Observations - Project Chadín 2 - Flora y Fauna.pdf

8/12/2019 Observations - Project Chadn 2 - Flora y Fauna.pdf

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Engineer Agronomist Guido Erlin Araujo Zelada

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY OFCENTRAL HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT CHADN 2 Flora and Fauna


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Notes on the projectBrazil/PeruBiological evaluationBirds

FloraFaunaMammalsFishIdentification of potential impacts

Strategy of.Programmes of evaluation


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Peru currently produces and consumes 4,500 Mw ofelectricity, adding to that a further 1,600 which is underconstruction. The 20 core components of the Maran projectwill produce a whopping 12.480 MW, almost twice as much. Isthis project designed to benefit Peru?

The Maran project far exceeds the energy needs of Peru.Just the Pongo de Manseriche plant alone will produce 4,500Mw, all the electricity currently produced by Peru. The majorbenefactor of this mega project would be Brazil and Peru,especially the Amazon, will be greatly disadvantaged becauseof the enormous impacts.

http://diariodeiqt.lamula.pe/2011/08/15/de-corina-su-hijo-el-proyecto-maranon/pacobardales


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The big question:If Brazil has many more rivers than Peru, and with good

"cashueras" (waterfalls), why would they need the Peruvianhydropower?

The answer is easy:They are encountering more and more opposition in their

own population to the construction of dams in the Amazon,which have enormous environmental and social impacts. Forthis reason they are looking to Peru, where they (wrongly)think they have less opposition. We can be forgiven for

suspecting also that Odebrecht, Eletrobras, and othercompanies in the neighboring country will have a big cut of theconstruction contracts.

http://diariodeiqt.lamula.pe/2011/08/15/de-corina-su-hijo-el-proyecto-maranon/pacobardales


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Biological evaluation of the EIS ofCHADN 2About the biological evaluation:

The evaluation of the dry season was held between September 9and 27, 2010 and in the wet season from March 20 to April 3,2011. Not all the species of flora and fauna are biologicallypresent in such short time periods in which this study was

undertaken (only 32 days). A lot of VULNERABLE and ENDEMICspecies must have been overlooked.The following statement further demonstrates this:

For SOCIAL and LOGISTICAL reasons some of the locations

evaluated in the dry season (Zone 4 - The Lucma and zone 3 -The Mango), are not assessed in the wet season, being locatedin areas very close to each other and with similarcharacteristics (zone 4 - rivera opposite Lucma and zone 3 -San Lucas).


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FLORAIn terms of flora and vegetation, there were 66 wooded speciesgrouped in 45 genus and 22 families, which were obtained from the

plots of evaluation . Also, another 17 species including two speciesof cacti and 15 herbaceous species. That is a total of 83 species.

Families who had the highest species richness were Fabaceae and

Euphorbiaceae, folowed by Cactaceae and Malvaceae, whichcomprised 60% of the total.

All registered species were expected in these ecosystems. Thelargest number registered was obtained in the lower part of thebasin and, as opposed to other interandean dry forests of theMaran River, less wooded species were present. HOWEVER, INTERMS OF ENDEMISM, THE NUMBER WAS HIGHER, THE FAMILYCACTACEAE BEING ONE OF THE ENDEMIC SPECIES THATPRESENTED ITSELF IN THE HIGHEST NUMBER.


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Jatropha curcas L.,Euphorbia. Pin


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Rauhocereus riosaniensis Espostoa blossfeldiorum

Espostoa superba Espostoa mirabilis


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According to the STUDY OF DIVERSITY AND ENDEMISM OFWOODED PLANTS IN TROPICAL FORESTS DURING THE DRYSEASON IN PERU (Palomino, 2005), it was found that tropicalforests in the dry season of the interandean system of theMaran river has 184 wooded species.

