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Energetski institut Hrvoje Požar OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN Ivona Ivić, mag.ing.cheming. Dinko Đurđević, mag.ing.oecoing. Matko Perović, dipl.ing.stroj. Energetski institut Hrvoje Požar 23. veljače 2018., Virovitica

OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

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Page 1: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

Energetski institut Hrvoje Požar

OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE

BIOPLIN

Ivona Ivić, mag.ing.cheming.

Dinko Đurđević, mag.ing.oecoing.

Matko Perović, dipl.ing.stroj.

Energetski institut Hrvoje Požar

23. veljače 2018., Virovitica

Page 2: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Energetski institut Hrvoje Požar

(est.1994)

• Energetski institut osnovan od strane Vlade RH

• Misija: razvoj modernih i održivih energetskih tržišta

kroz integraciju OIE i EE, novih tehnologija i

razmjenom iskustava

• ~89 (80% visokoobrazovanih)

• 6+1 Odjela:

• Odjel za OIE, EE i zaštitu okoliša (25): multidisciplinarni

tim (7 različitih profesija i profila)

• EIHP je tržišno orijentiran

Page 3: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Page 4: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

H2020 Biogas Action

• www.BiogasAction.eu

• www.oBioplinu.com

• 1.1.2016.-31.12.2018.

• BiogasAction nastoji biti pokretač razvoja europskog tržišta bioplina

te povećati proizvodnju bioplina i biometana u EU usmjeravajući se

na otklanjanje ne-tehničkih prepreka i izgradnju boljeg okruženja za

proizvodnju bioplina i biometana, u skladu s ciljevima za 2020

godinu.

• Projekt zagovara razvoj tržišta (malih) bioplinskih postrojenja koja

ne koriste energetske usjeve u osam ciljanih zemalja i pomaže

razvoju tržišta u odnosu na zatečeno stanje.

• Budžet: 1,99 M€

Page 5: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Konzorcij

Page 6: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Neki od zadataka BA za RH:

• Pomoći u uspostavljanju povoljnijeg zakonodavnog okvira

• Uspostava platforme za bioplin www.oBioplinu.com

• Procjena budućih smjerova razvoja tržišta bioplina

• Procjena socio-ekonomskih utjecaja na društvo od proizvodnje bioplina

• do 6.2017.

• ___________________________________________________od 6.2017.

• Treninzi, radionice usmjerene na jačanje kapaciteta:

• Javnih djelatnika

• Operatera bioplinskih postrojenja

• Dionika tržišta bioplina

• Aktivnosti usmjerene na područje:

• Bjelovarsko-bilogorske županije i Koprivničko-križevačke županije

Page 7: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Sadržaj

1.Uvod

2.Bioplinsko postrojenje

3.Proces anaerobne digestije

4.Primjena energije iz bioplina – EU i Hrvatska

5. Iskorištavanje digestata nastalog procesom AD

6.Zaključak

Page 8: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Uvod

• Porast broja bioplinskih postrojenja u svijetu

• Razvoj suvremenih tehnologija proizvodnje i korištenja

bioplina

• Energija bioplina = doprinos cilju nacionalne

energetske sigurnosti, ublažavanje posljedica

stakleničkih plinova

• Europski bioplinski sektor - tisuće bioplinskih instalacija

• Proizvodnja električne energije iz bioplina u

kogeneracijskim jedinicama

• Tek djelomična upotreba toplinske energije

Page 9: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Što je bioplin?

• mješavina plinova koja nastaje prilikom truljenja organske tvari bez

prisustva zraka

• anaerobna digestija (AD) – biokemijski proces u kojem se kompleksni

organski spojevi razgrađuju djelovanjem različitih vrsta bakterija u

anaerobnim uvjetima

– nastaju bioplin i digestat

PlinDonja ogrjevna vrijednost

MJ/m3 kWh/Nm3

Prirodni plin 36 9,9

Bioplin (60% CH4) 21,6 6

Biometan (95 %

CH4)36 9,5

Plin %

Metan (CH4) 55 – 70

Ugljikov dioksid (CO2) 30 – 45

Vodikov sulfid (H2S)

1 – 2Vodik (H2)

Amonijak (NH3)

Ugljikov monoksid (CO) U tragovima

Dušik (N2) U tragovima

Kisik (O2) U tragovima

Page 10: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Shematski koncept proizvodnje BP na

poljoprivrednom gospodarstvu

Page 11: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Glavne faze u procesu nastanka bioplina

Izvor: Al Seadi, 2003.

