Upload
others
View
6
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
NVSL UPDATE FOR AVIAN
INFLUENZA & NEWCASTLE
DISEASE
Mia Kim Torchetti, DVM MS PhD
Committee on Poultry and Other Avian SpeciesVeterinary ServicesUSDA, APHISNational Veterinary Services LaboratoriesDiagnostic Virology Laboratory - [email protected]. 515-337-7551
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Newsflash! New Media Tubes• BHI without antibiotics is available in 3ml
blue cap-plastic tube for up to 5 OP or CL swabs from avian species
• BHI with antibiotics is available in 5.5ml white cap-plastic tube for up to 11 OP swabs from gallinaceous poultry or environmental samples
Order form https://www.aphis.usda.gov/library/forms/pdf/NVSLKitRequestForm.pdf
2
3 ml BHI - no abx
5.5 ml BHI + abx
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
FY2019 US Samples Submitted (>8300)
3
43%
1%
3%4%
16%
33%
COMM
DIAG
EXPORT
FAD
IMPORT
LBM-BYD
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
2018-19 H5 and H7 Events
4
All of North American wild bird origin
Date State Production typeInitial
sample SubtypeSep-18* CA commercial turkeys Sera H7N3 LPAIOct-18 MN commercial turkeys Swab H5N2 LPAIMar-19 PA, CT LBM ducks Swab H7N3 LPAIApr-19 CA commercial ducks Swab H5N2 LPAI
Jun-19 CAnon-commercial backyard ducks
Swab H7N3 LPAI
* reported in previous year
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
2018 MN H5N2 LPAI Independent introductions by county
• Phylogenetic analysis suggests independent introduction by county followed by secondary spread within county.
5
Wild bird data courtesy of National Center for Foreign Animal Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada
Virus from County 1
Virus from County 2
PB2 96% 95%PB1 94% 95%PA 99% 89%HA 99% 99%NP 99% 93%NA 99% 99%MP 99% 97%
NS (MALL) 99% 78%
NS(NOPI) 79% 99%
Analysis of common genes for viruses from Kandiyohi (green), Stearns (purple), and Canadian wild birds (blue)
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
2018 MN H5N2 LPAI Phylogenetic analysis across all 8 genes
6
Kandiyohi (green) & Stearns (purple) counties
NA stalk deletion was acquired
Wild bird data courtesy of National Center for Foreign Animal Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
2018 September AM H7N3 LPAIEarly September - slight increase in mortality with respiratory signs in turkeysDay 1: CAHFS reported AI antibody and presumptive H7Day 3: North American wild bird H7N3 LPAI confirmedDay 18: second flock detected with H7N3
• Two additional flocks identified through incident area surveillance (one backyard)
Day 40: fifth and final flock confirmed
7
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
• Highlights need for virus monitoring during controlled marketing
Virus Changes Associated with Poultry Adaptation
Neuraminidase stalk deletion
Samples collected NA gene Last detectionearly September mixedearly September noneearly September nonemid September deletionmid September none n/amid September deletion 10/30/2018early October deletion 11/05/2018
n/a
n/a
8
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
9
←2018 MN turkeys H5N2 LPAI
←2019 CA ducks H5N2 LPAI
←2014 CA quail H5N8 LPAI
←2015 NJ LBM H5N1 LPAI
←2017 WI turkeys H5N2 LPAI
←2016 MO turkeys H5N1 LPAI
←2016 Northeast (NE) LBM H5N2 LPAI
2010 Canada turkeys LPAI
←Early to mid-2000s (NE) LBM H5N2 LPAI
←2014-15 US EA/AM H5 HPAI
H5 HA PhylogenyFY2019 in blue
Wild birdCommercial
LBM/Upland game/BackyardHPAI
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
H7 HA PhylogenyFY2019 in blue
10
←2018 MO, TX H7N1 LPAI (independent introductions)
←2017 TN, AL, KY, GA H7N9 LPAI (+TN HPAI)
←2016 IN turkeys H7N8 LPAI (+HPAI)2018 CA turkeys H7N3 LPAI2019 CA ducks H7N3 LPAI
2015 PA LBM H7N7 LPAI
2014 NJ pheasant H7N3 LPAI2014 DE LBM H7N7 LPAI2019 PA, CT LBM H7N3 LPAI
←2010 NJ LBM H7N3 LPAI←Late 90’s to mid-2000 NE LBM H7N2 LPAI
Wild birdCommercial
LBM/Upland game/BackyardHPAI
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
AM H7N3 LPAI NA Deletion in Backyard Ducks
HA NA** PB2 PB1 PA NP MP NS99.0 99.8 99.7 99.6 99.7 99.7 99.4 98.899.0 99.8 99.6 99.6 99.8 99.7 99.6 98.799.0 99.8 99.7 99.6 99.8 99.6 99.6 98.899.0 99.8 99.7 99.6 99.7 99.7 99.7 98.799.0 99.8 99.6 99.6 99.7 99.7 99.7 98.798.9 99.8 99.6 99.6 99.7 99.7 99.7 98.7
**comparison to virus with deletion (both present at site)
11
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Wild Bird Viruses in LBM/Upland game/ Backyard birds
• H1N1 PA duck• H2N8 OR duck• H3N8 (equine lineage) PA
Muscovy duck• H4N6 TN duck • H6N1 PA, NJ duck• H6N8 PA duck
• H10N1 WY quail• H10N7 FL chicken• H11N9 TX chicken
OTHER INFLUENZA A:• Swine lineage H1 MO, MN,
NC (also H3)• H1N1pdm from UT mink
farm, and black bear from zoo in LA
12
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Live Bird Market H2N2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
CT NJ NY PA
2018
domestic waterfowl environment
other bird poultry (gall)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
CT NJ NY
2019
domestic waterfowl environment
other bird poultry (gall)
13
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
LBM H2N2 HA Phylogeny• Branches colored by
year:• 2019• 2018• 2017• Older in black
• Tip labels colored by state• No evidence of
reassortment
• NA stalk deletion observed in 2 states along with amino acid substitutions at the cleavage site
14
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
California vND Incident 2018
15
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
APMV-1 (aka Avian Avulavirus 1)
Pigeon/dove (PPMV-1), cormorant, and
classical vaccineviruses are distinct
from the CA vNDviruses
16
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Genetic Analysis CA2018• Analysis of the CA2018 viruses isolates
supports a single, recent introduction followed by secondary spread
• No change in the amino acid profile of the cleavage site has been observed for sequenced viruses (PGGRRQKR/FVGAII)
• The ICPI ranges between 1.6-1.8 (n=11)• Chickens remain predominantly affected,
other species identified include quail, peafowl (peacock) and turkey, as well as duck, goose, parakeet, and pigeon
17
Dimitrov KM, et al. Virology, 2019 Vol 531:203-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2019.03.010
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Tracking Sustained Virus Changes
Early divergence into two main groups is defined by the presence of a sustained single nucleotide polymorphism in the fusion gene compared to a closely related reference sequence (GenBank: KF767466.1)
18
Texts in Slides
Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
19
Special Thanks to:• CAHFS, MPTL• USDA ARS SEPRL and CEAH• SAHOs, NPIP and NAHLN Labs• Team Avian, Diagnostic Virology Lab
Remember to send duplicate samples to
your NAHLN lab and to NVSL in parallel for the
fastest confirmation!