Objective 4.01: Objective 4.01: Compare and contrast the different groups of Compare and contrast the different groups of people who migrated to the West and describe the problems they people who migrated to the West and describe the problems they

experienced.experienced.

Why did settlers Move West to Great Why did settlers Move West to Great Plains?Plains?

Pull Factors:Pull Factors:– – Lure of Gold and Lure of Gold and SilverSilver– – Building of railroadsBuilding of railroads– – Lure of Land Lure of Land (farming)(farming)

Push Factors:Push Factors:– – poverty in South poverty in South after Civil Warafter Civil War- Whites felt Indians - Whites felt Indians did not deserve the did not deserve the landland

Objective 4.01: Objective 4.01: Compare and contrast the different groups of Compare and contrast the different groups of people who migrated to the West and describe the problems they people who migrated to the West and describe the problems they

experienced.experienced.

Lure of Land• Morrill Act• Homestead Act• Oklahoma Land Rush

Objective 4.01: Objective 4.01: Compare and contrast the different groups of Compare and contrast the different groups of people who migrated to the West and describe the problems they people who migrated to the West and describe the problems they

experienced.experienced.

Gold and silver

• (1859) 1st major U.S. deposit of silver ore, discovered under whatis now Virginia City, Nevada (Comstock Lode)• prospectors rushed to the area and Mining camps soon thrived• Businesses that went along with the boom towns sprang up• Large mining companies took the place of local panning

Transcontinental Railroad Met at Promontory Point,

Utah (May 10, 1869) Revolutionized the

American West, making the system of wagon trains obsolete

It served as an essential link for travel

Congress supplying land grants

Chinese & Irish Immigrants as workers – high death rate

Objective 4.01: Objective 4.01: Compare and contrast the different groups of Compare and contrast the different groups of people who migrated to the West and describe the problems they people who migrated to the West and describe the problems they

experienced.experienced.

Driven to US Army outposts, feed settlers, or Railroad depots to ship east in refrigerated cars

Objective 4.01: Objective 4.01: Compare and contrast the different groups of Compare and contrast the different groups of people who migrated to the West and describe the problems they people who migrated to the West and describe the problems they

experienced.experienced.

Objective 4.02: Evaluate the impact that settlement had in Objective 4.02: Evaluate the impact that settlement had in the West upon different groups of people and on the the West upon different groups of people and on the

environment.environment.

Cultures Clash on the Prairie

Destruction of the Buffalo: The most significant blow to tribal life on the Plains

Native American relocation:

– Reservation System– American Calvary– African Americans (earned

respect of Native Americans)

Life on the Plains • Women: More

active role & more responsibility

Sod houses

• African Americans: Exodusters (1879) looking for fresh start, Buffalo Soldiers who worked for the US Army

Objective 4.01: Objective 4.01: Compare and contrast the different groups of Compare and contrast the different groups of people who migrated to the West and describe the problems they people who migrated to the West and describe the problems they

experienced.experienced.

Cultures Clash on the Prairie

Sand Creek Massacre (1864)While flying a white and US Flag, the military led an attack on

the Cheyenne, killing 200

Battle of Little Big Horn (1876)Gold found in Black Hills Mont.Colonel George A. Custer was ordered to force the Sioux back

on to the reservation. The Sioux led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull, killed Custer and all of his men

Wounded Knee: 400 Sioux massacred, last major confrontation

Objective 4.02: Evaluate the impact that settlement had in Objective 4.02: Evaluate the impact that settlement had in the West upon different groups of people and on the the West upon different groups of people and on the

environment.environment.

Cultures Clash on the Prairie

A Century of DishonorHelen Hunt published her book exposing how the US

govt. broke countless promises to the Native Americans

Dawes Act (1887)An act aimed at “Americanizing” the Native AmericansGave lands to individual, ended idea of tribal treatiesAssimilation

Objective 4.02: Evaluate the impact that settlement had in Objective 4.02: Evaluate the impact that settlement had in the West upon different groups of people and on the the West upon different groups of people and on the

environment.environment.

Farmers and the Populist Movement

• The Farmers' Plight– – Drought– Plagues of Grasshoppers– Boll Weevils– Rising Costs of land & Falling Prices for crops– High Interest and Railroad Rates

• 75% of African American Farmers & 25% of White Farmers Were Sharecroppers or Tenant

Increasing productivity led to decline in prices

Objective 4.03: Describe the causes and effects of the financial Objective 4.03: Describe the causes and effects of the financial difficulties that plagued the American farmer and trace the rise and difficulties that plagued the American farmer and trace the rise and

decline of Populism.decline of Populism.

Farmers and the Populist Movement

Farmers Blamed– Discriminatory Railroad

Rates– Monopoly Prices Charged for

Farm Machinery and Fertilizer

– A Oppressively High Tariff– Unfair Tax Structure– Inflexible Banking System

• Greenbacks– Civil War money taken out

of circulation• Political Corruption

– Corporations that Bought Up Huge Tracks of Land

Objective 4.03: Describe the causes and effects of the financial Objective 4.03: Describe the causes and effects of the financial difficulties that plagued the American farmer and trace the rise and difficulties that plagued the American farmer and trace the rise and

decline of Populism.decline of Populism.

Farmers and the Populist Movement

GrangeBecause of the horrible financial conditions and debt of farmers, it was

time for reform. The Grange was an alliance of farmers that assisted in all facets of farming and got Interstate Commerce Act passed (created Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate rates)

Farmers AllianceBegan to organize and spread further than local

Colored Farmers National Alliance & Southern Alliance

PopulismFarmers decided to make a change through politics: Increase in

money supply, graduated income tax, federal loan program, election of senators by popular votes, single terms for president and VP, secret ballot, and 8 hour workday

Objective 4.03: Describe the causes and effects of the financial Objective 4.03: Describe the causes and effects of the financial difficulties that plagued the American farmer and trace the rise and difficulties that plagued the American farmer and trace the rise and

decline of Populism.decline of Populism.

Farmers and the Populist Movement

William Jennings Bryan: the Democratic nominated presidential candidate and became the Populist candidate

“Cross of Gold” Speech

William McKinley was the Republican nominee: elected in 1896 due to massive financial support

Populism never recovered

Objective 4.03: Describe the causes and effects of the financial Objective 4.03: Describe the causes and effects of the financial difficulties that plagued the American farmer and trace the rise and difficulties that plagued the American farmer and trace the rise and

decline of Populism.decline of Populism.

Objective 4.04: Describe innovations in agricultural technology and Objective 4.04: Describe innovations in agricultural technology and business practices and assess their impact on the West and Great business practices and assess their impact on the West and Great

Plains.Plains.

New technological innovations: How did they change society?

John Deere and his steel plow: allowed areas once thought of as not suitable for farming to be worked

Barbed wire: ended the “open range” in cattle farming

Water pumping windmills: allowed farming in areas otherwise devoid of accessible water