OBJECTIVES • Explore the History of motion picture Cameras;

• Gain an understanding of the Technical equipment used for motion picture Recording;

• Survey Movements in the Traditional Arts that can be applied to Video Production.

FILM• 35mm film

• 16mm

• 8mm

• Super-16

• Super-8

• 70mm

VIDEO STORAGE: Videotape

• 2-inch reel-to-reel

• 1”

• VHS

VIDEO STORAGE: Videotape• Digital Betacam

• DVC-Pro

• Mini-DV

• DVCam

• Digital-S

• Digital-8

VIDEO STORAGE Drive and Optical Storage

• Memory cards

• Hard drives

• In-camera read-write media (DVD)

VIDEO SYSTEMS

• NTSC (National Television Systems Committee) - “Standard Television”

525 lines; 4:3 aspect ratio

• High-Definition Video –1,080 lines; 16:9 aspect ratio

• PAL (Phase-Alternating Line) – 625 lines of horizontal resolution

• 24P – 24 frames per second using progressive

scanning

THE CAMERA TEAM • Director of

photography (DoP)

• Camera operator

• Focus puller

• Clapper/Loader

• Dolly grip

• Second unit

DIGITAL VIDEO CAMERASLens

Magnification:• Compound Lenses

(zoom lenses)• Prime Lenses

(fixed focal- length lenses)

• Wide-angle lens• Telephoto lens

TRIPODS

ADVANCED CAMERASUPPORT SYSTEMS

• Steadycam

• Jib arm

• Camera cranes

• Vehicle mounts

• Marine housings

APPROACHES IN CINEMATOGRAPHY AND VIDEOGRAPHY

Determine the “look” of a project

Four Distinct Approaches• Realism• Expressionism and Film Noir• Impressionism• Surrealism

APPROACHES IN CINEMATOGRAPHY AND VIDEOGRAPHY

Realism

• Sharp focus• Realistic lighting

APPROACHES IN CINEMATOGRAPHY AND VIDEOGRAPHY

Expressionism and Film Noir

• Dark in visual tone• Stylized lighting cast from severe

angles• Bizarre and fantastic stories• “Film Noir”

APPROACHES IN CINEMATOGRAPHY AND VIDEOGRAPHY

Impressionism

• “Golden Age of Hollywood”• Diffused images• Impression of some emotional

state• Twinkling eyes and fog-filtered• A romantic memory

APPROACHES IN CINEMATOGRAPHY AND VIDEOGRAPHY

Surrealism

• “Beyond reality” or “above reality”• Concrete irrationality• Psychoanalytic psychology; Dream

analysis

OBJECTIVES

• Introduce the Business Side of video production;

• Understand the Process of designing and producing Television Commercials;

• Survey writing tools used in Short-form Production;

• Examine the Psychological Appeals used in designing Persuasive Visual Programs.

TELEVISION ADVERTISING

• Request for proposal (RFP)through a bidding process, soliciting for work

• Advertising copy (script) awritten form of the concept

RESEARCH

Gather information about your client’s product or service

• Product history• Cost• Market share over time• Competitors• Alternative products available on the

market

RESEARCH

Target audience

Ad objectives• Retaining existing customers• Recruiting new customers• Shifting market share away from

competitors

RESEARCH TOOLS

• Professional research firms

• Databases

• Scientific surveys

• Conversations with the client and customers

ADVERTISING APPEALS

• Reason

• Emotion

• Humor

• Fear

ADVERTISING STYLES

• Problem/solution format• Demonstration format• Spokesperson• Testimonials• Musical formats• Montage• Symbolism• Narrative commercial

DESIGN AND TESTING

• Brainstorming

• Presentation storyboards

• Focus group

BUDGETING AND SCHEDULING

• Budget Sheet (Production Costs, Part 1)

BUDGETING AND SCHEDULING

• Budget Sheet (Production Costs, part 2)

BUDGETING AND SCHEDULING

• Budget Sheet (Postproduction & Grand Total)

COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION DOCUMENTS

Above the Line CostsThose who will be influencing and adding to the creative direction of the work. Costs are set before working.

Below the Line CostsThose who will be working as crew, and may have variable costs.

COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION DOCUMENTS

Spilt-page Script

COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION DOCUMENTS

Location Photos and Sketches

COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION DOCUMENTS

Shot Lists

OTHER SHORT FORMS

• Public Service Announcements

• Music Videos

• Short Films

MARKETINGAND

DISTRIBUTION

OBJECTIVES

• Examine the Tools used to Market video programs;

• Explore the Importance of Good Press Relations;

• Review different channels for Film and Video Distribution;

• Identify Distribution Strategies that Maximize Revenue.

