Upload
eric-owen
View
215
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Observations
• Any information collected with the senses.
• The skill of describing scientific events.
Two Types of Observations
Qualitative
• Collected with senses
• DescriptionsQuantitative
• Counting Data
•Taking measurements
Inference
• Conclusions or deductions based on observations .
• The process of drawing a conclusion from given evidence.
• Educated Guess
Tracks like these are common in parts of New
England and in the southwestern United
States.
What do you OBSERVE?
What can you INFER?
Now what do
you think?
Infer what happened based on your observations.
Source of graphic:
http://bob.nap.edu/html/evolution98/evol6-e.html
M
D V
DENSITY
What is the Equation for density?
D = M/V
What happens to the density of an object if the mass remains the same but the volume is doubled?
What happens to the density of an object if the volume remains the same but the mass is doubled?
How can the density equation be manipulated to find volume if you are given density?
Percent Deviation -an equation used to determine how accurate a measurement is
- Same as percent error
% Deviation =
Accepted - Measured Accepted
X 100
If you measured the mass of a block of wood to be 7g and the accepted value is 9 g, what is the percent deviation?
You measured the volume of a glass of water to be 98 ml and the accepted value is 94 ml, what is your percent deviation?
Interpolation-
Extrapolation-
Finding a data point within the graphed data
Extending a graph to find a potential data point
Mass vs. Weight
Mass – amount of matter an object contains
- Measured in grams (g)
Weight – the pull of gravity on a mass
Examine each graph carefully.
What was tested, changed, or compared (INDEPENDENT
VARIABLE) is plotted on the X-axis.
The data that was observed & measured (DEPENDENT VARIABLE)
is plotted on the Y-axis.
• The title and the label on the X-axis tells us that the amount of fertilizer was tested in this experiment (Independent variable).
• The Y-axis tells us that plant height was measured in centimeters in this experiment (Dependent variable).
Independent Variable = Manipulated Variable
Dependent Variable = Responding Variable
Positive or Direct = Relationship
Negative or Indirect Relationship =
Cyclic Change – an event that repeats in time and space
-Go through a cycle
-Most changes in the environment
-Ex. Water Cycle, sunspots, seasons
State of Equilibrium
- Balance
Dynamic Equilibrium
-When most of the processes on Earth are in balance
-Ex. Erosion and Deposition in a stream
Energy Flow
Source SinkInterface
Ex. Sun Ex. EarthEx. Weathered Rocks
Energy flows from source to sink and where the energy is exchanged is known as the interface
Water
Water freezes at 0°C
Water is most dense at 4°C
Diagram