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Diagnosis and Management of Acute Abdominal Pain
Diagnosa dan Managemen Nyeri Abdomen Acutdr Djoko Judojoko Sp. B
PIT VI IDI KOTA BOGORNovember 20131
INTRODUKSIDari 1000 kasus AAPNon Spesifik Abdominal Pain 34%Acut appendicitis 28%Obstruksi usus 4%Perforasi GI Tract 3%Pancreacitis 3%Difercucitis 2%Lain lain 13%2
INTRODUKSINyeri Abdomen Acut 20-40% pengunjung IGD50-60% Inaccurate Initial Diagnosis3
Abdominal PainViceral PainParietal PainReferred Pain
4
Viceral PainDistensi, Inflamasi, dan ischemiaLocalisasiForgut EpigastriumMidgut UmbilicusHindgut Hipogastric5
Parietal PainDinding AbdomenSesuai DermatomeReferred Pain6
Generalized APPerforationAAAAcute pancreatitisDMBilateral pleurisy
7
Central APEarly appendicitisSBOAcute gastritisAcute pancreatitisRuptured AAAMesenteric thrombosis
8
Epigastric painDU / GUOesophagitisAcute pancreatitisAAA
9
RUQ painGallbladder diseaseDUAcute pancreatitis PneumoniaSubphrenic abscess
10
LUQ painGUPneumoniaAcute pancreatitis Spontaneous splenic ruptureAcute perinephritisSubphrenic abscess
11
Suprapubic painAcute urinary retentionUTIs Cystitis PIDEctopic pregnancy Diverticulitis
12
RIF painAcute appendicitisMesenteric adenitis (young)Perf DUDiverticulitis PIDSalpingitisUreteric colic Meckels diverticulum Ectopic pregnancy Crohns diseaseBiliary colic (low-lying gall bladder)
13
Loin painMuscle strainUTIsRenal stonesPyelonephritis
14
LIF painDiverticulitisConstipationIBSPIDRectal CaUCEctopic pregnancy
15
Key Point Anamnesa Site Nature & character Duration Intensity Precipitating & relieving factors Associated symptoms 16
Riwayat Penyakit LaluRiwayat Abdominal painMCUOperasiPenyakit CronisImmuno supresifMedication (NSAID)17
Pemeriksaan FisikObservasi sangat pentingObservasiBongkok ke depan: Chronic PancreatitisJaundiced: obstruksi CBDDehidrasi: Peritonitis, Obstruksi Usus Halus18
Pemeriksaan FisikPemeriksaan Fisik AbdomenInspeksiScapoid / Datar --- Ulcus PepticumDespended : obstruksi UsusAcitesDarm Countur dan Darm SteifungObstruksi Usus
19
Pemeriksaan FisikPalpasiCek herniaDefance musculerRebound TedernesNyeri tekan20
Nyeri AbdomenLocal right illiac fossaAppendicitis acutSalpingitis acutLowgrade poorly localicedObstruksi ususNyeri hebat seluruh perutMesenteric ischemiaAcut pancreatitisNyeri pinggang / low backpainPeri nephric abceesRetrocaecal appendicitis21
Pemeriksaan FisikAuscultasiBising usus / peristaltikMinimal dua menit untuk (negatif)Peristaltik meningkat obstruksiBruit di epigastrik - AAA22
Pemeriksaan FisikColok DuburNyeriIndurasiMasaDarah dan lendir23
Pemeriksaan FisikColok VaginaDarahDischargeNyeri goyang portioNyeri / masa abnesaUkuran uterus24
Manegemen Awal Nyeri Abdomen Acut20 detik pertama diagnosis hanya tigaVery ill (mengancam jiwa)ill (perlu tindakan segera)Reasonably well (elektif)25
Very illMengancam jiwa / going to dieCari bantuanPerawat resusitasiSesama dokter jagaSenior Konsultan diberi tahu26
ill (perlu tindakan segera)Stabil dalam beberapa jamInvestigasi segera (urgent)Initial diagnosisInitial management
27
Reasonably well (elektif)Investigasi seperlunyaFormulat diagnosisTerapi simtomatikRujuk poli spesialis elektif28
Initial ManagementABCDEResusitasi dan analgetik (Opioid iv)Full monitoring (urin output)Minta bantuan senior (cito)29
Initial Lab InvestigasiDarah rutinAmylase (pancreatitis)Ureum, creatinim dan lftBLT, CLT, PT, APTT (Acut pancreatitis, sepsis, DIC)GDSAGDECGCardiag enzimUrinalisa (Murah dan simple)Tes kehamilan30
CT ScaningNo significant advantage in DD of AAPDelay of necessary treatmentRouting use not justifiedFast (Fucus assesment with sonografy for trauma)Nilai diagnostik untuk trauma tinggi31