It also mentions that the Maran river system HAS ASURPRISING NUMBER OF ENDEMIC SPECIES WITH 54 TAXON.He asserts that these findings have direct implications for the

planning and implementation of conservation activities, sinceTHIS AREA HAS THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF ENDEMIC SPECIE(MARAON VALLEY), ESPECIALLY BECAUSE MANY OF THEMARE RAR AND HAVE RESTRICTED DISTRIBUTION.


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FAUNA

Regarding insects , those that this study covered in a very briefmanner, have not been recorded as protected and/orthreatened.

In the case of the group consisting of amphibians (frogs) andreptiles (lizards and snakes) , there were a total of 20 speciesin this area : 2 species of amphibians and 18 species of reptiles.

THERE WAS ONE SPECIES REGISTERED AS IN THE CATEGOOF PROTECTED AND/OR THREATENED AND 8 ENDEMICSPECIES.


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BirdsFor the bird group, 79 species had been recorded. The bird species

richness was high for the ecosystem of the Tropical Forest during theDry Season (BTES). Species were found which had widespread andalso those with restricted distribution. The latter are distributed

along the valley of the Maran River . AND IN SOME CASES, THEYARE DISTRIBUTED ALONG THE BOTTOM OF THIS. THEIRUNIQUENESS, HIGH LEVEL OF ADAPTATION, AND THE SPECIFICHAVE ATTACHED GREAT ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE TO THESEBIRDS.

The habitat with the highest number of bird species was in the DryForest Riverside-Agroecosystems and was followed by the dry forestand thorny scrub and Sabanero. In the latter it was found that themajority of the species are endemic and endangered.


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Endemic birds in the MaranIn Peru up to 2008, 1866 kinds of bird species had been identified including

124 endemic species. This means that there are more species of birds in Peruthan the U.S. and Europe combined (ECOAN, 2008). Wikipedia (2012) mentionsthat the avifauna of Peru includes 1879 species. 139 are endemic species. Thediversity of birds in Peru represents 20% of the worlds total and over 62% ofbird species in South America.

Endemism (Williams, 2005) mentions that there are many species distributionswhich remain unique to Peru. These species tend to live concentrated inhabitats, like isolated islands with a habitat similar to where these uniquespecies evolved. These areas, with such concentrations of restricted-rangespecies, are known as Endemic Bird Areas or EBAs (Endemic Bird Areas, as

defined by BirdLife International and initially appointed in 1977). In the world,218 EBAs have been identified 17 being in Peru.

EBA N 6. Maran Valley (Williams, 2005). The Valley of the Maran is one ofthe biogeografic bifurcaciones that is found in the Andes and is also a EBA

which houses 22 species in the restricted range.


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Forpus xanthops , Periquito

Cariamarillo, conocido localmentecomo Pacha loro

Incaspiza laeta , Fringilo-Inca Frenillo Anteado

Patagioenas oenops , Paloma Peruana . Turdus maranonica , Zorzal del Maran
http://celendinos.blog.galeon.com/files/2012/03/zorzal-del-mara%C3%B1%C3%B3n-11.jpghttp://celendinos.blog.galeon.com/files/2012/03/Paloma-peruana.jpghttp://celendinos.blog.galeon.com/files/2012/03/Gorri%C3%B3n-celendino1.jpghttp://celendinos.blog.galeon.com/files/2012/03/pachaloro.jpg


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Colaptes atricollis, Carpintero de cuello negro. Leucippus Taczanowskii, Picaflor de pechomanchado.

The diversity and equity values obtained were high.27 REGISTERED SPECIES (34%) ARE PRESENT IN SOME CATEGORY OFBEING THREATENED AND/OR HAVING LEGAL PROTECTION BOTHDOMESTICALLY AND INTERNATIONALLY, AS WELL AS BEING ENDEM,

with several species of commercial importance, which gives significantimportance to this group .
http://celendinos.blog.galeon.com/files/2012/03/picaflor-del-mara%C3%B1%C3%B3n-1.jpghttp://celendinos.blog.galeon.com/files/2012/03/Carpintero-celendino.jpg


