Organizational and Behaviors

[Type the company name]Organizational and BehaviorsAssignment 1

Ho Thi Thanh Van, GH12073

ContentsI.Introduction3II.The different approaches to management and leadership31.Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different.32.Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organisations.73.the different approaches to management used by different organisations93.1.Management roles93.2.Functions10Bibliography12

I. IntroductionThere are many elements that create to be a good leader. They are also important. They maybe are trait, behavior, contingency, function and roles, etc. And it is said that company need leaders who appropriate in the various situations, professions. If the leaders do not have accordant properties, element, the company cannot have the best operation. From the analysis of business essentials of organization and behavior, the assignment will show how and why it is a good way for group leader Steve Jobs tends to lead his group in a transactional way, while group leader Sam Walton leads his group in a transformational style.The assignment concludes two main ideas: Understand different approaches to management and leadership Understand the way of using motivational theories in organisations.Before we will come to understand different approaches to management and leadership and compare their different style to know clearer about it.II. The different approaches to management and leadership1. Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different.Transactional and transformational are two common leadership styles according to Business Essentials of Organisation and Behavior (Media). The transactional style is based on using disciplinary power and incentives of company to give followers enforcements, emphasis to catch the best their operations. For example, it is from task, outcomes, rewards and punishment, etc. On the other hand, transformational leadership is different from the transactional leadership. Leader intends to build relationship and gives follower motive by emotion, charismatic story, etc. The leader focuses on make follower working in group rather than alone. And the detailed comparison of transactional and transformational leader is given in the table below:Transactional leadershipTransformational leadership

Focus on short termBuild long-term vision

Solving problemMake people solve their problems by empowerment

Focus on control mechanismsCreate a climate of trust

Plan, organize and controlTrain, coach, counsel and mentor people.

Positional power exercisedRelationship and influencing people are the cause of leaders power

From the analysis above, I think that using these two leadership styles in a service orientated and technology orientated organizations would be different. We can see that transactional leadership style would be more effective in the technology orientated organization. And transformational leadership style would be more effective in the service orientated organization. It is chosen so by following explanation: Now we will come to find out the leadership style of two famous leaders: Steve jobs and Sam Walton by comparing them on trait, behavior and contingency. Before exploring their leadership styles, the overview of two leaders will be shown following. Steve Jobs is a legendary leader in the world. He was known as a chairman, and former CEO of Apple (Apple) A corporation that is about designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, online services, and personal computers (Technology orientated organization). And Sam Walton (March 29, 1918 April 5, 1992) was an American businessman and entrepreneur best known for founding the retailers Wal-Mart and Sam's Club.Steven Jobs used transactional leadership style while Sam Walton used transformational leadership style. It can be analysised clearly following:Firstly, trait of the leaders will be compared by big five model (J.M. Digman):Steve JobsSam Walton

Conscientiousness: Steven Jobs has stressed that do not have to coddle employees, on the contrary. He said that if having a good staff, it is necessary to create pressure in order to maximize performance of his/her. Steve is not interested in the thoughts and feelings of subordinates. The importance to him is the end result can be achieved or not (Bungbu)Extraversion: Sam Walton affects his follower by inspiration, motivation, and enthusiasm, and so did his team. He wake up his employees by asking start their day with a cheer: Give me a W, give me an A, give me an L, give me a squiggly, give me an M, give me an A, give me an R, and give me a T! Whats that spell? Wal-Mart! Whose Wal-Mart is it? My Wal-Mart! Whos number one? The customer is always! (McAfee, 2014)

Openness: He is open and unconventional in his attitude towards love relationships and romance. He enjoys socializing, bringing people together and having many friends of both sexes. Sam Walton values friendship very highly and in fact, he is more comfortable being a friend than a lover. Sam desires an intellectual rapport or spiritual bond with his love partner, but deep intimacy and emotional bonding do not come easily to him. The traditional "husband" and "wife" roles do not appeal to Walton, and he abhors jealousy and possessiveness since he feels that no person truly "belongs" to another. Sam Walton appreciates relationships in which his love partner allows him plenty of freedom and is not very emotionally demanding.