MARKETING

• Theatrical Trailers

• Thirty-Second Television Ads

• Internet Promotion

MARKETING Print Materials

• Print Advertisements

• Postcards

• Handbills

• Posters (one sheets)

MARKETING Press Relations

• Advertising Agencies and Publicity Agencies

• Publicity Websites

• Portfolio Press Kit

• Electronic Press Kits (EPKs)

MARKETINGThe MPAA Rating System

• G (General Audiences: All ages admitted)

• PG (Parental Guidance Suggested: Some material may not be suitable for children)

• PG-13 (Parents Strongly Cautioned: Some material may be inappropriate for children under 13)

• R (Restricted: Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)

• NC-17 (No One 17 And Under Admitted).

MARKETINGBroadcast Television Ratings

• TVY (All children)

• TVY7 (Directed to older children)

• TVG (General audience)

• TVPG (Parental guidance suggested)

• TV14 (Parents strongly cautioned)

• TVMA (Mature audiences only).

MARKETINGTelevision Content-Based Rating

System

• Violence (V)

• Sex (S)

• Offensive Language (L)

• Sexually Suggestive Dialogue (D)

• Fantasy or Cartoon Violence (FV)

MARKETING

Cross-Promotion

Merchandising

The Marketing Campaign• Publicity tours • Contests• Prizes

DISTRIBUTION Theatrical Distribution

• Extremely Competitive

• Opening weekend returns are Critical

• Requires Representation by a Distribution Company

DISTRIBUTIONTheatrical Distribution

• Distributor offers a Percentage of Revenue for the rights to distribute

• Many distribution deals include a Cash Advance

• Film Festivals serve as Markets for distribution deals

DISTRIBUTION Television Distribution

• Television is a Hungry Animal; So many channels available

• A Few Companies control most TV production and distribution

• Niche Programming good opportunity for Independents

• Front-end Risk

DISTRIBUTION

Television Distribution Channels

• Commercial Broadcasting

• Public Television

• Cable and satellite include Several Tiers of Programming

DISTRIBUTIONDVD

• Popular and Profitable distribution• DVDs can be successfully

Self-distributed• “Bonus material” make DVDs more

Attractive• Menu Design• Box Art• Regional Coding• Copy Protection Encoding

DISTRIBUTIONInternet and Small-Screen

Distribution Channels

• Webcasting

• Video-on-demand (VOD)

• Internet “Channels”

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES

• Examine Internship Opportunities;• Introduce the power of Networking and

Building Personal Contacts;• Review the process of creating a

Professional Show Reel;• Discuss Film Festival Participation for

Student and Independent Filmmakers;• Explore some Hidden Career

Opportunities in video production.

INTERNSHIPS

• Work Hard during your internship

• Unpaid and Paid internships

• Academic Credit

• When to take your internship?

NETWORKING

• Cultivating Personal Contacts to help you in your job search

• Power of Math• Networking Meetings are as

important as job interviews• Make the Follow Up Call• Organize your networking contacts

into a Notebook

SHOW REELS

• Most important tool in Job Hunting and Client Recruitment

• 2-6 minutes• Identify the Running Time on the

Reel and Storage Case• Identify the disk and case with your

Name and Contact Information • Montage approach• Segment approach• Hybrid approach

FILM FESTIVALS

• Excellent platform for Student and Emerging Filmmakers

• Student Divisions• Support Regional and Student

filmmaking• Entry Fees• Carefully read the Rules of Each

Film Festival

FILM FESTIVALS

• Enter One at a Time or by using a consolidation service: withoutabox.com

• Opportunity to Personally Present

Your Work and Receive Feedback

• Selection and Screening is recognized as a Meaningful Accomplishment

OPPORTUNITIES IN VIDEO PRODUCTION • Local Television Stations• Advertising Companies• Production Houses• Film and Television Studios• Industry• State and Federal Government

OPPORTUNITIES IN VIDEO PRODUCTION

• Nonprofit Organizations• Academia• Health Service Organizations• Web design Studios• Animation Studios

MAJOR NORTH AMERICAN MARKETS• New York City• Wilmington, NC• Orlando, FL• Toronto• Vancouver• #1 by far is Los Angeles

GOING INDEPENDENT

• Flexibility and Total Self-direction

• Commercials

• Industrial Videos

• Direct Consumer-services Market

BUSINESS FORMS

• Sole Proprietorship• General Partnership• Limited Partnership• Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)• Limited Liability Company (LLC)• Corporation