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Colaespina Grande(Siptornopsis hypochondriacus )

Espinero Dorsicastao(Phacellodomus dorsalis )

Colaespina del Maran(Synallaxis maranonica )


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For the mammal group , there were a total of 27 species, three rodents,13 bats, and 11 larger mammals. Additionally, through interviews , theyvecounted nine species of large mammals including the presence of theOTTERLontra Longicaudis in Riparian forest habitat.Also the Semistriatus Conepatus skunk, Lycalopex Sechurae Sechura foxand Odocoileus Peruvianus white-tailed deer were the most abundantspecies in the areas assessed.NINE RECORDED SPECIES ARE IN THE CATEGORY OF BEING THREA

AND/OR ENDEMISM, highlighting the presence of bats and LonchophyllaPlatalina Genovensium Hesperia , little known to the eastern slopes of theAndes, and the endemic rodent Eremoryzomys Polius .


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The IUCN,the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN, International Union pour la Conservation of Nature(IUCN), in French) assesses the conservation status of thespecies Eremoryzomys Polius as "Data Deficient", since its not

really known, but this status may become threatenedbecause of habitat destruction.

Eremoryzomys polius


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In the fish group 21 species were recorded in total, 16 in the dry season and 12 inwet season. In both seasons the CHARACIDAE FAMILY WAS DOMINANT AS MUCHWEALTH AS IN ABUNDANCE, mainly Hemibrycon huambonicus (dry season) andKnodus orteguasae (wet season), the most common being between both seasonsBrycon stolzmanni, Creagrutus Holmi, Hemibrycon huambonicus, Astroblepussupramollis and Chaetostoma aff. branickii . Overall, diversity was low in only about32 days of study of all of the flora and fauna of the project area. The study alsorecognizes that found at least one species of importance for socio-economic andecological value (TO BE IMMIGRATION) are the boquichico Prochilodus nigricans ,the zngaro Zungaro zungaro (registration interviews ) and gold Brycon sp. (Log inbiological samples) and ITS SCIENTIFIC IMPORTANCE BEING IT

S NEW FOR SCIENCEa Cordylancistrus carachama sp.

Regarding the water quality indices the results were ACCEPTABLE TO REGULAR.


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FAMILIA CHARACIDAE

Hemibrycon huambonicus Knodus orteguasae

Creagrutus holmi

Chaetostoma sp.

Astroblepus sp .


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Boquichico Prochilodus nigricans Dorada Brycon sp.

Especies Migratorias

Nueva para la ciencia

Carachama . Cordylancistrus sp.


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However, there is a list of some fish with common names which are consumed by thepopulation in this part of the Maran Valley:

1.Barbn (Zngaro), posible Fam. Pimelodidadae, Posiblemente la Especie: Zungarozungaro.2.Sapo, posible Fam. Aspredinidae.3.Boquichico, posible Fam. Prochilodontinae, Posibles especies: Prochilodus nigricanso Ichthyoelephas humeralis.4.Doncella, posiblemente Seudoplatystoma punctifer o S. faciatum

5.Dorada o Dorado, posiblemente Brachyplatystoma rouseauxii.6.Bagre, posiblemente de la Fam. Pseudopimelodidae.7.Carachama (Pez casga), posiblemente Liposercus spp.8.Callua, an no se ha identificado su familia.9.Plateada, Posiblemente ( Creagrutus holmi ).10.Aguacil, an no se ha identificado su familia.

11.Life, an no se ha identificado su familia.12.Lancetero, an no se ha identificado su familia.13.Shagame, an no se ha identificado su familia.14.Otros, an por identificar.


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Doncella, (possibly Seudoplatystoma punctifer o S.

faciatum ). This species is not mentioned by the EIA,however many people know it with this name. Thisspecies also has migratory habits.

The diversity of freshwater fish is estimated at 1200 species (Ortega & Chang,1998). However, each time a new assessment is made a new species andgenera are found especially in the Amazon Basin.Currently, MINAM estimated that the number of valid species can reach 1300species inhabiting inland waters of Peru (MINAM, 2010).