Page 12: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Parametri procesa anaerobne digestije

• Temperatura

• psihrofilni režim (<20 °C)

• mezofilni režim (30-42 °C)

• termofilni režim (43-55 °C)

• pH vrijednost: 5,5 - 8,5 (optimum 7-8)

• Amonijak

• previsoka razina može dovesti do zaustavljanja procesa (glavni

izvor u AD su bjelančevine)

• Elementi u tragovima

• željezo, nikal, kobalt, selen, molibden, volfram (važni za rast i

preživljavanje anaerobnih bakterija)

Page 13: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Sirovina (biomasa)

• Kao sirovina se najčešće uzima gnoj ili gnojovka u kombinaciji s drugom

sirovinom biljnog porijekla (bogate škrobom, šećerom, uljima, itd.) ili

životinjskog porijekla (bogate proteinima i mastima)

• Ne-razgradljivo: lignin (drvo)

• Teško- razgradljivo: celuloza, hemiceluloza

Page 14: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Proizvodnja bioplina ovisno o vrsti supstrata

Page 15: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

• Postrojenje za proizvodnju BP se uvijek prilagođuje

sirovini koju koristi

• Idejno rješenje ovisi o vrsti sirovine i količinama

Page 16: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Glavni dijelovi bioplinskog postrojenja

Page 17: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Dostava sirovina

• Mora biti stabilna i kontinuirana

• Kontrola i bilježenje podataka (vrsta,

težina, kvaliteta)

Skladištenje sirovina

• Nadomješta sezonske oscilacije u

dobavi

• Vrsta skladištenja ovisi o sirovini

(tekuće-kruto)

• Navozni

silos

• Spremnik

za gnojovku

Page 18: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Priprema sirovine

• Sortiranje i odvajanje

• Sanitacija

• Usitnjavanje

• Miješanje, homogenizacija

Page 19: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Sustav hranjenja fermentora

• Cilj je uspostaviti kontinuirani tijek sirovine (u praksi nekoliko manjih obroka)

• Tehnika hranjenja ovisi o suhoj tvari sirovine

• Suha sirovina pužnim vijcima, a tekuća sirovina pumpama

Page 20: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Unos supstrata u fermentor

• Stavljanje u fermentor mora biti bez prisustva zraka

Page 21: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Digestori

• Digestor je „srce” bioplinskog postrojenja

• Spremnik nepropustan za zrak

• Različitih veličina, materijala, oblika

• Dva osnovna sustava digestije

Sadržaj suhe tvari <15 % >15 %

Sustav digestije Mokra Suha

Tip fermentora Kontinuirani Obročni

Page 22: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Grijanje digestora

• Cilj je konstantna temperatura (visina temperature

ovisno o vrsti procesa)

• Promjene u temperaturi se moraju kompenzirati

Page 23: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Načini miješanja u fermentorima

Page 24: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Spremnik za bioplin

• Nadoknađuje promjene u proizvodnji

bioplina

• Najčešća su skladišta s niskim tlakom

Page 25: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Skladištenje digestata izvan spremnika

Page 26: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Plinski motor

o Kogeneracija: istovremena proizvodnja

električne i toplinske energije

Page 27: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Načini korištenja bioplina tj. biometana

Page 28: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Proizvodnja energije iz bioplina na razini EU

Plin sa odlagališta otpada

Plin iz gradskog mulja i

mulja industrijskog efluenta

Ostali bioplin

Page 29: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Bioplinsko postrojenje u Schlittersu, Njemačka

• Osnovano 2007.

• 330 kWel

• Sirovina 10 000 t/god organskog otpada iz restorana, prehrambeni proizvodi s isteklim rokom trajanja, itd.

• Električna i toplinska energije

Page 30: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Proizvodnja energije iz bioplina na razini Hrvatske

• Ukupno instalirano

(stanje na

31.12.2016.): 30,435

MWel

• 26 BP postrojenja je

isporučivalo

električnu energiju

elektroenergetskoj

mreži po

zajamčenim

otkupnim cijenama

(feed-in tarife)

Page 31: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Bioplinsko postrojenje Gradec

Page 32: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

• Bioplinsko postrojenje - anaerobna digestija (AD)

bioplin digestat

• Bioplin → obnovljivo gorivo + smanjenje emisija

• Skladištenje

• Toplinska, električna energija; energija biogoriva

• Digestat

• Hranjive tvari za biljke kako bi se prehranila ljudska

populacija

• N, P, K: rast populacije = rast potražnje

• Novi proizvodi – npr. bioplastika

Udio svjetskih rezervi fosfatne rude u svijetu

Izvor: BlueTech Research, 2013

Page 33: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Iskorištavanje digestata nastalog procesom AD

• Rekuperacija hranjivih tvari

• Energetska uporaba digestata

• Građevinski materijal

• Materijal za bioplastiku (kemijska industrija)

Page 34: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

• Digestat nakon procesa AD sadrži još uvijek mnogo hranjivih tvari (P i N)

• Moguće je izdvojiti i do 90% P i oko 50% N sadržanih u digestatu

• Pasterizacija dobivenih materijala – toplinska energija iz kogeneracije?

