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Objectives
1. Describe why macromolecules are important for living organisms.
2. List the 4 types of macromolecules.
3. Compare the structures and functions of different types of macromolecules.
Where do we get our energy?
• Food is our fuel• Energy from the sun is originally captured & stored by green plants • It’s then passed along to fruits, seeds, & animals. • Eating provides energy for all of the body’s functions• the beating of the heart • the elimination of wastes •the transmission of electrical & chemical signals in the nervous system
Why do you care where your energy (food) comes from?
• Poor food choices and dietary habits, along with physical inactivity lead to:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD)- Obesity- Diabetes- Certain types of cancer (colon, etc)
• 40 different nutrients are required to maintain good health• Eating a wide variety of foods will help ensure adequate intake of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals
Organic Nutrients = they are produced and made by living things
AKA (also known as)
- Macronutrients
- Biomolecules
Macromolecules
Types of Macromolecules
1. Carbohydrates (aka Carbs)2. Lipids (aka Fats)3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acids
CARBOHYDRATES Made up of only 3 elements:
1. Carbon2. Hydrogen3. Oxygen
All carbs:- have a hexagonal shape- look like this in their simplest
form
One ring = monosaccharide
String a bunch of monosaccharides together = polysaccharide
Two saccharides (2 rings) = disaccharide
WHY ARE CARBOHYDRATES IMPORTANT?
• Body’s major source energy• 55 – 60% of daily caloric intake• Steady source of energy• Aids the body in removing fats• Reduces blood cholesterol & blood glucose• Allows food residue to pass more quickly through the intestinal tract
WHAT FOODS CONTAIN CARBOHYDRATES?
Complex CarbohydratesFood sources: breads, cereals, pastas, grains
Dietary Fiber Food Sources: oats, fruits, barley, legumes, wheat,
cereal, vegetables, and the skins of fruitsSimple Sugars
Food Sources: milk, fruit, honey, cookies, candy
Commonly called: Sugars & Starches
Lets make a foldable for review. Use TS #9 as a guide.
Front: Make a riddle for Carbohydrates.(folds down)
Bottom flap: draw the structure. (folds up)
Mid flap: biomolecule name and importance.
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
When your foldable is complete, please tape or glue it to the left page beside the notes.
LIPIDSContain 3 elements
1. Carbon2. Hydrogen 3. Oxygen
Why are lipids important?
1. Storage of energy. This way if you run low on carbs…..
2. Satisfies appetite
3. Transports vitamins A, D, E, & K
4. Thermal insulation
5. Mechanical Protection (surrounds vital organs)
6. Waterproofing (Ex: ear wax)
WHAT FOODS CONTAIN LIPIDS?
Lipids include fats and oils
Types of Fats:1. Unsaturated
Food Sources (derived from plant products): olives, peanuts, corn and canola oils
2. SaturatedFood Sources (derived from animal products): meats, lard, cream, butter, cheese, and whole milk
3. Trans FatsFood Sources: typically do not occur naturally in plant or animal products
Lets make a foldable for review. Use TS #9 as a guide.
Front: Make a riddle for Lipids.(folds down)
Bottom flap: draw the structure. (folds up)
Mid flap: biomolecule name and importance.
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
When your foldable is complete, please tape or glue it to the left page beside the notes.
PROTEINS
Proteins are composed of 4 elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. The basic unit is called an amino acid and it looks like this.
WHY DO YOU NEED TO EAT PROTEINS?
Proteins make up most of the structure of your body.
These are muscle cells.
Enzymes are proteins that regulate chemical reactions in your body.
Hair is also made up of protein.
Proteins also form some of the entrances and exits through the cell.
WHICH FOODS PROVIDE PROTEINS IN OUR DIET?
Lets make a foldable for review. Use TS #9 as a guide.
Front: Make a riddle for Proteins.(folds down)
Bottom flap: draw the structure. (folds up)
Mid flap: biomolecule name and importance.
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
When your foldable is complete, please tape or glue it to the left page beside the notes.
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Nucleic acids make up DNA and RNA .
•carry your hereditary information from generation to generation
•used to make proteins
Lets make a foldable for review. Use TS #9 as a guide.
Front: Make a riddle for Nucleic Acids.(folds down)
Bottom flap: draw the structure. (folds up)
Mid flap: biomolecule name and importance.
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
When your foldable is complete, please tape of glue it to the left page beside the notes.
Let’s Review:IDENTIFY EACH OF THE FOLLOWING…
PROTEINS
LIPIDSCARBOHYDRATES
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