Laparoscopy DiagnostikEarly diagnostik laparoskopi may result non spesifik abdominal painAcuratPromptEfficient management of AAPReduces the rate of unnesessary laparatomiIncreases the diagnosis accuracyMay be a key to soving the diagnostik dilema of NSAP 32
SuggesionsHal penting untuk dinilai dari AAPInitial diagnosticPilihan pemeriksaan pembantu yang tepatInitial treatment yang tepatPersingkat length of stayCost effectiveness33
Studi KasusTanggalKlinisLaboratoriumRadiologi16 Okt 2013S : Ulu hati nyeri
O : Nyeri tekan ulu hati B U (+)
A : W.D. / Dispepsi Kolik Abdomen
P : Alganax 1 x 1 Rebamid 3 x 1 Trolac 3 x 1 Fastro 2 x 1 Jolocid 1 x 1Lekosit 14000Identitas Kasus : Laki-laki Umur 67 tahun34
TanggalKlinisLaboratoriumRadiologi17 Okt 2013S : Mengeluh sakit sekali
O : T = 110 / 70 N = 80 S = 36 RR = 20
A : W.D. / Dispepsi Kolik Abdomen
P : Teruskan USG :
Hepar normal KE dinding menebal sedikit SLUDGE Kesan cholecystitis 18 Okt 2013S : Sakit + + +
O : USG cholecystitis dengan sludge
A : Dispepsi Kolik Abdomen ec cholecystitis
P : Urdafalk 3 x 1 MST 10 2 x1 HB = 11,2HT = 34L = 1200035
TanggalKlinisLaboratoriumRadiologi19 Okt 2013S : Sakit perut +++ Demam +, Batuk
O : - Nyeri tekan ulu hati- C/P dalam batas normal
A : Dispepsi Kolik Abdomen ec cholecystitis P : Terapi lanjutkan Thoraxfoto :- Cor normal- CTR 55% Pulmo effusi pleura kiri Sudut costophrenicus tumpul20 Okt 2013 S : status quo ante- Natrium 133- Calium 4.0- CL 10736
TanggalKlinisLaboratoriumRadiologi21 Okt 2013S : - Ku Lemah- Diare +
O : - Ku lemah Cm T = 120 / 70, N = 84, S = 36, RR = 20C/P tak- Abdomen nyeri tekan +- Akral hangat
A : Dispepsi Kolik Abdomen ec Cholecystitis - GEA
P : - Lodia- Terapi lain teruskan- Lekosit 8900- LED 82 37
TanggalKlinisLaboratoriumRadiologi22 Okt 2013S : Demam naik turun (catatan perawat)- BAB cair- Kedua kaki bengkak
O : - Ku Lemah- T = 110 / 70, N = 88, S = 36, RR = 20
A : Dispepsi Kolik Abdomen ec cholecystitis - GEA P : - Cek Elektrolit- Cek Albumin- Lain2 teruskan - Albumin 2.2- N a = 130 38
TanggalKlinisLaboratoriumRadiologi23 Okt 2013Jam 18:15S : - Perut Kembung- Nyeri seluruh perut- Demam (+)
O : - Ku Lemah Cm - T = 130 / 70, N = 88 S = 38,3, RR = 20- C/P tak Abdomen kembung (destended)- Defance musc (+) Hepar/Lien sulit diraba - Edman ()
A : - suspect ileus paralitik- DD obstruksi- Dispepsi Kolik Abdomen ec cholecystitis dengan SLUDGE Jam 19:10
- HB = 11- L = 19800- NA = 130Abdomen 3 posisi, hasil adalah : Preperitonial fat menebal- Air fluid level (+)- Free air (-)39
TanggalKlinisLaboratoriumRadiologi23 Okt 2013Jam 18:15
A : - GEA - Hipo Albumin
P : - Konsul SPB- Puasa- NGT dekompresi- Abdomen 3 posisi- Albuminar 100 25%- DPL- Elektrolit ulang 40
TanggalKlinisLaboratoriumRadiologi23 Okt 2013Jam 20:43
S : Sakit seluruh perut
O : Keadaan umum kesakitan- T = 110 / 70, N = 88 S = 36, RR = 20C/P tak
Abdomen- Destended - Peritonitis (+)- Bu (-)- Nyeri tekan (+)- Nyeri lepas (+)- Defance Musc (+)
A : - Peritonitis umum APP perforasi Cholecystitis ruptur Jam 23:32
- HB = 10,5- HT = 31- L = 20800- T = 421 Usg :
- Cholelithiasis Abdomen 3 posisi- Air fluid level (+) Preperitoneal fat menebal Kesan peritonitis umum41
TanggalKlinisLaboratoriumRadiologi23 Okt 2013
Jam 20:43
P :- Infus teruskan- Puasa NGT kateter tampung ukur Anjuran ekplorasi Laparatomi citoTerapi tambah Trichodasol 1 x 1,5 gr
42
O.S. dilakukan Laparotomi 3 hari kemudian karena masih pikir-pikir 43
Hasil Laparotomi ?44
1. Initial diagnosis : - Very ill (mengancam jiwa)- ill (perlu tindakan segera)- Reasonably well (elektif)
2. Very ill dan ill -> konsul Spb Reasonably well -> konsul poliklinik bedah
3. DD - Infeksi intra abdomen- Obstruksi GI tract- Bleeding intra abdomen- Ischemia organ intra abdomenTake home messages :45Thank You46