• Manje neugodnih mirisa u osiromašenom digestatu

• Tekuća frakcija kao tekućina za fertigaciju ili upotreba u druge svrhe

(dodatno izdvajanje hranjivih tvari)

Rekuperacija hranjivih tvari

Page 35: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

• Visok udio P u krutoj frakciji digestata

• Dodatak kemikalija (MgCl2, NaOH) → stvaranje kristala struvita

• NH4+ + PO4

3- + Mg2+ + 6 H2O → NH4MgPO4 x 6 H2O

• Struvit = sporo otpuštajuće gnojivo bogato fosforom

• Potreba za kemikalijama poskupljuje proces

• upuhivanje CO2 u otopinu (regulacija pH)

• Mg(OH) umjesto MgCl2

• Metoda trenutno ograničena na sustave pročišćavanja otpadnih voda

(problem separacije struvita od ostatka digestata)

• Mogućnost upotrebe digestata s ukomponiranim struvitom kao gnojivo

Struvit

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This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Energetska uporaba digestata

• Spaljivanje peleta digestata

• Superkritična (mokra) oksidacija

• Rasplinjavanje plazmom

• Piroliza

• Hidrotermalna karbonizacija

• Rasplinjavanje

• …

Page 37: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Spaljivanje peleta digestata

o Najjednostavnija energetska upotreba

o Gorivo u otvorenim ložištima, u pećima za

grijanje prostorija i štednjacima za pripremu

hrane

o 15-16 MJ/kg (bez uključenog procesa sušenja)

– Približno vrijednosti crnogoričnog drveta

(16,3 MJ/kg)

o Prethodno potrebno sušenje - sadrži velike

količine vode (čak i do 80 %)

o Pepeo u obliku granula ( sadrži Mg, B, Cu, Zn,

Mn, Co, CaO, K2O, P2O5)

– 7-8 % mase uzorka

Izvor: Biomass energy use, CLEANPELLET project

Izvor: Pedrazzi et. al, 2015, „Digestate as bio-fuel

in domestic furnaces”

Page 38: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Piroliza

• Proces degradacije kemijskih molekula pod utjecajem visokih temperatura

(300-900°C) u anaerobnim uvjetima

• Proizvodi koji nastaju:

• plinovita frakcija (uglavnom sadrži H2, CH4, CO2, plinove u tragovima) –

kalorijska vrijednost dobivenog sintetskog plina oko 15 MJ/m3

• kruta frakcija (pirolitički koks) – uključuje i inertne spojeve i prašinu sa

značajnom količinom teških metala

• tekuća frakcija (sadrži uglavnom ulja, vodu, katran i organske spojeve)

• Potrebno prethodno sušenje (pirolitički proces zaprima sirovinu do 30 %

vlažnosti)

Izvor: Hübner i Mumme, 2015, „Integration of pyrolysis and

anaerobic digestion – Use of aquqous liquor from digestate

pyrolysis for biogas production”

Page 39: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Rasplinjavanje

• Proces pretvorbe krutog goriva u plinovito, tretirajući

kruto gorivo u reaktoru s kisikom, zrakom i parom, ili

drugim medijem za proces rasplinjavanja

• Zrak, kisik ili vodena para koriste se kao izvor kisika

i/ili služi kao plin nosilac za uklanjanje produkata

reakcije s mjesta reakcije

• Ukoliko se koristi zrak: nastaje plin s 10-15 MJ/m3

i sadržajem N od 50-60%

• Pri atmosferskom tlaku i temperaturama 700-1000 °C

• Produkti su

• plin (sadrži CO, H2, CH4 i ugljikohidrate u

tragovima, vodu, N2 i različita onečišćenja)

• kruti ostatak (koji se sastoji od negorivog

materijala i male količine C)

• Proizvodi suvišak energije i zbog toga zahtijeva

dodatnu energiju samo tijekom pokretanja procesa

Izvor: Fluidized bed gasifiers, National

Energy Technology Laboratory, USA

Page 40: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Problemi teških metala u krutim ostacima?

Gubitak hranjivih tvari iz digestata?