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In the executive summary of the EIA of Hydropower Chadin, recognizes that the damwill have significant impacts (MODERATE AND HIGH) BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMEsummarized below for all stages of the Project:

LOSS AND CHANGES IN COVERAGE OF VEGETATION AND FOREST STRUCTUCOMPOSITION OF DRY AND COASTAL HABITAT;
http://celendinos.blog.galeon.com/files/2012/03/bosque-seco-del-mara%C3%B1%C3%B3n-21.jpghttp://celendinos.blog.galeon.com/files/2012/03/bosque-seco1.jpg


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Forpus xanthop (PACHA PARROT) feeding onfruits of Armatocereus rauhii (CACTUSENDEMIC).
http://celendinos.blog.galeon.com/files/2012/03/pacha-loro.jpg


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http://celendinos.blog.galeon.com/files/2012/03/especies-end%C3%A9micas-2.jpghttp://celendinos.blog.galeon.com/files/2012/03/especies-end%C3%A9micas-1.jpg


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On page 944 of volume 4 mentions that the Maraon river is also animportant area of endemism for reptiles. During the baseline study were

reported two species of amphibians and 18 reptiles. Of these seven speciesare endemic TO PERU AND 5 ARE ENDEMIC BS (Dry Forest) OF MARAON

In the case of mammals, 27 species were recorded (with 8 additionalspecies interviews) REGISTERING ONLY A MAMMALIAN SPECIES ENDE

OF THE CASHEW BS, HOWEVER, THERE IS A GREATER NUMBER OF SPPOTENTIALLY PRESENT(EIA study of flora and wildlife Chadin Hydroelectricproject LASTED ONLY 32 DAYS, for a project millionaire, do you think?).


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CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE HABITAT AND AQUATIC COMMUNWith the construction of the hydroelectric Chadin ; With only a few studies of the fishbiodiversity of the Maranon, at least three species which are known or areregistered would be threatened with extinction because of their migratory habits(Boquichico, Prochilodus nigricans; Doncella, Seudoplatystoma punctifer, Dorado ,Brachyplatystoma rouseauxii).

Also as a result of damming and the bad practices of some individuals , this canirreversibly affect fish biodiversity of the Maran as with other examples from damsall over the world. Also, we can t ignore the situation in some places where THE

NATIVE POPULATIONS ARE DECIMATED FROM INTRODUCING NON-ENDSPECIES and habits conducive to partially stagnated waters like those by dams.These fish, such as Asian carp, European catfish, and others come from otherhabitats.
http://celendinos.blog.galeon.com/files/2012/03/Pez-el%C3%A9ctrico-del-Bosque-Seco-del-Mara%C3%B1%C3%B3n.jpg


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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

Main measures applicable to the Biological Environment (p. 43)

Rescue Program Cactceas Population and Diversity: Applied during thelifetime of the project, the main object is to minimize the impacts on thepopulation of cacti by removal and relocation, and the conservation of genetic diversity.

This program consists ONLY of collecting species and/or propagating themto be relocated elsewhere above the water level of the dam or by watersabove the dam, or below.

Thousands of these are endemic and this will lead to a loss of muchendemic wildlife which will migrate or become extinct. UNFORTUNATELY,THIS PROGRAM DOESN T CONSIDER SPREADING ENDEMIC SPECIES TREPOPULATE IN THEIR PREVIOUS HABITAT IF AT ANY TIMEHYDROELECTRIC STRUCTURE IS DEMOLISHED AFTER ITS USEFUL LIFLEFT IN A SIMILAR STATE AS IT WAS FOUND BEFORE THE PROJECT (WTHEY?)