Emotional: He enjoys emotional intensity and is attracted to the mysterious, the unknown, and dangerous or challenging experiences that draw on all of his inner resources. He is able to handle an emotional crisis very well and is interested in the underlying root of emotional problems and how to cure them. Sam Walton insists on bringing feelings between people out into the open, for he craves real closeness and intimacy in his relationships, without barriers or secrets. (TopSynergy)

Secondly, behavior (A.Judge, 2012) of leadership style of Steven jobs and Sam Walton also have differences.Steven Jobs has behavior follow task-oriented leadership. As many people assess, it is very necessary for a good leader to let his employees to contribute ideas or leadership to listen and choose the best ideas. However, Steve has an absolute belief in the opinion of himself. He controlled every aspect of a product. Steve is famous as a perfectionist, and the final decision largely comes from his idea. Not only that, Steve has been alleged stealing other people's ideas and claiming that is his own (Bungbu).The opposite, Sam Walton has behavior follow people-oriented leadership. He didnt just focus too much on his teams but he also came up with the ten commandments of business. The commandments were committing to the goals, sharing the rewards with others, energizing the colleagues and all employees, communicating lucidly and sharing everything that one knows, valuing everyone around, celebrating success with all, listening to everyone regardless of who they are, delivering more than what is being promised, working harder but also smarter than everyone else and blazing ones own path regardless of what one was doing (Adviseamerica).Thirdly, we will be attentive in contingency (A.Judge, 2012) factors of leadership styles of two leaders.According to Fiedler , the ability to control the group situation is crucial for a leader. And when in a difficult situation about performance and leadership style, the company has two main options to move to adapt and have good result: Change the situation and Change the leader. Yet almost companies choice to change the leader but not to choice change the situation. Because situation concludes a lot of elements such as company, environment, staffs, employees, etc. And instead of that, choosing to change the leader is easier very much. Therefore, many companies fire and continue to recruit other leaders a lot. They are performing changing the leader instead of changing the situation.With the above analysis, we can see that the leadership style of Steven Jobs is out-group SJ, and the leadership style of Sam Walton is in-group. In addition, the LMX theory can be explained by the equation T + C = Y. In which, T is the trust the superior has in the subordinate and the subordinate feels the superior has in him and C is the degree of control exercised by the superior over the subordinates and Y is a constant, unchanging amount. Therefore, when trust of leader for employee is increase, leaders the control for their employee is reduce and oppositely.2. Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organisations.Classical administration (Henri Fayol 1841-1925) emphasized a more top-down perspective that was focused on educating management on improving processes first and then moving to workers. Following the theory, they believed that by focusing on managerial practices organizations could minimize misunderstandings and increase efficiency. And Steven jobs is one of leaders who uses classical administration managing approaches. It is shown by the method of management that he has done following:Steve Jobs approach to inspiring his employees was indeed bizarre. Jobs use of foul language and insults were well known. His typical remark to an engineer was This is shit! This is clearly not the most desirable way to provide feedback. However, Apple employees (at least some) learned that what Jobs was really trying to say was Tell me why this is the best way to do it. What Jobs was attempting was to challenge employees to be creative and to find the optimal way to achieve something to make something perfect (changingwinds, 2011)He also offered meaning to his employees. It is known that Apples employees worked hard on visionary projects, striving to meet targets and to satisfy their leaders maniacal attention to detail. Jobs infused them with a sense of mission. Apple had to leave a mark in the world of computing, improve peoples lives, be bold and, of course, think different.Steve Jobs has always been considered an anomaly in management. He put people at the center. He does not imply that giving his employees what they wanted, nor that he created a flat playful organization. He made a working environment where ideas flew from the bottom up. Apples