic use of the electronic signature (PKI:
lefis.unizar.es), Study of learning contents attending to opinions of teachers,
students and the learning context: habilities and competences
LEGIS content
Data protection and privacy
Intellectual property rights (IPR)
Copyright and patents e-Commerce Telecommunications law e-Democracy and e-
Inclusion e-Government and e-
Governance e-Administration
Security Electronic signature Ontologies XML Web 2.0 and community
computing Open source Ethics and legislation for
engineering Globalization and
technologies
Learning
Ellaboration of the LEFIS blended offer Concrete subjects as example:
Governo Eletrônico e inclusão digital (Santa Catarina)
Derecho y Nuevas Tecnologías. Administración Electrónica y Gobierno Digital (La Plata)
Administración electrónica (Zaragoza and on line, Grupo G9)
Master and graduate courses
Practical character
Learning from professional competencesUse of public key certificates:
lefis.unizar.es/pkiFrom the study on contents, made by
teachers and students attending to standards research procedures
Santa Catarina
Objetivo geral: Capacitar os alunos para a compreensão tecnológica dos
fenômenos governamentais em caráter interdisciplinar.
Objetivos específicos: Capacitar os alunos para os seguintes aspectos:
1. Pesquisar e publicar trabalhos internacionais; 2. Desenvolver conceitos técnicos e científicos; 3. Discutir soluções tecnológicas com aplicação prática; 4. Atuar como multiplicador; 5. Entendimento das atividades governamentais no contexto
digital.
Summary of results: Administración electrónica (ECTS)
Profesor
Mín Media MáxDesviación
típicaP5: Coste real de la asignatura para el alumno
P5.1 Número de créditos de la asignatura, según Plan de Estudios (en horas) 60,00 60,00 60,00 60,00 0,00P5.2 Número de horas de clases teóricas que ha asistido 45,00 20,00 40,75 45,00 6,86P5.3 Número de horas de clases prácticas que ha asistido 15,00 13,00 14,72 15,00 0,57
P5.4 Número de horas invertidas para resolución de casos 7 0,00 11,11 30,00 7,66P5.5 Número de horas de estudio invertidas 23,5 0,00 11,89 60,00 10,96P5.6 Número de horas de lecturas y trabajos adicionales invertidas 21 1,00 12,46 42,00 8,54P5.7 Número de horas de examen invertidas 2 0,00 2,29 30,00 5,75P5.8 Número de horas de autoevaluación invertidas 0 0,00 0,64 10,00 1,81P5.9 Número de horas de exposición de trabajos que ha invertido 1 0,25 3,61 20,00 5,14
P5.10 Número de horas invertidas en otras actividades (especificar las actividades): 1 0,00 0,45 6,00 1,27
AlumnosProfesor
Mín Media MáxDesviación
típicaP5: Coste real de la asignatura para el alumno
P5.1 Número de créditos de la asignatura, según Plan de Estudios (en horas) 60 60,00 60,00 60,00 0,00P5.2 Número de horas de clases teóricas que ha asistido 30 24,00 43,22 60,00 13,75P5.3 Número de horas de clases prácticas que ha asistido 30 0,00 11,44 34,00 10,48
P5.4 Número de horas invertidas para resolución de casos 14 0,00 8,22 25,00 9,42P5.5 Número de horas de estudio invertidas 15 0,00 8,56 30,00 9,77P5.6 Número de horas de lecturas y trabajos adicionales invertidas 40 0,00 6,78 15,00 4,94P5.7 Número de horas de examen invertidas 2 0,00 1,67 7,00 2,69P5.8 Número de horas de autoevaluación invertidas 0 0,00 1,22 3,00 1,09P5.9 Número de horas de exposición de trabajos que ha invertido 2 1,00 5,86 25,00 8,63
P5.10 Número de horas invertidas en otras actividades (especificar las actividades): 12 0,00 3,56 20,00 6,54
Alumnos
Horas invertidas-Varias actividades
0
10
20
30
40
P5.4 P5.5 P5.6 P5.7 P5.8 P5.9 P5.10
Mín Media Máx P rofesor
Summary of results:Administración electrónica (Acquired Competences)
Mín Media MáxDesviación
típicaP6: Competencias específicas adquiridas
(valorar entre: 1=no conseguido y 5=totalmente conseguido)
P6.1 Presentar información visual y oralmente 4,00 4,44 5,00 0,53P6.2 2,00 3,67 5,00 1,00
P6.3 Acceso a textos legales 2,00 4,44 5,00 1,01P6.4 2,00 3,78 5,00 0,97P6.5 2,00 3,67 5,00 1,00
Interpretación de textos legales en su contextoAplicación de textos legales en su contexto
