Observational LearningObservational Learning

Unit 4Unit 4

Lesson 3Lesson 3

Objectives:Objectives:

Students will describe components of Students will describe components of social learning theory as identified by social learning theory as identified by Bandura.Bandura.

Students will identify factors that Students will identify factors that affect learning.affect learning.

Warm UpWarm Up

Using all four principles of operant conditioning, Using all four principles of operant conditioning, explain how you could get my 5 yr old to eat her explain how you could get my 5 yr old to eat her broccoli!broccoli!

+R: She can have dessert as soon as she eats her +R: She can have dessert as soon as she eats her veggiesveggies

-R: Eat your veggies and you don’t have to finish your -R: Eat your veggies and you don’t have to finish your chicken (which she hates)chicken (which she hates)

((Premack PrinciplePremack Principle)) Pun: Sit at table until gone, yell at for not eatingPun: Sit at table until gone, yell at for not eating OT: No tv tonight unless you eat veggiesOT: No tv tonight unless you eat veggies

S-A-TS-A-T

How do most How do most children learn new children learn new behaviors?behaviors?

CopyingCopying

Cognitive LearningCognitive Learning

Albert BanduraAlbert Bandura

(1925-Present)(1925-Present)

Mental process Mental process involved in involved in learninglearning

Also Known As…Also Known As…

Observational Observational LearningLearning Watching and Watching and

imitating behavior of imitating behavior of others.others.

Social LearningSocial Learning Observing the social Observing the social

behaviors of others.behaviors of others.

Bandura’s StudyBandura’s Study

Bobo DollBobo Doll

Kids changed Kids changed behavior w/out behavior w/out rewards or rewards or shaping!shaping!

Click to watch original study footage!

4 Steps of Modeling4 Steps of Modeling

AttentionAttentionRetentionRetentionImitation/Imitation/ReproductionReproductionMotivationMotivation

T-P-ST-P-S

We want to teach our 2 year old to We want to teach our 2 year old to share toys with her older sister, how share toys with her older sister, how could we do this through could we do this through observational/social learning?observational/social learning?

Model sharing & cooperative behaviors (set Model sharing & cooperative behaviors (set table, pass food, make bed, clean up together)table, pass food, make bed, clean up together)

Effects of Social LearningEffects of Social Learning

Vicarious LearningVicarious Learning Seeing another Seeing another

rewarded or punished rewarded or punished influences our behaviorinfluences our behavior

DisinhibitionDisinhibition Observing others do Observing others do

w/out punishment helps w/out punishment helps us do itus do it

Self-EfficacySelf-Efficacy Observing others similar Observing others similar

to us succeed or fail to us succeed or fail influences our influences our perceptions of success perceptions of success or failure at same or failure at same activity.activity.

Part II: Learning LeftoversPart II: Learning Leftovers

Learning Complicated TasksLearning Complicated Tasks

ShapingShaping

ChainingChaining: Responses that follow one : Responses that follow one another in sequence until no further action another in sequence until no further action is required.is required. Soda from machineSoda from machine

Factors That Affect LearningFactors That Affect Learning

1. Feedback1. Feedback

Finding out results Finding out results of action or of action or performanceperformance

Factors That Affect LearningFactors That Affect Learning

2. Transfer2. Transfer

Effects of past Effects of past learning on ability to learning on ability to learn new things.learn new things.

+ Transfer: + Transfer: If old helps If old helps you learn newyou learn new

- Transfer: - Transfer: If old gets If old gets in way of learning newin way of learning new

Factors That Affect LearningFactors That Affect Learning

3. Practice3. Practice

Repetition of a Repetition of a task, to tie task, to tie responses togetherresponses together

Best over time, not Best over time, not all at once!all at once!

Negative LearningNegative Learning

Learned LazinessLearned Laziness If rewards come If rewards come

without effort, person without effort, person never learns to work.never learns to work.

Social LoafingSocial Loafing

Learned HelplessnessLearned Helplessness If pain/failure comes If pain/failure comes

no matter what, no no matter what, no matter how hard you matter how hard you try, a person gives up.try, a person gives up.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFmFOmprTt0

Seligman Studies on Learned Seligman Studies on Learned HelplessnessHelplessness

If unable to control If unable to control events in life:events in life: Less motivated to Less motivated to

actact Lowered sense self-Lowered sense self-

esteemesteem Apathy, submissionApathy, submission DepressionDepression

Pessimistic Pessimistic Explanatory Style:Explanatory Style: Personal – see selves Personal – see selves

as problem as problem (internalized)(internalized)

Permanent – see Permanent – see problem as problem as unchangeableunchangeable

Pervasive – see Pervasive – see problem affecting all problem affecting all aspects of lifeaspects of life

Positive PsychologyPositive Psychology