approach to innovation is definitely not user-driven: it does not listen to users, but makes proposals to them. And a narration on Jobss leadership style tells of a vertical, top-down approach, often harsh. At new product launches, he, not the team, was the protagonist (Verganti, 2011).Oppose to Steven Jobs, Sam Walton follows human relations approach (Elton Mayo (1975)). He noticed about human element in management more. He believed that the management of people (human attitudes, values, and relationships in organisations) is important. They felt that management can get the work done from the workers by satisfying their social and psychological needs.Sam Walton considered his employee were business partners with him. He treated his people respectfully rather than like hired hands. And he always listened very fully to front-line employees who interact with customers. Walton believe these people have great ideas and it was his job to create an atmosphere where people would feel comfortable talking. He always gave his people responsibility to get on with their jobs. He asked everyone for their best ideas and then actually used those ideas to improve his business.Sam Walton also acknowledged the single important thing that did for Wal-Mart was his visit to his own stores. He would rather be out with folks doing the real work of retail than sit around in meeting in the home office. He was on a very specific mission. His goal was gain firsthand competitive intelligence about his competitors stores, and most important of spend all time to talking with his own employees (Bergdahi).He cared about employee who worked for Wal-Mart rather than trying to use this as a good management technique. He believed that his role was to provide the employees with everything they need to create a satisfy Wal-Mart customer. And Walton would never ask any employee to do anything he was not prepared to do himself (Publishing)In summary, from the above analysis we can see that it is agreeable for Steven jobs uses classical administration managing approaches when he followed transactional leadership style and Sam Walton used both human relations approach and transformational leadership style.3. the different approaches to management used by different organisationsLeadership style and management approach effect a lot to management roles and functions management of the two leaders. They were shown by:3.1. Management rolesSteven Jobss management role is decisional. As the founder of Apple, Jobs acts as an initiator, designer, and encourager of change and innovation. His roles encourage to create improvement projects and work to delegate, empower and supervise teams in the development process.Sam Waltons management role is interpersonal. He covered the relationships with others. Walton brought the needs to his employees. He also Leader builds relationships with employees and communicates with, motivates, and coaches them. Motivating subordinates, overseeing their progress, promoting and encouraging their development, and balancing effectiveness are something Walton has tried to do best.3.2. FunctionsFunction of Steven Jobs:Organising: "The organization is clean and simple to understand, and very accountable. Everything just got simpler. That's been one of my mantras -- focus and simplicity", he said in 2004. In other words, the responsibilities of every employee are very clear. For each project, and every task in that project, there will be someone accountable, a so-called DRI (directly responsible individual) who will be congratulated or blamed depending on how he does (Moisescot).Commanding: Steve Jobs was successful at motivating his employees. Despite the accusations of his personality flaws, he was still able to motivate his employees to create something great. He directed efforts of others through tasks and structures. Steve influenced his employees for strong desire of work, shared his passion with the staff, and provided vision. Steve jobs employees knew that he was not in it for the money but for the desire to build something great. Steve jobs hired employees that he knew would be able to endure his rants and be further motivated by them. He made his employees believe they can do something great.Controlling: Apple is "a command-and-control structure where ideas are shared at the top" i.e. at the Monday executive meeting. All groups would work hard on presentations for the Monday meeting where they knew the fate of their product was at stake. Steve Jobs was famously open to the executives' arguments and ideas at these meetings. For example, they convinced him (after a long while) to open the iPhone platform with the App Store But once a decision had been taken, there was no discussion in the rest of the company: they had to execute (Moisescot).Functions management of Sam Walton:

