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ObjectiveYou have the causes, what happens now?
• Describe the outbreak of WWI• Explain the events of WWI• REMEMBER:
– Who– Why– What– How (Effect)
Why is this called the Powder Keg of Europe?
The Balkan Peninsula
Who is involved in the “Tension”?What is the goal of each?
Balkans: controlled by Austria-Hungary
• Bosnian Serbs – want independence from Austria
• Austria – Hungary– Wants to suppress independence
• Serbia – wants to annex Bosnia
• Russia – wants to control the Balkans– Supports Bosnian Serbs
Explain the Spark that caused the war. What was the effect?
The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
(of Austria-Hungary)– Archduke and wife were in Sarajevo (Bosnia)
• shooter was a Bosnian Serb– Wanted freedom from Austria-Hungary
• His death set the alliance system into motion– no one was able to stop it.
Use this map to support the following statement:The assassination led to a global war.
What is the Schlieffen Plan?Why would Germany do this?
• Germany’s Plan: Schlieffen Plan– Avoid war with Russia AND France
• Because they were allies– Hold Russia and invade France then attack Russia– Germany declares war on France
What is the effect?• To get to France
– Invade Belgium who is neutral– Great Britain gets involved
• to help Belgium– Britain declared war on Germany
• Germany is now fighting on 2 fronts• By August 12th all World Powers are involved
What happened at the 1st Battle of the Marne?
• Schlieffen Plan:– circle through Belgium into France, sweep around
Paris– Defeat France quickly and move onto Russia
• 1st Battle of the Marne– German advance was halted
• 2,000 Parisian taxicabs with troops were sent to the frontlines
• Effect:– Germany – 2 front war ~ Fr. & Russia– WWI turns into a stalemate
Objective
Describe the warfront, include technology advancements and the role of the government
Explain how propaganda, a stalemate & trench warfare lead to the escalation of war
New Illusions Lead to World War
Propaganda ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a
cause. Stirred national hatred cause became “just”
Illusion of a short war Over in a few weeks Soldiers would be home by Christmas
Trench Warfare
“trench warfare” fighting in ditches from the English Channel to the
Switzerland No-man’s land: land b/w trenches
Caused Stalemate Neither army willing to back
down Cannot escape from own
trenches
“softening up” Destroy trenches State of shock Force soldiers to leave the
“safety” of the trenches to attack enemies
“war of attrition” Wear down the other side
with continuous attacks and heavy losses
Objective
Describe the warfront, include technology advancements and the role of the government
Explain how propaganda, a stalemate & trench warfare lead to the escalation of war
Entry of US Unrestricted submarine warfare
Subs sink merchant ships w/o warning
Lusitania is attacked USW is suspended so US won’t attack Used again to break a deadlock
US enters the war: Join Allies which gave psychological boost, money, and war goods
Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria
Allied Powers Russia, Great Britain, France
Italy, US
The Impact of Total War
Total War
Mobilization of ALL resources and people
Enlisted men all civilians
Weapons were needed for war Everything else was secondary
End of World War IThe Last Year of the WarThe Peace Settlement
Objective
Explain how peace settlements brought political and territorial changes to Europe
Explain Wilson’s ideas for peace Describe the Treaty of Versailles and the
affect it has on history Identify the legacies of WWI
The Last Year of the War1917
Bad news for the Allies • were defeated on
the Western Front • Russia withdraws
because of civil unrest
Central Powers in a better position
Good News:• US enters which
provides a psychological “boost” for the Allies
• Fresh troops and resources
New German Offensive Ludendorff’s military gamble
• A large risk to break the military stalemate Supplies running low soldier reserves depleting German home was exhausted
July: 2nd Battle of Marne Germans were forced back
August: 2nd Battle of the Somme More deaths on both sides. Six months – Million men Germans were out of supplies
On September 29th, Ludendorff admitted the Germans lost Demanded the government ask for peace
The Peace Settlement
Treaty of Versailles
“Nobody wins in a war, they lost, we didn’t win.”
Wilson’s Proposal 14 points
Basis for peace settlement • Have open discussions rather than secret
Alliance
• Reduce amount of weapons per country (safety only)
Militarism
• Ensuring Self-determination right of people to have their own nation
Imperialism / Nationalism
The Big 3 US, France, and Britain Left out Italy Germany not invited Russia could not attend – civil war
Fought over what they wanted accomplished US – League of Nations GB – Make Germany pay France - Security (Germany weak)
The Paris Peace Conference
Treaty of Versailles Treaty with Germany
War Guilt Clause Germany and Austria were responsible for starting war
Pay reparations for all damages Allied governments and citizens suffered
Military was reduced • to 100000 men• reduced navy• eliminated air force
Land taken• Alsace and Lorraine were given back to France• Rhine area - Demilitarized
The Legacies of War
Map of Eastern Powers changed Lost:
• German and Russian empires lost land & A-H gone
Gained: New countries were formed• Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Hungary • Serbia formed middle of new Yugoslavia
The Legacies of War
Not every ethnic group has “nation”
Mixtures of peoples• impossible to draw strict ethnic lines
Compromises had to be made• Germans in Poland and Czech• Poles in Czech• Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in Yugoslavia
This would lead to many problems later
The Legacies of War
WWI ruined the liberal (free) society
Governments became more powerful• freedom of speech and press limited • Strong central authority became a way of life
The hope that things would return to normal was soon dashed
Exit Slip
Use the events discussed today to explain why WWI was not the “war to end all wars”.
Events New German Offensive Paris Peace Conference Treaty of Versailles Legacies of the war