Objectives

To understand such issues as Prohibition, the changing role of women, and the influence of the Harlem Renaissance.

Section 1: Changing Ways of Life

Journal

What differences exist today between urban (city) and rural lifestyles?

Rural and Urban Differences 1922-1929 – 2 million people left the

farm for the city every year Big cities: New York City (5.6 million),

Chicago (3 million), Philadelphia (2 million)

Rural and Urban Differences Cities Competition Change More reading Discussions about

science and social ideas

Various backgrounds Drinking, casual

dating, gambling

Farms Slow paced Live close to family

and friends Strict morals

Prohibition

18th Amendment – manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol is illegal

Rural South and West, Protestants, Women’s Christian Temperance Union

After WWI Americans were tired of making sacrifices

Volstead Act established a Prohibition Bureau to enforce the law -> underfunded -> difficult to monitor all the roads and coastline

Speakeasies

Underground/hidden saloons

Bootleggers

People who smuggled alcohol into the U.S.

Organized Crime

Chicago’s Al Capone was in control of 10,000 speakeasies

$60 million a year 1933 – 21st Amendment repeals

Prohibition

Central Question

Why was the 18th Amendment passed?

Discussion

1. What problems did people see in society at the turn of the century?

2. Why did they think Prohibition would solve these problems?

3. What strategies/evidence did temperance advocates use to convince people to support Prohibition?

Video Clips

http://www.history.com/topics/al-capone/videos#st-valentines-day-massacre

The Untouchables

Journal

Should America continue to promote fascination with Capone through museums, memorabilia, and tours of gangland sites?

Rumrunners, Moonshiners, Bootleggers DVD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

O4wl9n-Gmsw

Journal

What differences exist between urban (city) and rural (small town) lifestyles in the 1920s?

Science and Religion Clash Fundamentalist religious groups vs.

secular (nonreligious) thinkers

Issue = validity (strength/truth) of certain scientific discoveries

Science and Religion Clash Waves of people become very

religious Question authority and elite Passionate speakers feel a direct

connection with God The First Great Awakening (1740s-

1750s) The Second Great Awakening

(1820s-1840s)

Science and Religion Clash

Fundamentalism (1920s) Protestant movement Belief in literal translation

of the Bible – all stories in the Bible are true

Against the sins of modern life

Against Darwin’s theory of evolution

Preachers in the South and West lead religious revivals

Prohibit the teaching of evolution

The Scopes Trial

John T. Scopes – biology teacher from Dayton, Tenn. who challenges the Butler Act

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) hires Clarence Darrow to defend him

William Jennings Bryan = prosecutor

Science and Religion Clash Why did people care about the Butler

Act?

Textbook – A Civic Biology Go to the back of the Guiding Questions

http://historicalthinkingmatters.org/scopestrial/

Why did people care about the Butler Act?

Discussion

1. Who supported the Butler Act? What were their reasons?

2. Who opposed the Butler Act? What were their reasons?

3. How did Reverend Straton view the big cities? How did the NY Times view Dayton, Tennessee? Why did those views play a role in the Scopes Trial?

4. In what ways did the historical context of the 1920s affect the battle over the Butler Act?

5. How was the Scopes Trial more than just a simple debate between evolution and creationism?

Science and Religion Clash

Fundamentalism – Protestant movement based on a literal interpretation of the Bible

All stories in the Bible are true

Reject theory of evolution = Charles Darwin’s theory that plant and animal species have changed over millions of years

Evolution from apes vs. Bible creationism

Wanted laws to prohibit the teaching of evolution

The Scopes Trial

March 1925 Tennessee passes law outlawing the teaching of evolution

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) defends John T. Scopes, a young biology public school teacher who tells students humans have evolved

Clarence Darrow defends Scopes William Jennings Bryan prosecutes Scopes is found guilty and law stays in

effect

Now and Then

1999 – Kansas State School Board votes to eliminate the teaching of evolution

Supreme Court says evolution must only be taught as scientific fact + creationism may not be taught as scientific fact (in public schools)

Assignment

1. Issue -> Legislation -> Outcome Issue = prohibition (illegal to sell or

manufacture) Issue = teaching evolution

2. Explain how urbanization created a new way of life that often clashed with the values of traditional rural society.

3. Describe the controversy over the role of science and religion in American education and society in the 1920s.

Section 2: The Twenties Woman

Journal

How is the music you listen to different than the music your parents listen to?

Do you think your attitude towards life is different than your parents?