Planning: he plan to build offering lower prices and great service would never work. As it turned out, the company's success exceeded even Sam's expectations. Sam credited the rapid growth of Wal-Mart not just to the low costs that attracted his customers, but also to his workers. He relied on their employees to give customers the great shopping experience that would keep them coming back. Sam shared his vision for the company with his workers in a way that was nearly unheard of in the industry. He made them partners in the success of the company, and firmly believed that this partnership was what made Wal-Mart great.Organizing: The structure of Wal-Mart is built by separate, semi autonomous units or divisions i.e. within one corporation there can be different divisions and each one has their own goals and objectives to achieve. Walton supervises the activities of the workers under his division and is solely responsible for its success or failure. This enables him to focus more on results as they are accountable for them (ukessays).Coordinating: Walton gave profit-sharing to employees who could create benefit from the profitability of the store. By offering them stock options as well as store discounts, Walton was attempting to demonstrate the respect he had for his workers and encourage them in their efforts. In turn, they will treat you as a partner, and together you will all perform beyond your wildest expectations, he predicted (evancarmichael).

BibliographyA.Judge, S. P. (2012). Essentials of Organizational Behavior. Adviseamerica. (n.d.). Sam Walton Leadership Style. Retrieved from http://www.adviseamerica.com/sam-walton-leadership-style/Apple. (n.d.). Steve Jobs Resigns as CEO of Apple. Retrieved from Apple: http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/08/24Steve-Jobs-Resigns-as-CEO-of-Apple.htmlBergdahi, M. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=WM-qBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT18&lpg=PT18&dq=sam+walton+satisfy+employee&source=bl&ots=-Un-LL74k4&sig=x7iwFB4iTGW4jKXbrmitqAGVb3s&hl=vi&sa=X&ei=tb0JVdE2iOTyBZyFgZAM&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=sam%20walton%20satisfy%20employee&f=falseBungbu. (n.d.). Phong cch lnh o ca Steve Jobs: mt nh c ti v i. Retrieved from https://www.tinhte.vn/threads/phong-cach-lanh-dao-cua-steve-jobs-mot-nha-doc-tai-vi-dai.1552349/changingwinds. (2011, 11). Steve Jobs Reality Distortion Field: Leadership or Bullying? Retrieved from https://changingwinds.wordpress.com/2011/11/21/steve-jobs-reality-distortion-field-leadership-or-bullying/Dlugan, A. (n.d.). You Can Learn to Present Like Steve Jobs. Retrieved from http://sixminutes.dlugan.com/steve-jobs-presentation-tips/evancarmichael. (n.d.). LESSON #1: MOTIVATE YOUR WORKERS. Retrieved from evancarmichael: http://www.evancarmichael.com/Famous-Entrepreneurs/591/Lesson-1-Motivate-Your-Workers.htmlMcAfee, G. (2014, 1 3). The Transformational Leader. Retrieved from http://www.hvacrbusiness.com/transformational-leader.htmlMedia, B. L. Business Essentials of Organisation and Behaviour. Moisescot, R. (n.d.). Steven at work. Retrieved from http://allaboutstevejobs.com/persona/steveatwork.phpPublishing, B. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=WM-qBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT18&lpg=PT18&dq=sam+walton+satisfy+employee&source=bl&ots=-Un-LL74k4&sig=x7iwFB4iTGW4jKXbrmitqAGVb3s&hl=vi&sa=X&ei=tb0JVdE2iOTyBZyFgZAM&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=sam%20walton%20satisfy%20employee&f=falseTopSynergy. (n.d.). Sam Walton in relationship. Retrieved from http://famous-relationships.topsynergy.com/Sam_Walton/ukessays. (n.d.). Organisational Structure And Culture Of Wal Mart Management Essay. Retrieved from http://www.ukessays.com/essays/management/organisational-structure-and-culture-of-wal-mart-management-essay.phpVerganti, R. (2011, 7). Steve Jobs and Management by Meaning. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2011/10/steve-jobs-and-management-by-myaroinsideapple. (n.d.). Focus at Apple. Retrieved from yaroinsideapple: http://yaroinsideapple.weebly.com/steve-jobs-as-a-leader.html

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