Demostrar conocimiento de los principios y valores jurídicos en relación con el Proyecto de Ley para el acceso electrónico de los ciudadanos a las Administraciones Públicas
Competencias Específicas Adquiridas
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
P6.1 P6.2 P6.3 P6.4 P6.5
Mín Media Máx
Summary of results: Administración electrónica (time to acquire Knowledge)
Profesor
Mín Media MáxDesviación
típicaP7: Conocimientos Adquiridos
- Tiempo dedicado en horasP7.1 Capacidad de distinguir varias clases de aplicación jurídica 19 0,00 3,28 10,00 2,54P7.2 Conocer los diferentes métodos de interpretación de textos jurídicos 19 0,00 4,31 15,00 3,63P7.3 Capacidad de presentar y defender argumentos 67 0,00 2,83 6,00 1,73P7.4 Capacidad de encontrar documentación jurídica adecuada 3 0,00 4,33 15,00 3,86P7.5 Conocimiento básico sobre Derecho de las TIC, como ejemplo 4 0,00 3,78 20,00 5,22
Alumnos
Profesor
Mín Media MáxDesviación
típicaP7: Conocimientos Adquiridos
- Tiempo dedicado en horas
P7.1 Orígenes de las Tecnologías de la información y de la administración electrónica 10,5 1,00 5,56 20,00 5,70P7.2 20 0,50 3,28 10,00 3,09P7.3 20,5 0,00 3,78 10,00 3,49
P7.4 35,5 1,00 4,56 10,00 3,40
P7.5 20,5 0,00 4,22 10,00 3,56
P7.6 20 0,00 4,11 10,00 3,33Estado de desarrollo de la provisión de servicios administrativos públicos con ayuda de las TIC
Clasificación de servicios de Administración electrónica desde diferentes aproximacionesBúsqueda y recuperación de información adecuada sobre Administración electrónica
Principios básicos de la normativa que gobierna el uso de las TIC en relación con la Administración electrónica
Presentación práctica de ejemplos de Administración electrónica
Alumnos
Tiempo invertido para adquirir conocimentos
0
10
20
30
40
P7.1 P7.2 P7.3 P7.4 P7.5 P7.6
Mín Media Máx P rofesor
Summary of results: Administración electrónica (Acquired Knowledge)
Mín Media MáxDesviación
típicaP7: Conocimientos Adquiridos
- Valorar entre 1=no adquirido y 5=totalmente adquirido
P7.1 Orígenes de las Tecnologías de la información y de la administración electrónica 2,00 3,89 5,00 1,05P7.2 4,00 4,44 5,00 0,53P7.3
2,00 3,67 5,00 0,87P7.4
3,00 4,33 5,00 0,87P7.5
1,00 3,44 5,00 1,24P7.6
3,00 3,89 5,00 0,60
Principios básicos de la normativa que gobierna el uso de las TIC en relación con la Administración electrónica Estado de desarrollo de la provisión de servicios administrativos públicos con ayuda de las TIC
Presentación práctica de ejemplos de Administración electrónicaClasificación de servicios de Administración electrónica desde diferentes aproximacionesBúsqueda y recuperación de información adecuada sobre Administración electrónica
Alumnos
Conocimentos Adquiridos
1
2
3
4
5
P7.1 P7.2 P7.3 P7.4 P7.5 P7.6
Mín Media Máx
II. Another initiatives, in comparison
Legal Informatics Governance as approach, some time ago Social and legal obstacles for the
implementation of the Electronic Government: the risks Participation as alternative/complementary
approach Communicative theories best as
conceptual/analitical theories. The importance is in the promotion of the participation and, also,
the use of the social sciences tools
Legal Informatics
Objective: to build and to study (from 1970) an own academic knowledge area like Civil Law, Penal Law, Systems organizations...
To study the juridical information systems and/or the Law on the Information and Communication Technologies
It does not obtain good results coming from the juridical and computer science knowledge areas:
Another knowledge disciplines were early interested in the studies area
Another reason: The sweet decadence of the XIX century founded knowledge areas as only conceptual
paradigms as the person, the juridical texts, the procedure
The more convinient and interesting is the participative and interdisciplinary study of social, real, problems:
Personal data protection, security of the telecommunications, legal information systems, E- Commerce, E- Government, LEFIS, for example...