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Wildlife Rescue and Relocation Program;The object of this program is to recover a sample of individuals to ensure the

maintenance of genetic diversity. They are ONLYconsidering eight species of reptilesand one rodent.In the project description, they mentioned 9 endangered mammals and also thepresence of the OTTER Lontra longicaudis in Riparian forest habitat, as well as havingrecently found a species of anteater (Saras).But there are no plans for them, no rescue programs and propagation. It may be

useful to repopulate when the dam will possibly be demolished and theenvironment restored, but will they do it? And if not? Can you imagine what willhappen to them? They dont mention a program knowing that the habitat willchange forever.

Programs Rescue and relocation of individuals of fish by river diversion: This plan isdesigned to prevent mass mortality of individuals of fish being caught in the river todry remnants. Includes mainly confined individuals capture and transfer to otherareas of the river with suitable habitats.


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Artificial Breeding Programs and repopulation of areas separated by barrier Dam;

This plan is designed to help maintain the flow between fish stocks in areasseparated by the dam, especially those who migrate. Includes produce seeds(fry), planted in suitable habitats and monitored for the amount of success of the repopulation.

The study of both migratory fish species and those that are not is NOT

COMPLETED, as is explained by the same study and also referred to byMINAM ( with respect to not yet funded research). For the migratory species,so far, there are three, with the possibility of expanding the list, and THOSEWHICH ARE NOT MIGRATORY ARE IN DANGER OF EXTINCTION.


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Assessment Programs fish spawning areas, migration routes and GeneticVariation;

This plan seeks to determine the importance of the Maran River ONLYDOWNSTREAMof the dam and the LARGEST TRIBUTARIES NEAR ITasimportant spawning areas and migratory routes for fish. This includesdetermining basic population characteristics and climatic data collection.

This EIA study has not identified migratory species (only by what the localpeople say), it has not identified new migratory species in this part of theMaranon (biology and ecology of each species), have not yet identified thefish spawning area (or which fish they are, there is not a full list), AND WHATIS WORSE, RELIABLE CLIMATE DATA HAS NOT BEEN COLLECTED.

It is assumed that these studies should have been made during thedevelopment of the EIA study ( a 32 day trial for flora and fauna is very littlefor a serious study and in this aspect this EIA shows no seriousness). There isnothing about fish that get trapped inside the dam, nothing in the aspect of conservation or studies of fish survival.


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Compensation Plan;

Supporting Conservation Areas:

This plan is intended to compensate for losses in biodiversity by protecting anarea of similar size and proportional biodiversity or greater affected. If in thecase it did not exist, with the support of management they may develop theestablishment of a Protected Natural Area.

All the Maran river will be concessioned, there is a plan to dam the wholeriver (over 20 dams), one after another, Where will be the ConservationArea?, If this area is of high endemism of flora and fauna, where placedelsewhere, Does Brazil?, if this dam will irreversibly affect the territorycelendino (Cajamarca Region) and Region of Amazonas.


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ABANDONMENT AND CLOSURE PLAN

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (Page 50)The dam is the main component of the Project. Five years until the end of theestimated useful life of the Project, they will assess the scenario of closure tobe applied to the installation. Possible scenarios to be evaluated are: DAMREPAIRS, ABANDONMENT WITHOUT REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES,AND THE REMOVAL OF THE DAM.

THE EIA STUDY EXPLAINS THAT WITHIN FIVE YEARS TO THE END OFTHE ESTIMATED USEFUL LIFE OF THE DAM, THEY WILL EVALUATEWHICH OF THE THREE ABOVE ALTERNATIVES THEY WILL CHOOSE.WE HAVE A SERIOUS DILEMMA. WE ARE AT THE START OF ANECOLOGICAL DISASTER WITH INCALCULABLE BIOLOGICAL

CONSEQUENCES, AND IN THE EIA FOR CHADIN 2 THEY HAVEN

TTAKEN THE DECISION! THIS IS VERY SERIOUS TO THE ENDEMICAREA OF THE MARAON.


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Maran River is a River Live!

Thanks.In: Lynda Sullivan.

Documents

Observations - Project Chadín 2 - Flora y Fauna.pdf