→ Mogućnost oporabe nastalih ostatak u obliku gnojiva

Rasplinjavanje Piroliza Spaljivanje

Uobičajeni

uvjeti u

reaktoru

- 800-1400 ℃

- Nestehiometrijska

količina zraka (O2) ili

bez prisustva zraka

(termalno

rasplinjavanje)

- 400-800 ℃

- Uz nedostatak

zraka (O2)

- 850-950 ℃

- Stehiometrijska

količina zraka (O2)

tijekom spaljivanja

Uobičajeni

proizvodi (%

wt.)

- Gorivi plin, do 90

- Ugljen, do 30

- Ulje, do 5

- Gorivi plin, do 50

- Ugljen, do 40

- Ulje, do 40

- Pepeo, do 30

- Ispušni plinovi, do 90

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This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Građevinska industrija

• Zamjena za sirovine i materijale koji su trenutno u

upotrebi

• Kruta frakcija sadrži slabo razgrađena

celulozna i lignocelulozna vlakna

• Primjeri upotrebe:

• Materijal za punilo ili učvršćivač

• Izolacijski materijal

• Šper-ploče

• Paneli

• Dobra čvrstoća, krutost i unutarnja čvrstoća

• potencijalna zamjena za postojeće materijale

(male količine: oko 4 000 t/god. za 1 MWel)

Izvor: Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt, Research

project digestate fibres, 2012

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This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Kemijska industrija - bioplastika

o Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) = biorazgradiva

termoplastika proizvedena bakterijskom

fermentacijom

o Svojstva:

– UV stabilnost, talište do 180°C, niska

zasićenost vodom, dobra rastezna čvrstoću,

visoka transparentnost, ravnopravno miješanje

s PET ambalažom, isti tijekovi oporabe

– Biorazgradivost

– Visoka cijena proizvodnje, ograničena

funkcionalnost, dodatna linija proizvodnje,

podložnost termalnoj degradaciji

Izvor: van der Hoeven, 2016, „PHA: promising, versatile,

biodegradable”

Izvor: Higuchi-Takeuchi et al, 2016, „Synthesis of High-

Molecular-Weight Polyhydroxyalkanoates by Marine

Photosynthetic Purple Bacteria”

Page 43: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

• Rastuće tržište (pakiranje, elektronika, automobilska industrija, igračke,

…)

Izvor: European Bioplastics,

nova-Institute, 2016

Page 44: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Izvor: AlgaeBioGas, http://algaebiogas.eu/home

• Upotreba algi za proizvodnju bioplastike

Page 45: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Kemijska industrija – proizvodi u biorafinerijama

• Lignin iz digestata kao sirovina

• Dobiveni proizvodi i odabir

procesa ovisi o funkcionalnosti

dobivenog lignina

• Proizvodi u biorafinerijama:

• Proizvodnja supramolekularnih materijala i aromatskih kemikalija

• Proizvodnja bioetanola iz lignocelulozne sirovine

• Smole, polimeri, ugljična vlakna, itd.

Izvor: Berman, 2008, „Biorefinery of the future”

Page 46: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under grant agreement No 691755

Zaključak

• Velik broj postojećih bioplinskih postrojenja, dodatna u izgradnji

• Ekonomska isplativost bioplinskog postrojenja bez državnih poticaja?

• Razvoj novih tehnologija?

• Tržišna vrijednost za industrijske i poljoprivredne krajnje korisnike?

• Definiranje tehnike vrednovanja digestata!

• Doprinos globalnim naporima za smanjenje utjecaja klimatskih promjena i

prelasku na nisko-ugljično gospodarstvo na više područja istraživanja:

• Građevinska industrija: razvoj novog izolacijskog materijala s niskim ugljičnim

otiskom

• Industrijska biotehnologija (bioplastika): razvoj novih materijala koji manje

štete okolišu

• Zaštita okoliša: pohrana CO2 u celuloznom materijalu, proizvodnja mineralnog

gnojiva

• Energetika: učinkovitija (efficacy) zamjena fosilnih izvora kroz bolju

učinkovitost bioplinskog postrojenja, upotreba digestata kao izvora energije

• Značajni ukupni i potencijalni lokalni, nacionalni i globalni socijalni, ekonomski i

ekološki učinci upotrebe bioplina kao energenta

Page 47: OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE BIOPLIN - eihp.hr · This project has received funding from the European Union’sHorizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No

Ivona Ivić, mag.ing.cheming.Dinko Đurđević, mag.ing.oecoing

Odjel za obnovljive izvore energije, energetsku efikasnost i zaštitu okoliša

Savska 163, 10000 Zagreb

[email protected]@eihp.hr

Hvala na pažnji!