The teaching and research are organized more from concrete needs as from general conceptual categories
Electronic Government as example
The exercice of the public power with the help of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Legislative, executive and judicial powers According with the democratic principles,
charactersitics of the State of Law, specially: participation and powers division
It is the same as to say that E Government is the citizens’s participation in the exercice of the public power with the help of the ICT
The study requires political, juridical and interdisciplinary approaches. This is also to study the obstacles
But Governance as approach, some time ago
Art of government that has as objective the obtention of an economical, social and institutional development of durable character, promoting a sane equilibrium between the State, the civil society and the market of the Economy (Spanish Dictionary) Put in practice of the principle of openness, participation,
responsibility, efficienz and coherenz “the legislative road constitues frequently a part of
a more broad soluction” COM 2001 (European Commissión on Governance) Promotion of Governance is the objective of the research
Breaking Barriers to eGovernment www.egovbarriers.org, organized by request of the European Union, General Directorate of Information Society and Multimedia (2005-2007)
Obstacles Inventory
Leadership failuresFinancial inhibitorsDigital divides & choicesPoor coordinationWorkplace and organizational inflexibilityLack of trustPoor technical design
The risks: causes of the obstacles are in the Legal Foundations
Administrative law Authentication and Identification Intellectual Property Rights Liability Privacy and data protection Public administration transparency Re-use of Public Sector Information The Relationships between Public
Administrations, Citizens, and other ICT actors
Participation as alternative/ complementary approach
Exercice of the principles of the State of Law Democracy and participation Powers division
Interdisciplinary study of the Law Attending to the citizens opinions and
theoretical proposals
Possible theories to use: 1
ALEXY (from 1990): the Law is a normative system 1) called to the justice, 2) integrated by all norms que are part of a real
constitution... and 3) by the principles and normative arguments that
foundament and ought foundament the procedure of juridical application to satisfy the justice requirements
Problems.- Too near to the Governance, analytical arguments, conceptual approach, normative approach specially
Communicative theories: 2
COMMUNICATIVE CONCEPT OF LAW (from 1993): just activity of jurists with relation to juridical texts
HABERMAS (2005): an activity is only “rationaly acceptable” if the activity is put in practice by the impartial proposal of a discursive procedure of formation of opinion and will, and
TAKIKAWA (2005): 1) it exists a general obligation to solve the problems, 2) the useful form to fulfill the general obligation is to give an especial
obligation to a concrete agent, 3) we have the especial obligation to solve the problem, 4) we must associate us with others to solve several problems, 5) the optime solutions to the problems, this is: the logic, the size, the
frontiers of these associations will vary according to the natur of the problems, and
6) the frontiers of the associations are complex and with multiple levels
III. Objectives of the Jaca Meeting
Another LEFIS activity, focused on E Government and digital inclusion, this is the diagnostic on which are the more significative problems
on digital inclusion in relation with E Government the obstacles and policies to overcome the inclusion problems from concrete examples: several European countries and
another countries It has special interest the comparison with Brasil on
those topics like an exemplar case first Meeting in Brasil, one month ago (27-28th June) stays of research in Europa begin more joint meetings are foreseen this is the second Meeting
The Brasil case
The experience of the first Meeting in Santa Catarina Methodological aproaches: comparison Technical and legal approaches: comparison Several students coming from Master in Knowledge
Engineering and e Government (a joint subject) participated actively in the Meeting
Possible joint research and development in interfaces and knowledge bases retrieval and e signatures (PKIs) was explored
But where the digital inclusion problems and the initiatives to solve them are?
We have seen the cultural differences in the streets and in the roads in Brasil, but not in the discussions. These were very interesting from a methodological perspective, but initial only on digital inclusion
These will be the objective of the brasilean proposals in Jaca
Contents from the 1st Meeting: the brasilean position
Digital inclusion: needs in Brasil of technological and telecommunications infrastructure
Policies for the E Government (1999) and telecommunications in the Third World
Realizations today: a guide Legal aspects: 20.III.2007 changes in the civil
procedure are put in force Comparison between judicial systems (from Uruguay)
Juridical problems: software property, contracts, penal law, marks and industrial law, internet service providers, consumer law, tax law and internet
Contents from the 1st Meeting: the spanish position
Obstacles to the introduction of the E Government, coming from a technological centred perspective Difficulties to the introduction of technological
devices in the Administrative practice The reglaments must be adapted attending to laws,
needs and citizens participation Experiences in E Government:
The protection of the bibliographical patrimony: responsabilities of the civil servants
Advances in Electronic National Identity Card
IV. Proposals to debate
Only conceptual solutions are not more enough support? The study from Governance brings reductions to the
participative and democratic principles and approaches? The solution is discussion and participation: the principles
of the State of Law attending to the fact of the E Government and its social consequences?
LEFIS like example of participative/communicative theories and practical approachs?
The solution is to speak in this meeting on e Government and digital inclusion from a comparative and interdisciplinar perspective?
How to made two books? Electronic Government and digital inclusion I (Aires, ed.) and
II (Maioli, ed.) The LEFIS Studies?