Young Women Change the Rules A rebellious, pleasure-loving

atmosphere of the 1920s independence 19th Amendment – women

suffrage Flapper = a free young

woman who embraced the new fashions and current urban attitudes Shorter dresses, smoked

cigarettes, talked about sex, danced

Marriage = more of an equal partnership

Dancing

Fox trot, camel walk, tango, Charleston, shimmy, dance marathon

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IcemYjTdvZ8

Flappers were like women of today because ______________ and they were unlike women of today because __________________________.

Young Woman Change the Rules Still influenced by tradition/church Casual dating becomes more accepted The Double Standard = a set of principles

granting greater sexual freedom to men than to women

Women Shed Old Roles at Home and at Work How were women freed from some

household chores?

Women Shed Old Roles at Home and at Work Time saving appliances Business growth leads to jobs for

millions of women

Women Shed Old Roles at Home and at Work Women replaced by men

after WWI “women’s professions” =

teachers, nurses, librarians

Big business = typists, filing, assembly line workers

Few become managers Earn less than men Men felt women should

stay at home (job competition)

The Changing Family

The Changing Family

Margaret Sanger opens birth control clinic (1916)

Women have more time for children and reading

Marriages are based more on romance

Children are in school More social time, peer pressure,

rebellious children

Double standard refers to stricter _________ standards for ____________ than for ___________ in the 1920s.

What is your opinion of the double standard?

Women had new roles in the 1920s such as __________________.

Assignment

1. How do you think women’s lives changed most dramatically in the 1920s? Think about families and jobs.

2. Do you think that some women of this decade made real progress towards equality? Think about double standard, the

flapper’s style and image, changing views of marriage

Section 3: Education and Popular Culture

Schools and the Mass Media Shape Culture 1914 = 1 million American students

in high school -> college-bound 1926 = 4 million -> college-bound

and vocational training Before WWI – a million immigrants a

year come to America

Expanding News Coverage

Literacy increased Newspapers printed sensational

stories

Radio

By 1930 – 40 percent of American households had radios

News and sporting events

America Chases New Heroes More money + more leisure time =

money for entertainment

Sports Heroes

Charles Lindberg

First non-stop solo flight across the Atlantic

Entertainment and the Arts

“Talkies” doubled the movie attendance

The Jazz Singer 1927

Disney’s Steamboat Willie 1928 Video clip

Georgia O’Keeffe

Writers of the 1920s

Sinclair Lewis F. Scott Fitzgerald

The Great Gatsby “Jazz Age”

Edna St. Vincent Millay

Ernest Hemmingway The Sun Also Rises A Farewell to Arms

Many denounced war

Addressed political and social topics

Negative side of the freedom of the 1920s

Section 4: The Harlem Renaissance

Journal

What contributions have African Americans made in our society?

Think about literature, art, music, politics, acting, etc.

African American Voices in the 1920s Great Migration (1910-1920) –

African Americans from the South migrate to northern cities

Push factors

Pull factors

African American Voices in the 1920s 25 urban race riots in 1919 National Association for the

Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) – protest racial violence

James Weldon Johnson fights for anti-lynching laws

During the Great _______________ African Americans moved from the ________ to the __________.

The NAACP fought to improve the lives of __________________ by __________________________.

Marcus Garvey

African Americans face daily threats and discrimination

Marcus Garvey - African Americans should build a separate society

Spreads a radical message of black pride

1914 – Garvey establishes the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

Marcus Garvey

Promotes black businesses

Encourages African Americans to return to Africa

Marcus Garvey’s goals were different than the NAACP’s because _____________________.

The Harlem Renaissance

Harlem, NYC = world’s largest black urban community

A literary and artistic movement celebrating African American culture

African American Writers

Resist prejudice/discrimination The struggle of living in the black

ghetto Take pride in surviving slavery

through creativity and strength

Performers

Paul Robeson performsin front of large white audiences in NYC

Jazz

Jazz is born in the early 1900s in New Orleans

Musicians blend instrumental ragtime with vocal blues

Louis Armstrong helps spread jazz to large cities

Most popular music for dancing

Played at exotic nightclubs like the Cotton Club

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GohBkHaHap8

The results of the migration of African Americans to northern cities in the 1920s include ____________________.

Examples of the artistic activity that became known as the Harlem Renaissance include ________________________.

Assignment

Page 452-457 Guided Reading

The Cotton Club

1. Describe the atmosphere of the Cotton Club.

2. Who owned the club? 3. Where was it located? 4. What did people do at the Cotton

Club? 5. Describe how black and white

people interacted there.

Group Review

Student #1 = Questions 1-5 Student #2 = Questions 6-10 Student #3 = Questions 11-15

15 minutes for research 10 minutes per student to share

responses

Pages 434-457